CN102988966A - 用于激发特异性粘膜免疫反应的方法、疫苗组合和试剂盒 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于激发特异性粘膜免疫反应的方法、疫苗组合和试剂盒。本发明的方法、疫苗组合和试剂盒能够在个体激发出针对病原体,例如病毒,特别是HIV病毒的高效特异性粘膜免疫反应。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及免疫学领域,并具体涉及用于激发特异性粘膜免疫反应的方法、疫苗组合和试剂盒。
背景技术
大量的研究表明,HIV感染者很大一部分是通过粘膜组织如生殖道和直肠感染的[1,2]。如果在病毒感染发生之前,预先防御性地建立免疫反应,不仅诱导产生有效地系统免疫应答,而且产生高效的粘膜免疫效应,有效发挥粘膜免疫第一道防线的作用,对于防止局部感染和消除最初感染细胞中的初始病毒的扩散、抑制病毒在体内的复制均具有十分重要的意义。粘膜免疫系统对病原体免疫反应的主要特征是分泌特异性免疫球蛋白A,即S-IgA。目前对仙台病毒、流感病毒、麻疹病毒及肠道轮状病毒的研究已经证明,IgA抗体具有下列几种抗病毒感染的机制:第一、在粘膜表皮细胞层外,即粘膜腔面(luminal)防止病毒的附着,实现免疫排斥(immuneexclusion),阻止病毒的侵入;第二、IgA在粘膜组织表皮细胞转运分泌过程中,在表皮细胞内中和已侵入的病毒(intracellular neutralization),阻止病毒的复制;第三、在粘膜组织表皮细胞层内,即粘膜固有层(lamina propria)与病毒结合,然后将病毒清除出体外[3,4,5]。与IgG介导的中和机制相比,IgA介导的保护反应可能更具广谱性。因此,近年来粘膜免疫效应和粘膜疫苗越来越受到关注和重视。
有研究者对HIV高危人群进行调查发现,粘膜部位高水平的IgA抗体与高危人群中HIV阴性者的保护成正相关[6,7,8]。Wright等的体外试验也证明HIV特异性IgA单克隆抗体通过pIgR介导的方式,具有结合、中和并将HIV清除出体内的作用[9]。然而,对HIV粘膜疫苗的研究进展却并不顺利,尽管sIgA是粘膜分泌物中最主要的抗体,但是常规的HIV疫苗经生殖道、直肠、或鼻腔免疫后很难诱导有效的粘膜sIgA抗体的产生[10,11,12]。
发明内容
本发明基于如下发现,通过优化疫苗及疫苗的免疫策略,能够显著提高疫苗(包括HIV疫苗)接种所激发的特异性粘膜免疫反应,产生高滴度的粘膜sIgA。
在第一方面,本发明提供一种激发个体产生针对病原体的特异性粘膜免疫反应的方法,其步骤包括:
(a)给所述个体全身施用表达来自所述病原体的抗原的复制型重组痘苗病毒;和
(b)给所述个体粘膜施用一或多次包含所述抗原的疫苗组合物。
在本发明的方法中,所述复制型重组痘苗病毒包含编码来自所述病原体的抗原的多核苷酸。
在本发明的方法中,步骤(a)中通过选自肌肉注射、皮下注射、静脉注射和腹腔注射的途径施用所述复制型重组痘苗病毒。
在本发明的方法中,步骤(b)中通过选自滴鼻、舌下、阴道和直肠施用的途径施用所述疫苗组合物。
在本发明的方法中,给所述个体粘膜施用3次所述疫苗组合物。
在本发明的方法中,所述复制型重组痘苗病毒源自痘苗病毒天坛株。
在本发明的方法中,所述疫苗组合物还包含佐剂。
在本发明的方法中,所述病原体是病毒,例如反转录病毒科病毒,尤其是慢病毒亚科病毒,或例如正粘病毒科病毒。在本发明的方法中,所述病毒优选是各型HIV病毒或流感病毒或它们的各种亚型。
