CN109220919B

CN109220919B - Land-based giant clam and coral culture system and mixed culture method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN109220919B
Application number: CN201811169116.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘春胜; 顾志峰; 吴川良; 石耀华; 郑兴; 何园园; 耿涛年
Original assignee: Hainan University
Current assignee: Hainan University
Priority date: 2018-07-27
Filing date: 2018-10-08
Publication date: 2021-06-04
Anticipated expiration: 2038-10-08
Also published as: CN109220919A

Abstract

A land-based giant clam and coral culture system and a mixed culture method thereof belong to the technical field of giant clam and coral culture, the system comprises a culture workshop, a culture water supply and drainage system and a giant clam coral mixed culture device, wherein the culture workshop comprises a semi-underground culture pond, a bearing wall and side windows, a light-transmitting glass ceiling and shutters; the side window is arranged on the bearing wall, the shutter is arranged at the top layer of the breeding workshop and is adjustable; the invention also provides a method for mixed culture of giant clams and corals by using the system, and the method improves the utilization rate of culture water; no longer influenced by typhoon, high temperature and other extreme weather.

Description

Land-based giant clam and coral culture system and mixed culture method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of giant clam and coral culture, and particularly relates to a giant clam and coral land-based culture system and a mixed culture method of two organisms.

Background

The coral reef ecosystem is an ecosystem with the highest biodiversity and productivity in the ocean and is known as a tropical rainforest in the ocean. The organisms of the coral reef ecosystem can be divided into reef-building organisms and reef-attaching organisms, wherein tridacna and reef-building coral can continuously accumulate calcium carbonate and are the most important two reef-building organism groups in the ecosystem. In recent years, due to the influence of global warming, seawater acidification, human activities and the like, the biomass of tridacna and hermatypic coral is sharply reduced, and various rare tridacna and coral are even endangered to be extinct. In order to protect giant clams and corals and restore species diversity of coral reef ecosystem, domestic and foreign researchers have taken various measures to protect giant clams and coral resources. The artificial breeding and the living body germplasm library construction are one of effective methods for protecting giant clams and coral germplasm resources, and the establishment of feasible giant clams and coral land-based culture technology is the premise for carrying out the work. At present, there are mainly 2 kinds of giant clam and coral culture modes at home and abroad: firstly, erecting a light source with certain illumination intensity for temporary rearing on the basis of a traditional economic aquatic animal seedling raising workshop or a medium and small glass display jar; secondly, a sunshade net is erected on the top of the open-air cultivation cement pond or the glass fiber reinforced plastic seedling raising pond for cultivation. However, in the actual culture process, the first culture method influences the normal growth of tridacna and coral due to the large difference between the artificial light source and the natural light spectrum, insufficient illumination of the artificial light source and other defects; the latter is very susceptible to severe weather such as typhoon and rainstorm, and the cultivation controllability is very poor. Therefore, it is necessary to design a culture system special for giant clams and corals according to the ecological habits of giant clams and corals and establish a matched culture method.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a giant clam and coral land-based culture system and a mixed culture method thereof.

The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme:

a land-based giant clam and coral culture system comprises a culture workshop, a culture water supply and drainage system and a giant clam coral mixed culture device, wherein the culture workshop comprises a semi-underground culture pond, a bearing wall, side windows, a light-transmitting glass ceiling and shutters; the side window is arranged on the bearing wall, the shutter is arranged at the top layer of the breeding workshop and is adjustable;

the breeding water supply and drainage system consists of a constant flow water system and an indoor circulating water system; the giant clam coral mixed culture device comprises an upper attachment plate, a lower attachment plate and support legs, wherein the support legs support the upper attachment plate and the lower attachment plate, and the heights of the support legs can be adjusted;

further, the upper attachment plate has a length and a width greater than those of the lower attachment plate, respectively.

Furthermore, the attachment plate is a grating plate.

Further, the constant flow water system comprises a culture pond, an open sea water inlet pipe, a water inlet pipe, an overflow pipe and a water drain pipe; the open sea natural seawater is directly extracted, and then enters the culture pond through the open sea water inlet pipe and the water inlet pipe, and then flows out through the overflow pipe and enters the drain pipe to be discharged.

The indoor circulating water system comprises a filtered water inlet pipe, a filtered water culturing pond, a filtered water draining pipe, a filtered water circulating return pipe and a filtered water treatment system, the filtered water is discharged from the water culturing pond through the water draining pipe and then enters the water circulating return pipe, the filtered water is discharged from the water circulating return pipe and then enters the water treatment system, and the treated water for culturing flows out of the filtered water inlet pipe and finally enters the water culturing pond.

