CN102946217A - Two-phase chopper control soft starter - Google Patents
Two-phase chopper control soft starter Download PDFInfo
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- CN102946217A CN102946217A CN201210437256XA CN201210437256A CN102946217A CN 102946217 A CN102946217 A CN 102946217A CN 201210437256X A CN201210437256X A CN 201210437256XA CN 201210437256 A CN201210437256 A CN 201210437256A CN 102946217 A CN102946217 A CN 102946217A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a two-phase chopper control soft starter. A first path of a three-phase alternating-current supply is connected with the phase A of a three-phase alternating-current asynchronous motor through a phase A alternating-current chopper control circuit, a second path of the three-phase alternating-current supply is connected with the phase B of the three-phase alternating-current asynchronous motor through a phase B alternating-current chopper control circuit, and a third path of the three-phase alternating-current supply is connected with the phase C of the three-phase alternating-current asynchronous motor. A first path of output of a singlechip microcomputer is connected with the phase A and B alternating-current chopper control circuits. A second path of output is connected with an insulated gate bipolar transistor in side connection with a three-phase uncontrollable rectifier bridge. The three-phase uncontrollable rectifier bridge is respectively connected between the phase A alternating-current chopper control circuit and the phase A of the three-phase alternating-current asynchronous motor, between the phase B alternating-current chopper control circuit and the phase B of the three-phase alternating-current asynchronous motor, and between the three-phase alternating-current supply and the phase C of the three-phase alternating-current asynchronous motor by three paths. The two-phase chopper control soft starter provided by the invention can be continued, and the pulsing component of a start torque is reduced greatly, and the two-phase chopper control soft starter is more stable to start, the number of IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Translator) can be reduced, and the cost is saved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of two-phase chopper control soft starter.
Background technology
At present, common soft starter mainly adopts the three-phase thyristor reduced-voltage starting, and it adopts every antiparallel two thyristors or bidirectional thyristor of being connected in series mutually at circuit structure, realizes reduced voltage starting by the ON time that changes every phase voltage.There are two significant drawbacks in the method.One, starting torque is little, the three-phase AC asynchronous motor starting torque be proportional to starting voltage square, when lower voltage, torque reduces with square multiple that starting voltage reduces; Its two, discontinuous current because thyristor belongs to half control type device, only has when its forward conduction electric current drops to zero and could turn-off, so use the thyristor soft-start by lowering voltage, intermittently there is larger pulsating torque in electric current certainty.
Frequency converter also has and is used as soft starter, although effect is better, frequency converter belongs to the AC-DC-AC structure technically.It at first carries out three phase worker power the uncontrollable rectification of three-phase bridge, then the rectification output dc voltage is carried out filtering, adopts at last all adjustable controlled alternating voltages of pulse width modulation (PWM) technology export electric voltage frequency.Frequency changer, technical sophistication, cost is higher, is not easy in the penetration and promotion of Soft Starter for AC Motor field.
Also exist at present a kind of discrete variable frequency pressure regulation Start Technology, it utilizes half control characteristic of thyristor, to the three-phase main-frequency AC power, and selectively conducting, thereby voltage (n=1,2, the 3...) waveform of formation 50/nHz.This technology has three significant drawbacks, first, the discrete variable frequency soft starter can only provide the voltage of the discrete point in frequency such as 50Hz, 25Hz, 16.7Hz/3,12.5Hz, belongs to the soft start of classification discrete variable frequency, and still there is the larger situation of impulse current in the switching between every two-stage.The second, the discrete variable frequency soft start provides supply harmonic content large, and in fact imbalance of three-phase voltage is difficult to use in soft start.The 3rd, the discrete variable frequency soft start also exists the shortcoming of discontinuous current.
To sum up, Start Technology generally adopts half control type device thyristor to realize soft-start by lowering voltage at present, exists the characteristics that discontinuous current, pulsating torque component are large, detent torque is low.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem solved by the invention provides a kind of alternating current machine starting current can be continuous, and the starting torque flutter component also reduces greatly, starts also more stably two-phase chopper control soft starter.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, the technical scheme that the present invention takes:
A kind of two-phase chopper control soft starter, its special character is: comprise three-phase alternating-current supply, single-chip microcomputer, A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping, B cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping, the uncontrollable rectifier bridge of three-phase, three-phase AC asynchronous motor, the first via of three-phase alternating-current supply is connected with the A of three-phase AC asynchronous motor through A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping, the second the tunnel is connected with the B of three-phase AC asynchronous motor through B cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping, and Third Road is connected with the C of three-phase AC asynchronous motor; The output of single-chip microcomputer divides three the tunnel to connect, the first via is connected with A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping, B cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping simultaneously, the second the tunnel is connected with the insulated gate bipolar transistor of the uncontrollable rectifier bridge direct current of three-phase side joint, Third Road be arranged on A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping and be connected with current transformer between the three-phase AC asynchronous motor; The uncontrollable rectifier bridge of three-phase divide three tunnel A that are connected to A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping and three-phase AC asynchronous motor mutually between, the B of B cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping and three-phase AC asynchronous motor mutually between, three-phase alternating-current supply and three-phase AC asynchronous motor the C phase between.
