CN102811979B - 包含微量营养元素的肥料组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
包含微量营养元素的肥料组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011785 micronutrient Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 235000013369 micronutrients Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical group [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000006012 monoammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 13
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea group Chemical group NC(=O)N XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WZISDKTXHMETKG-UHFFFAOYSA-H dimagnesium;dipotassium;trisulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O WZISDKTXHMETKG-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims 10
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims 10
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- 235000011132 calcium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 2
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 51
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 abstract description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 6
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 4
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920005551 calcium lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- RYAGRZNBULDMBW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;3-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-[2-methoxy-4-(3-sulfonatopropyl)phenoxy]propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].COC1=CC=CC(CC(CS([O-])(=O)=O)OC=2C(=CC(CCCS([O-])(=O)=O)=CC=2)OC)=C1O RYAGRZNBULDMBW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 3
- 239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001732 Lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014786 phosphorus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000010399 physical interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001863 plant nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B15/00—Organic phosphatic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D7/24—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/04—Double-superphosphate; Triple-superphosphate; Other fertilisers based essentially on monocalcium phosphate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/30—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
- C05G5/37—Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings layered or coated with a polymer
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
Abstract
包含具有隔离涂层和一种或多种微量营养元素的基肥颗粒的肥料组合物。该基肥物质涂覆有隔离涂层，以及一种或多种微量营养元素的涂层。或者，该基肥物质涂覆有具有分散于各处的微量营养元素的离散颗粒的隔离涂层。隔离涂层发挥作用以使微量营养元素颗粒与底层肥料组合物产生物理和化学分离，以便土壤溶液可获得更多的微量营养元素，并最终到达植物的根区。
Description
相关申请
本申请要求2010年3月3日提交的第61/309,894号美国临时申请和2010年3月5日提交的第61/311,011号美国临时申请的权益，其各自以其整体通过引用并入本文。
发明领域
本发明一般地涉及肥料组合物，且更具体地涉及包含微量营养元素的肥料组合物，所述微量营养元素随后引入至土壤溶液并最终引入至植物的根区。
发明背景
除了诸如碳、氢、氧、氮、磷和钾碱的主要养分之外，微量营养元素和次要养分也是植物生长必须的元素，但与那些主要养分相比需要的量更少。次要养分能包括例如，钙(Ca)、硫(S)和镁(Mg)。微量营养元素能包括例如，硼(B)、铜(Cu)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、钼(Mo)、锌(Zn)、氯(Cl)、钴(Co)、钠(Na)及其组合。
微量营养元素来源在它们的物理状态、化学反应性、成本和植物可用性方面显著变化。微量营养元素来源的四种主要种类包括：(1)诸如氧化物、碳酸盐的无机产品和诸如硫酸盐、氯化物和硝酸盐的金属盐；(2)通过配位键结合螯合剂与金属形成的合成螯合物；(3)包含木质素磺酸盐、聚黄酮类和酚类的天然有机复合物，其通过使金属盐与木浆工业或相关工业的某些有机副产物反应制备；和(4)包含浓度为约2百分比至25百分比的微量营养元素的熔块或烧结玻璃状产品。
将微量营养元素应用于农作物的最常见方法是土壤施肥。基于元素基础，推荐的应用比率通常少于10lb/英亩，因此在田地中单独的微量营养元素来源的均匀应用可能困难。与混合肥料一起包含微量营养元素是方便的应用方法并允许使用常规应用设备更均匀的分布。通过省略单独的应用步骤还降低成本。与混合肥料一起应用微量营养元素的四种方法能包括在制备过程中结合、与颗粒肥料掺混、涂覆在颗粒肥料上以及与液体肥料混合。
在制备过程中结合是当制备它们时将一种或多种微量营养元素直接结合在诸如NPK或磷酸盐肥料的肥料颗粒中。这种做法允许磷酸盐肥料的各个颗粒具有期望的微量营养元素的一致浓度和微量营养元素在整个颗粒肥料中的均匀分布。由于磷酸盐颗粒均匀分散在生长区域上，因此包含的微量营养元素也是如此的。然而，由于在制备过程中的高温和湿度条件下微量营养元素来源与混合肥料组分接触，因此与磷酸盐的化学反应速率增加，其能减少一些微量营养元素的植物利用率，因为微量营养元素保留在磷酸盐颗粒中。
与颗粒肥料掺混是单独掺混颗粒状微量营养元素化合物与颗粒磷酸盐肥料和颗粒钾碱(potash)肥料的做法。该做法的主要优点是能产生肥料等级，其在常规肥料应用速率下针对给定的田地提供推荐的微量营养元素比率。主要缺点是在混合操作以及随后处理过程中能发生养分离析(segregation离析)。为了减少或预防处理和运输过程中的粒度离析，微量营养元素颗粒必须接近与磷酸盐和钾碱颗粒相同的粒度。由于植物营养需要非常少量的微量营养元素，因此该做法导致微量营养元素颗粒不均匀分布并且通常在整个生长季节大部分仅随着土壤溶液移动几毫米，且大多数植物距离太远而不能很快受益。
颗粒肥料的涂层减小了离析的可能性。然而，一些结合物质不令人满意，因为它们在装袋、储存和处理过程中不保持微量营养元素涂层，其导致微量营养元素来源从颗粒肥料组分中离析。采取措施以减少次要养分和微量营养元素情况下的离析问题，例如在标题为“Sulfur-ContainingFertilizerCompositionandMethodforPreparingSame(含硫肥料组合物及其制备方法)”的第6,544,313号美国专利中描述的肥料部分中的硫或硫薄层的情况下以及在标题为“MethodforProducingaFertilizerwithMicronutrients(制备含微量营养元素的肥料的方法)”的第7,497,891号美国专利中描述的微量营养元素的情况下，其二者均以其整体通过引用并入本文。
与上述制备过程中结合微量营养元素相似，微量营养元素来源与涂覆产品中的肥料组分接触并且微量营养元素能经历与磷酸盐的化学反应，因为微量营养元素保留在磷酸盐颗粒中，所以减少一些微量营养元素的植物利用率。
亟需包含一种或多种微量营养元素的肥料产品，其使引入至土壤溶液的微量营养元素最大化并最终到达植物的根区。
发明概述
本发明的实施方案涉及期望的微量营养元素结合进入颗粒肥料配方用于随后的微量营养元素引入至土壤溶液并最终进入植物的根区。基肥上的涂层用作隔离涂层或隔膜(separator)以防止或减少微量营养元素和基肥之间的化学/物理相互作用。
在本发明的一个实施方案中，隔离涂层物质处于液态或熔化态。然后，将一种或多种微量营养元素结合进入隔离涂层物质的熔化物。将隔离涂层物质喷涂在诸如磷酸铵、磷酸钙或磷酸钾肥料的合适的肥料颗粒上。微量营养元素颗粒保留在隔离涂层物质内且不与底层肥料物质发生化学和物理相互作用。
在本发明的另一实施方案中，通过诸如使用隔离涂层物质喷涂的常规方法涂覆诸如磷酸铵、磷酸钙或磷酸钾的合适的肥料颗粒。然后，向围绕被隔离涂覆的肥料颗粒的连续或不连续涂层加入一种或多种微量营养元素以便微量营养元素颗粒与底层肥料物质在化学上和物理上分离或隔离。
上述发明概述不意图描述本发明各个例示的实施方案或每种实施。下列详细描述更具体地例示这些实施方案。
附图简述
图1是本发明一个实施方案的含微量营养元素的肥料颗粒；
图2是本发明另一实施方案的含微量营养元素的肥料颗粒；
图3是对于各个隔离涂层物质比较微量营养元素随时间溶解的图；以及
图4是描述水溶性对植物摄取锌的影响的图。
附图详述
根据图1例示的本发明的一个实施方案，含微量营养元素的肥料颗粒100能包含核心肥料部分102、涂覆或另外应用在至少部分肥料部分102上的隔离涂层物质104和覆盖至少部分隔离涂层物质104的含一种或多种微量营养元素的微量营养元素涂层106。
