CN103027003A - Container and transport method for transporting fresh and alive stichopus japonicus - Google Patents
Container and transport method for transporting fresh and alive stichopus japonicus Download PDFInfo
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- CN103027003A CN103027003A CN2012105000954A CN201210500095A CN103027003A CN 103027003 A CN103027003 A CN 103027003A CN 2012105000954 A CN2012105000954 A CN 2012105000954A CN 201210500095 A CN201210500095 A CN 201210500095A CN 103027003 A CN103027003 A CN 103027003A
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- stichopus japonicus
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- injection hole
- inner cap
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- 241000965254 Apostichopus japonicus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 241000208340 Araliaceae Species 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000005035 Panax pseudoginseng ssp. pseudoginseng Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000003140 Panax quinquefolius Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000221377 Auricularia Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 230000016087 ovulation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 241000251511 Holothuroidea Species 0.000 description 5
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000004681 ovum Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 4
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 241000223252 Rhodotorula Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003653 coastal water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003640 drug residue Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000017448 oviposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010002660 Anoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001237732 Microtia Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000258161 Stichopus Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002146 bilateral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005183 environmental health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001647 gastrula Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000026109 gonad development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000936 intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001418 larval effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000225 lethality Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for transporting fresh and alive stichopus japonicus, wherein the stichopus japonicus and a water body are loaded in a container and transported, and the method has an improvement that the container is used for transportation in a full load and cover sealing manner. The invention further provides the container for transporting the stichopus japonicus, wherein the container is a plastic barrel with an upper barrel opening covered with an inner cover (4); the middle of the inner cover protrudes upwards to form a cylindrical up-down-through water injection hole (3); and the water injection hole is additionally covered with a middle cover (2). According to the invention, the container is used for transportation in a full load state, and no space allowing the water body to shake exists in the container, so that in the transportation process, the stichopus japonicus collides a container wall or collides mutually to a limited extent even when shaking, and thus, the loss caused by a transportation link is reduced greatly. According to the invention, mechanical injuries and stress reactions of the stichopus japonicus due to shaking seawater in the stichopus japonicus transportation process are avoided, the survival rate of the stichopus japonicus in subsequent cultivation at a destination is improved greatly, and meanwhile, the transportation problem of the young stichopus japonicus in the past is solved favorably.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the transportation of stichopus japonicus alive, more particularly, relate to the improvement of carrying container.
Background technology
The transportation of existing fresh and alive stichopus japonicus is that stichopus japonicus places water to be contained in container mostly.Water tank or the bucket of opening generally adopted in the short-distance transportation of present fresh and alive stichopus japonicus, do not have seal closure, can only fill 50%～60% seawater, passes through air-pump inflating.Because the water in water tank or the bucket is discontented, jolting in transit easily causes seawater to rock, and causes stichopus japonicus to form mechanical damage and stress reaction, causes the stichopus japonicus of transportation intestines or injured to occur telling, causing transporting to the stichopus japonicus lethality of proceeding to cultivate behind the destination increases greatly, loses existence usefulness.Particularly the stichopus japonicus water transport method of prior art can't solve the transportation of the stichopus japonicus young, can only transport parent participation and children's ginseng.Because the first ear young of stichopus japonicus or young ginseng are more fragile period, cause damage easily.
Summary of the invention
The present invention aims to provide a kind of container and using method that is applicable to stichopus japonicus transportation, reduces stichopus japonicus damage in transit, especially is fit to stichopus japonicus just the ear young or the transportation in young ginseng period.
In order to achieve the above object, the method for a kind of fresh and alive stichopus japonicus transportation of the present invention, carrying stichopus japonicus and water body transport in container, and wherein, described container is the capping transportation under full dress state.
