CN103075906B - High-pressure heat-storing/or cold-storing device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-pressure heat storage/cold storage device, which is used in the field of high/low temperature heat energy storage. It is a kind of shell that bears high pressure. From the outside to the inside, there are cooling/heating liquid layer, insulation layer, thin-walled inner shell and internal solid heat storage/cold medium. Solid materials are used as heat storage/cold medium and high-pressure heat transfer medium. A high-pressure heat storage/cold storage device that flows through the surface of the heat storage/cold medium and exchanges heat. The heat storage/cold storage device of the present invention has the advantages of high pressure resistance, low cost, high efficiency, and high thermal energy grade, and is especially suitable for heat storage and/or storage where the heat/cold temperature difference is large and the heat/cold storage and release are frequent. Cold occasions.

Description

A high-pressure heat storage and/or cold storage device

technical field

The invention relates to the field of high/low temperature thermal energy storage, and is a device which utilizes solid heat storage/cold storage medium to store high/low temperature thermal energy and releases it when needed.

Background technique

The high-pressure heat storage/cold storage device disclosed by the invention can be applied to waste heat utilization in industrial processes, solar/wind energy heat storage, power peak shaving heat storage, advanced compressed air energy storage systems, and the like.

Heat storage/cold technology is an effective means to effectively solve the contradiction between the supply and demand of heat/cold energy in terms of time and space, and to improve energy utilization. Among them, high-pressure heat storage/cold technology is mainly used for heat storage and/or cold storage under high-pressure conditions, and is a key technology for industrial waste heat utilization, solar/wind energy heat utilization, power peak-shaving heat storage, and advanced air energy storage systems.

At present, commonly used high/low temperature insulation structures include stack insulation, vacuum powder insulation, vacuum multi-layer stack insulation, and positive pressure stack insulation, etc. Insulated storage tanks and storage tanks using these insulation structures are installed on the pressure tank wall with insulation layers Outer programs, and generally less resistant to stress. If such a thermal insulation structure is used to manufacture a high-pressure heat/cold storage device, a thick-walled pressure vessel is required as the tank shell, and the heat capacity of the tank wall will also be greatly increased, so that a large amount of heat/cooling is required in the process of heat/cold storage. Cold energy is used to cool the tank wall, but this part of heat/cooling energy is difficult to recover, which will greatly reduce the efficiency of heat storage/cold storage. In addition, these storage tanks are usually only used as high/low temperature fluid medium storage, and are not filled with solid medium for heat/cold storage.

Contents of the invention

The invention provides a shell that withstands high pressure, and from the outside to the inside, there are cooling/heating liquid layer, heat preservation layer, thin-walled inner shell and internal solid heat storage/cold medium, using solid materials as heat storage/cold medium, high pressure A high-pressure heat storage/cold storage device in which the heat transfer medium flows over the surface of the heat storage/cold medium and undergoes heat exchange. Compared with the existing high-pressure storage tanks with internal pressure and external insulation, it has the characteristics of high heat storage/cold storage efficiency.

Technical solution of the present invention is:

A high-pressure heat storage/cold storage device, characterized in that the high-pressure heat storage/cold storage device sequentially includes a thick-walled outer shell, a cooling/heating liquid layer, an insulation layer, a thin-walled inner shell, and the interior of the inner shell from outside to inside Filled with solid heat storage medium, an inner shell support device is provided between the inner shell and the outer shell; the wall thickness of the inner shell is less than 1/2 of the outer shell; the thermal insulation layer is a thermal insulation material with high porosity and low thermal conductivity, and the thermal insulation layer There is a pressure communication device between the inner shell and the inner shell so that the insulation layer communicates with the internal pressure of the inner shell, and the thick-walled outer shell is a pressure vessel that withstands high internal pressure; the cooling/heating liquid layer is an interlayer with multiple channels inside structure, the circulating cooling/heating liquid is passed into each channel, so that the inner surface of the outer shell pressure vessel can be cooled/heated, and the liquid pressure in the cooling/heating liquid layer is consistent with the internal pressure of the inner shell; the fluid heat transfer medium and The solid heat storage medium is in contact with each other, and heat exchange occurs on the surface of the solid heat storage medium.

The high-pressure heat storage/cold storage device is characterized in that the high-pressure heat storage/cold storage device includes at least one top feed port, at least one bottom discharge port, at least one top heat transfer medium nozzle, at least one Bottom heat transfer medium nozzle, at least one cooling/heating fluid top nozzle and one cooling/heating fluid bottom nozzle.

