CN102870537B - Oilseed rape transplanting method and special transplanting machine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a rapeseed transplanting method, which belongs to the field of agricultural technology. The steps of the method are as follows: lay non-woven fabric on the bottom of the standardized seedling raising tray matched with the transplanting machine, spread soil and sprinkle water, sow a predetermined amount of rapeseed seeds, cover the seeds with soil, water and fertilize, and wait for the seedlings to reach the 4-5 leaf stage , cultivate standardized blanket-shaped seedlings with roots interwoven with non-woven fabrics; the seedling soil is sieved through a hole sieve with a mesh side length of 4 mm; the tillage depth is greater than 15 cm, and the ditching is done according to the width of the integer multiple of the number of rows of the transplanting machine. Irrigate and moisten the field through the furrows; take the standardized blanket seedlings into the seedling box of the transplanter, and drive the transplanter into the field for transplanting. The invention can realize automatic seedling supply, high-speed transplanting, less auxiliary labor, and high transplanting efficiency. Under the same conditions, the operating efficiency is 5-8 times that of the existing chain clamp rapeseed transplanting machine, so the operating cost is greatly reduced.

Description

Rapeseed Transplanting Method and Special Transplanting Machine

technical field

The invention relates to a rapeseed planting method—a transplanting method, and also relates to a special transplanting machine for realizing the method, which belongs to the field of agricultural technology.

Background technique

my country's rapeseed planting area is more than 90 million mu, of which 70% are planted by seedling transplanting. The crop rotation of rice and rapeseed is the main cropping system. In order to meet the requirements of two crops or even more crops a year, and to shorten the growth cycle of rapeseed in the field as much as possible, for a long time, rapeseed has been using: artificial sowing in seedling fields-manual pulling out of seedlings after they have grown into seedlings-manual transplanting of rapeseed seedlings to the field The planting method of transplanting is commonly known as artificial bare seedling transplanting. This rapeseed planting method uses a lot of labor, high labor intensity, and low production efficiency. With the increasing shortage of agricultural labor force and rising labor costs, the above-mentioned traditional planting methods have seriously affected farmers' enthusiasm for planting rapeseed, causing rapeseed planting to decline year after year. trend.

The applicant's patent No. is that the Chinese utility model patent of 200720035047.7 discloses a clamping type rape bare seedling transplanting machine, which can only be used to realize the transplanting of bare seedlings, that is, to pull up the vegetable seedlings cultivated in the seedling field from the seedling field, After sorting, place them neatly in the seedling box on the rapeseed naked seedling transplanter. The machine tool is hooked on the four-wheel tractor, equipped with 2-4 sets of clamping transplanting parts (transplanting 2-4 rows at the same time), corresponding to each row It is necessary to have a special person to take the seedlings from the seedling box and feed them to the planting mechanism. Due to the low speed of manual sorting and seedling feeding, the transplanting speed of the machine is limited. In addition, its working parts clamp the rhizome of rapeseed seedlings, which is easy to damage the seedlings. Practice has proved that this machine is used for transplanting rapeseed, which requires manual seedling pulling, seedling transportation (vegetable seedlings are transported from the seedling field to the machine), feeding seedlings and driving the machine, which requires a lot of auxiliary labor, low operating efficiency, and easy damage to seedlings. Widespread promotion.

The search found that the Chinese invention patent application with the application number 201110129961.9 discloses a fully automatic pot seedling transplanting machine, which is used for transplanting pot seedlings in plug trays. When transplanting, the whole seedlings are placed on the machine tool , one person drives the machine, and all the seedling taking and transplanting can be automatically completed by the machine, and the seedlings are raised using a special pot seedling raising tray (a kind of plastic floppy disk with arrays and rows of seedling raising pots, which is usually used for rapeseed seedling raising) It is a seedling tray with 128 holes). This seedling raising technology is mainly used for raising seedlings of vegetables, flowers, and forest trees. It needs to be connected with soilless indoor seedlings. The seedling substrate is made of peat, anthill and other materials. , but the cost of nursery facilities is high, and only large-scale production and high value-added crops have certain use value. It is obviously inapplicable to use it for the production and seedling raising of rape that needs soil seedling raising, and the production efficiency is low, the seedling tray needs a large amount, and the cost is high.

