CN103048629B

CN103048629B - Method and device for metering lithium battery electric quantity

Info

Publication number: CN103048629B
Application number: CN201310027548.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 谭磊
Original assignee: SG Micro Beijing Co Ltd
Current assignee: SG Micro Beijing Co Ltd
Priority date: 2013-01-24
Filing date: 2013-01-24
Publication date: 2015-07-22
Anticipated expiration: 2033-01-24
Also published as: CN103048629A

Abstract

The invention provides a method for metering the lithium battery electric quantity. The method for metering the lithium battery electric quantity comprises the following steps of: acquiring a battery voltage sequence sample; extracting a steady state battery voltage and the voltage change ratio corresponding to the steady state battery voltage from the battery voltage sequence sample; inquiring in a first three-dimensional storage space by taking the steady state battery voltage and the voltage change ratio as indexes, thereby obtaining the battery fully charge degree, wherein a first curve surface is stored in the first three-dimensional storage space, and is the corresponding relation curve surface of the steady state battery voltage, the battery steady state voltage change ratio and the battery fully charge degree. By applying the technical scheme provided by the invention, the metering method of lithium battery electric quantity is not the design based on the electric quantity integration of accumulative electric charge and discharge, does not need specific hardware support, is low in cost, consumes less electricity, and provides complete parameters oriented to the application requirements.

Description

The metering method of electric quantity of lithium battery and measuring apparatus

Technical field

The present invention relates to electronic applications, in particular to a kind of metering method and measuring apparatus of electric quantity of lithium battery.

Background technology

Voltameter is divided into the battery meter volume and electricity meter and application oriented battery applications voltameter that measure for battery according to application purpose.Namely start aging gradually after cell activation.The life-span of battery is only the expression declined to capacity, not directly perceived on the impact of an embody rule.Battery applications voltameter, from the user perspective of battery power supply system, is reflected in the voltameter of battery condition in application system.

The voltameter of current use mostly develops from battery meter volume and electricity meter, and voltameter itself is based on battery meter flow characteristic.The system level chip normally carrying microprocessor by one completes separately electricity calculating, independently carries out the functions such as timing, collection and calculating, the continuous data result of battery is supplied to host system.Above-mentioned continuous data structure requires to convert battery applications voltameter to according to the difference of application voltameter by host system.

Fig. 1 is the hardware construction schematic diagram of existing battery applications system.This circuit has multiple different segmentation or combination, in the prior art, the chips such as MAX17047 are single the integrated circuit comprising application specific processor and electricity and correlation measurement unit, and what mostly utilize in mobile phone is the voltage Segmented electrical gauge that application processor and ADC realize.Wherein, charging circuit unit refers in particular to part relevant with charging in the charging circuit of lithium ion or lithium ion polymer secondary cell.Battery circuit unit refers in particular to protection circuit and the equalizing circuit of lithium ion or lithium ion polymer secondary cell.The exclusive measuring unit of voltameter is used for the metering circuit of electric quantity metering.Host system is the external system that parasitic voltameter completes its software and hardware function and relies on.

Voltameter is divided into the voltameter based on electric quantity accumulation integral analysis, the voltameter based on battery terminal voltage time series analysis and the voltameter based on instant voltage measurement.Wherein, the application example based on the voltameter of electric quantity accumulation integral analysis is the BQ34Z100 product of TI company of TIX, and the application example based on the voltameter of battery terminal voltage time series analysis is the MAX17047 of MAXIM company.The algorithm of above voltameter has internal resistance track algorithm (the Impedance Tracking of TI ^tM, can with reference to open source information SLUA375 and SLYP086 of TI) and the model assessment algorithm (ModelGauge of MAXIM ^tMcan with reference to the open source information AN4799 of MAXIM and MAX17047 product data handbook), these voltameters all need the system level chip based on carrying microprocessor, strong to the dependence of hardware, hardware requirement is high, software and hardware association is strong, causes that power consumption is large, circuit cost is high.Based on the voltameter of voltage measurement i.e. the common voltage Segmented electrical gauge of mobile phone, simple for structure and do not rely on specific hardware configuration, but voltage Segmented electrical gauge only can provide schematic battery capacity indication, can not provide complete voltameter parameter estimation.

With the record analysis of electric charge discharge and recharge total amount, continuous voltage electric current record and only continuous voltage be recorded as the algorithm of basic data, software and hardware high to hardware requirement association is strong, causes that power consumption is large, cost is high, or self calibration state captures difficulty.

Metering for the electric quantity of lithium battery of prior art depends on accumulative charge/discharge electricity amount integral unit, and the problem that the power consumption of circuit cost height is large not yet proposes effective solution at present.

Summary of the invention

The present invention aims to provide a kind of metering method and measuring apparatus of electric quantity of lithium battery, depends on accumulative charge/discharge electricity amount integral unit problem to solve the metering of electric quantity of lithium battery in prior art.

To achieve these goals, according to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of metering method of electric quantity of lithium battery is provided.The metering method of this electric quantity of lithium battery comprises: obtain cell voltage sequence samples; Stable state cell voltage and voltage change ratio corresponding to stable state cell voltage is extracted from cell voltage sequence samples; Utilize stable state cell voltage and voltage change ratio to inquire about in the first three-dimensional storage space as index and draw corresponding battery full level, wherein, store first surface in first three-dimensional storage space, first surface is the corresponding relation curved surface of stable state cell voltage, battery steady state voltage rate of change, battery full level.

Further, from cell voltage sequence samples, extract stable state cell voltage comprise: the voltage data of rejecting the unjust point in cell voltage sequence, by the magnitude of voltage of the average voltage in interval predetermined amount of time centered by this unjust point as this unjust point; Stable state cell voltage is calculated based on cell voltage sequence after rejecting unjust point voltage data.

Further, the determining step of the unjust point in cell voltage sequence comprises: the mean value calculating the magnitude of voltage centered by the first voltage data point in the schedule time of interval, and calculate the magnitude of voltage of the first voltage data point and the difference of mean value, wherein the first voltage data point is the data point in cell voltage sequence samples; Judge whether difference exceeds predetermined threshold value, when difference is greater than predetermined threshold value, determine that the first voltage data point is unjust point.

Further, utilize stable state cell voltage and voltage change ratio in the first three-dimensional storage space, to inquire about corresponding battery full level as index after also comprise: calculate expection cruising time according to the loading condition of current discharge curve and expectation.

Further, comprise cruising time according to the loading condition calculating expection of current discharge curve and expectation: select electric discharge batten vector according to the loading condition of current discharge curve and expectation; Electric discharge batten vector is utilized to generate expection discharge curve; Utilize the corresponding relation of cell voltage and cell voltage rate of change in expection discharge curve to be calculated by the voltage drop value of neighboring voltage data point to expect cruising time.

Further, discharge to be expressed as steadying resistance electric discharge under batten vector comprises default loading condition, splines that constant-current discharge, invariable power discharge three kinds of electric discharge types.

Further, also comprise after calculate expection cruising time according to the loading condition of current discharge curve and expectation: the metric results exporting voltameter, this metric results comprises following at least one item: battery full level, expection cruising time.

Further, also comprised before the metric results exporting voltameter: carry out data modifier to metric results, the method for carrying out data decorations comprises following at least one: to the smoothing process of metric results, metric results carried out to dullness and modify, metric results carried out to good will and express modification.

Further, also comprised before acquisition cell voltage sequence samples: the battery status parameter that can provide in the application system at lithium battery place is provided, and utilize battery status parameter to carry out initialization to first surface, battery status parameter comprise following in one or more: external power supply state, charging circuit start mark, battery balanced mark, bearing power pattern, battery continuation state, constant current state mark, real time charging electric current, charging current sequence, temperature range mark, battery is full of mark, voltameter time, cell voltage sequence.

Further, also comprise after acquisition cell voltage sequence samples: utilize cell voltage sequence to calculate modified tone rate, using this modified tone rate as seed parameter; Seed parameter is used to carry out self calibration to first surface.

Further, use seed parameter to carry out self calibration to first surface and comprise: obtain the first surface stored in the first three-dimensional storage space, and using this first surface as bait curved surface; Use seed parameter to carry out the Fitting Calculation to bait curved surface, utilize the parameter value of bait curved surface on index position after the Fitting Calculation to generate new curved surface, using newly-generated curved surface as the first surface after self calibration.

Further, utilize cell voltage sequence to calculate modified tone rate to comprise: according to the trend of cell voltage sequence determination voltage up-down; Utilize straight line basis function to carry out matching to cell voltage sequence according to trend, obtain fitting a straight line basis function; Search to be connected in fitting a straight line basis function and occur the seed node of the point of sudden change as calibration modified tone rate; The magnitude of voltage of the straight line basis function of seed node both sides is utilized to calculate modified tone rate.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of measuring apparatus of electric quantity of lithium battery is provided.The measuring apparatus of this electric quantity of lithium battery comprises: contact potential series acquisition module, for obtaining cell voltage sequence samples; Steady state voltage extraction module, for extracting stable state cell voltage and voltage change ratio corresponding to stable state cell voltage from cell voltage sequence samples; Battery full level enquiry module, utilize stable state cell voltage and voltage change ratio in the first three-dimensional storage space, inquire about the battery full level drawing correspondence as index for battery electric quantity, wherein, store first surface in first three-dimensional storage space, first surface is the corresponding relation curved surface of stable state cell voltage, battery steady state voltage rate of change, battery full level.