The output of above-mentioned single-chip microcomputer be arranged on A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping and be connected with current transformer between the three-phase AC asynchronous motor.
Above-mentioned A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping is made of insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT1, insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT2 inverse parallel.
Above-mentioned B cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping is made of insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT3, insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT4 inverse parallel.
The trigger impulse of above-mentioned insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT1, insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT2, insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT3, insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT4 is identical.
The uncontrollable rectifier bridge of above-mentioned three-phase comprises diode D1, diode D2, diode D3, diode D4, diode D5, diode D6, diode D1 and diode D2 series connection consist of first order diode, diode D3 and diode D4 series connection consist of second level diode, diode D5 and diode D6 series connection consist of third level diode, and three grades of diodes in parallels consist of the uncontrollable rectifier bridge of three-phase.
Be connected with parallel connection protection circuit on the above-mentioned A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping.
Be connected with parallel connection protection circuit on the above-mentioned B cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention adopts full-control type device isolation gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) to realize the AC chopping voltage-regulating technique, because the trigger impulse cycle of IGBT is much smaller than power frequency period, although the alternating current machine starting current still has less pulsation, but can be continuous, the starting torque flutter component also reduces greatly, start also more steady, in addition, take alternating current machine C phase winding terminal voltage as reference-potential point, when obtaining same rotating magnetic flux, only need to A, the AC power that the B winding provides mutual deviation 60 degree both can, therefore only need the A to three-phase AC asynchronous motor, the B two-phase is carried out chopper control, can reduce like this quantity of IGBT, save cost.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is circuit diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Referring to Fig. 1, the present invention includes three-phase alternating-current supply 1, single-chip microcomputer 2, A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 3, B cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 4, the uncontrollable rectifier bridge 5 of three-phase, three-phase AC asynchronous motor 9, the first via of three-phase alternating-current supply 1 is connected with the A of three-phase AC asynchronous motor 9 through A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 3, the second the tunnel is connected with the B of three-phase AC asynchronous motor 9 through B cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 4, and Third Road is connected with the C of three-phase AC asynchronous motor 9; The output of single-chip microcomputer 2 divides 3 the tunnel to connect, the first via is connected with A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 3, B cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 4 simultaneously, the second the tunnel is connected with the insulated gate bipolar transistor 6 of the uncontrollable rectifier bridge 5 direct current side joints of three-phase, Third Road be arranged on A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 3 and be connected with current transformer 8 between the three-phase AC asynchronous motor 9; The A that the uncontrollable rectifier bridge of three-phase was connected to A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 3 and three-phase AC asynchronous motor 9 in 5 minutes three tunnel mutually between, the B of B cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 4 and three-phase AC asynchronous motor 9 mutually between, three-phase alternating-current supply 1 and three-phase AC asynchronous motor 9 the C phase between.
Above-mentioned A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 3 is made of insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT1, insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT2 inverse parallel.
Above-mentioned B cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 4 is made of insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT3, insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT4 inverse parallel.
The trigger impulse of above-mentioned insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT1, insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT2, insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT3, insulated gate bipolar transistor IGBT4 is identical.
The uncontrollable rectifier bridge 5 of above-mentioned three-phase comprises diode D1, diode D2, diode D3, diode D4, diode D5, diode D6, diode D1 and diode D2 series connection consist of first order diode, diode D3 and diode D4 series connection consist of second level diode, diode D5 and diode D6 series connection consist of third level diode, and three grades of diodes in parallels consist of the uncontrollable rectifier bridge 5 of three-phase.
Be connected with parallel connection protection circuit 7 on the above-mentioned A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 3.
Be connected with parallel connection protection circuit 7 on the above-mentioned B cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 4.
On main circuit structure, adopt four insulated gate bipolar transistors, per two inverse parallels connect, and consist of two groups of basic single phase alternating current (A.C.) voltage regulation circuit of chopping, are serially connected in respectively A phase, the B phase power supply end of three-phase AC asynchronous motor.With six diodes, consist of the uncontrollable rectifier bridge of three-phase bridge, between the interchange side joint AC voltage adjusting circuit and three-phase AC asynchronous motor stator winding with the uncontrollable rectifier bridge of three-phase in addition.The uncontrollable rectifier bridge direct current of a three-phase insulated gate bipolar transistor of side joint (6).In order to detect and control starting current, at the A of three-phase AC asynchronous motor side phase power line a current transformer (8) is set, the current signal that current transformer detects is sent into Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system.
In main circuit control, control impuls one tunnel pulse-triggered A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 3 of single- chip microcomputer 2,4 liang of groups of B cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping AC chopping voltage-regulating device, the insulated gate bipolar transistor 6 of uncontrollable rectifier bridge 5 DC side of another road pulse-triggered three-phase, the two-way pulse is positive and negative fully opposite, and pulse frequency is 1KHz.Like this, in A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 3, B cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 4 triggering and conducting constantly, insulated gate bipolar transistor 6 turn-offs, three-phase alternating-current supply is powered to three-phase AC asynchronous motor, at A cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 3, when B cross streams voltage regulation circuit of chopping 4 turn-offs, insulated gate bipolar transistor 6 triggering and conducting, the three-phase AC asynchronous motor stator current is by the three-phase commutation bridge afterflow.