在本发明的方法中,所述抗原是包膜蛋白,例如HIV病毒的包膜蛋白,例如所述包膜蛋白是gp140。
在第二方面,本发明提供用于激发个体产生针对病原体的特异性粘膜免疫反应的疫苗组合或试剂盒,其包括:
(a)用于给所述个体全身施用的表达来自所述病原体的抗原的复制型重组痘苗病毒;和
(b)用于给所述个体粘膜施用一或多次的包含所述抗原的疫苗组合物。
在本发明的疫苗组合或试剂盒中,所述复制型重组痘苗病毒包含编码来自所述病原体的抗原的多核苷酸。
在本发明的疫苗组合或试剂盒中,(a)中所述复制型重组痘苗病毒用于通过选自肌肉注射、皮下注射、静脉注射和腹腔注射的途径施用。
在本发明的疫苗组合或试剂盒中,(b)中所述疫苗组合物用于通过选自滴鼻、舌下、阴道和直肠施用的途径施用。
在本发明的疫苗组合或试剂盒中,所述疫苗组合物用于给所述个体粘膜施用3次。
在本发明的疫苗组合或试剂盒中,所述复制型重组痘苗病毒源自痘苗病毒天坛株。
在本发明的疫苗组合或试剂盒中,所述疫苗组合物还包含佐剂。
在本发明的疫苗组合或试剂盒中,所述病原体是病毒,例如反转录病毒科病毒,尤其是慢病毒亚科病毒,或例如正粘病毒科病毒。在本发明的疫苗组合或试剂盒中,所述病毒优选是各型HIV病毒或流感病毒或它们的各种亚型。
在本发明的疫苗组合或试剂盒中,所述抗原是包膜蛋白,例如HIV病毒的包膜蛋白,例如所述包膜蛋白是gp140。
本发明的上述第二方面的疫苗组合或试剂盒可用于本发明的上述第一方面的方法中。
在第三方面,本发明涉及复制型重组痘苗病毒和疫苗组合物在制备用于激发个体产生针对病原体的特异性粘膜免疫反应的试剂盒中的用途,其中:
(a)所述复制型重组痘苗病毒包含编码来自所述病原体的抗原的多核苷酸并可表达所述抗原,且所述复制型重组痘苗病毒给所述个体全身施用;和
(b)所述疫苗组合物包含所述抗原,且所述疫苗组合物用于给所述个体粘膜施用一或多次。
在本发明的用途中,(a)中所述复制型重组痘苗病毒用于通过选自肌肉注射、皮下注射、静脉注射和腹腔注射的途径施用。
在本发明的用途中,(b)中所述疫苗组合物用于通过选自滴鼻、舌下、阴道和直肠施用的途径施用。
在本发明的用途中,所述疫苗组合物用于给所述个体粘膜施用3次。
在本发明的用途中,所述复制型重组痘苗病毒源自痘苗病毒天坛株。
在本发明的用途中,所述疫苗组合物还包含佐剂。
在本发明的用途中,所述病原体是病毒,例如反转录病毒科病毒,尤其是慢病毒亚科病毒,或例如正粘病毒科病毒。在本发明的用途中,所述病毒优选是各型HIV病毒或流感病毒或它们的各种亚型。
在本发明的用途中,所述抗原是包膜蛋白,例如HIV病毒的包膜蛋白,例如所述包膜蛋白是gp140。
根据本发明的上述第三方面的用途所制备的制剂和是本发明的上述第二方面的试剂盒,其可用于本发明的上述第一方面的方法中。
根据本发明的以上各方面,本发明能够提高疫苗(例如HIV疫苗)的粘膜免疫效果,提高接种疫苗的个体的粘膜IgA的滴度。
正如本发明在实验部分所证实的那样,本发明的方法和疫苗组合能够产生针对HIV抗原的高滴度的粘膜IgA。而提高HIV疫苗粘膜IgA滴度是目前的难点,主要是因为HIV膜蛋白糖基化程度很高,给免疫动物后免疫原性很低,粘膜途径接种后很难诱导高水平的粘膜IgA的产生。而本发明通过对不同的疫苗及不同疫苗的组合的试验,发现以本发明的表达HIV抗原的重组复制型痘苗病毒载体初免(肌注)+gp140三聚体蛋白加强免疫(滴鼻)能诱导很高的粘膜IgA抗体滴度。
附图说明
图1:ELISA检测血清env特异性IgG滴度。
图2:ELISA检测血清中env特异性IgA滴度。
图3:ELISA检测唾液样中中env特异性IgA滴度。
图4:ELISA检测阴道灌洗液中中env特异性IgA滴度。