Further, the measuring apparatus of this electric quantity of lithium battery also comprises: cruising time prediction module, for calculating expection cruising time according to the loading condition of current discharge curve and expectation.

Further, the measuring apparatus of this electric quantity of lithium battery also comprises: first surface initialization module, for determining the battery status parameter that can provide in the application system at lithium battery place, and utilize battery status parameter to carry out initialization to first surface, battery status parameter comprise following in one or more: external power supply state, charging circuit starts mark, battery balanced mark, bearing power pattern, battery continuation state, constant current state marks, real time charging electric current, charging current sequence, temperature range marks, battery is full of mark, the voltameter time, cell voltage sequence.

Further, the measuring apparatus of this electric quantity of lithium battery also comprises: first surface self calibration module, calculates modified tone rate, using this modified tone rate as seed parameter for utilizing cell voltage sequence; Seed parameter is used to carry out self calibration to first surface.

Apply technical scheme of the present invention, technical scheme of the present invention is the scheme based on stable state change voltage Vs, the voltage stable state rate of change dVs and electricity full level SOC relation normalizing to single battery.The program is using steady state voltage rate of change Vs as index, positive rate of change is designated as in battery steady state voltage rate of change dVs(electric discharge, be charged as negative rate of change), determine battery charging/discharging characteristic and parameter in the three dimensions Σ of battery stable state terminal voltage, battery full level SOC, it is the algorithm design based on host system computing power, be not based on accumulative charge/discharge electricity amount integration design, do not require specific hardware support, cost is low, power consumption is little, provides the parameter of complete facing to the applied demand.

Accompanying drawing explanation

The Figure of description forming a application's part is used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and schematic description and description of the present invention, for explaining the present invention, does not form inappropriate limitation of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is the hardware construction schematic diagram of existing battery applications system;

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the measuring apparatus of electric quantity of lithium battery according to the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the first three-dimensional storage space in the measuring apparatus according to the electric quantity of lithium battery of the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the graph of a relation of the first three-dimensional storage space first surface α and curve ε in the measuring apparatus according to the electric quantity of lithium battery of the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the relation curve of voltage change ratio that in the measuring apparatus according to electric quantity of lithium battery in the embodiment of the present invention, different loads characteristic is corresponding and battery full level SOC;

Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the metering method of electric quantity of lithium battery according to the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is the graph of a relation of modified tone rate vector and δ curved surface in the metering method according to the preferred electric quantity of lithium battery of the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 8 A is the schematic diagram that in the metering method according to the preferred electric quantity of lithium battery of the embodiment of the present invention, the first calculates modified tone rate;

Fig. 8 B is the schematic diagram that in the metering method according to the preferred electric quantity of lithium battery of the embodiment of the present invention, the second calculates modified tone rate;

Fig. 9 be in the metering method according to the preferred electric quantity of lithium battery of the embodiment of the present invention contact potential series and draw steady state voltage change schematic diagram;

Figure 10 is the schematic diagram utilizing expection discharge curve estimation cruising time in the metering method according to the preferred electric quantity of lithium battery of the embodiment of the present invention;

Figure 11 expresses close to good will during minimum operating voltage the schematic diagram modified in the computing method according to the preferred battery electric quantity of the embodiment of the present invention.

Embodiment

It should be noted that, when not conflicting, the embodiment in the application and the feature in embodiment can combine mutually.Below with reference to the accompanying drawings and describe the present invention in detail in conjunction with the embodiments.

Embodiments provide a kind of measuring apparatus of electric quantity of lithium battery, Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the measuring apparatus of electric quantity of lithium battery according to the embodiment of the present invention, the measuring apparatus of this electric quantity of lithium battery comprises: contact potential series acquisition module 21, for obtaining cell voltage sequence samples; Steady state voltage extraction module 23, for extracting stable state cell voltage and voltage change ratio corresponding to stable state cell voltage from cell voltage sequence samples; Battery full level enquiry module 25, stable state cell voltage and voltage change ratio is utilized in the first three-dimensional storage space, to inquire about corresponding battery full level as index for battery electric quantity, wherein, store first surface in first three-dimensional storage space, first surface is the corresponding relation curved surface of stable state cell voltage, battery steady state voltage rate of change, battery full level.

Above cell voltage sequence can be expressed as DStv [q] sequence, DStv(Data String of time and voltage) refer to timestamp, a battery terminal voltage sample data sequence taking q as index.This cell voltage is generated and buffer memory by voltameter correlation measurement unit, read by host system and splice generation, with the time series magnitude of voltage of timestamp.The fragment produced during this sequence is included in system works, the fragment produced after also can comprising system stalls.Battery full level (SOC, State of Charge) refer to that the chemical electricity of battery is sometime relative to the relative scale in fact having charge capacity, voltage stable state rate of change dVs with stable constant current to during battery charging and discharging through sufficiently long stable after, the rate of change of battery terminal voltage.

Technical scheme of the present invention is the scheme based on stable state change voltage Vs, the voltage stable state rate of change dVs and electricity full level SOC relation normalizing to single battery.The program is using steady state voltage rate of change Vs as index, positive rate of change is designated as in battery steady state voltage rate of change dVs(electric discharge, be charged as negative rate of change), determine battery charging/discharging characteristic and parameter in the three dimensions Σ of battery stable state terminal voltage, battery full level SOC, it is the algorithm design based on host system computing power, be not based on accumulative charge/discharge electricity amount integration design, do not require specific hardware support, cost is low, power consumption is little, provides the parameter of complete facing to the applied demand.

In above-mentioned first three-dimensional storage space Σ space, X-axis is voltage stable state rate of change (V/s), Y-axis represents electricity full level SOC(%), Z is battery terminal voltage (V), Fig. 3 is the relation curve ε of the schematic diagram of the first three-dimensional storage space in the measuring apparatus according to the electric quantity of lithium battery of the embodiment of the present invention, the curve wherein in ZY plane and static open-circuit voltage OCV and battery full state SOC; This curve is the standard feature data of lithium battery, has generally comprised the conventional situation often saving 4.1V and often save 4.2V maximum charging voltage and situation about improving according to the charging voltage that JEITA/BJA recommends.Stable state cell voltage during an application system discharge and recharge, corresponding SOC and voltage change ratio are expressed as first surface α in Σ space, then determine that this curved surface can obtain corresponding SOC from stable state cell voltage sometime and voltage change ratio.Static open-circuit voltage (OCV, Open CircuitVoltage) refers to the terminal voltage of battery after no-output leaves standstill a period of time., stabilization time relatively enough little in load long enough, thereafter in the enough little situation of inner terminal voltage change of certain hour, the terminal voltage of its battery can be considered to static open-circuit voltage.What is called is enough little is for the degree of accuracy of battery electric quantity metering.

The JEITA/BAJ concrete meaning occurred in Fig. 3 is: JEITA is NEC and infotech association, and BAJ is Japanese battery association; This Liang Ge mechanism is the employer's organization worldwide obtaining extensively accreditation.The use suggestion of these two tissues in August, 2007 issue is suggestion that is up-to-date, third party's issue; This suggestion includes the suggestion of charging with different maximum charging voltage within the scope of three different temperatures, and this has influence on the metering of the utilized electricity of battery.

Fig. 4 shows the relation of first surface α and curve ε, and curved surface Ε is the expansion in X direction of ε curve, α curved surface and its meld line in YZ plane and ε curve.Departing from the position of YZ plane, α curved surface is considered to the stretching, extension along Z-direction that Ε curved surface causes because of the change of load-modulate and battery DC internal resistance or compression.The mechanism that the DC internal resistance of load-modulate or battery does not all find to suddenly change, so α curve is the elastic registration of ε curve along YZ hatching line.α curved surface then can describe and generate whole curved surface with the scaling on sparse grid point in XY plane.As sparse grid VN [0] × VN [5] that XY plane in Fig. 4 is illustrated.The index point of this sparse grid on Y is chosen as the broken line end points VN [0] of ε curve; Index point set VN [5] in X-axis is then relevant with the velocity of discharge of battery, such as can the exemplary voltages decline rate corresponding when 3.8V when being 0.1C, 0.2C, 0.5C and 1C of Selection radio charging and discharging currents as index point, as 0.6mV, 1.2mV, 3mV and 6mV per minute.Wherein above-mentioned load-modulate refers in same battery full level SOC situation, the phenomenon that cell load difference causes battery terminal voltage different.

The step that steady state voltage extraction module 23 extracts stable state cell voltage from cell voltage sequence samples specifically can comprise: the voltage data of rejecting the unjust point in cell voltage sequence, by the magnitude of voltage of the average voltage in interval predetermined amount of time centered by this unjust point as this unjust point; Stable state cell voltage is calculated based on cell voltage sequence after rejecting unjust point voltage data.Wherein, the determining step of the unjust point in cell voltage sequence comprises: the mean value calculating the magnitude of voltage centered by the first voltage data point in the schedule time of interval, and calculate the magnitude of voltage of the first voltage data point and the difference of mean value, wherein the first voltage data point is the data point in cell voltage sequence samples; Judge whether difference exceeds predetermined threshold value, when difference is greater than predetermined threshold value, determine that the first voltage data point is unjust point.Above-mentioned predetermined threshold value can calculate as electricity and a part for data modifier parameter group is preset in the mode of input parameter.