On control algolithm, in order to realize control of soft or the soft stop control to three-phase AC asynchronous motor, two kinds of control modes are specifically arranged, one, finishing ramp voltage by default curve starts, a kind of open loop control mode namely, this situation can not arrange current transformer 8, according to minimum voltage Umin and the starting time of calculated in advance, and the duty cycle alpha of linear regulation chopping modulation pulse, until α is 100%, output voltage is the full voltage of three-phase alternating voltage, at this moment, and the bypass three-phase ac contactor that can establish by other, three-phase AC asynchronous motor is switched on the three-phase alternating-current supply, finish the ramp voltage soft start of three-phase AC asynchronous motor; They are two years old, principal of constant current soft, the default maximum starting current Imax that allows in single-chip microcomputer, detect current actual current I by current transformer 8, in Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system, arrange one with the Digital PID Controller of amplitude limit output, the deviation that is input as the maximum starting current Imax of permission and actual current I of PID controller, the PID controller is output as the duty cycle alpha of chopping modulation pulse, the output upper limit 100% of PID controller is limited to 0% down.
In the formula, T is the current sample cycle, and k is k sampling instant, and Ti is PID controller integration time constant, and Td is PID controller derivative time constant.
If realize the soft stop function of three-phase AC asynchronous motor, can regulate by the rightabout of ramp voltage soft start the duty cycle alpha of chopping modulation pulse, α is progressively reduced by 100%, and this moment, the effective value of output AC voltage progressively reduced, until realize soft stop.
The present invention and three-phase thyristor pressure regulation Start Technology are done the emulation experiment contrast, experimental subjects is selected the three-phase AC asynchronous motor of rated power 15KW, rated voltage 400V, rated frequency 50Hz, motor load is got 10Nm, experimental situation, MatlabR2008a.
Contrast 1: identical output fundamental voltage effective value, identical load.
Three-phase thyristor pressure regulation soft start, thyristor Trigger Angle are set to 90 degree, and during symmetrical three-phase pure resistor load, output line voltage first-harmonic effective value is 175.4V, total harmonic distortion: 60.85%, and starting current 150A.
The soft start of two-phase chopper control, the trigger impulse duty ratio gets 46%, output fundamental voltage effective value 175.4V, total harmonic distortion 101%, starting current 100A.
Can be found out that by top data under same base wave voltage effective value, the starting current of two-phase chopping modulation soft start is less.Although the harmonic content of two-phase chopping modulation soft start is larger, its harmonic wave is mainly high order harmonic component (19 times, 21 times, 49 times, 51 inferior), and the alternating current of generation is less, and is less on the motor impact.
Contrast 2: allow maximum starting current (5 times of rated current, 150A) under the same case, it is 100Nm that the soft start of two-phase chopper control can be started maximum load, and three-phase thyristor pressure regulation soft start to start maximum load be 85Nm.
Claims (8)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210437256.XA CN102946217B (en) | 2012-11-06 | 2012-11-06 | Two-phase chopper control soft starter |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201210437256.XA CN102946217B (en) | 2012-11-06 | 2012-11-06 | Two-phase chopper control soft starter |
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| CN102946217A true CN102946217A (en) | 2013-02-27 |
| CN102946217B CN102946217B (en) | 2016-03-23 |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2681448Y (en) * | 2004-02-12 | 2005-02-23 | 吴加林 | A chopped mode soft starter for high-voltage motor |
| CN2768306Y (en) * | 2004-06-16 | 2006-03-29 | 上海雷诺尔电气有限公司 | Motor soft starter using silicon controlled ACVV |
| CN201893292U (en) * | 2010-11-24 | 2011-07-06 | 沈阳工业大学 | Alternating current contactor with soft start and arcless on-off functions |
| CN202889264U (en) * | 2012-11-06 | 2013-04-17 | 陕西科技大学 | Two-phase chopping voltage-regulating soft starter |
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2012
- 2012-11-06 CN CN201210437256.XA patent/CN102946217B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2681448Y (en) * | 2004-02-12 | 2005-02-23 | 吴加林 | A chopped mode soft starter for high-voltage motor |
| CN2768306Y (en) * | 2004-06-16 | 2006-03-29 | 上海雷诺尔电气有限公司 | Motor soft starter using silicon controlled ACVV |
| CN201893292U (en) * | 2010-11-24 | 2011-07-06 | 沈阳工业大学 | Alternating current contactor with soft start and arcless on-off functions |
| CN202889264U (en) * | 2012-11-06 | 2013-04-17 | 陕西科技大学 | Two-phase chopping voltage-regulating soft starter |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 孟彦京等: "交流电机两相变频软启动控制原理", 《机电产品开发与创新》 * |
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| CN102946217B (en) | 2016-03-23 |
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