Specifically, the container of selecting is Plastic Drum, and the top bung is stamped inner cap; The middle part epirelief of described inner cap forms the tubular water injection hole of opening up and down; Described water injection hole adds and is stamped middle cover.The loading process of this Plastic Drum is:
Inject 20%～50% water in S1, the container;
S2, stichopus japonicus is inserted in the container;
S3, again in container, be filled to edge under the bung;
S4, add a cover inner cap, utilize the water injection hole of inner cap, again water filling is filled container to water, adds Gaizhonggai;
S5, container loaded after transportation.
Wherein, put into together container if will sting participation water among the step S1, stichopus japonicus is caused mechanical damage easily, therefore generally put into first part water, again stichopus japonicus or seedling are put into, be difficult for causing stichopus japonicus injured.
Under the optimal way, in used container, described inner cap, middle cover all place described bung inboard, and the described bung outside adds is stamped enclosing cover; Described outer hd top face is the plane.Among the step S5 of loading process, add a cover enclosing cover after, organize described container more and load in the mode of stacked loading, realize bulk transport.
In addition, under the optimal way, the density that stichopus japonicus is packed in the container satisfies following standard:
For auricularia: 100～200 pieces/ml;
For young ginseng: 5～20/ml;
For parent participation: 0.5～1/L.
And haulage time was controlled in 8 hours.
According to the description of above fresh and alive stichopus japonicus transportation resources, the present invention also provides a kind of container for the stichopus japonicus transportation, selects Plastic Drum, and the top bung is stamped inner cap; The middle part epirelief of described inner cap forms the tubular water injection hole of opening up and down; Described water injection hole adds and is stamped middle cover.
Under the optimal way, described inner cap, middle cover all place described bung inboard, and the described bung outside adds is stamped enclosing cover; Described outer hd top face is the plane.When loading transportation, the container top of lower floor can add flat plank, loads to further facilitate ranked and stacked pile.
In addition, optimum way of the present invention is: described staving height is 40～60cm, and the bucket footpath is 30～60cm, and the bung external diameter is 20～40cm, and the bore of described inner cap water injection hole is 5～10cm.Bucket is outside equipped with handle, and the handle set-up mode is preferably: upper position bilateral symmetry is arranged to a pair of handle in the staving outside, with convenient carrying.
The present invention does not reserve the space that water body rocks by transporting under the container full load condition in the container, therefore in transportation, even if the ginseng of living shakes, the degree of its bump chamber wall or mutual bump is limited, therefore greatly reduces the loss that transit link causes.In addition, the present invention greatly facilitates the operation when filling container by designing multilayer cover, adding water injection hole, fill simple to operately than common vessel big open end state, raise the efficiency, and the excessive water yield is also limited, make things convenient for site clearing, and the loss of stichopus japonicus when reducing barrelling.In addition, the lid of bucket top by setting up plank or direct ranked and stacked pile container, can be realized bulk transport with the planar fashion setting, has further improved efficient.
In addition, find that by research the anti-anoxia ability of stichopus japonicus is very strong, stichopus japonicus still can survive 6～8 hours in limited water body even do not inflate.Therefore the anoxic of short time can not cause the mortality of stichopus japonicus, and mechanical damage and the stress reaction of stichopus japonicus in transportation is only initiation stichopus japonicus main causes of death.The present invention has avoided the seawater in the delivery stichopus japonicus process to rock stichopus japonicus mechanical damage and the stress reaction that causes, has greatly improved the survival rate of stichopus japonicus in the follow-up cultivation in destination, has well solved the difficult problem of in the past stichopus japonicus young transportation simultaneously.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that the present invention is used for the stichopus japonicus cask.
Fig. 2 is the decomposition texture schematic diagram at upper opening of container of the present invention shown in Figure 1 place.
Embodiment
One, the container of stichopus japonicus transportation
As illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, this container adopts barrel-shaped design, utilizes the high-quality plastics of thickness 1～2mm to make.Staving height 40～60cm, pipe directly are 30～60cm, and bore is 20～40cm, there is inner cap 4 bung inside, has covered bore 5～10cm water injection hole 3, and water injection hole 3 adds and is stamped middle cover 2, middle cover 2 and water injection hole are by screwed connection, and there is enclosing cover 1 the bung outside, and bung and enclosing cover 1 are also by screwed connection.The staving both sides are furnished with handle 5, the conveniently assemble and disassemble transportation.About the height 5cm of water injection hole 3, both made things convenient for water filling, and can guarantee that again the in-built water of bucket was enough full.