Preferably, the measuring apparatus of the electric quantity of lithium battery of the present embodiment can also comprise: cruising time prediction module, for calculating expection cruising time according to the loading condition of current discharge curve and expectation.Specific works step of prediction module can be and selected electric discharge batten vector according to the loading condition of current discharge curve and expectation in cruising time this; Electric discharge batten vector is utilized to generate expection discharge curve; Utilize the corresponding relation of cell voltage and cell voltage rate of change in expection discharge curve to be calculated by the voltage drop value at consecutive number strong point to expect cruising time.Be expressed as steadying resistance electric discharge under above-mentioned electric discharge batten vector can comprise default loading condition, splines that constant-current discharge, invariable power discharge three kinds of electric discharge types.

The measuring apparatus of the electric quantity of lithium battery of embodiments of the invention is divided into the parallel connection of steady resistance, constant current and invariable power three types load, derive with 3 SPL of the relation of the battery terminal voltage voltage change ratio during electric discharge of each kinds of loads and static open-circuit voltage OCV voltage as discharge curve, then the actual Projective decomposition of discharge curve in XY plane is become the load characteristic expression to 3 battens.Fig. 5 is the relation curve according to voltage change ratio corresponding to different loads characteristic in the embodiment of the present invention and battery full level SOC, in the drawings, the velocity of discharge of steady resistance load is directly proportional to cell voltage, profile and the OCV-SOC curve of its rate of change of expressing in XY plane and the projection discharge curve CR of SOC are consistent, can be that axle turns clockwise 90 ° and obtains by OCV-SOC curve with Y.Rotate to XY plane after the projection SPL CC that Constant Current Load discharges is negated by the slope curve of OCV-SOC to obtain.The reciprocal multiplication of the projection splines that the projection splines CP that constant power load discharges is discharged by Constant Current Load and OCV-SOC curve derives.Compared with the corresponding linear stretch in X direction of heavy load, otherwise along X to Y-axis linear compression.

Carrying out load characteristic assessment needs hypothesis load characteristic to be stable in certain hour, longer and more stable sequence can be found in the contact potential series record DStv in the first three dimensions Σ space, the electric discharge batten vector Γ (P being expressed as 3 spliness is calculated after being projected to XY plane, C, R) [n], wherein n represents certain load change preset.Each Γ vector correspond to a center discharge curve υ under a kind of condition on α curved surface; Collection composition Υ (υ) discharge curve bunch of multiple υ curves that particular system has.

The implication of above parameter is specially: when CP curve discharges with invariable power, in the drop shadow curve of variation patterns in XY plane of the first three dimensions Σ space cell terminal voltage.When CC curve is with constant current discharge, the drop shadow curve of variation patterns in XY plane of battery terminal voltage in Σ space.When CR curve is with constant resistance discharge, the drop shadow curve of variation patterns in XY plane of battery terminal voltage in Σ space.υ curve, α curved surface does DStv [q] contact potential series the electric discharge track distribution center curve smoothly obtained; Express with the projection of its projection in XY plane and XZ plane and utilize.Υ (υ) discharge curve bunch is one group of υ curve that all records obtain in Ψ space.Γ (P, C, R) [n] batten vector is, by matching, Υ (υ) is expressed as the combination of CP, CR, CR curved basic function, expresses the batten of particular system electric discharge style.Γ batten vector is made up of at component coefficient P, C and the R at CP, CC and CR tri-basis functions it, relevant with the power mode discre value n of load system.

The measuring apparatus of the electric quantity of lithium battery of embodiments of the invention is all right after calculating expection cruising time: the metric results exporting voltameter, and this metric results comprises following at least one item: battery full level, expection cruising time.Can also comprise before the metric results exporting voltameter: data modifier is carried out to described metric results, described in carry out data decorations method comprise following at least one: to the smoothing process of described metric results, described metric results carried out to dullness and modifies, described metric results is carried out to good will and express modification.

The electrical parameter that the measuring apparatus of electric quantity of lithium battery exports in data because of load changing generation Rapid Variable Design, should should not occur and the change of charging, electric discharge trend is inconsistent simultaneously yet.Therefore close to when being full of and close to then needing coupled system other parts good will exaggerate and guard process during minimum operating voltage.For different output data under different states, can different moditied processing be carried out, moditied processing is generally divided into smoothly, dull, good will expresses and modify.

Wherein good will conservative estimation in order to ensure can have before system power failure is shut down sufficient time-triggered protocol on-the-spot and avoid client because expecting that too high impact uses, limited, to the downward that can utilize electricity.Good will is expressed and is referred to relatively can utilizing electricity, residue cruising time, occurring Rapid Variable Design along with the different maximum charging voltage of JEITA regulation and the change of system consumption intensity of battery, and these changes can cause that electricity is suddenly big or suddenly small causes user puzzled.Suitably ignore these Rapid Variable Design improve the sensation of client expression way and according to system load energy ezpenditure characteristic, the better electricity expression way of residue working time correlativity that electric quantity consumption is converted to similar energy ezpenditure, that experience with user.

Dull modification when Back Up appears in the battery electric quantity short time in i.e. charging or discharge process keeps electricity to show, temporarily do not show Back Up.Reverse may be charging or electric discharge short time interrupt time cell voltage recover, also may be that the error of voltameter algorithm causes.

Above-mentioned first surface α, need carry out initialization according to application system and carry out self calibration according to real time data, initialization is also called customization, is load according to system parameter selection partial software and produce the process of corresponding initialization value.Self-calibration process is system recalibrates oneself the voluntarily process outputting to the metering system output of reference according to predetermined condition.In this case, the measuring apparatus of the electric quantity of lithium battery of embodiments of the invention can also comprise: first surface initialization module, for determining the battery status parameter that can provide in the application system at lithium battery place, and utilize battery status parameter to carry out initialization to first surface, battery status parameter comprise following in one or more: external power supply state, charging circuit starts mark, battery balanced mark, bearing power pattern, battery continuation state, constant current state marks, real time charging electric current, charging current sequence, temperature range marks, battery is full of mark, the voltameter time, cell voltage sequence.First surface self calibration module, calculates modified tone rate, using this modified tone rate as seed parameter for utilizing cell voltage sequence; Seed parameter is used to carry out self calibration to first surface.

The specific works flow process of first surface self calibration module can be the first surface of storage in the three-dimensional storage space of acquisition first, and using this first surface as bait curved surface; Use seed parameter to carry out the Fitting Calculation to bait curved surface, utilize the parameter value of bait curved surface on index position after the Fitting Calculation to generate new curved surface, using newly-generated curved surface as the first surface after self calibration.Wherein utilize cell voltage sequence to calculate modified tone rate can comprise: according to the trend of cell voltage sequence determination voltage up-down; Utilize straight line basis function to carry out matching to cell voltage sequence according to trend, obtain fitting a straight line basis function; Search to be connected in fitting a straight line basis function and occur the seed node of the point of sudden change as calibration modified tone rate; The magnitude of voltage of the straight line basis function of seed node both sides is utilized to calculate modified tone rate.

Under above-mentioned modified tone rate refers to the degree SOC situation be full of at specific battery, during steady and continuous discharge and recharge cell voltage comprise a voltage stable state rate of change relevant with charge-discharge velocity relevant with this rate of change, change relative to the translation of static open-circuit voltage OCV.The ratio of this translation change and voltage stable state rate of change and modified tone rate.Modified tone rate reflects the summation modulation effect that charge specific capacity, specific discharge capacity and battery DC internal resistance produce.

The present invention uses the proportionate relationship of voltage difference and the voltage change ratio dVs that the point on modified tone rate ci and di describing Z direction on Ε curved surface and α curved surface are put to carry out reflected load and modulates, in Σ space, ci [x, y] represent charging modified tone rate, for index space with X and Y, in the charging modified tone rate value that [x, y] puts.Ci is exactly the abbreviation of charging intercept.Cdt [x, y] represents charging rate, is with X and Y for index space, in the charging rate value that [x, y] puts.Cdt is exactly the abbreviation of charging dump time.Di [x, y] represents electric discharge modified tone rate, is with X and Y for index space, in the electric discharge modified tone rate value that [x, y] puts.Di is the abbreviation of discharging intercept.Ddt [x, y] represents discharge time constant, is with X and Y for index space, in the discharge time constant value that [x, y] puts.The abbreviation of ddt and discharging dump time.On modified tone rate ci and di and time constant cdt and ddt and certain net point, effective alignment time of these parameters is organized into a vector, revises vector curved surface δ being formed in this vector expression to Σ space.δ vector curved surface is with the value record on sparse grid index point and expression.The difference of the voltage of α curved surface and the voltage of Ε curved surface is obtained by the modified tone rate component of δ curved surface and voltage change ratio dVs dot product.During system initialization, the method for acquiescence generates a δ vector curved surface, then utilizes the sub-states parameter obtained in work to revise this curved surface.This correction is carried out according to the continuous iteration of certain time interval; During the old curved surface of the new sub-states parameter modification of each utilization, old curved surface, as bait curved surface β, is used for generating new δ curved surface.