It can be seen from the above-mentioned prior art that transplanting of rapeseed has received widespread attention. However, although the existing two kinds of equipment can realize semi-mechanized or mechanized transplanting of rapeseed, the former uses a chain clamping planting mechanism, which needs to be used. Manual feeding of seedlings has the disadvantages of low operating efficiency and the use of a lot of labor and is easy to damage the seedlings. The latter uses rape seedlings, which have high seedling cost, and the structure of the machine is complicated, the cost is high, and the operating efficiency is low. Therefore all are difficult to popularize and apply.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to: aim at the problems of the above-mentioned prior art, propose a rapeseed transplanting method with high production efficiency, guaranteed planting quality and low operating cost, and provide a special transplanting machine for realizing the method at the same time. So that it can be effectively promoted and applied.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the applicant broke the traditional thinking, boldly imagined and tried to learn from rice transplanting technology. Because the rice transplanting technology is very mature and popularized at present, the conventional steps are: sowing and raising seedlings in a 280×580 rectangular seedling raising tray, with a special seedling raising and sowing production line, which can cultivate seedlings in fields, greenhouses and greenhouses. The rice seedlings cultivated by this rice seedling raising method have their root system entangled with the soil and become seedlings that can be carried, rolled, stacked and not scattered, that is, so-called blanket seedlings. The seedlings in this form are convenient for transplanting machines. (or rice transplanter) cut into pieces and planted.

At present, the rice transplanting machines in use all adopt the principle of blanket-like seedling transplanting and transplanting. Technology Press, 1st edition in November 2007). It is mainly composed of two parts, the power chassis and the planting parts. The planting part in the base consists of a separate planting mechanism (P464) for cutting and planting blanket seedlings. In order to make the planting work continue and maintain good uniformity, The equipped seedling box for storing seedlings, and the seedling delivery mechanism and box-moving mechanism (P467) that cooperate with the sub-planting mechanism are composed. Seedling claws enter the seedling box to cut a piece on the seedling sheet, and there are about 2-3 seedlings on it (depending on the sowing density). The box-moving mechanism drives the seedling box to move horizontally left and right. The rice shoots are sent down once by the seedling sending mechanism. This type of planting mechanism has high working efficiency, and can be planted about 300 times in 1 minute, which is several times that of the above-mentioned hole tray transplanting. There are many patent applications related to the rice transplanter, and its typical structure can be referred to the Chinese patent document whose application number is 200780008772.

However, the crop characteristics of rice and rape are very different: their rhizome structures are completely different. Rice is a monocotyledonous crop with no taproot but thick and long multiple lateral roots. The root system is developed and easily entangled with the soil to form seedlings. , and long leaves grow on the stems of the seedlings, which can be sown in large density, and the seedlings per unit area are more likely to form seedlings; while rapeseed is a dicotyledonous crop, the vegetable seedlings have taproots and fewer lateral roots, and the root system is less developed than rice. Seedling sheets are formed, and the seeding density is high, so it is difficult to ensure the quality of vegetable seedlings. Therefore, in order to realize the above-mentioned idea, a series of technical problems such as raising rapeseed blanket seedlings, setting value in the field, and preparing the field must be properly solved.

Through repeated experiments and explorations, the applicant proposes the following rapeseed transplanting method, the basic steps of which include:

The first step, raising seedlings in seedling trays——lay non-woven fabrics on the bottom of the standardized seedling raising trays that match the transplanting machine, spread soil and water, sow a predetermined amount of rapeseed seeds, cover them with soil, and water and fertilize them. Seedlings 4 At the -5 leaf stage, cultivate standardized blanket-shaped seedlings with interwoven roots and non-woven fabrics; the seedling soil should be sieved through a sieve with a mesh side length of 4mm;

The second step, Honda soil preparation - plowing the field (usually using tillage machines such as rotary tillers), so that the particle size of the soil block is less than 4cm, the tillage depth is greater than 15cm, and the ditch is made according to the width of the integer multiple of the number of rows of the transplanter. , irrigate and moisten the fields through furrows;

The third step, transplanting vegetable seedlings - take the standardized blanket seedlings into the seedling box of the transplanting machine, and drive the transplanting machine into the field for transplanting.