As shown in Figure 2, during use, inner cap 4 places in the bung, covers bung with overlapping mode, then fills with water by water injection hole 3, covers middle cover 2, and is last, adds a cover enclosing cover 1.
Embodiment among the figure after enclosing cover 1 is added a cover, just in time pushes down middle cover 2 and inner cap 4.Certainly inner cap also can be the inboard of adding a cover the container bung by bung internal thread or interface arrangment, and middle cover and enclosing cover are in order to make things convenient for preferred screw thread mouth connection.
Two, the method for stichopus japonicus shipment
Add 20%～50% water before the transportation in container, then will need the stichopus japonicus auricularia of transporting, young ginseng or parent participation carefully to put into bucket, the density of general transportation is: 100～200 pieces/ml of auricularia; 5～20/ml of young ginseng; 0.5～1/L of parent participation.After stichopus japonicus auricularia, young ginseng or parent participation are complete according to the rational density filling, continue in bucket, to be filled to edge under the bung, cover liner lid and outer seal, continue in bucket, to be filled to bucketful by water injection hole, cover tightly at last the water injection hole capping.
Stichopus japonicus auricularia, young ginseng or parent participation can be passed through car, Ship Transportation after installing bucket, and haulage time was advisable at 0～8 hour, and the vibrations in the transportation can not cause mechanical damage to not impact of the stichopus japonicus young, young ginseng or parent participation.In order to save transport space, carrying ladle also can be distributed into 2～3 layers, and interlayer can separate with dividing plate.
Utilize means of transportation of the present invention, realize outdoor stichopus japonicus seedling large-scale ecological breeding method, comprise the steps:
S1, between seedling culturing vehicle, parent participation larvae rearing, the first ear young of the long 200-300 μ of average body to be grown to m, body weight 5 * 10
-5～1 * 10
-4The g stage is carried out the seed selection collection;
S2, in wind sheltering bay, coastal waters or holothurian pond, net cage is set, selects 200～300 mesh sieve tulle clothing in the net cage.200 orders～300 orders, namely aperture 0.074～0.050mm can guarantee that the first ear young in the etting does not escape.
S3, the first ear young that gathers among the S1 is transported to the net cage place that S2 arranges evenly throws in, throw in 0.2～0.3 piece/ml of density.This stage is not thrown in adherance, and the first ear young is in floating state.Concrete transportation is the present invention means of transportation of above putting down in writing and the cask of selecting.
S4, every day, the interval ocean rhodotorula of throwing something and feeding in net cage for 2 times was thrown in 1000～2000/ml of density; The density of preferred ocean rhodotorula is comparatively suitable up and down at 1600/ml.
S5, long 800～900 μ m of average body to be grown to, average weight 1.5 * 10
-4～4.1 * 10
-4The large ear juvenile stage of g hangs adherance in net cage, and stops artificial supplementary feeding ocean rhodotorula;
S6, cultivate to the long young ginseng stage that on average reaches 3～5mm of body, the bolting silk etting is replaced with 60～80 order polyethylene ettings, continue cultivation.In this process, water temperature raises gradually, suitably sinks to adhering to the base net sheet, strengthens simultaneously the seawater internal circulating load, increases the dissolved oxygen amount in the seawater, prevents that water temperature from raising fast.And follow-up breeding process can be selected the usability methods operation of prior art.