The embodiment of the present invention additionally provides a kind of metering method of electric quantity of lithium battery, the measuring apparatus of any one electric quantity of lithium battery that the metering method of this electric quantity of lithium battery can be provided by the above embodiment of the present invention performs, and, the metering method of this electric quantity of lithium battery can be applied to the voltameter comprising above measuring apparatus, Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of the metering method of electric quantity of lithium battery according to the embodiment of the present invention, this metering method specifically comprises: step S61, obtains cell voltage sequence samples; Step S63, extracts stable state cell voltage and voltage change ratio corresponding to stable state cell voltage from cell voltage sequence samples; Step S65, stable state cell voltage and voltage change ratio is utilized in the first three-dimensional storage space, to inquire about corresponding battery full level as index, wherein, store first surface in first three-dimensional storage space, first surface is the corresponding relation curved surface of stable state cell voltage, battery steady state voltage rate of change, battery full level.

Preferably, from cell voltage sequence samples, extract stable state cell voltage in step S61 specifically can comprise: the voltage data of rejecting the unjust point in cell voltage sequence, by the magnitude of voltage of the average voltage in interval predetermined amount of time centered by this unjust point as this unjust point; Stable state cell voltage is calculated based on cell voltage sequence after rejecting unjust point voltage data.Wherein, the determining step of the unjust point in cell voltage sequence comprises: the mean value calculating the magnitude of voltage centered by the first voltage data point in the schedule time of interval, and calculate the magnitude of voltage of the first voltage data point and the difference of mean value, wherein the first voltage data point is the data point in cell voltage sequence samples; Judge whether difference exceeds predetermined threshold value, when difference is greater than predetermined threshold value, determine that the first voltage data point is unjust point.

In order to determine that battery is expected cruising time in application system, can also comprise after step S65: the loading condition calculating according to current discharge curve and expectation is expected cruising time.Calculate expection specifically can comprise cruising time: select electric discharge batten vector according to the loading condition of current discharge curve and expectation; Electric discharge batten vector is utilized to generate expection discharge curve; Utilize the corresponding relation of cell voltage and cell voltage rate of change in expection discharge curve to be calculated by the voltage drop value at consecutive number strong point to expect cruising time.Wherein discharge to be expressed as steadying resistance electric discharge under batten vector comprises default loading condition, splines that constant-current discharge, invariable power discharge three kinds of electric discharge types.Also comprise after calculate expection cruising time according to the loading condition of current discharge curve and expectation: the metric results exporting voltameter, this metric results comprises following at least one item: battery full level, expection cruising time.

Result of calculation in order to ensure electricity more can meet the impression of user, can also comprise before the metric results exporting voltameter: carry out data modifier to metric results, the method for carrying out data decorations comprises following at least one: to the smoothing process of metric results, metric results carried out to dullness and modify, metric results carried out to good will and express modification.

The customization of above first surface and self-calibration process can carry out as following step: can also comprise before step S61: determine the battery status parameter that can provide in the application system at lithium battery place, and utilize battery status parameter to carry out initialization to first surface, battery status parameter comprise following in one or more: external power supply state, charging circuit starts mark, battery balanced mark, bearing power pattern, battery continuation state, constant current state marks, real time charging electric current, charging current sequence, temperature range marks, battery is full of mark, the voltameter time, cell voltage sequence.Can also comprise after step S61: utilize cell voltage sequence to calculate modified tone rate, using this modified tone rate as seed parameter; Seed parameter is used to carry out self calibration to first surface.Wherein, use seed parameter to carry out self calibration to first surface and comprise: obtain the first surface stored in the first three-dimensional storage space, and using this first surface as bait curved surface; Use seed parameter to carry out the Fitting Calculation to bait curved surface, utilize the parameter value of bait curved surface on index position after the Fitting Calculation to generate new curved surface, using newly-generated curved surface as the first surface after self calibration.Utilize cell voltage sequence to calculate modified tone rate to comprise: according to the trend of cell voltage sequence determination voltage up-down; Utilize straight line basis function to carry out matching to cell voltage sequence according to trend, obtain fitting a straight line basis function; Search to be connected in fitting a straight line basis function and occur the seed node of the point of sudden change as calibration modified tone rate; The magnitude of voltage of the straight line basis function of seed node both sides is utilized to calculate modified tone rate.

Below the most preferred mode of the one of the present embodiment metering method is described: the metering method of this preferred electric quantity of lithium battery can be applied in hardware configuration as described in Figure 1, but be not limited to above-mentioned physical arrangement, be only the sample data source coordinated in this metering method.First with forms mode, the parameter used in this metering method, input data, output data are described:

The data sample that may use in the metering method of this preferred embodiment of table 1. and source and Scalability energy

In Table 1, the implication representated by each parameter is as follows:

EXPWR [opening or closing], is generated by the path clustering part in charging circuit unit, and whether mark charging circuit starts.This mark and CHG reflect three configurations of charge path jointly, namely when external power supply can with and live through be charged to be full of after battery whether keep and the connecting of load, whether depart from completely or depart from but battery participates in supplementing Partial Power when the power demand happened suddenly occurs.This marks whether can the path-dependent that adopts of cutting and a concrete system.

CHG [opening or closing], marks current whether being in charging process, is generated by charging circuit unit.Concrete function can see the above-mentioned explanation to EXPWR.

BB [equilibrium starts or do not start], is generated by the battery balanced part of battery circuit unit, and mark battery equalizing circuit at work.This mark can cutting.When not using this to mark, the impact of equalizing circuit power transmission efficiency will be reflected in electricity recurrence rate CRR [q], affects Cell Performance Evaluation.

PWRMOD [n] value, is generated by voltameter host system or is collected, marks the different capacity pattern of institute's load system.This sample can cutting.PWRMOD [n] at least comprises the pattern PWRMOD [0] of a system stalls or the dormancy power mode relevant with some functions with enabling.If do not provide the value that recognition system quits work pattern, voltameter correlation measurement unit directly can be closed by host system, but unit cannot enter autonomous, after system stopping battery voltage measurement pattern; Or be not closed, voltameter correlation measurement unit is understood maintenance work and loses a kind of mode of operation reducing power consumption.If the value identifying mode of operation can not be provided, cruising time is estimated in impact.

BD [] battery detecting state, the convenient continuity checking battery.Wherein BD [0] is a latch mode, represent to occur being reset from last time battery detecting less than state; BD [1] is immediate status, namely represents whether can battery be detected at that time.

CC [constant current or non-constant current], is generated by the live part of charging circuit unit, marks current whether being in constant current process.This mark is consistent with the effect of DSti [q], utilizes CC to generate DSti [q] when directly not providing DSti [q].Limiting some chargers by conditions such as input voltages can only at part-time with constant current output, even if or charging circuit output constant current but the electric current entering battery only has part-time to be this constant current.This mark can cutting.If CC, DSti [q] can not provide, when can not adopt default value, the output relevant with electricity value be will cannot provide, residue chemical electricity Qc, chemical capacity Qcv, residue available power Qa and active volume Qav comprised.

Icc [n] value, is generated by live part in charging circuit unit, and is interpreted as the value of current unit by voltameter host system, i.e. charging current at that time.Similar with CC cutting, when there is not the time of constant-current charge, need to utilize Icc to generate DSti [q].If the electric current I cc that charger provides only has part to flow into battery, then the current change quantity of the inflow battery needing generation one to determine; This change can be controlled voluntarily by charging circuit and be read by voltameter algorithm routine or control this electric current by voltameter conversely.

DSti [q] sequence, charging current time series.Produced by charging circuit unit live part or generated by voltameter host system according to CC, Icc [n] parameter.This mark can cutting, and its cutting affects the self-adaptative adjustment of algorithm; If CC, DSti [q] can not provide, when can not adopt default value, this calculation will cannot provide the output relevant with electricity value, comprises residue chemical electricity Qc, chemical capacity Qcv, residue available power Qa and active volume Qav.

TRANGE value, is generated by battery circuit unit, and mark current battery temperature is in which temperature range of JEITA/BJA suggestion.This mark can cutting.This state indefinite then cannot utilize battery maximum charging voltage to calibrate voltameter voltage.

BFULL marks, and is generated by the live part of charging circuit unit, and mark battery is full of.This mark can cutting.When this can not be provided to mark, carry out good will expression modification, good will conservative estimation modification and dull modification even if also need to continue to monitor battery terminal voltage after battery is full of and only change according to cell voltage.

The T voltameter time.The time that voltameter circuit utilizes when independently performing Timing Data Acquisition, need to be calibrated to system time.Or, if voltameter does not have oneself time and timing, utilize system time and timing.

DStv [q] sequence, is generated and buffer memory by voltameter correlation measurement unit, read by voltameter host system and splice generation, with the time series magnitude of voltage of timestamp.The fragment produced during this sequence is included in system works, the fragment produced after also comprising system stalls.DStv fragment wherein after system stalls can cutting.Do not provide during this fragment and then cannot carry out self calibration in the simplest mode; The cycle of calibrating is subject to the impact that sub-states is captured, thus the convergence that impact calculates.

FG marks, and illustrates that voltameter is in work.This is an implicit state, is sightless to voltameter itself.

Data and brief description thereof is inputted in the metering method of this preferred embodiment of table 2.

In table 2, the implication representated by each parameter is as follows:

The meaning of VFULL [0,1,2,3] vector is respectively: VFULL [0] can not be confirmed whether the default value adopted when adopting JEITA/BJA to expand voltage charging.The charging voltage value of VFULL [1] when TRAGNGE=1 is the charging voltage in chargeable low temperature range and confirmation does not adopt JEITA/BJA expansion voltage to charge.VFULL [2] is the charging voltage in the temperature range of chargeable suitable expansion at TRAGNGE=2.VFULL [3] is the charging voltage in chargeable high temperature range at TRAGNGE=3.