A cooling/heating liquid flows continuously inside the cooling/heating liquid layer to keep the temperature of the outer shell constant and ensure the strength of the pressure vessel. The cooling/heating liquid layer is a structure such as an interlayer containing multiple channels, so as to ensure that the inner surface of the shell pressure vessel can be cooled/heated.

The cooling/heating liquid is one or a mixture of at least two of water, ethanol, ethylene glycol, and propanol. The circulating flow of the cooling/heating liquid is driven by a liquid pump, and its pressure is the same as that of heat storage/cooling storage. The internal pressure of the device remains constant.

The top feed inlet and the top heat transfer medium nozzle of the high-pressure heat storage/cold storage device may be the same opening, and the bottom discharge port and the bottom heat transfer medium nozzle of the high-pressure heat storage/cold storage device may be the same opening.

The thin-walled inner shell material of the high-pressure heat storage/cold storage device is a metal material such as steel, aluminum, titanium, etc., and the thick-walled shell material is a metal material such as steel, aluminum, titanium, etc. or such as glass fiber reinforced plastic, prestressed concrete, etc. non-metallic materials.

The high-pressure heat storage/cold storage device connects the interior of the inner shell with the insulation interlayer by means of pipes to balance the pressure.

The heat transfer medium is one of liquid, gaseous or supercritical air, nitrogen, oxygen, helium, hydrogen, methane, water vapor, etc. or a mixture of at least two of them.

The solid heat storage medium is a granular or porous material, which is one or a mixture of at least two of rocks, ores, slag, concrete, refractory bricks, ceramic balls, metals, and encapsulated phase-change materials.

The insulation layer is an insulation material with high porosity and low thermal conductivity, such as a mixture of one or more of rock wool, pearlescent sand, and glass fiber felt.

The pressure communication device is an opening on the wall of the inner shell or a connecting pipe with one end communicating with the insulation layer and the other end communicating with the inner shell, so that the pressure inside the insulation layer communicates with the inner shell to balance the pressure. Preferably, one end of the pressure passage communicates with the heat transfer medium nozzle at the top, and the other end communicates with the insulation layer after passing through the thick-walled shell and the cooling/heating liquid layer.

The support method of the inner shell support device is one or more of circular support, multi-point support, etc., and the support material can be metal materials such as steel and titanium with stable performance, low thermal conductivity, and high compressive strength. Or non-metallic materials such as fiberglass, resin, etc.

Preferably, the solid heat storage/cold medium is a material with high volumetric heat capacity, low cost, stable thermomechanical performance, low absorption and permeability to heat transfer medium, low porosity, and high specific surface area.

Preferably, the high-pressure heat storage/cold storage device is provided with multiple heat insulation layers from top to bottom, the heat insulation layers allow the heat transfer medium to pass through freely, and the heat insulation layers can reduce the internal solid heat/cold storage medium and Axial conduction of heat transfer fluid.

Preferably, a gap of a certain thickness is provided between the wall shell of the high-pressure heat storage/cold storage device and the insulation layer, and the gap can increase the pressure transmission speed inside the insulation interlayer.

Preferably, the high-pressure heat storage/cold storage device can be provided with one or more heat exchange devices inside to supplement the heat/cold capacity, and the heat exchange devices can be spiral tube bundles, smooth tube bundles, finned tube bundles or coil tube bundles one or more mixtures.

Preferably, in the high-pressure heat storage/cold storage device, the inlet and/or outlet of the heat transfer medium may be provided with one or more baffles to allow the heat transfer fluid to flow in evenly, and the baffles may be perforated plates, baffles, etc. One or a mix of both.

The use process as a high-pressure heat storage device is as follows:

In advance, the heat storage medium discharge port at the bottom is closed, and the solid heat storage medium is filled into the inner shell of the high-pressure heat storage device through the top feed port to a predetermined height. Start the liquid pump of the coolant to make the coolant flow in the coolant layer at a certain flow rate.

When storing heat, the high-temperature and high-pressure heat transfer medium enters through the heat transfer medium nozzle at the top of the high-pressure heat storage device. After passing through the spoiler at the top nozzle, the heat transfer medium goes down evenly, passes through the gap between the solid heat storage medium, passes through the surface of the solid heat storage medium and exchanges heat with it, and transfers high-temperature heat energy to the solid medium; at the same time, heat transfer The fluid is cooled and discharged from the heat transfer medium nozzle at the bottom of the high-pressure heat storage device. When the discharge temperature of the heat transfer medium reaches a certain set temperature, it is considered that the heat energy has been fully stored, and the entry of the heat transfer medium is closed to end the heat storage. During the heat storage process, the temperature field inside the packed bed forms a top-down temperature stratification.