Under the optimal way, among the step S1, the water temperature of hatching fertilized egg is controlled at 20 ℃; When rising to 18 ℃, cultivation marine site water temperature carries out the input of step S3.The optimal process of step S1 is:
In the afternoon 4 beginnings, by drying in the shade and stimulation by running water parent participation ovulation, the density during the parent participation ovulation is controlled at 20～25/m
3
Water temperature is 18 ℃ before stimulating, not bait throwing in 3 days, and with the water emptying, flowing water 10 minutes rinses ight soil during stimulation, dries in the shade 1 hour, adds 20 ℃ of seawater, stops the supple of gas or steam, lucifuge, finishes before 6 of evenings.Parent participation generally begins to lay eggs about 8 of evenings;
Male is ejaculation at first, after the ejaculation other pond is put in the male taking-up.Male ejaculation after half an hour female individuals begin the ovulation; Ovulation can continue until 2:00 AM always, should note in the meantime observing female ovulation amount, immediately it is pulled out if find male;
Ovulation should in time move into parent participation other pond after finishing;
After fertilized egg is sunk, take out the upper strata seawater, wash ovum; Wash the ovum method: with 300 order net cage siphons, add 20～21 ℃ of seawater, wash ovum, if egg laying amount is very large, divide the pond hatching with the ovum in the net cage;
After dividing the pond hatching, the hatching water temperature is controlled at 20 ℃, opens the inflator pump inflation, with uniform stirring Chi Shui, and promotion fertilized egg come-up.Per 2 hours of while was stirred the pond 1 time with raker stirrer, will stir at the bottom of the pond especially;
Then carry out seed selection: the second day of laying eggs begins just should to note observing fertilized egg come-up situation morning, this moment, development of fertilized ova was to gastrula stage, just ear young quantity is larger to find come-up after 24～32 hours, and when the come-up individuality enters first ear juvenile stage, in the hatchery, by 10cm bore rubber tube the microtia young is siphoned in the 300 mesh sieve tulle casees, collects the just ear young.
Above-mentioned S1 step has outstanding, the survival rate high of collecting efficiency.
Above-mentioned stichopus japonicus seedling large-scale ecological breeding method begins to carry out sea or pond net box cultivation from the stichopus japonicus larval culture.Specifically, the ear juvenile stage namely moves into outdoor cage culture to select stichopus japonicus to be in just, the first ear young of this moment, body about 200-300 μ m that grows up, body weight 5 * 10
-5～1 * 10
-4G.This breeding process has following features:
1, net cage can be arranged in wind sheltering bay, coastal waters or the holothurian pond, selects the net cage (increase fixation) of enhancement mode to increase capacity of anti-storm, can carry out stichopus japonicus in wind sheltering bay, coastal waters and grow seedlings.Simultaneously also can carry out stichopus japonicus in holothurian pond grows seedlings.
2, stichopus japonicus is grown seedlings and begins to carry out in net cage from first ear juvenile stage.And prior art mostly begins spawning and hatching in net cage from parent participation, because the lability of water temperature, and the parent participation gonad development is asynchronous; the uniformity that causes parent participation to be laid eggs is very poor; egg laying amount is on the low side, causes the growth speed of the young to differ, and the young breeds and is difficult to form in a short time scale.If beginning to drop in the net cage from the young ginseng stage breeds, will cultivate at least in the workshop more than 1 month early stage, and seedling cost increases a lot relatively.Formed the just ear young in 24～32 hours from the stichopus japonicus incubating oosperm, begin to drop in the net cage and cultivate, can save seedling cost on the one hand, the survival rate of stichopus japonicus seedling and workshop are cultivated substantially suitable on the other hand.Can in net cage, form at short notice the production of stichopus japonicus seedling scale.
3, utilizing net cage to carry out stichopus japonicus grows seedlings, do not use any medicine and additive, guaranteeing to greatest extent that stichopus japonicus is grown seedlings carries out at the open large water surface, utilize the natural bait in the seawater, replenish a small amount of ocean rhodotorula, having realized the environmental health breeding mode that stichopus japonicus is grown seedlings, guaranteed the quality of stichopus japonicus seedling and good growth traits, is the organic stichopus japonicus seedling mode of production of a kind of green.
