CN103021240B - A kind of low-voltage asynchronous wind power generating set and grid-connected dynamic simulator system thereof - Google Patents
A kind of low-voltage asynchronous wind power generating set and grid-connected dynamic simulator system thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种低电压异步风力发电机组及其并网的动态模拟系统，包括风力发电机组、输配电变压器和线路的物理模型，所述风力发电机组包括微控制器、低压电机调速装置、低压电动机、低压异步风力发电机、低压整流控制器、低压逆变器、储能装置。本发明完成了低电压异步风力发电机组及其并网的动态模拟系统，搭建了发电主电路、输配电电路这样一个完整的风力发电系统，设计了基于低电压异步风力发电机组的实验模拟平台。通过微控制器的输出脉冲，该装置可以模拟多种风力发电方式。本发明为风力发电系统控制保护策略和控制系统的设计研究提供了一个更可靠、安全的研究平台和测试环境。
The invention discloses a low-voltage asynchronous wind power generating set and its grid-connected dynamic simulation system, which includes a wind power generating set, a power transmission and distribution transformer and a physical model of a circuit. The wind power generating set includes a microcontroller, a low-voltage motor speed regulation devices, low-voltage motors, low-voltage asynchronous wind generators, low-voltage rectifier controllers, low-voltage inverters, and energy storage devices. The present invention completes the dynamic simulation system of the low-voltage asynchronous wind power generating set and its connection to the grid, builds a complete wind power generation system such as the power generation main circuit and the power transmission and distribution circuit, and designs an experimental simulation platform based on the low-voltage asynchronous wind power generating set . Through the output pulses of the microcontroller, the device can simulate a variety of wind power generation methods. The invention provides a more reliable and safe research platform and testing environment for the design and research of the control and protection strategy and the control system of the wind power generation system.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及电气行业，尤其涉及一种低电压异步风力发电机组及其并网的动态模拟系统。The invention relates to the electrical industry, in particular to a low-voltage asynchronous wind power generating set and a dynamic simulation system for its grid connection.
背景技术 Background technique
在能源日益紧缺的今天，世界各国追求各种绿色可再生能源的脚步从未停止。其中，风能是人们所能够利用的可再生能源之一，风力用于发电是新能源发电技术中技术较成熟、最具规模化开发条件和商业化发展前景的发电技术之一。发电机是风力发电技术中的关键部件或装置，而在风力发电领域为满足性能上的特殊要求，通常采用异步发电机。但是在实际发电过程中异步发电机都是兆瓦级的，占地面积大设备昂贵，不利于在实验室中开展科学研究以及教学实验。为了便于实验室研究，急切的需要建立一套适用于实验室研究、教学的风力发电系统动态模拟系统。In today's increasingly scarce energy, countries around the world have never stopped pursuing various green and renewable energy sources. Among them, wind energy is one of the renewable energies that people can use, and the use of wind power for power generation is one of the new energy power generation technologies with relatively mature technology, the most large-scale development conditions and commercial development prospects. Generators are key components or devices in wind power generation technology, and in order to meet special performance requirements in the field of wind power generation, asynchronous generators are usually used. However, in the actual power generation process, asynchronous generators are all megawatt-level, occupying a large area and expensive equipment, which is not conducive to carrying out scientific research and teaching experiments in the laboratory. In order to facilitate laboratory research, it is urgent to establish a dynamic simulation system of wind power generation system suitable for laboratory research and teaching.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的就是为解决上述问题，提供一种实验室使用的低电压异步风力发电机组及其并网的动态模拟系统，为电力系统控制策略的研究提供了一个安全、可靠、占地面积小、经济实用、易于控制的实验平台，保障了实验人员、学生在实验过程中的人身安全。虽然，所采用的低电压异步发电机组的电压等级要比实际中的低，但是其电磁特性都是相同的，能够达到模拟实际异步风力发电机组发电系统的水平。The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above problems, to provide a low-voltage asynchronous wind power generator set used in the laboratory and its dynamic simulation system connected to the grid, to provide a safe, reliable, small footprint for the research of power system control strategy , Economical, practical, and easy-to-control experimental platform ensures the personal safety of experimenters and students during the experiment. Although the voltage level of the low-voltage asynchronous generator set used is lower than the actual one, its electromagnetic characteristics are the same, which can reach the level of simulating the actual asynchronous wind turbine power generation system.