When the present invention uses the existing rice transplanter (i.e. rice transplanter) to transplant blanket-shaped rape seedlings, the following problems that affect the quality of transplanting are improved or optimized one by one:

1) Compared with rice seedlings, rapeseed seedlings have low height, low density, many leaves, and large leaf area. It is difficult for the retaining rod on the original transplanting (transplanting) machine to ensure that the rapeseed seedlings can be picked up and pushed back to prevent seedling claws. The effect of stabbing stems and leaves. For this reason, according to the shape of the rapeseed seedlings, a seedling-retaining brush is innovatively designed, so that it can be picked up and pushed back to prevent the seedling claws from stabbing the stems and leaves. The seedling blocking brush is composed of a cross bar, a seedling brush and a mounting frame whose position and angle can be adjusted.

2) Since the field where rapeseed is transplanted is not a paddy field, in order to avoid clay in seedling claws and facilitate the survival of rapeseed seedlings after transplanting, a water tank is installed on the chassis of the rice transplanter, and a water valve is installed at the water outlet, and a water tank is installed above the splitting mechanism. The nozzle is connected to the water valve and the water nozzle with a flexible pipe, and water is poured onto the seedling row of the planted seedlings during operation, and the seedling claws are washed with watering water at the same time, which can kill two birds with one stone.

3) Since the density of the grown rapeseed blanket seedlings is lower than that of ordinary rice blanket seedlings, in order to ensure that the transplanter can pick up 1-3 seedlings each time, it is necessary to expand the volume of seedlings taken. To this end, the width of the original seedling transplanter is increased to 20mm, the width of the corresponding seedling claw front end is increased to 20mm, the width of the seedling door is increased to 26mm, and the number of lateral seedlings is reduced to 12 by changing the transmission ratio. -13 times.

4) The rapeseed transplanter works on dry land, and the plastic buoy of the original rice transplanter is not suitable for dry land operation. It has a large ground area, large resistance and is easy to damage. For this reason, a skid-type supporting plate is designed to play the role of support and depth limit, and the planting depth can be adjusted by adjusting its height.

As a result, a special transplanting machine that can effectively guarantee the quality of rapeseed transplanting has been formed. This machine is mainly composed of a walking chassis (1) and transplanting parts mounted on it. The box shifter (5) and the extension mechanism (8), the seedling box (4) that can move horizontally is placed on the box shifter, the lower part of the seedling box has an opened seedling door (41), and the extension The mechanism has seedling claws (83) that move circularly along the trajectory of picking and planting corresponding seedling doors. The improvement is that a horizontal bar is installed on the rear and upper side of the seedling door, and a seedling blocking brush is fixed on the horizontal bar. , the brush for retaining seedlings has bristles perpendicular to the surface of the seedling box.

The further improvement of the special transplanting machine of the present invention is: a water tank (3) is placed above the middle part of the chassis, and a water spraying part (7) with a water nozzle (72) facing downward is placed above the insertion mechanism. The water outlet of the water tank passes through The water valve is communicated with the water nozzle.

The further improvement of the special transplanting machine of the present invention is: the metal skid with the front end tilted is equipped with on the lower side of the seedling box.

The further perfection of the present invention is that: the width of the seedling picking section at the front end of the seedling claw is 20±2mm, and the width of the seedling door is 26±2mm.

Because the transplanting rapeseed planting method proposed by the present invention adopts blanket-like seedling raising and planting technology, cultivates standardized blanket-like rapeseedlings, and develops a suitable rapeseed blanket on the basis of referring to the principle and basic structure of the existing rice transplanter. Transplanting machine for transplanting seedlings. Compared with rapeseed seedling cultivation, standardized seedling tray cultivation of rapeseed is easier to control the seedling growth environment such as seedling substrate, temperature, humidity, pest control, etc., and can cultivate uniform and robust standardized blanket-shaped rapeseed seedlings suitable for mechanized transplanting ; Use the improved rice transplanter to transplant standardized blanket-shaped rapeseed seedlings, which can realize automatic seedling supply, high-speed transplanting, less auxiliary labor, and high transplanting efficiency. Planting machine 4-6 times, so the operating cost is greatly reduced. Tests have shown that this rapeseed planting method has better rooting and tree growth than conventional artificial seedling transplanting, and the rapeseed yield is equivalent or slightly higher. Obviously, the rapeseed transplanting planting method and its transplanting machine proposed by the present invention provide a kind of efficient and economical and practical rapeseed transplanting technology and mechanical equipment. Once it is popularized and applied, it will fundamentally solve the biggest obstacle in the production of rapeseed in rotation in my country. It plays an important role in promoting the sustained and stable development of rapeseed production in my country.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a transplanting machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the seedling-retaining brush in Fig. 1 .