The invention also provides a method for mixed culture of giant clams and corals by using the system, which comprises the following specific steps: placing upper attachment plates in the culture pond at a position 60-80cm away from the bottom of the culture pond, and fixing the upper attachment plates at four corners of the upper attachment plates by using PVC pipes as support legs; placing an underwater illuminometer on the upper attachment plate at 12:00-14:00 noon, and adjusting a louver of a breeding workshop to enable the illumination intensity of the upper attachment plate to be in the optimal light intensity range of tridacna; laying a lower attachment plate 20-40cm away from the bottom of the culture pond as a coral culture attachment base, and placing an underwater illuminometer on the lower attachment plate; then tridacna are uniformly placed on the upper attachment plate, and the light intensity of the lower attachment plate is in the optimal light intensity range of the coral through the light shading of the tridacna;

further, in the daily culture process, when the open sea water quality is stable and the water temperature is proper, the water is drained through a normal running water system; when the quality of the open sea water is poor, and the water temperature is too high or too low, an indoor circulating water system is started for cultivation, so that the water quality and the water temperature are suitable for the growth of tridacna and coral; when the indoor temperature is too high in summer, the side window is opened to enable air to circulate, and auxiliary cooling is carried out.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention provides a culture facility special for giant clams and corals and a mixed culture method. Compared with the existing giant clam and coral culture method, the method has the following advantages: firstly, the utilization rate of the culture water body is improved by culturing giant clams and corals in a layered manner; the uniform optimal illumination intensity of tridacna and coral can be provided; the open sea water and the circulating water can be used for cultivation according to actual needs, so that the stability of the cultivation water quality is ensured, and the source of natural bait is also ensured; fourthly, the wind power generation system is not influenced by extreme weather such as typhoon, high temperature and the like.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a cultivation workshop: 1. a culture pond; 2. a side window; 3. a glass ceiling; 4. a blind window; 5. a load-bearing wall;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a water supply and drainage structure for cultivation: 6. an open sea water intake pipe; 7. a water inlet pipe; 8. an overflow pipe; 9. a drain pipe; 10. a circulating water return pipe; 11. water treatment systems (filtration, aeration, protein separators and refrigerators); 12. filtering and then feeding the water into a water pipe; 13. a control valve;

FIG. 3 schematic diagram of mixed culture of giant clams and corals in culture pond

14. An upper attachment plate, 15, a lower attachment plate; 16 support legs; 17 tridacna; 18 coral.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following embodiments with reference to the attached drawings, but the scope of the present invention is not limited in any way by the embodiments.

Example 1

The giant clam species in the mixed culture of the example are crocus tridacna, and the suitable illumination intensity of the giant clam species is about 15000 lx; the coral is in the shape of thin cup helmet, and has suitable illumination intensity of about 10000 lx.

A land-based giant clam and coral culture system comprises a culture workshop, a culture water supply and drainage system and a giant clam coral mixed culture device, wherein the culture workshop comprises a semi-underground culture pond 1, a bearing wall 5, side windows 2, a light-transmitting glass ceiling 3 and shutters 4; the side window 2 is arranged on the bearing wall, the shutter is arranged at the top layer of the breeding workshop, and the shutter is adjustable;

the aquaculture water supply and drainage system consists of a constant flow water system and an indoor circulating water system, wherein the constant flow water system comprises an aquaculture pond 1, an open sea water inlet pipe 6, a water inlet pipe 7, an overflow pipe 8 and a drain pipe 9; the natural seawater in open sea is directly pumped, and then enters the culture pond 1 through the open sea water inlet pipe 6 and the water inlet pipe 7 in sequence, and then flows out through the overflow pipe 8 and enters the drain pipe 9 to be discharged.

The indoor circulating water system comprises a filtered water inlet pipe 12, a filtered water inlet pipe 7, a culture pond 1, a filtered water outlet pipe 9, a circulating water return pipe 10 and a water treatment system 11, the culture water is discharged from the culture pond through the water outlet pipe and then enters the circulating water return pipe, the culture water enters the water treatment system from the circulating water return pipe, the water treatment system comprises a filtering device, an air charging device, a protein separator and a refrigerating machine, the treated culture water flows out of the filtered water inlet pipe 12 and finally enters the culture pond 1.