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
一种低电压异步风力发电机组及其并网的动态模拟系统，包括风力发电机组、输配电变压器和线路的物理模型；所述风力发电机组包括微控制器、低压电机调速装置、低压电动机、低压异步风力发电机、低压整流控制器、低压逆变器、储能装置；所述微控制器为低压电机调速装置提供转速信号，模拟实际风力转动曲线；所述低压电机调速装置接收来自控制器的脉冲信号，输出不同的频率给低压电动机，调节低压电动机的转速；所述低压异步风力发电机采用三相低压异步交流异步发电机；所述低压整流控制器是对低压发电机所发出的不稳定的低压交流电能转换为稳定的工频低压直流电能，同时具有短路、过载和蓄电池组的过放、过充自动保护功能，能有效地延长蓄电池组的使用寿命；所述低压逆变器是对低压整流控制器输出的工频低压直流电能转换为工频低压交流电能，供低压负载使用；所述储能装置可供风力发电系统使用。A low-voltage asynchronous wind power generating set and its grid-connected dynamic simulation system, including the physical model of the wind power generating set, transmission and distribution transformers and lines; , a low-voltage asynchronous wind generator, a low-voltage rectifier controller, a low-voltage inverter, and an energy storage device; the microcontroller provides a speed signal for the low-voltage motor speed control device to simulate the actual wind rotation curve; the low-voltage motor speed control device receives The pulse signal from the controller outputs different frequencies to the low-voltage motor to adjust the speed of the low-voltage motor; the low-voltage asynchronous wind generator adopts a three-phase low-voltage asynchronous AC asynchronous generator; the low-voltage rectifier controller is used for the low-voltage generator The unstable low-voltage AC power generated is converted into stable power-frequency low-voltage DC power, and at the same time has the functions of automatic protection against short-circuit, overload, over-discharge and over-charge of the battery pack, which can effectively prolong the service life of the battery pack; the low-voltage inverter The transformer converts the power frequency low-voltage DC power outputted by the low-voltage rectifier controller into power frequency low-voltage AC power for use by low-voltage loads; the energy storage device can be used by a wind power generation system.
所述三相低压异步交流异步发电机包括鼠笼式等普通异步发电机，以及以异步风机为基础，经电力电子装置并网并进行控制的发电机，如双馈风力发电机。The three-phase low-voltage asynchronous AC asynchronous generator includes common asynchronous generators such as squirrel-cage type, and generators based on asynchronous fans connected to the grid and controlled by power electronic devices, such as double-fed wind power generators.
所述低压电动机采用一台或几台电动机，所述电动机采用直流调速电动机The low-voltage motor adopts one or several motors, and the motor adopts a DC speed-regulating motor
储能装置可采用蓄电池、超级电容、飞轮储能、压缩空气等的一种或几种。The energy storage device can use one or more of batteries, supercapacitors, flywheel energy storage, compressed air, etc.
所述输配电变压器为升压变压器，通过升高电压，减小电能在线路上的损耗；所述线路的物理模型，根据等值电路公式计算出根据等值电路公式计算出电阻、电感、电容的数值，用电阻、电感、电容搭出电力线路的等值电路。The power transmission and distribution transformer is a step-up transformer, which reduces the loss of electric energy on the line by increasing the voltage; the physical model of the line is calculated according to the equivalent circuit formula to calculate the resistance, inductance, and capacitance value, use resistance, inductance, and capacitance to build the equivalent circuit of the power line.
下面结合本发明的结构组成详细说明本发明工作原理：The working principle of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the structural composition of the present invention:
本发明的低电压异步风力发电机组及其并网的动态模拟系统结构，如图1所示，整个系统中，输配电变压器、低压异步风力发电机、低压电动机、电阻、电感、电容、低压逆变器、低压整流控制器均采用380V及380V以下的电压等级，其中低压电动机、低压异步风力发电机采用110V以下电压等级。电压等级的降低，使得本系统更容易使用低压元件进行相关控制，同时不影响风力发电系统动态模拟系统的实际效果。The structure of the low-voltage asynchronous wind power generating set and its grid-connected dynamic simulation system of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, in the whole system, power transmission and distribution transformers, low-voltage asynchronous wind generators, low-voltage motors, resistors, inductors, capacitors, low-voltage Inverters and low-voltage rectifier controllers all use voltage levels of 380V and below, and low-voltage motors and low-voltage asynchronous wind generators use voltage levels below 110V. The reduction of the voltage level makes it easier for the system to use low-voltage components for related control without affecting the actual effect of the dynamic simulation system of the wind power generation system.