图5:CN54Gp140DNA序列。
具体实施方式
以下实施例仅用于以抗HIV的免疫接种为例证实本发明的效果,其无意于以任何形式限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
材料:
VTKgpe(CGMCC No.1099):基于复制型痘苗病毒载体的艾滋病疫苗,表达HIV中国流行株CN54gag-pol-env蛋白(HIV B/C亚型)。
重组gp140三聚体蛋白:来源于HIV中国流行株CN54膜蛋白(见下文)。
佐剂:水包油型乳剂(成分:0.5%(v/v)Tween 80,0.5%(v/v)Span 85,4.3%(v/v)角鲨烯,注射用水,10nM柠檬酸钠缓冲液)。
本发明所采用的免疫策略,包括以下步骤:
购买6-8周龄,SPF级的BALB/c小鼠,初免免疫原为本实验室构建的表达HIV中国流行株CN54gag-pol-env蛋白的基于复制性痘苗病毒载体的艾滋病疫苗VTKgpe(CGMCC No.1099),免疫途径为肌肉注射,初免4周后加强免疫,免疫原为本实验构建的重组gp140三聚体(见下文),免疫途径为滴鼻免疫,4周后再加强免疫一次,加强免疫时使用佐剂为一种水包油型乳剂。
末次免疫1周后,取小鼠血清、唾液样和阴道样,ELISA检测血清中IgG、IgA及唾液样和阴道样中IgA滴度。
基于复制性痘苗病毒载体的艾滋病疫苗(VTKgpe)的制备:
表达HIV中国流行株CN54gag-pol-env蛋白(HIV B/C亚型)。取本VTKgpe接种于8日龄SPF级鸡胚(购自美里亚通)中,批量培养,18000g,4℃离心80min,弃上清,收集病毒,噬斑法测定病毒滴度后,-80℃保存备用。
重组gp140三聚体蛋白制备:
在载体pFUSE-hIgG-Fc2(该载体自身携带人的Fc片段,购自Invitrogen公司)中插入Fd基因片段(来源于T4噬菌体),使Fd的C-末端与Fc片段相连,构成载体叫pFUSE-Fd-Fc,在信号肽基因(IL-2基因,该载体自身携带)和Fd基因之间插入gp140基因(图5),构成表达HIV中国流行株CN54膜蛋白的质粒pGP140FF,通过Qiagen公司的大提质粒试剂盒(Maxiprep)大量提取质粒,瞬时转染293T细胞(购自ATCC),培养24-48h后,收集培养上清,用ProteinA(GE Healthcare)来纯化目的蛋白,经SDS-PAGE纯度检测和Western Blot验证后,-80℃保存备用。
动物免疫
取SPF级,6-8周龄BALB/c雌性小鼠,7只/组。初免用表达HIVgag-pol-env蛋白的基于复制性痘苗病毒载体的艾滋病疫苗(VTKgpe)免疫小鼠,免疫剂量为5×10*6pfu/只,免疫途径为肌肉注射(后腿肌肉)或滴鼻免疫。滴鼻方法:先腹腔注射麻醉剂10mg/ml戊巴比妥钠(Sigma)麻醉小鼠,150μl/只,再用10μl枪头吸取疫苗溶液滴入小鼠鼻腔,滴鼻体积为10μl/只。初免后第4周、7周和9周用本实验室构建的重组gp140三聚体加强免疫,辅以佐剂水包油乳剂,免疫剂量为10μg/只,免疫途径为滴鼻免疫、肌肉注射或皮下注射,末次免疫1周后处死小鼠。动物的分组情况及相应的免疫方案具体见表1。
表1:免疫方案
VTKgpe:基于复制性痘苗病毒载体的艾滋病疫苗
in:intranasal(滴鼻免疫)
im:intramuscular(肌肉注射)
sc:subcutaneously(皮下注射)
O/W:oil in water(水包油乳剂)
tiantan:天坛株(实验中的空载体对照)