VOFF [1,2,3 ..., n] and vector, the minimum operating voltage of the different PWRMOD in corresponding particular system.

Qcvn is the nominal chemical capacity of current employing battery.

VN [] vector set, i.e. ε curve, CPP curve, CCP curve, CRP curve and index sparse grid point set.This group parameter is the mapping of OCV-SOC curve in the Σ space of particular system.Wherein: the ε curve that the extremity of segment point set that VN [0], VN [1] are broken line process is expressed, i.e. OCV-SOC empirical relationship curve.Wherein VN [0] is SOC point set, and VN [1] is OCV point set.VN [2] CPP curve, constant power load SPL; This curve utilizes the direct derivation of ε curve to go out.VN [3] CCP curve, constant power load SPL; This curve utilizes the direct derivation of ε curve to go out.VN [4] CRP curve, constant power load SPL; This curve utilizes the direct derivation of ε curve to go out.The index point set of VN [5] on modified tone rate axle, forms the sparse grid index point set SMSH storing corrected parameter together with VN [0].

PI [0,1] is self calibration interval time, concrete meaning respectively: PI [0] the self-alignment cycle, namely system works how long after has a go at a self calibration.PI [1] carries out the interval time of retry when can not complete self calibration.The time reviewed forward during PI [2] self calibration, the data before how long namely can adopting carry out self calibration.

Q [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7] is electricity meter data process parameter, concrete meaning respectively: Q [0] electricity and modify the data sequence calculated and review the time, namely calculates electrical parameter desired historical data and how long wants rollback.Q [1] discharge and recharge history review the time, namely intend record how long historical situation; This value must be greater than PI [2].Q [2] records the storage space restriction of discharge and recharge history; This value needs to be greater than the needs that Q [1] regulation reviews the time.The timeslice that when Q [3] confirms that battery current suddenlys change, this sudden change will continue.Q [4] identifies the thresholding of starting at deviation and cell voltage ANOMALOUS VARIATIONS that minimum voltage changes, single-point is unjust suddenling change and should have.These 3 values are independently but close logically, from no longer independent processing for the purpose of simplification.The change of the mean value that so-called identification suddenlys change in minimum change and continuous print two Q [3] timeslices is greater than this value, be then identified as and once suddenly change; If what is called is started at deviation and namely rejected as unjust data, then this value is at least greater than this value; Namely so-called ANOMALOUS VARIATIONS thresholding judges whether changed the criterion of different battery when voltameter does not work, and is judge one of discontinuous method of battery status.It is minimum than charging and discharging currents change with single-point is unjust starts at deviation that Q [5] identifies that load changing needs.Q [6] data export the smoothingtime adopted.The pressure reduction of stable state change voltage and minimum voltage when Q [7] judges to approach minimum voltage.

Tq is the time interval of record DStv and DSti, and Tq/2 is also as the critical deviation starting clock alignment simultaneously, if namely deviation voltameter clock and system clock deviation are greater than this value, start clock alignment event.

Tave is the widow time that voltage and current sample is averaged.

The interval time that Td [0,1] estimates for battery capacity and retry time.

CRR0 [] is the default value of segmentation electric charge recurrence rate, comprises its segmentation voltage and CRR value.

Ci0 is charging modified tone rate initialization default value.

Cdt0 is charging constant initialization default value stabilization time.

Di0 is electric discharge modified tone rate initialization default value.

Ddt0 is discharge time constant initialization default value.

QDR is static self-discharge rate; Namely voltameter is in the self-discharge rate that in do not work low-power consumption or off-mode, system, battery table reveals.

This optimization algorithm output parameter can comprise electrical parameter, cell evaluation parameter, voltameter state parameter, load condition parameter 4 groups of voltameter correlation parameters and 4 usual amounts that comparatively may be utilized, can in table 3.

Data and brief description thereof is exported in the metering method of this preferred embodiment of table 3.

In table 3, electrical parameter comprises: Qc value and good will thereof express aQc, measures and the residue of the battery calculated chemistry electricity and modified good will expression value.Qcr value and good will thereof express aQcr, measure and the relative chemical electricity of the remaining power calculated and modified good will expression value.Qcv value and good will thereof express aQcv, measure and the battery chemistries charge capacity calculated and good will expression thereof.Qa value and good will thereof express aQa, measure and the residue available power calculated and modified good will expression value.Qar value and good will thereof express aQar, measure and the relative surplus available power calculated and modified good will expression value.Qav value and good will thereof express aQav, measure and the available power capacity calculated and modified good will expression value.Ta value and good will thereof express aTa, measure and estimate the cruising time calculated and modified good will expression value.Tav value, the available power expressed with cruising time; This parameter adopts modified good will expression value.

Cell evaluation parameter comprises: CRR [n] vector, and segmentation electric charge recurrence rate treats self-alignment currency.Ci value, charging modified tone rate currency.Cdt value, charging constant currency stabilization time.Di value, electric discharge modified tone rate currency.Ddt value, discharge time constant currency.And 3 capacity parameters aQcv, aQav and Tav in electrical parameter.

Voltameter state parameter comprises: BSU marks, the mark that instruction present battery status is not clear; Namely the data that voltameter algorithm does not continue can utilize or the deviation of current data and former data exceeds predetermined limit.State change event timestamp sequence; The i.e. sequence of the time that cell operating status changes in a system.Initialization and self calibration event time.

Load condition parameter comprises: Γ (P, C, R) [n] vector, current employing, corresponding different loads power mode PWRMOD, the load curve decomposed in Σ space on CPP, CCP and CRP tri-curves.

Usual amounts comprises: DStv [] i.e. voltameter collection and the contact potential series after calibrating.DSti [] i.e. voltameter collection and the current sequence after calibrating.The stable state change voltage that Vs and voltameter calculate from DStv [].The static open-circuit voltage that OCV and voltameter calculate from DStv [].

The metering method of this preferred embodiment can be subdivided into 6 different parts, i.e. the process of customization, on-the-spot initialization, sample data, electrical parameter, good will express process and iteration self calibration.

Customization refer to produce corresponding particular system algorithm cutting, determine initialization default value and determine the learning process of default value parameter.Specifically comprise following flow process:

Customization step 1, determines the data that have in concrete system listed by which table 1 and how to obtain these data;

Customization step 2, set up the customization default value of parameter listed by table 2 and these parameters which need respectively new on-the-spot initialization and reentry on-the-spot initialized time reset, and new on-the-spot initialized time whether comprise learning process, confirm which parameter;

Customization step 3, the calibration event of determined voltameter effective status and customization is customized according to above-mentioned two steps, determine state in this specific system and total number of events and expression thereof, and determine which parameter that can obtain in table 3 and export which parameter.

Wherein, for customization step 1, the 1st in table 1 to the 8th is used for determining how to produce the state of electricity in respect of recorded value.These states can see table 4.

This preferred metering method does not require to possess these all states in a concrete system, and there is correlativity in these data samples, such as CHG=1, the i.e. implicit condition comprising BD [0]=1 and EXPWR=1 of state in charging, CC state is the implicit condition comprising CHG=1 further.According to particular system, namely this part customization determines how this system knows the state of discharge and recharge, then determine how to record these states.

Charging and discharging state combination table in the metering method of this preferred embodiment of table 4.

In table 1, whether the 5th BD can absolutely prove that battery is not changed i.e. battery status and do not continued.If can not absolutely prove, customization needs comprise inspection DStv sequence, identify the part of the replacing of battery.In table 1, the 6th to the 8th customizes the way that whether can produce DSti and generation.In table 1, the 9th and the 10th then determines how to produce voltameter voltage reference, be namely be calibrated to charger cell voltage or turn around, and to calibrate under which kind of condition.Base when how the situation customization of the 11st produces voltameter in table 1, namely whether voltameter time calibration to system time or turn around, and how to calibrate.System whether is had to enter the generation way of the change in voltage record after low-power consumption and DStv according to the 12nd and the 13rd customization in table 1.

The acting as to set up of customization step 2 normalizes to β curved surface and the δ vector curved surface of single battery, and all parameter consolidations are to the resolution expressed with system value.

On-the-spot initialization, comprises new on-the-spot initialization and on-the-spot initialization of reentrying.New startup is on-the-spot or when distinguishing that battery status does not continue, reset the time of new battery status, his-and-hers watches 2 customize selection project carry out initialization and be new on-the-spot initialization.If battery status continuity, then carry out institute's customization project in his-and-hers watches 2 and to carry out reentrying on-the-spot initialization and check whether and need to carry out clock alignment.

Sample data comprises Sample Data Collection, pre-service, screening and rejecting.Read the data sequence that interlock circuit buffering measured by voltameter, check whether it is DStv/ or DStv of current record and the continuity of DSti, generate in inner space or be spliced into the seasonal effect in time series process comprising state change and DStv/ or DStv and DSti, and the sequence unloading exceeding the time of reviewing is entered the process that external data space is Ψ.The original data sequence that the hardware collecting which and a how pre-service concrete system produces also produces electricity and calculates and need sample data to be determined by customization procedure.Such as how to produce the BD [0] that once departed from of mark battery, how generation current sample sequence and the contact potential series whether hardware produced or contact potential series and current sequence pre-service, screening and rejecting.