If the high-pressure heat storage device has stored a certain amount of heat, the heat transfer medium nozzles at the top and bottom of the high-pressure heat storage device are closed when the heat preservation stage starts.

When releasing heat, the high-pressure heat transfer medium enters through the heat transfer medium nozzle at the bottom of the high-pressure heat storage device. After passing through the spoiler at the bottom nozzle, the heat transfer medium goes upward evenly, passes through the gap between the solid heat storage medium, passes through the surface of the solid heat storage medium and exchanges heat with it, and absorbs the heat energy in the solid heat storage medium; the heat transfer fluid The temperature rises and is discharged from the heat transfer medium nozzle at the top of the high-pressure heat storage device. When the discharge temperature of the heat transfer medium drops to a certain set temperature, it is considered that the heat energy is released and the heat release ends. During the heat release process, the axial stratification of the temperature field inside the packed bed moves upwards continuously.

The use process as a high-pressure cold storage device is as follows:

In advance, the cold storage medium outlet at the bottom is closed, and the solid cold storage medium is filled into the inner shell of the high-pressure cold storage device through the top feeding port to a predetermined height. Start the liquid pump of the heating liquid to make the heating liquid flow in the heating liquid layer at a certain flow rate.

During cold storage, the low-temperature and high-pressure heat transfer medium enters through the heat transfer medium nozzle at the bottom of the high-pressure cold storage device. After passing through the spoiler at the bottom nozzle, the heat transfer medium flows upward evenly, passes through the gap between the solid cold storage medium, passes through the surface of the solid cold storage medium and exchanges heat with it, and transfers low-temperature cold energy to the solid medium; heat transfer The temperature of the fluid rises, and it is discharged from the heat transfer medium nozzle at the top of the high-pressure cold storage device. When the discharge temperature of the heat transfer fluid drops to a certain set temperature, it is considered that the cold energy has been stored, and the cold storage ends. During the cold storage process, the temperature field inside the packed bed forms a top-down temperature stratification.

If the high-pressure cold storage device has stored a certain amount of cold, when the heat preservation stage starts, close the heat transfer medium nozzles at the top and bottom of the high-pressure cold storage device.

When releasing cooling, the high-pressure heat transfer medium enters from the heat transfer medium nozzle at the top of the high-pressure cold storage device. After passing through the spoiler at the top nozzle, the heat transfer medium flows downward evenly, passes through the gap between the solid cold storage medium, passes through the surface of the solid cold storage medium and exchanges heat with it, and absorbs the low-temperature cold energy of the solid cold storage medium; The temperature of the heat transfer fluid decreases, and it is discharged from the heat transfer medium nozzle at the bottom of the high-pressure cold storage device. When the discharge temperature of the heat transfer medium rises to a certain set temperature, it is considered that the cold energy has been released, and the release of cooling is ended. During the cooling process, the axial stratification of the temperature field inside the packed bed moves downward continuously.

The heat storage/cold storage device of the present invention has the advantages of high pressure resistance, low cost, high efficiency, and high thermal energy grade, and is especially suitable for heat storage and/or cold storage occasions with large temperature difference between heat storage and release/cold storage and frequent storage and release. .

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of embodiment 1 of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of embodiment 2 of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

Example 1

As shown in Figure 1, it is Embodiment 1 of the high-pressure heat storage/cold storage device of the present invention. In this embodiment, the top feed port and the top heat transfer medium nozzle are the same opening, and the bottom discharge port and the bottom heat transfer medium The nozzle is the same opening. Among them, including the base 1, the bottom discharge port and the bottom heat transfer medium nozzle 2, the bottom porous baffle 3, the inner shell support device 4, the thick-walled shell 5, the cooling/heating liquid layer 6, the insulation layer 7, the thin-walled Inner shell 8, solid heat storage/cold medium 9, top porous baffle 10, top feed inlet and top heat transfer medium nozzle 11, pressure pipe 12, top cooling/heating liquid nozzle 13, bottom cooling/heating Liquid nozzle 14. One end of the pressure pipe 12 communicates with the top heat transfer medium nozzle 11 , and the other end communicates with the insulation layer 7 after passing through the thick-walled shell 5 and the cooling/heating liquid layer 6 . The wall thickness of the inner shell 8 is less than 1/2 of the outer shell 5; the thermal insulation layer 7 is a thermal insulation material with high porosity and low thermal conductivity, and a pressure communication device is provided between the thermal insulation layer 7 and the inner shell 8, so that the thermal insulation layer and the The pressure pipe 12 between the inner shells makes the internal pressure of the two communicate. The thick-walled outer shell 5 is a pressure vessel that withstands high internal pressure; the cooling/heating liquid layer 6 is a sandwich structure with multiple channels inside, and each channel is passed into The circulating cooling/heating liquid enables the inner surface of the outer shell pressure vessel to be cooled/heated, and the circulating flow of the cooling/heating liquid is driven by a liquid pump, so that the liquid pressure in the cooling/heating liquid layer 6 is the same as that inside the inner shell The pressure remains consistent; the fluid heat transfer medium is in contact with the solid heat storage medium, and heat exchange occurs on the surface of the solid heat storage medium. The high-pressure heat storage/cold storage device of the present invention can withstand a high pressure of 1MPa~40Mpa.