FIG. 3 is a side view of FIG. 2 .

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a partial three-dimensional structure in FIG. 1 .

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the standardized seedling raising tray.

In the figure: 1-walking chassis, 2-seeding tray frame, 3-water tank, 4-seeding box, 41-seeding door, 5-box shifter, 6-seeding brush, 7-spraying parts, 71-hose , 72-spray head, 8-sub-insertion parts, 81-support, 82-rotary box, 83-seeding claw, 9-sliding skid.

Detailed ways

Embodiment one

The rapeseed transplanting method of the present embodiment comprises the following concrete steps:

The first step, raising seedlings in seedling trays—in the standardized seedling raising trays shown in Figure 5 (see "Agricultural Machinery Design Manual Volume 1" edited by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Machinery Science and Technology, China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, No. 1 in November 2007 (version P424) first lay a layer of plastic film on the bottom, then pave the non-woven fabric, spread the soil and sprinkle water, sow a predetermined amount of rapeseed, cover the plant with soil, and water and fertilize the seedlings. Standardized blanket-like seedlings interwoven with non-woven fabrics; the sown seeds are sun-dried and mixed with uniconazole. The mixing amount is 100g. The seedlings are strong and avoid being too tall. This can prevent the rape root system from gathering at the leak hole of the seedling tray, which can prevent the rape root system from gathering at the leak hole of the seedling tray

The second step, Honda’s soil preparation – perform rotary tillage in time after the previous crops are harvested, the depth of rotary tillage should not be less than 15cm, and the soil should be tilled as finely as possible (the particle size can pass through a sieve with a mesh side length of 4mm) to facilitate transplanting operations ;Ditch and make furrows according to the integer multiple width of the number of transplanting machine operations. For example, the number of transplanting machine operations is 4 rows and the row spacing is 45cm. You can ditch and make furrows according to the width of 4 rows or 8 rows, and the width of the furrow surface is 1.8 meters or more. 3.6 meters; put water to moisten the field, and irrigate the field through furrows.

The third step, vegetable seedling transplanting - place the standardized blanket-shaped rapeseed seedlings on the seedling box of the transplanting machine, scoop up the seedlings with a tray and place them in the seedling box of the transplanting machine to avoid breakage of the seedlings; Seedling area, ensure that the seedling claws can take at least one seedling each time; the planting depth is controlled so that the seedlings can be safely planted in the soil by the sub-planting mechanism through the seedling claws; the transplanter completes vertical seedling delivery, horizontal box transfer, and Seedlings are carried, planted and inserted into the soil, etc., so as to realize the mechanized transplanting of rapeseed.

The rapeseed transplanting machine of the present embodiment is mainly made up of the traveling chassis 1 and the transplanting parts articulated thereon as shown in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4. The transplanting parts include the same seedling box 4, the box moving device 5, the splitting mechanism 8, etc. (see "Agricultural Machinery Design Manual Volume 1" for details), and also include the water tank 3, the seedling brush 6, and the water spraying part 7 , skid 9. The water tank 3 is fixedly installed above the middle part of the walking chassis 1. The seedling box 4 that can move horizontally is placed on the box shifter 4. The lower part of the seedling box 4 has an opened seedling door 41. Seedling claw 83 of circular motion, the motion locus and details of seedling claw 83 refer to "Agricultural Machinery Design Manual Volume 1" P464～467. The seedling box 4 and the box-moving device 5 constitute a moving pair, and the drive shaft of the box-moving device 5 is dynamically connected with the power output shaft of the walking chassis. And the seedling delivery mechanism ("Agricultural Machinery Design Manual Volume I" P467), the sub-planting mechanism 8 is connected with the drive shaft of the box shifter 5, and the seedlings in the seedling box 4 are removed from the seedling box 4 through the seedling door 41 ("Agricultural Machinery Design Manual Volume I" P443). A seedling block with a width of about 2.3 cm and an area of 4 cm ² containing at least one rape seedling is cut from the sheet, and the rape seedling is planted in the soil.