It is utilize the genial expectation of existing voltameter argument sequence to reach process that value sequence produces new good will expression value that good will expresses process.

Iteration self calibration be inspection record qualified sample, capture sub-states, then utilize sub-states, using current α curved surface as β curved surface, calculate the process of α curved surface used after generating.

The metering method of this preferred embodiment, introduces the proportionate relationship of voltage difference and the voltage change ratio dVs that point on modified tone rate ci and di describing Z direction on Ε curved surface and α curved surface are put, and carrys out reflected load modulation.On modified tone rate ci and di and time constant cdt and ddt and certain net point, effective alignment time of these parameters is organized into a vector, revises vector curved surface δ being formed in this vector expression to Σ space.δ vector curved surface is with the value record on sparse grid index point and expression.The difference of the voltage of α curved surface and the voltage of Ε curved surface is obtained by the modified tone rate component of δ curved surface and voltage change ratio dVs dot product.During system initialization, the method for acquiescence generates a δ vector curved surface, then utilizes the sub-states parameter obtained in work to revise this curved surface.This correction is carried out according to the continuous iteration of certain time interval; During the old curved surface of the new sub-states parameter modification of each utilization, old curved surface, as bait curved surface β, is used for generating new δ curved surface.

The metering method of this preferred electric quantity of lithium battery is as a method towards complicated applications scene, and realize having multiple option and transactional process, its method comprises following content:

1. calculate the method for relative chemical electricity;

2. relative electricity is demarcated as the method for electricity;

3. method for self-calibrating;

4. Data Collection, screening and rejecting, extracts the method for stable state changing unit from voltage records series DStv;

5. the expression of load characteristic;

6. estimate the method for continuation of the journey;

7. electricity exports the method for modifying of data;

8. battery applications method of evaluating characteristic.

Wherein front 3 square ratio juris all change a kind of expressional scheme of voltage Vs, steady state voltage rate of change and electricity full level SOC relation based on the stable state normalizing to single battery; All the other disposal routes are in the extension utilization of this scheme basic data or naturalization.This expressional scheme is namely using steady state voltage rate of change as index, be designated as positive rate of change in battery steady state voltage rate of change dVs(electric discharge, be charged as negative rate of change) express the scheme of battery charging/discharging characteristic and parameter in the three dimensions Σ of-battery stable state terminal voltage-battery full level SOC.As shown in Figure 3, the relation curve ε of the curve in three dimensions Σ in ZY plane and static open-circuit voltage OCV and battery full state SOC; This curve is the standard feature data of lithium battery, includes the conventional situation often saving 4.1V and often save 4.2V maximum charging voltage and situation about improving according to the charging voltage that JEITA/BJA recommends.

Utilize three-dimensional storage space Σ that a stable state cell voltage during application system discharge and recharge, corresponding SOC and voltage change ratio are expressed as a curved surface α in Σ space, then determine that this curved surface can obtain corresponding SOC from stable state cell voltage sometime and voltage change ratio.

Fig. 4 describes the relation of the expression of α curved surface and itself and ε curve.Curved surface Ε is the expansion in X direction of ε curve, α curved surface and its meld line in YZ plane and ε curve.Departing from the position of YZ plane, α curved surface is considered to the stretching, extension along Z-direction that Ε curved surface causes because of the change of load-modulate and battery DC internal resistance or compression.The mechanism that the DC internal resistance of load-modulate or battery does not all find to suddenly change, so α curve is the elastic registration of ε curve along YZ hatching line.α curved surface then can describe and generate whole curved surface with the scaling on sparse grid point in XY plane, as sparse grid VN [0] × VN [5] that XY plane in Fig. 3 is illustrated.The index point of this sparse grid on Y is chosen as the broken line end points VN [0] of ε curve; Index point set VN [5] in X-axis is then relevant with the velocity of discharge of battery, such as can the exemplary voltages decline rate corresponding when 3.8V when being 0.1C, 0.2C, 0.5C and 1C of Selection radio charging and discharging currents as index point, as 0.6mV, 1.2mV, 3mV and 6mV per minute.

Fig. 7 shows the bent relation of plane of modified tone rate vector and δ in the metering method of preferred electric quantity of lithium battery, and wherein δ curved surface is an intermediate variable, and curved surface is expressed in the signal of the one group of vector being index with X and Y (namely δ vector) below in Σ space.This δ vector is made up of multiple component, cannot express with single curved surface.This method for optimizing introduces the proportionate relationship of voltage difference and the voltage change ratio dVs that point on modified tone rate ci and di describing Z direction on Ε curved surface and α curved surface are put, and carrys out reflected load modulation.On modified tone rate ci and di and time constant cdt and ddt and certain net point, effective alignment time of these parameters is organized into a vector, revises vector curved surface δ being formed in this vector expression to Σ space.δ vector curved surface is with the value record on sparse grid index point and expression.The difference of the voltage of α curved surface and the voltage of Ε curved surface is obtained by the modified tone rate component of δ curved surface and voltage change ratio dVs dot product.During system initialization, the method for acquiescence generates a δ vector curved surface, then utilizes the sub-states parameter obtained in work to revise this curved surface.This correction is carried out according to the continuous iteration of certain time interval; During the old curved surface of the new sub-states parameter modification of each utilization, old curved surface, as bait curved surface β, is used for generating new δ curved surface.

Below in conjunction with above-mentioned base case, said method is further described:

1, the method for relative chemical electricity is calculated

The voltage change ratio of stable state changing unit and correspondence thereof is extracted from the cell voltage sequence samples DStv obtained.These two data are utilized directly to obtain relative chemical electricity SOC at Σ space querying as index.

2. relative electricity is demarcated as the method for electricity

The method needs DSti data sample.The integral and calculating of DSTi is obtained to the charge capacity in this section in the section that corresponding electricity recurrence rate CRR is higher, then utilize the relative chemical electric quantity change chemistry electricity of this electricity and corresponding section.The factor affecting electricity recurrence rate except battery aging, than except the natural cause such as voltage range of charging and discharging currents, discharge and recharge, whether having carried out battery balanced operation is known external factor.

3. method for self-calibrating

Namely self calibration finds the sequence meeting certain specification in the charging and discharging state historical record in Ψ space duration Q [1], from the parameter of these sequences calculate modified tone rate and/or discharge and recharge time constant as seed, utilize old δ curved surface as bait curved surface β, generate new δ curved surface.That preserve in Ψ space is change in voltage sequence fragment DStv that nearest a period of time records, that filter out and/or curent change sequence fragment DSti, and state transformation period.The seed parameter obtained might not, on the index point of the sparse grid shown in Fig. 4, therefore need to utilize seed matching β curved surface, then utilize the parameter value of β curved surface generation on index position to generate new δ curved surface.In most cases new δ curved surface was participated in generating by former δ curved surface, makes self calibration become an iterative process.

Namely so-called seed classifies according to the charging and discharging state of table 4, has two generic sequence fragments from a clear state to another clear state of current break.During charging and discharging currents sudden change, the chemical equilibrium process of battery shows as a motional impedance, and namely an ideal battery DC impedance of connecting has the in parallel of the electric capacity of certain internal resistance with one.State its lifting trend clear and definite first by each fragment during calculating, utilizes straight line basis function and base index Function Fitting by its trend, obtains two minimum basis function components of error with least square method.The time constant of this base index function and the charging of this film or discharge time constant cdt or ddt.The seed node of situation as calibration discharge and recharge modified tone rate ci, di of the sudden change occurring the straight line basis function be connected is found in continuous print fragment

Fig. 8 A and Fig. 8 B shows the computation process of modified tone rate respectively with two kinds of Spike trains, wherein Fig. 8 A shows the sequence started from very lower powered state, and so-called very low implication is that steady state voltage value can be used as OCV use close to OCV value.Utilize the seed node shown in Fig. 8 A that formula F 1 below can be utilized to calculate modified tone rate p(and represent modified tone rate with p herein, expression is charging modified tone rate ci or electric discharge modified tone rate di):

Formula F 1:p=(V11-V01)/S1

Fig. 8 B is the corresponding seed node that once suddenlys change when occurring in the electric discharge of lasting larger current, and now computing formula is formula F 2:

Formula F 2:p=(V13-V03)/(S4-S3)

In above formula F 1 and formula F 2, S1, S3 and S4 are respectively the index of front and back fragment X-coordinate in Σ space, and p is recorded to the position of S value.

Carry out calibrating with to start type relevant to δ vector curved surface.If on-the-spot initialization then utilizes the parameter obtained replace whole default value and regenerate α curved surface immediately; If reenter startup then according to the seed node data that calibration or retry period inspection accumulate, determine δ curved surface local alignment or general calibration.Wherein, on-the-spot initialization starts to refer to and comprises complete predetermined condition with physical condition matching degree verify, reference data calibration and unified, and study produces the process of the parameter of utilization immediately.Reentering to start refers to reduce taking system resource, towards regular task, the startup that only needs partial condition to verify.

The general not corresponding δ vector of the index position of seed node is at the index position of Σ space expression, and carrying out each direction that general calibration needs obtain at least XY key plan has two seed parameter.Smooth connection is done to these seeds, such as, utilizes β-spline smooth connection seed to obtain the smooth surface of each component of δ vector, then utilize difference generation at the δ vector of individual expression index position.Old α curved surface is converted to β curved surface, utilizes δ vector dot product Ε curved surface to obtain new α curved surface, completes comprehensive self calibration.