In advance, the bottom discharge port 2 is closed, and the solid heat/cold storage medium 9 is filled into the high-pressure heat/cold storage device through the top feed port 11 to a predetermined height. Start the liquid pump of the cooling liquid, so that the cooling liquid enters the cooling/heating liquid layer 6 through the bottom cooling/heating liquid nozzle 14, and flows out from the top cooling/heating liquid nozzle 13 after the heat transfer is completed.

During heat storage, the high-temperature and high-pressure heat transfer medium enters through the top heat transfer medium nozzle 11 . After passing through the porous baffle plate 10 at the top, the heat transfer medium flows downward evenly, transferring high-temperature heat energy to the solid heat storage medium 9; at the same time, the heat transfer fluid is cooled and discharged through the heat transfer medium nozzle 2 at the bottom of the high-pressure heat storage device. When the discharge temperature of the heat transfer medium reaches a certain set temperature, it is considered that the heat energy has been fully stored, and the entry of the heat transfer medium is closed to end the heat storage.

When releasing heat, the high-pressure heat transfer medium enters through the heat transfer medium nozzle 2 at the bottom of the high-pressure heat storage device. After passing through the porous baffle plate 3 at the bottom, the heat transfer medium goes upward evenly, absorbing the heat of the solid heat storage medium 9; the temperature of the heat transfer fluid rises, and it is discharged through the heat transfer medium nozzle 11 at the top of the high-pressure heat storage device. When the discharge temperature of the heat transfer medium drops to a certain set temperature, it is considered that the heat energy has been released and the heat release ends.

When used as a high-pressure cold storage device for cold storage, the low-temperature and high-pressure heat transfer medium enters through the heat transfer medium nozzle 2 at the bottom of the high-pressure cold storage device. After passing through the porous baffle plate 3 at the bottom, the heat transfer medium flows upward evenly, transferring low-temperature cold energy to the solid heat storage medium 9; the temperature of the heat transfer fluid rises, and it is discharged from the heat transfer medium nozzle 11 at the top of the high-pressure cold storage device. When the discharge temperature of the heat transfer fluid drops to a certain set temperature, it is considered that the cold energy has been stored, and the cold storage ends.

When releasing cooling, the high-pressure heat transfer medium enters through the heat transfer medium nozzle 11 on the top of the high-pressure cold storage device. After passing through the spoiler 9 at the top nozzle, the heat transfer medium flows downward evenly to absorb the low-temperature cold energy of the solid cold storage medium 9; the temperature of the heat transfer fluid decreases and is discharged from the heat transfer medium nozzle 2 at the bottom of the high-pressure cold storage device . When the discharge temperature of the heat transfer medium rises to a certain set temperature, it is considered that the high-pressure cold storage device has been released, and the release of cooling is ended.

Example 2

As shown in Figure 2, it is Embodiment 2 of the high-pressure heat storage/cold storage device of the present invention. In this embodiment, the top feed port and the top heat transfer medium nozzle are different openings, and the bottom discharge port and the bottom heat transfer medium pipe Mouth has different openings. Among them, including base 1, bottom heat transfer medium nozzle 2, bottom porous baffle 3, inner shell support device 4, thick-walled outer shell 5, cooling/heating liquid layer 6, insulation layer 7, thin-walled inner shell 8, solid Heat storage/cold medium 9, top porous baffle 10, top heat transfer medium nozzle 11, pressure pipe 12, top feed inlet 15, top cooling/heating fluid nozzle 13, bottom cooling/heating fluid nozzle 14 , Bottom discharge port 16. One end of the pressure pipe 12 communicates with the top heat transfer medium nozzle 11 , and the other end communicates with the insulation layer 7 after passing through the thick-walled shell 5 and the cooling/heating liquid layer 6 .