异步风力发电机结构简单、牢固，无集电环和碳刷，可靠性高。不受使用场所限制。由于无转子励磁磁场，不需要同期及电压调节装置，电站设备简化。负荷控制十分简单，异步发电机尽管可能出现功率摇摆现象，但无同步发电机类似的震荡和失步问题，并网操作十分简单。本发明采用低电压异步风力发电机，模拟实际中的异步风力发电机组及其并网系统，使得异步风力发电机组能够更好应用于风力发电系统中。The structure of the asynchronous wind power generator is simple and solid, without collector rings and carbon brushes, and has high reliability. Not limited by the place of use. Because there is no rotor excitation magnetic field, no synchronization and voltage regulation devices are required, and the equipment of the power station is simplified. Load control is very simple. Although asynchronous generators may have power swings, there is no similar vibration and out-of-step problems of synchronous generators, and the grid-connected operation is very simple. The invention uses a low-voltage asynchronous wind generator to simulate an actual asynchronous wind generator and its grid-connected system, so that the asynchronous wind generator can be better applied to a wind power generation system.
微控制器主要是小型控制器，如单片机、DSP等，并能够提供多个网口或现场总线接口，微控制器通过网口或现场总线接口与电机调速装置进行脉冲信号的传递，完成必要的控制。微控制器通过PWM脉冲输出方式调节电机调速装置，可以控制低电压电动机的速度，从而达到对低压异步发电机转子速度的调节，控制发电电能的大小。The microcontroller is mainly a small controller, such as a single-chip microcomputer, DSP, etc., and can provide multiple network ports or field bus interfaces. control. The microcontroller adjusts the motor speed control device through the PWM pulse output mode, which can control the speed of the low-voltage motor, so as to achieve the adjustment of the rotor speed of the low-voltage asynchronous generator and control the size of the generated electric energy.
由于风能的时刻变化，低压异步风力发电机组所发出的电能是不稳定的交流电能，需要通过低压整流控制器对低压异步发电机所发出的不稳定交流电能进行整流，并控制电能达到稳定直流输出，进一步使所发出的电能流入储能装置或低压逆变器。可以使用低压负荷可以检测发电电能质量，低压负荷可以是节能灯或者电池等。Due to the constant change of wind energy, the power generated by the low-voltage asynchronous wind turbine is unstable AC power, and the low-voltage rectifier controller is required to rectify the unstable AC power generated by the low-voltage asynchronous generator, and control the power to achieve stable DC output , and further make the generated electric energy flow into the energy storage device or the low-voltage inverter. Low-voltage loads can be used to detect the power quality of power generation, and low-voltage loads can be energy-saving lamps or batteries.
一些本系统使用的低压物理元器件在市场中很难找到，比如低压逆变器很多都是将其他电压等级逆变为交流220V的生活用电，市场上很难找到低压逆变器将电压逆变为更低电压等级交流电的逆变器，比如24V、12V的逆变器。单一低压整流器、低压发电机，市场需求很少，很少有厂家生产。这对本系统的开发是一个关键点，对低压器件成功开发研究，并应用到本系统中是一个创新点。Some low-voltage physical components used in this system are difficult to find in the market. For example, many low-voltage inverters are used to invert other voltage levels into AC 220V domestic electricity. It is difficult to find low-voltage inverters on the market. Inverters that change to lower voltage levels of alternating current, such as 24V and 12V inverters. Single low-voltage rectifiers and low-voltage generators have little market demand and few manufacturers produce them. This is a key point for the development of this system, and it is an innovative point to successfully develop and research low-voltage devices and apply them to this system.