Namely battery capacity calibration calculates the actual electricity flowing into battery and OCV-SOC in the section possessing good CRR according to DSti and obtains the relative electric quantity change of this section, calculates actual battery chemistry electricity.Good CRR section namely do not adopt or adopt high-level efficiency equilibrium, OCV-SOC curve changes more stable platform section.

Need the calibration that each section of discharge charge amount just can carry out CRR; Or can not obtain flow into or/and flow out DSti time, the variable quantity utilizing less Icc to produce is measured and is calibrated CRR.

4. Data Collection, screening and rejecting, extracts the method for stable state changing unit from current voltage records series DStv

Continuous print charge and discharge process and continuous in time, duty are continuously and battery behavior continuous; The wherein continuity comprising terminal voltage change continuously of battery behavior and the continuity of battery capacity change.Namely there is not the state change that table 4 is listed continuously in charging and discharging state.When the deficient change of the state change and Icc that check PWRMOD, CHG, CC, BB, BFULL and BD is to determine that state changes, then need to utilize the data, the Q [3 that review and recorded, 4,5] parameter, be confirmed whether new change reviewing in scope Q [0], from a upper change determined.If there is DSti sequence, then utilize step batten and acknowledging time Q [3] calculating current step, and with the duration be greater than Q [3], amplitude of variation is greater than the curent change of Q [5] initially determines that single step of releasing electricity condition suddenlys change.If do not have DSti to utilize, then need from a upper change determined, the exponential spline parameter fitting that linearly adds in conjunction with a upper change determined connects and new linearly adds exponential spline, suddenlys change within the scope of Q [3] official hour with minimum deflection calculating voltage; If sudden change is greater than Q [4], then confirm new sudden change.No matter be DSti or DStv, reject as unjust data when the data mean value change of data comparatively in both sides Q [3] scope exceeds Q [4] or Q [5], this point data both sides average is supplemented.The data removed after abnormal point recalculate and obtain current change in voltage steady-state portion.

Fig. 9 is contact potential series DStv and the schematic diagram of steady state voltage change that draws in the metering method according to the preferred electric quantity of lithium battery of the embodiment of the present invention, wherein the contact potential series for charging direction that provides of 91 1 groups of sequences and the corresponding steady state voltage extracted, 92 1 groups be the contact potential series of course of discharge and the corresponding steady state voltage that extracts.

The previous state determined comprise system start before battery be in nearly 0 power consumption state when nearly 0 power consumption and battery are in disengaging, and the battery that a rear state comprises when system enters standby or shutdown is in the state of nearly 0 power consumption, the voltage that can directly obtain using measurement in these in stable condition long periods is as steady state voltage value.Do not have previous when determining state, new records series starts a next state change.The determination of new discharge condition sudden change and unjust data rejecting needs are accumulated to after there are the data more than Q [3] data both sides and carry out.Only linearly add exponential spline as one section during data deficiencies and carry out matching, calculating voltage stable state changing unit.When current charging and discharging state exceeds Q [0] writing time, the no record listed except corresponding table 5 is worth except the data of state, and remainder data stores as history discharge and recharge record.

5. the expression of load characteristic

The metering method of this preferred electric quantity of lithium battery is divided into the parallel connection of steady resistance, constant current and invariable power three types load, derive with 3 SPL of the relation of the battery terminal voltage voltage change ratio during electric discharge of each kinds of loads and OCV voltage as discharge curve, then the actual Projective decomposition of discharge curve in XY plane is become the load characteristic expression to 3 battens.

Its velocity of discharge of steady resistance load is directly proportional to cell voltage, and profile and the OCV-SOC curve of its rate of change of expressing in XY plane and the projection discharge curve CRP of SOC are consistent, can be that axle turns clockwise 90 ° and obtains by OCV-SOC curve with Y.Rotate to XY plane after the projection SPL CCP that Constant Current Load discharges is negated by the slope curve of OCV-SOC to obtain.The reciprocal multiplication of the projection splines that the projection splines CPP that constant power load discharges is discharged by Constant Current Load and OCV-SOC curve derives.Compared with the corresponding linear stretch in X direction of heavy load, otherwise along X to Y-axis linear compression.The schematic diagram of each bar curve can be shown in Figure 5 above,

Carrying out load characteristic assessment needs hypothesis load characteristic to be stable in certain hour, longer and more stable sequence can be found in DStv record in Ψ space, the electric discharge batten vector Γ (P being expressed as 3 spliness is calculated after being projected to XY plane, C, R) [n], wherein n represents certain load change preset.Each Γ vector correspond to a center discharge curve υ under a kind of condition on α face; Collection composition Υ (υ) discharge curve bunch of multiple υ curves that particular system has.

6. estimate the method for continuation of the journey

Need to suppose that ensuing loading condition remains unchanged when estimating cruising time, or future is with the mode varying duty preset.Figure 10 is the schematic diagram utilizing expection discharge curve estimation cruising time in the metering method according to the preferred electric quantity of lithium battery of the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 10, when estimating cruising time first according to current discharge curve υ and and the default variation pattern of system, select an electric batten vector Γ putting expection, then utilize Γ generate current can the discharge curve γ of phase.This curve is used for predicting the change of following sparking voltage, and gamma curve projects to XZ plane, obtains the relation from current time starting voltage rate of change and cell voltage.The time domain discrete differential equation that this cell voltage and cell voltage change rate curve and cell voltage change, solves between current voltage to VOFF, often the voltage drop of adjacent 2 and the business's of voltage change ratio and namely obtain expecting cruising time.

7. electricity exports the method for modifying of data

Voltameter exports electrical parameter in data not because load changing occurs fast, also should not occur and change that charging, electric discharge trend are inconsistent simultaneously.Close to when being full of and close to then needing coupled system other parts good will exaggerate and guard process during minimum operating voltage.The condition of 8 electrical parameters listed in table 3 and the 3 kinds of method of modifying whether be suitable for and use is in table 5.

Data and method of modifying thereof is exported in the metering method of this preferred embodiment of table 5

Electrical parameter	Smoothly	Dull	Good will is expressed and is modified
				Qc, aQc remain chemical electricity	√	√	Adopt during JEITA/BJA and be shown as expansion capacity
Qcr, aQcr relative surplus chemistry electricity	√	√	Close to when being full of temporally close to and display expansion capacity
				Qcv, aQcv chemical capacity	-	Monotone decreasing	-
Qa, aQa remain available power	√	-	√
				The relative available power of Qar, aQar	√	-	Close to be full of and close to minimum voltage available time
Qav, aQav available power capacity	-	-	-
				Ta, aTa estimate cruising time	√	-	During close to minimum voltage available
Tav expresses available power cruising time	-	-	-

These 3 kinds of method of modifying are applied on the 6 individual electricity be suitable for and parameter that tabular goes out in order, the data after process namely upper show in symbol with the data of " a " prefix.Except Qcv, all the other 5 parameters are all summed up as the modification to steady state voltage Vs.Data before A modifies and the data after modifying only need to preserve historical data in Q [6] official hour window with reviewing in calculating.Respectively 3 kinds of method of modifying are described below:

1. level and smooth

When the Q [6] set is greater than Q [3], whether inspection is reviewed in Q in scope [0] has the duration to be greater than Q [3], changes in amplitude more than Q [4,5] saltus step, or have charging and discharging state parameter indicate change charging and discharging state change time, smoothly modify output smoothly to produce by Q [6] official hour respectively before and after this bound-time.Data duration then by actual time not enough is level and smooth.

Because need Q [3] time to assert sudden change, the data in the Q [3] after the sudden change that can assert occurs are by the data smoothing in Q [3] time before this sudden change.

2. dull

Check whether the data through level and smooth modification conform to charging or discharge condition with the change direction between current output data, only utilize new data to replace when conforming to.Such as during charging, the change direction of voltage rises, and change direction when not charging declines.Qcv then just declines.

3. good will is expressed and is modified

Adopt JEITA/BJA suggestion expand end of charge voltage time, allow Qc with Qcr be shown as exceed nominal or exceed relative 100% aQc and aQcr.

After approaching with the minimum voltage mV in the smoothingtime Q [6] gathered the scope that minimum voltage available VOFF to Q [7] specifies, the modification of Qar to aQar and Ta to aTa, namely along with it approaches degree, progressively substitutes steady state voltage with minimum voltage to the calculating of electrical parameter.

Figure 11 expresses close to good will during minimum operating voltage the schematic diagram modified in the computing method according to the preferred battery electric quantity of the embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 11, this algorithm adopts the proportional linearity ground of point near two end points in Q [7] scope that mV is corresponding to determine the degree of aVs near Vs or mV.When mV has just entered approaching in scope of Q [7], the value of the Vs that aVs learnt from else's experience smoothly and dullness processes; When mV is near VOFF, aVs is close to mV value.MV value is not smoothing, therefore when cell voltage close to minimum can operating voltage time, the relative available power of voltameter and cruising time export the change of abundant reflected load situation, and transfer to and estimating with most harsh conditions.The computing formula approaching rear aVs is F3:

Formula F 3:abs=Vs (mV-VOFF)/Q [7]+mV (Q [7]-mV+VOFF)/Q [7]

8. battery applications method of evaluating characteristic

The capacity parameter of 3 i.e. voltameters is had, 5 parameters for self-calibration process acquisition in 8 parameters in cell evaluation parameter.Namely battery applications evaluating characteristics is supervised and is reported that these parameters are using the change in history.Wherein first the CRR parameter of segmentation will calculate specific discharge capacity and the charge specific capacity of each section, and often change charging corresponding to 1V or discharge charge amount when namely charging in specific voltage section or when discharging, the ratio getting both is electric charge recurrence rate CRR.