In advance, the bottom discharge port 2 is closed, and the solid heat/cold storage medium 9 is filled into the high-pressure heat/cold storage device through the top feed port 11 to a predetermined height. Start the liquid pump of the cooling liquid, so that the cooling liquid enters the cooling/heating liquid layer 6 through the bottom cooling/heating liquid nozzle 14, and flows out from the top cooling/heating liquid nozzle 13 after the heat transfer is completed.

When used as a high-pressure heat storage device for heat storage, the high-temperature and high-pressure heat transfer medium enters through the top heat transfer medium nozzle 11 . After passing through the porous baffle plate 10 at the top, the heat transfer medium flows downward evenly, transferring high-temperature heat energy to the solid heat storage medium 9; at the same time, the heat transfer fluid is cooled and discharged from the heat transfer medium nozzle 3 at the bottom of the high-pressure heat storage device. When the discharge temperature of the heat transfer medium reaches a certain set temperature, it is considered that the heat energy has been fully stored, and the entry of the heat transfer medium is closed to end the heat storage.

When releasing heat, the high-pressure heat transfer medium enters through the heat transfer medium nozzle 2 at the bottom of the high-pressure heat storage device. After passing through the porous baffle plate 3 at the bottom, the heat transfer medium goes upward evenly, absorbing the heat of the solid heat storage medium 9; the temperature of the heat transfer fluid rises, and it is discharged from the heat transfer medium nozzle 11 at the top of the high-pressure heat storage device. When the discharge temperature of the heat transfer medium drops to a certain set temperature, it is considered that the heat energy has been released and the heat release ends.

When used as a high-pressure cold storage device for cold storage, the low-temperature and high-pressure heat transfer medium enters through the heat transfer medium nozzle 2 at the bottom of the high-pressure cold storage device. After passing through the porous baffle plate 3 at the bottom, the heat transfer medium flows upward evenly, transferring low-temperature cold energy to the solid cold storage medium 9; the temperature of the heat transfer fluid rises, and it is discharged from the heat transfer medium nozzle 11 at the top of the high-pressure cold storage device. When the discharge temperature of the heat transfer fluid drops to a certain set temperature, it is considered that the cold energy has been stored, and the cold storage ends.

When releasing cooling, the high-pressure heat transfer medium enters through the heat transfer medium nozzle 11 on the top of the high-pressure cold storage device. After passing through the spoiler 10 at the top nozzle, the heat transfer medium flows downward evenly to absorb the low-temperature cold energy of the solid cold storage medium 9; the temperature of the heat transfer fluid decreases and is discharged from the heat transfer medium nozzle 2 at the bottom of the high-pressure cold storage device . When the discharge temperature of the heat transfer medium rises to a certain set temperature, it is considered that the cold energy has been released, and the release of cooling is ended.

Example 3

As shown in Figure 3, it is Embodiment 3 of the high-pressure heat storage/cold storage device of the present invention, which is an improvement of Example 1. In this embodiment, heat exchange tubes/tubes are arranged vertically inside the high-pressure heat/cold storage device control. In the links of storage, release and heat preservation, high/low temperature heat transfer fluids of different pressures can pass through the heat exchange tubes/tube bundles to supplement heat/cold capacity for the internal heat storage/cold medium.

Among them, including base 1, bottom discharge port and bottom heat transfer medium nozzle 2, bottom cooling/heating liquid nozzle 14, bottom porous baffle 3, inner shell support device 4, thick-walled outer shell 5, cooling/heating liquid Layer 6, insulation layer 7, thin-walled inner shell 8, solid heat storage/cold medium 9, top porous baffle 10, top inlet and top heat transfer medium nozzle 11, pressure pipe 12, heat exchange tube/ Tube bundle top nozzle 19, top cooling/heating liquid nozzle 13, heat exchange tube/tube bundle 18, heat exchange tube/tube bundle bottom nozzle 17. One end of the pressure pipe 12 communicates with the top heat transfer medium nozzle 11 , and the other end communicates with the insulation layer 7 after passing through the thick-walled shell 5 and the cooling/heating liquid layer 6 .

The heat storage/cold process of the high-pressure heat storage/cold storage device is the same as that of Example 1.