Seedling retaining brush 6 is arranged on the rear top of seedling door 41, to block the upper branches and leaves of rape seedlings, avoiding seedling claws from being hurt, its specific structure as shown in Figure 2 and 3, has a central horizontal bar on which a plate brush is fixed. , the bristles on the scrubber brush are perpendicular to the surface of the seedling box, forming a seedling retaining brush. The water spray part 7 is installed on the support 81 of the extension part 8, and the spray head 72 is connected with the outlet of the water valve of the water tank 3 through the hose 71. Water is poured onto the seedling row of planted seedlings when the machine tool is working, and at the same time, the claws of the seedlings are washed with irrigation water to avoid clay in the claws of the seedlings.

The seedling case 4 lower sides of transplanting parts are equipped with the metal skid 9 that the front end perks by lockable parallel four-bar linkage mechanism. The bottom surface of slide skid 9 directly contacts with soil, can slide on ground surface, with auxiliary support transplanting parts and limit transplanting depth. The connection length between the skid and the transplanting parts can be adjusted, so that the height of the transplanting parts from the ground can be changed to achieve the purpose of adjusting the planting depth. Repeated tests have shown that the method of this embodiment is feasible, and compared with the prior art, it has the following significant progress:

1) The standardized seedling raising trays for rice seedling raising can be reused, and the cost of seedling raising is less than that of plug tray seedling raising trays, and the economy is good;

2) The transplanting machine adopts the same principle of taking seedlings and transplanting as the rice transplanting machine. The transplanting mechanism is reliable in action, stable in performance, less in auxiliary labor, and high in transplanting efficiency. 5-8 times of planting machine.

3) Seedling raising and soil preparation techniques are easy to operate and practical.

4) It has completely changed the traditional seedbed raising method that seeds must be sown on the seedbed. It is not only suitable for seedbed seedlings, but also suitable for industrial seedlings, which is in line with the development direction of modern agriculture.

Claims (8)

1. a rapeseed transplanting method is characterized in that comprising the steps: The first step is to raise seedlings in the seedling tray - first lay a layer of plastic film on the bottom of the standardized seedling tray matched with the transplanting machine, then spread the non-woven fabric, spread the soil and sprinkle water, sow a predetermined amount of rape seeds, and cover the seeds with soil. And watering and fertilizing, until the seedlings are at the 4-5 leaf stage, the standardized blanket-like seedlings with roots and non-woven fabrics intertwined are cultivated; The second step, Honda soil preparation - plow the field so that the particle size of the soil block is less than 4cm, and the plowing depth is greater than 15cm. Ditch and make furrows according to the integer multiple of the number of rows of the transplanter, and irrigate the field through the furrows; The third step, transplanting vegetable seedlings - take the standardized blanket seedlings into the seedling box of the transplanting machine, and drive the transplanting machine into the field for transplanting. 2. The rapeseed transplanting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the first step, the seedling soil is sieved through a hole sieve with a mesh side length of 4mm. 3. The rapeseed transplanting method according to claim 2, characterized in that: the sown seeds are processed through sun-drying and mixed with uniconazole, and the mixing amount is 100g seed mixing concentration is 10% uniconazole 8- 12mg. 4. A special-purpose transplanting machine for realizing the rapeseed transplanting method described in claim 1, mainly consisting of a walking chassis (1) and a transplanting part articulated thereon, and said transplanting part includes a The box shifter (5) and the sub-insertion mechanism (8) at the bottom, the seedling box (4) that can move horizontally is placed on the box shifter, the seedling box bottom has an opened seedling door (41), the split The inserting mechanism has seedling claws (83) that move circularly along the corresponding seedling door picking and planting track, and is characterized in that: a horizontal bar is installed on the back and upper side of the seedling door, and a seedling retaining brush is fixed on the horizontal bar. The brush for retaining seedlings has bristles perpendicular to the surface of the seedling box. 5. The special transplanting machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: a water tank (3) is placed above the middle part of the chassis, and a water spraying part (7) with a water nozzle (72) facing downward is placed above the insertion mechanism , the water outlet of the water tank communicates with the water nozzle through the water valve. 6. The special transplanting machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: the lower side of the seedling box is equipped with a metal skid with a raised front end. 7. The special transplanting machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: the lower side of the seedling box is equipped with a metal skid with a tilted front end through a lockable parallel four-bar linkage mechanism. 8. The special transplanting machine according to claim 7, characterized in that: the width of the seedling picking section at the front end of the seedling claw is 20±2mm, and the width of the seedling door is 26±2mm.