In the battery meter metering method of the present embodiment and calculation element, in battery steady state voltage Vs, steady state voltage rate of change dVs and full level SOC three-dimensional orthogonal space Σ, record cell voltage change and calculate SOC; Review cell voltage record and/or current sequence, find qualified catastrophe point as Seed Sequences, utilize Seed Sequences to calibrate voltameter calculating parameter; Cruising time is calculated in three-dimensional orthogonal space Σ; The ohmic load batten in three-dimensional orthogonal space Σ, Constant Current Load batten and constant power load batten is utilized to describe load characteristic; The method of relative chemical capacity is measured when measuring chemical capacity, electric discharge when charging; Utilize electricity recurrence rate to express battery electric quantity utilization factor, and describe battery balanced effect on this basis.

By above technical scheme, can realize that data sample is clear, hardware model is simple; Realize simple, be both applicable to parasitic voltameter, be also applicable to independent voltameter; Clear and definite application oriented design, parameter is complete, can cutting; Do not rely on accumulative charge/discharge electricity amount integral unit, cost be low, technique effect that power consumption is little.

Obviously, those skilled in the art should be understood that, above-mentioned of the present invention each module or each step can realize with general calculation element, they can concentrate on single calculation element, or be distributed on network that multiple calculation element forms, alternatively, they can realize with the executable program code of calculation element, thus, they can be stored and be performed by calculation element in the storage device, or they are made into each integrated circuit modules respectively, or the multiple module in them or step are made into single integrated circuit module to realize.Like this, the present invention is not restricted to any specific hardware and software combination.

The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. a metering method for electric quantity of lithium battery, is characterized in that, comprising:

Obtain cell voltage sequence samples;

Stable state cell voltage and voltage change ratio corresponding to described stable state cell voltage is extracted from described cell voltage sequence samples;

Utilize described stable state cell voltage and described voltage change ratio to inquire about in the first three-dimensional storage space as index and draw corresponding battery full level, wherein, store first surface in described first three-dimensional storage space, described first surface is the corresponding relation curved surface of stable state cell voltage, battery steady state voltage rate of change, battery full level.

2. the metering method of electric quantity of lithium battery according to claim 1, is characterized in that, extracts stable state cell voltage and comprise from described cell voltage sequence samples:

Reject the voltage data of the unjust point in described cell voltage sequence, by the magnitude of voltage of the average voltage in interval predetermined amount of time centered by this unjust point as this unjust point;

Stable state cell voltage is calculated based on cell voltage sequence after rejecting unjust point voltage data.

3. the metering method of electric quantity of lithium battery according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the determining step of the unjust point in described cell voltage sequence comprises:

Calculate the mean value of the magnitude of voltage centered by the first voltage data point in the schedule time of interval, and calculating the described magnitude of voltage of the first voltage data point and the difference of described mean value, wherein said first voltage data point is the data point in described cell voltage sequence samples;

Judge whether described difference exceeds predetermined threshold value, when described difference is greater than described predetermined threshold value, determine that described first voltage data point is unjust point.

4. the metering method of electric quantity of lithium battery according to claim 1, is characterized in that, utilize described stable state cell voltage and described voltage change ratio in the first three-dimensional storage space, to inquire about corresponding battery full level as index after also comprise:

Loading condition calculating according to current discharge curve and expectation is expected cruising time.

5. the metering method of electric quantity of lithium battery according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the loading condition calculating expection according to current discharge curve and expectation comprises cruising time:

Electric discharge batten vector is selected according to the loading condition of current discharge curve and expectation;

Described electric discharge batten vector is utilized to generate expection discharge curve;

Utilize the corresponding relation of cell voltage and cell voltage rate of change in described expection discharge curve to be calculated by the voltage drop value at consecutive number strong point describedly to expect cruising time.

6. the metering method of electric quantity of lithium battery according to claim 5, is characterized in that, is expressed as steadying resistance electric discharge, splines that constant-current discharge, invariable power discharge three kinds of electric discharge types under described electric discharge batten vector comprises default loading condition.

7. the metering method of electric quantity of lithium battery according to claim 4, is characterized in that, also comprises after calculate expection cruising time according to the loading condition of current discharge curve and expectation:

Export the metric results of voltameter, this metric results comprises following at least one item: battery full level, expection cruising time.

8. the metering method of electric quantity of lithium battery according to claim 7, is characterized in that, also comprises before the metric results exporting voltameter:

Data modifier is carried out to described metric results, described method of carrying out data modifier comprises following at least one: to the smoothing process of described metric results, carry out dullness to described metric results to modify, good will is carried out to described metric results and expresses modification, wherein, described dullness is modified in charging or discharge process when there is Back Up in battery electric quantity preset time period and keeps electricity display or the temporary transient modification not showing Back Up, the duration of described preset time period is less than or equal to preset value, when described good will is expressed and is modified to employing JEITA/BJA suggestion expansion end of charge voltage, the good will that the good will of residue chemistry electricity allowing the chemical electricity Qc of residue and relative surplus chemistry electricity Qcr to be shown as to exceed nominal or exceed relative 100% expresses aQc and relative surplus chemistry electricity expresses aQcr.

9. the metering method of electric quantity of lithium battery according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises before acquisition cell voltage sequence samples:

The battery status parameter that can provide in the application system at described lithium battery place is provided, and utilize described battery status parameter to carry out initialization to described first surface, described battery status parameter comprise following in one or more: external power supply state, charging circuit start mark, battery balanced mark, bearing power pattern, battery continuation state, constant current state mark, real time charging electric current, charging current sequence, temperature range mark, battery is full of mark, voltameter time, cell voltage sequence.

10. the metering method of electric quantity of lithium battery according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprises after acquisition cell voltage sequence samples:

Utilize described cell voltage sequence to calculate modified tone rate, using this modified tone rate as seed parameter, wherein, described modified tone rate is the ratio of translation change relative to static open-circuit voltage and voltage stable state rate of change;

Described seed parameter is used to carry out self calibration to described first surface.

The metering method of 11. electric quantity of lithium batteries according to claim 10, is characterized in that, uses described seed parameter to carry out self calibration to described first surface and comprises:

Obtain the first surface stored in described first three-dimensional storage space, and using this first surface as bait curved surface;

Use described seed parameter to carry out the Fitting Calculation to described bait curved surface, utilize the parameter value of bait curved surface on index position after the Fitting Calculation to generate new curved surface, using newly-generated curved surface as the first surface after self calibration.

The metering method of 12. electric quantity of lithium batteries according to claim 10, is characterized in that, utilizes described cell voltage sequence to calculate modified tone rate and comprises:

According to the trend of described cell voltage sequence determination voltage up-down;

Utilize straight line basis function to carry out matching to described cell voltage sequence according to described trend, obtain fitting a straight line basis function;

Search to be connected in described fitting a straight line basis function and occur the seed node of the point of sudden change as calibration modified tone rate;

The magnitude of voltage of the straight line basis function of described seed node both sides is utilized to calculate described modified tone rate.

The measuring apparatus of 13. 1 kinds of electric quantity of lithium batteries, is characterized in that, comprising:

Contact potential series acquisition module, for obtaining cell voltage sequence samples;

Steady state voltage extraction module, for extracting stable state cell voltage and voltage change ratio corresponding to described stable state cell voltage from described cell voltage sequence samples;

Battery full level enquiry module, utilize described stable state cell voltage and described voltage change ratio in the first three-dimensional storage space, inquire about the battery full level drawing correspondence as index for battery electric quantity, wherein, store first surface in described first three-dimensional storage space, described first surface is the corresponding relation curved surface of stable state cell voltage, battery steady state voltage rate of change, battery full level.

The measuring apparatus of 14. electric quantity of lithium batteries according to claim 13, is characterized in that, also comprise:

Cruising time, prediction module, expected cruising time for calculating according to the loading condition of current discharge curve and expectation.

The measuring apparatus of 15. electric quantity of lithium batteries according to claim 13, is characterized in that, also comprise:

First surface initialization module, for determining the battery status parameter that can provide in the application system at described lithium battery place, and utilize described battery status parameter to carry out initialization to described first surface, described battery status parameter comprise following in one or more: external power supply state, charging circuit start mark, battery balanced mark, bearing power pattern, battery continuation state, constant current state mark, real time charging electric current, charging current sequence, temperature range mark, battery is full of mark, voltameter time, cell voltage sequence.

The measuring apparatus of 16. electric quantity of lithium batteries according to claim 13, is characterized in that, also comprise:

First surface self calibration module, for utilizing described cell voltage sequence to calculate modified tone rate, using this modified tone rate as seed parameter, wherein, described modified tone rate is the ratio of translation change relative to static open-circuit voltage and voltage stable state rate of change; Described seed parameter is used to carry out self calibration to described first surface.