When it is necessary to supplement heat for the internal heat storage medium of the high-pressure heat storage device, the additional heat transfer fluid enters the inside of the heat exchange tube/tube bundle 18 through the top nozzle 19 of the heat exchange tube/tube bundle, and transfers heat energy to the The internal solid heat storage medium 9 flows out through the nozzle 17 at the bottom of the heat exchange tube/tube bundle after the temperature drops.

When it is necessary to supplement the cooling capacity of the cold storage medium inside the high-pressure cold storage device, the additional heat transfer fluid enters the inside of the heat exchange tube/tube bundle 18 through the nozzle 17 at the bottom of the heat exchange tube/tube bundle, and transfers the cold energy through the wall of the heat exchange tube/tube bundle Transfer to the internal solid heat storage medium 9, and flow out through the top nozzle 19 of the heat exchange tube/tube bundle after the temperature rises.

The specific embodiments of the invention have been described in detail above, but they are only examples, and the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. For those skilled in the art, any equivalent modifications and substitutions to the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, equivalent changes and modifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (11)

1. A high-pressure heat storage/cold storage device, characterized in that the high-pressure heat storage/cold storage device sequentially includes a thick-walled outer shell, a cooling/heating liquid layer, an insulating layer, a thin-walled inner shell, and an inner The shell is filled with a solid heat storage medium, and an inner shell support device is provided between the inner shell and the outer shell; the wall thickness of the inner shell is less than 1/2 of the outer shell; the thermal insulation layer is a thermal insulation material with high porosity and low thermal conductivity, A pressure communication device is provided between the insulation layer and the inner shell, so that the internal pressure of the insulation layer and the inner shell communicates, and the thick-walled outer shell is a pressure vessel that withstands high internal pressure; the cooling/heating liquid layer contains multiple channels inside The sandwich structure, each channel is fed with circulating cooling/heating liquid, so that the inner surface of the outer shell pressure vessel can be cooled/heated, and the liquid pressure in the cooling/heating liquid layer is consistent with the internal pressure of the inner shell; fluid heat transfer The medium is in contact with the solid heat storage medium, and heat exchange occurs on the surface of the solid heat storage medium. 2. A high-pressure heat/cold storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that the high-pressure heat/cold storage device comprises at least one top feed port, at least one bottom discharge port, at least one top A heat transfer medium nozzle, at least one bottom heat transfer medium nozzle, at least one cooling/heating fluid top nozzle and a cooling/heating fluid bottom nozzle. 3. A high-pressure heat storage/cold storage device according to claim 2, characterized in that the top feed inlet and the top heat transfer medium nozzle of the high-pressure heat storage/cold storage device are the same opening, and the high-pressure The discharge port at the bottom of the heat storage/cold storage device and the heat transfer medium nozzle at the bottom are the same opening. 4. A high-pressure heat storage/cold storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cooling/heating liquid is one of water, ethanol, ethylene glycol, propanol or A mixture of at least two kinds, the circulating flow of the cooling/heating liquid is driven by a liquid pump, and its pressure is kept consistent with the internal pressure of the inner shell. 5. A high-pressure heat/cold storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the thin-walled inner shell of the high-pressure heat/cold storage device is made of metal material, and the thick-walled outer shell The material is metallic or non-metallic. 6. A high-pressure heat storage/cold storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the fluid heat transfer medium is liquid, gaseous or supercritical air, nitrogen, oxygen, helium One or a mixture of at least two of gas, hydrogen, methane, and water vapor. 7. A high-pressure heat storage/cold storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the solid heat storage medium is a granular material or a porous material, such as rock, ore, slag, concrete , refractory bricks, heat storage balls, metals, encapsulated phase change materials or a mixture of at least two. 8. A high-pressure heat storage/cold storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the insulation layer is one or more of rock wool, pearlescent sand, and glass fiber felt mixture. 9. A high-pressure heat storage/cold storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the pressure communication device is an opening provided on the wall surface of the inner shell or one end communicates with the insulation layer, The other end communicates with the pressure pipe of the inner shell, so that the pressure inside the heat preservation layer communicates with the inner shell to balance the pressure. 10. A high-pressure heat storage/cold storage device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, the support means of the inner shell support device is circular support or multi-point support, and the support material is Metal or non-metal materials with stable performance, low thermal conductivity and high compressive strength. 11. A high-pressure heat storage/cold storage device according to claim 9, characterized in that one end of the pressure passage communicates with the nozzle of the top heat transfer medium, and the other end passes through the thick-walled shell and the cooling/heating liquid After the layer, it is connected with the insulation layer.