取唾液样
腹腔注射卡巴胆碱(carbachol(Sigma),终浓度200μg/ml,100μl/只,观察小鼠唾液分泌情况,1~2min后,将分泌的唾液吸至1.5ml EP管中,4℃,10000rpm离心5min,取上清-80℃保存备用。
取阴道灌洗液
取40μl灌洗液(PBS+0.1%BSA+1%双抗(invitrogen)灌洗小鼠阴道,灌洗3次,共120μl,将灌洗液吸至1.5ml EP管中;4℃,10000rpm离心10min,取上清-80℃保存备用。
取血清
眼眶取血,将血液样品于37℃放置1h后,取血清样品4℃放置3~4h,3000rpm离心10min,取上清-80℃保存备用。
ELISA检测IgG和IgA
进行预实验摸索包被蛋白的浓度梯度,最后确定的最佳浓度为0.4μg/ml。取真核表达的gp140蛋白包被96孔ELISA板,包被浓度为0.4μg/ml,4℃过夜包被,PBST(PBS+0.5%Tween-20)洗涤三次;37℃封闭1h(封闭液为PBS+1%BSA(Roche));将待测样品倍比稀释(4倍梯度稀释),加入如上包被后的板中,37℃孵育1h,PBST洗涤三次;加入HRP标记二抗(HRP标记二抗IgG(羊抗鼠IgG的二抗,Southern Biotech):1∶30000稀释;HRP标记二抗IgA(羊抗鼠IgA的二抗,Southern Biotech):1∶6000稀释)孵育1h,加入TMB显色液(Sigma)显色,显色10-15min,加2M硫酸终止,酶标仪(Thermo Multiskan MK3)检测OD450和OD620。
结果见表2至表5(结果分别对应图1至图4)。其中待测样品最高稀释倍数的OD值≥2倍阴性对照样品OD定义为阳性,此最高稀释倍数定义为该样品的滴度。表中部分滴度是通过标准曲线计算得出的。图1至4中*代表p<0.05,**代表p<0.001
经t检验:第4组与第2、3、5、6、7、8组对照组,P<0.001,差异达极显著水平,第4组与第1组P<0.05,差异达显著水平。
经t检验:第4组与第2、3、5、6、7、8组对照组,P<0.001,差异达极显著水平,第4组与第1组P<0.05,差异达显著水平。
参考文献
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Claims (10)
1.一种激发个体产生针对病原体的特异性粘膜免疫反应的方法,其步骤包括:
(a)给所述个体全身施用表达来自所述病原体的抗原的复制型重组痘苗病毒;和
(b)给所述个体粘膜施用一或多次包含所述抗原的疫苗组合物。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中步骤(a)中通过选自肌肉注射、皮下注射、静脉注射和腹腔注射的途径施用所述复制型重组痘苗病毒。
3.权利要求2的方法,其中步骤(b)中通过选自滴鼻、舌下、阴道和直肠施用的途径施用所述疫苗组合物。
4.权利要求3的方法,其中给所述个体粘膜施用3次所述疫苗组合物。
5.权利要求1的方法,其中所述复制型重组痘苗病毒源自痘苗病毒天坛株。
6.权利要求1的方法,其中所述疫苗组合物还包含佐剂。
7.权利要求1-6中任一项的方法,其中所述病原体是病毒,优选HIV病毒或流感病毒。
8.权利要求7的方法,其中所述病毒是HIV病毒。
9.权利要求8的方法,其中所述抗原是HIV病毒的包膜蛋白。
10.权利要求9的方法,其中所述包膜蛋白是gp140。
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