Giant clam coral mixed culture device includes attachment plate 14, lower attachment plate 15 and supporting leg 16, and attachment plate 14 and lower attachment plate 15 are propped up to supporting leg 16, go up the length and the width of attachment plate 14 and be greater than the length and the width of attachment plate 15 down respectively, the attachment plate be the grid board. The height of the supporting legs can be adjusted;

the invention also provides a method for mixed culture of giant clams and corals by using the system, which comprises the following specific steps:

an upper attachment plate 14 is placed in the culture pond 1 (with the water level height of 1.2m) at a position 80cm away from the bottom of the pond, and PVC pipes are used as support legs and fixed at four corners of the upper attachment plate 14; at 13:00 noon, the underwater illuminometer is placed on the upper attachment plate 14, and the shutter on the top layer of the workshop is adjusted to enable the illumination intensity to be 15000 lx; laying a second grid plate at a position 60cm away from the bottom of the culture pond as a lower attachment plate for culturing the sparse-cup helmet-shaped corals, and placing an underwater illuminometer on the lower attachment plate; then tridacna 17 is uniformly placed on the upper attachment plate, and the light intensity of the lower attachment plate is 10000lx by shading giant clams; and uniformly placing the thin cup helmet-shaped coral 18 with proper density on the lower attachment plate (misplaced with the crocna tridacna as much as possible).

In the daily culture process, constant flow water culture is adopted, namely water taking points arranged in an underwater coral reef sea area of 6-8m are taken from natural seawater, and water directly enters a culture pond through a water supply pipeline; in 2018, 28 days in 5 months and 6 months and 3 days in 3 months, the seawater naturally enters the pond and rises to 29 ℃ continuously, so that the coral tolerance temperature limit is reached, a circulating water system is started, the water temperature of the culture pond is kept at about 26 ℃ through refrigeration and temperature control, and the high-temperature period is smoothly passed. After 4 months of culture, the giant clams and the corals are in good states, the survival rate is 100%, and the giant clams and the corals grow remarkably.

Claims

1. a Tridacna, coral land-based culturing system is characterized in that it comprises a culturing workshop, a culturing water supply and drainage system and a mixed culturing device for the Tridacna coral, wherein the cultivating workshop comprises a semi-underground culturing pond (1), a load-bearing wall (5). ) and side windows (2), translucent glass ceilings (3) and shutters (4); the side windows (2) are set on the load-bearing wall, the shutters are set on the top floor of the breeding workshop, and the shutters are adjustable;

The aquaculture water supply and drainage system is composed of a constant flow water system and an indoor circulating water system; the mixed aquaculture device for Tridacna corals includes an upper attachment board, a lower attachment board and a support leg, and the support leg supports the upper attachment board and the lower attachment board, and the height of the support legs can be adjusted. adjust;

The length and width of the upper attachment plate are respectively greater than the length and width of the lower attachment plate; the lower attachment plate is arranged at 20-40cm from the bottom of the culturing pond as a coral cultivation attachment base, and the underwater illuminance meter is placed on the lower attachment plate; Place the Tridacna evenly on the upper attachment plate, and make the light intensity of the lower attachment plate within the optimum light intensity range of the coral through the shading of the Tridacna shading;

The attachment plate is a grid plate.

2. a kind of clam cladding, coral land-based culture system according to claim 1, is characterized in that described constant-flow water system comprises cultivating pond, outer sea water inlet pipe, water inlet pipe, overflow pipe and drain pipe; Directly extracts the outer sea The natural seawater enters the aquaculture pond through the outer sea water inlet pipe and the water inlet pipe in turn, and then flows out through the overflow pipe and enters the drain pipe for discharge;

The indoor circulating water system includes a filtered water inlet pipe, a water inlet pipe, a breeding pond, a drain pipe, a circulating water return pipe and a water treatment system. The breeding water is discharged from the breeding pond through the drain pipe and then enters the circulating water return pipe, and then enters the water from the circulating water return pipe. In the treatment system, the treated aquaculture water flows out from the filtered water inlet pipe and finally enters the aquaculture pond.

3. a method utilizing the system described in any one of claims 1-2 to mixed cultivation of Tridacna, coral, is characterized in that the method is specifically as follows: in the culturing pond, place an upper attachment plate at the 60-80cm place from the bottom of the pond , use PVC pipes as supporting legs to fix the four corners of the upper attachment board; at 12:00-14:00 noon, place the underwater illuminance meter on the upper attachment board, and adjust the shutters of the breeding workshop to make the upper attachment board light. The intensity is in the best light intensity range of Tridacna; lay the lower attachment plate at 20-40cm from the bottom of the culture pond as the attachment base for coral cultivation, and place the underwater illuminance meter on the lower attachment plate; then place it evenly on the upper attachment plate Tridacna, through the shading of the Tridacna, make the light intensity of the lower attachment plate in the best light intensity range of the coral.

4. method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, in the daily culture process, when the water quality of the open sea is stable and the water temperature is suitable, the drainage is carried out by the normal flow water system; when the water quality of the open sea is poor, the water temperature is too high or too low, The indoor circulating water system is used for breeding to ensure that the water quality and temperature are suitable for the growth of clam and coral; when the indoor temperature is too high in summer, the side windows are opened to circulate the air to assist in cooling.