本发明完成了一个低电压异步风力发电机组及其并网的动态模拟系统，搭建了风力发电机组、输配电变压器和线路的物理模型这样一个完整的风力发电系统，设计了基于低电压异步风力发电机组的实验模拟平台。通过微控制器的输出脉冲，该装置可以模拟多种风力发电方式，适合实验室对风力发电的进一步研究。The present invention completes a low-voltage asynchronous wind power generator and its grid-connected dynamic simulation system, builds a complete wind power generation system such as the physical model of the wind power generator, transmission and distribution transformers and lines, and designs a system based on low-voltage asynchronous wind power Experimental simulation platform for generator sets. Through the output pulse of the microcontroller, the device can simulate a variety of wind power generation methods, which is suitable for further research on wind power generation in the laboratory.
本发明的有益效果：Beneficial effects of the present invention:
1.降低了风力发电系统动态模拟系统的电压等级，更适合于实验室里面的教学科研。1. The voltage level of the dynamic simulation system of the wind power generation system is reduced, which is more suitable for teaching and scientific research in the laboratory.
2.用于电力系统控制保护策略和控制系统的设计研究。2. Used in the design and research of power system control and protection strategy and control system.
3.用于研究异步发电机在风力发电中控制策略的研究。3. It is used to study the control strategy of asynchronous generators in wind power generation.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为本发明的总体结构原理图。Fig. 1 is the overall structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
图2为本发明模拟电力线路等值电路图。Fig. 2 is the equivalent circuit diagram of the analog power line of the present invention.
具体实施方式 detailed description
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
本实施例的一种低电压异步风力发电机组及其并网的动态模拟系统，包括风力发电机组、输配电变压器和线路的物理模型；所述风力发电机组包括微控制器、低压电机调速装置、低压电动机、低压异步风力发电机、低压整流控制器、低压逆变器、储能装置；所述微控制器为低压电机调速装置提供转速信号，模拟实际风力转动曲线，本实施例采用意法半导体公司生产的STM32F103VET6芯片进行脉冲输出控制；所述低压电机调速装置接收来自控制器的脉冲信号，输出不同的频率给低压电动机，调节低压电动机的转速，本实施例采用能够接收微控制器脉冲信号输出的变频器；所述低压电动机采用一台或几台电动机，所述电动机采用直流调速电动机，本实施例采用12V直流电动机；所述低压异步风力发电机，包括鼠笼式等普通异步发电机，以及以异步风机为基础，经电力电子装置并网并进行控制的发电机，如双馈风力发电机，本实施例异步发电机采用普通异步交流发电机，；所述低压整流控制器是对低压异步发电机所发出的不稳定的低压交流电能转换为稳定的工频低压直流电能，本实施例采用50HZ三相交流12V输入，直流12V输出的低压整流控制器；所述低压逆变器是对低压整流控制器输出的工频低压直流电能转换为工频低压交流电能，供低压负载使用，本实施例采用50HZ直流12V输入，三相交流12V输出的低压逆变器；所述储能装置可供风力发电、光伏发电等可再生能源发电系统使用，储能装置可采用蓄电池、超级电容、飞轮储能、压缩空气等的一种或几种，本实施例采用蓄电池。The dynamic simulation system of a kind of low-voltage asynchronous wind power generating set and grid-connected of the present embodiment, comprises the physical model of wind power generating set, power transmission and distribution transformer and line; device, a low-voltage motor, a low-voltage asynchronous wind generator, a low-voltage rectifier controller, a low-voltage inverter, and an energy storage device; The STM32F103VET6 chip produced by STMicroelectronics performs pulse output control; the low-voltage motor speed control device receives pulse signals from the controller, outputs different frequencies to the low-voltage motor, and adjusts the speed of the low-voltage motor. The inverter pulse signal output; the low-voltage motor adopts one or several motors, and the motor adopts a DC speed-regulating motor, and this embodiment adopts a 12V DC motor; the low-voltage asynchronous wind power generator includes a squirrel cage type Ordinary asynchronous generators, and generators based on asynchronous fans connected to the grid and controlled by power electronic devices, such as double-fed wind power generators, the asynchronous generators in this embodiment adopt ordinary asynchronous alternators; the low-voltage rectifier The controller converts the unstable low-voltage AC power generated by the low-voltage asynchronous generator into stable power-frequency low-voltage DC power. This embodiment adopts a low-voltage rectifier controller with 50HZ three-phase AC 12V input and DC 12V output; The inverter converts the power-frequency low-voltage DC power output by the low-voltage rectifier controller into power-frequency low-voltage AC power for use by low-voltage loads. This embodiment adopts a low-voltage inverter with 50HZ DC 12V input and three-phase AC 12V output; The energy storage device described above can be used in renewable energy power generation systems such as wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation. The energy storage device can use one or more of batteries, supercapacitors, flywheel energy storage, compressed air, etc. The present embodiment uses batteries.