Therefore, the beneficial effect of above-mentioned cultural method is:
1, reduce cost: compare with the stichopus japonicus seedling indoor culture, average stichopus japonicus seedling per jin can reduce cost 65%, has greatly lowered the cultivation cost of stichopus japonicus seedling, has increased the profit of growing seedlings.
2, improve survival rate: compare with indoor stichopus japonicus seedling, broadcast survival rate and has improved 25% at the outdoor end of the ecological seedling of sea cucumber in cage, and average survival has reached 80%, has greatly improved the output of commodity stichopus japonicus.
3, the good no drug residue of quality: compare with indoor stichopus japonicus seedling, the overall process that the ecological seedling of sea cucumber in cage is cultivated is not used any medicine, and self resistance of seed improves greatly, and is superior in quality, and no drug residue, is the green juvenile stichopus of high-quality fully.
4, rely on means of transportation of the present invention, further improve survival rate.
The above; only be the better embodiment of the present invention; but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this; anyly be familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; be equal to replacement or change according to technical scheme of the present invention and inventive concept thereof, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the method for a fresh and alive stichopus japonicus transportation, carrying stichopus japonicus and water body transport in container, it is characterized in that, and described container is the capping transportation under full dress state.
2. the method for a fresh and alive stichopus japonicus transportation is characterized in that the container of selecting is Plastic Drum, and the top bung is stamped inner cap (4); The middle part epirelief of described inner cap forms the tubular water injection hole (3) of opening up and down; Described water injection hole adds and is stamped middle cover (2);
Loading process is:
Inject 20%～50% water in S1, the container;
S2, stichopus japonicus is inserted in the container;
S3, again in container, be filled to edge under the bung;
S4, add a cover inner cap, utilize the water injection hole of inner cap, again water filling is filled container to water, adds Gaizhonggai;
S5, container loaded after transportation.
3. the method for described fresh and alive stichopus japonicus transportation according to claim 2 is characterized in that in used container, described inner cap (4), middle cover (2) all place described bung inboard, and the described bung outside adds is stamped enclosing cover (1); Described outer hd top face is the plane;
Among the loading process step S5, add a cover enclosing cover after, organize described container more and load in the mode of stacked loading, realize bulk transport.
4. arbitrary described method of utilizing said vesse to realize the stichopus japonicus transportation is characterized in that according to claim 1-3, and the density that the interior stichopus japonicus of container is packed into is:
For auricularia: 100～200 pieces/ml;
For young ginseng: 5～20/ml;
For parent participation: 0.5～1/L.
5. the described said vesse that utilizes is realized the method that stichopus japonicus is transported according to claim 4, it is characterized in that haulage time is in 8 hours.
6. a container that is used for the stichopus japonicus transportation is Plastic Drum, it is characterized in that the top bung is stamped inner cap (4); The middle part epirelief of described inner cap forms the tubular water injection hole (3) of opening up and down; Described water injection hole adds and is stamped middle cover (2).
7. described container for stichopus japonicus transportation according to claim 6 is characterized in that described inner cap (4), middle cover (2) all place described bung inboard, and the described bung outside adds is stamped enclosing cover (1); Described outer hd top face is the plane.
8. according to claim 6 or 7 described containers for stichopus japonicus transportation, it is characterized in that described staving height is 40～60cm, the bucket footpath is 30～60cm, and the bung external diameter is 20～40cm, and the bore of described inner cap water injection hole is 5～10cm water injection hole.
9. described container for stichopus japonicus transportation according to claim 8 is characterized in that bucket is outside equipped with handle (5).
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111771780A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-10-16 | 唐山市活鲜农业科技有限公司 | Temporary culture, packaging and transportation method for fresh and alive sea cucumbers |
| CN113303274A (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2021-08-27 | 鲁东大学 | A equipment for packing for transportation of stichopus japonicus reference |
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| CN113303274B (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2022-05-06 | 鲁东大学 | A kind of packaging equipment for transportation of sea cucumber seed ginseng |
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