所述输配电变压器为升压变压器，通过升高电压，减小电能在线路上的损耗，本实施例采用2个升压变压器,升压变压器的变比分别为12V/24V和24V/380V；所述线路的物理模型，根据等值电路计算出各个电子元件的数值，用电阻、电感、电容搭出电力线路的等值电路，本实施例采用π型等值电路来计算，对100KM电力线路进行模拟计算。The power transmission and distribution transformer is a step-up transformer. By increasing the voltage, the loss of electric energy on the line is reduced. In this embodiment, two step-up transformers are used, and the ratios of the step-up transformers are 12V/24V and 24V/380V respectively; The physical model of the circuit calculates the numerical value of each electronic component according to the equivalent circuit, and builds the equivalent circuit of the power line with resistance, inductance, and capacitance. Do simulation calculations.
模拟电力线路用π型等值电路来模拟，对地和线间电容可以分别模拟，一段线路的π型等值电路如图2所示，并根据公式（1）（2）计算各个电子元器件的参数：The analog power line is simulated by a π-type equivalent circuit, and the capacitance to ground and between lines can be simulated separately. The π-type equivalent circuit of a line is shown in Figure 2, and each electronic component is calculated according to the formula (1) (2) parameters:
Z＝R+jX＝r1l+x1l公式(1)Z＝R+jX＝r 1 l+x 1 l formula (1)
Y＝G+jB＝jB＝jb1l公式(2)Y＝G+jB＝jB＝jb 1 l formula (2)
在公式（1）中，Z为电力线路的阻抗，R为电力线路电阻，j为虚数单位，X为电力线路的电抗，r1为电力线路单位长度的电阻，x1为电力线路单位长度的电抗；在公式（2）中，Y为电力线路的导纳，G为电力线路的电导，j为虚数单位，B为电力线路的电纳，b1电力线路单位长度的电纳；其中在公式（1）（2）中，l为电力线路的长度。In the formula (1), Z is the impedance of the power line, R is the resistance of the power line, j is the imaginary unit, X is the reactance of the power line, r 1 is the resistance of the unit length of the power line, x 1 is the unit length of the power line Reactance; in the formula (2), Y is the admittance of the power line, G is the conductance of the power line, j is the imaginary unit, B is the susceptance of the power line, and b is the susceptance per unit length of the power line; where in the formula (1) In (2), l is the length of the power line.
本实施例对风力发电进行模拟，微控制器发出模拟秋季风速的脉冲波形，对电机调速装置进行控制，直流电动机拖动三相异步风力发电机进行发电，通过整流控制器及逆变器得到工频50HZ电压12V的交流电，发电过程与实际发电过程一致，电力线路（设电力线路长度l为100KM）参数根据公式（1）（2）计算出来。This embodiment simulates wind power generation. The microcontroller sends out a pulse waveform simulating the wind speed in autumn to control the motor speed control device. The DC motor drives the three-phase asynchronous wind generator to generate electricity. AC power with power frequency 50HZ and voltage 12V, the power generation process is consistent with the actual power generation process, and the parameters of the power line (set the length l of the power line as 100KM) are calculated according to formula (1) (2).
上述虽然结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行了描述，但并非对本发明保护范围的限制，所属领域技术人员应该明白，在本发明的技术方案的基础上，本领域技术人员不需要付出创造性劳动即可做出的各种修改或变形仍在本发明的保护范围。Although the specific implementation of the present invention has been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it does not limit the protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay creative work Various modifications or variations that can be made are still within the protection scope of the present invention.
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