在该实施方案中，隔离涂层物质104能为液体、固体或熔化形式，并能被喷涂、幕帘涂覆或采用多种合适的涂覆技术中的任一种以在肥料部分102上形成连续或不连续涂层。在一个特殊的实施方案中，将隔离涂层物质与水混合以在造粒机中形成喷涂在肥料颗粒上的浆料。然后，将颗粒干燥。然后，随后通过诸如喷涂的多种合适的涂覆技术中的任一种，使用诸如微量营养元素的复合物例如ZnSO4·H2O的合适的微量营养元素涂覆经隔离涂覆的颗粒。
任选地，在加入微量营养元素之前，能将聚合物的热涂层加至屏蔽涂覆的颗粒以提供用于微量营养元素与颗粒粘附的粘性表面，并进一步改善微量营养元素的水溶性。这种聚合物能包括例如，聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)。
根据图2例示的本发明的替代实施方案，含微量营养元素的肥料颗粒200能包含核心肥料部分202、涂覆或另外应用在至少部分肥料部分202上的隔离涂层物质204和一种或多种分散在隔离涂层物质204内的微量营养元素206。
肥料部分102、202能包含任何合适的肥料，诸如例如，硝酸盐、尿素、钾碱、诸如磷酸一铵(MAP)、磷酸氢二铵(DAP)、过磷酸钙、重过磷酸钙、磷酸钾、磷酸钙及其组合的磷酸盐肥料。
隔离涂层物质104、204能包含一种或多种使微量营养元素从肥料组合物中分离的物质以减少或消除微量营养元素和底层肥料组合物之间的化学反应和/或其它相互作用。例如，如果底层肥料组合物为磷酸盐，则隔离涂层物质104能包含尿素、无水钾镁矾(或者称为K-Mag或K2Mg2(SO4)3)、硫酸铵((NH4)2SO4)、硫酸钾(K2SO4)、硫酸镁(MgSO4)、硫酸钙(CaSO4)、元素硫(S)、硅酸盐、它们各自的水合物(含有水合作用的缔合水的盐[·xH2O])及其组合。
微量营养元素106、206能包含硼(B)、铜(Cu)、铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、钼(Mo)、锌(Zn)、氯(Cl)、钴(Co)、钠(Na)、镍(Ni)、硒(Se)及其组合。微量营养元素106、206能为离散颗粒或薄层形式，并任选能被结合进入PEI基质。
下列实施例讨论本发明的特殊实施方案。用于制备各个实施例的设备是装备有变频驱动器(VFD)并垂直安装的四英寸直径的盘式造粒机(13英寸宽×5英寸床深)。滚筒不是螺纹的(flighted)，其仅装备有滑动杆以保持床移动。
通过首先使用无涂层的MAP装载颗粒状的，随后以批次模式通过加入合适的屏蔽物质以均匀涂覆MAP颗粒来制备实施例物质。然后，将合适的微量营养元素连同在改善微量营养元素的水溶性方面有效的聚合物加至这些涂覆的颗粒。
实施例1：尿素隔离涂层
使用熔化尿素(约10%)完全涂覆无涂层的MAP并使其冷却。使用热PEI喷涂涂覆的颗粒，随后使用ZnSO4·H2O形式的锌或CuSO4·5H2O形式的铜涂覆。然后，通过使用少量(约0.25%)的酸性水(pH调整至约2)喷涂来形成复合物。加入滑石(约1%)以产生自由流动的颗粒。
实施例2：K-Mag(K2Mg2(SO4)3)涂层
使用混合有其一半重量的稀释木质素磺酸钙溶液(稀释至70/30w/wCLS/H2O，同时CLS包含58%的固体)的粉末状K-Mag完全涂覆无涂层的MAP。将浆料均匀展开在MAP颗粒的翻滚床上并加热至干燥。使用热PEI(99%)喷涂涂覆的颗粒并随后使用ZnSO4·H2O形式的锌涂覆。然后，通过使用少量(约0.25%)的酸性水(使用柠檬酸将pH调整至约2)喷涂来形成复合物。然后，将涂覆的颗粒空气干燥。加入滑石(约1%)以产生自由流动的颗粒。
实施例3：硫酸铵((NH4)2SO4)涂层
使用混合有相等重量的稀释木质素磺酸钙溶液(稀释至70/30w/wCLS/H2O，同时CLS包含58%的固体)的粉末状硫酸铵完全涂覆无涂层的MAP以形成流动的浆料。将浆料均匀展开在MAP颗粒的翻滚床上并加热至干燥。使用热PEI(99%)喷涂涂覆的颗粒并随后使用ZnSO4·H2O形式的锌涂覆。然后，通过使用少量(约0.25%)的酸性水(使用柠檬酸将pH调整至约2)喷涂来形成复合物。然后，将涂覆的颗粒空气干燥。加入滑石(约1%)以产生自由流动的颗粒。
实施例4：硫酸钾(K2SO4)涂层
使用混合有其一半重量的稀释木质素磺酸钙溶液(稀释至70/30w/wCLS/H2O，同时CLS包含58%的固体)的粉末状硫酸铵完全涂覆无涂层的MAP以形成流动的浆料。将浆料均匀展开在MAP颗粒的翻滚床上并加热至干燥。使用热PEI(99%)喷涂涂覆的颗粒并随后使用ZnSO4·H2O形式的锌涂覆。然后，通过使用少量(约0.25%)的酸性水(使用柠檬酸将pH调整至约2)喷涂来形成复合物。然后，将涂覆的颗粒空气干燥。加入滑石(约1%)以产生自由流动的颗粒。
如图3中的图表所示，使用K-Mag作为隔离涂层物质的涂覆的肥料组合物(实施例2)在八小时后使微量营养元素最高%溶解。与其中微量营养元素结合在磷酸盐肥料中的产品相比，所采用的实施例产生显著更高%溶解。
如图4中的图表所示，使用K-Mag作为隔离涂层物质的涂覆的肥料组合物(实施例2)在水溶性对植物摄取锌的影响方面也表现最好。
在不违背其本质属性情况下可以其它特殊形式呈现本发明，因此应认为例示的实施方案在所有方面均为例示性的而非限制性的。本文提供的权利要求目的是确保本申请足以建立外国优先权而没有其它目的。
Claims (9)
1.肥料组合物，其包含：
基肥颗粒，所述基肥颗粒包含作为磷源的磷酸盐材料；
隔离涂层，其覆盖至少部分所述基肥颗粒的外表面，所述隔离涂层选自尿素、无水钾镁矾、硫酸铵、硫酸钾、硫酸镁、硫酸钙、元素硫、硅酸盐、各自的水合物及其组合；
一种或多种微量营养元素，其分散在所述隔离涂层内，以便所述一种或多种微量营养元素与所述基肥颗粒化学地和物理地分离；以及
覆盖至少部分所述隔离涂层并与所述隔离涂层相邻的包含聚乙烯亚胺的聚合物涂层，和结合进入所述聚合物涂层或结合在所述聚合物涂层上的一种或多种另外的微量营养元素。
2.如权利要求1所述的肥料组合物，其中所述基肥选自磷酸一铵、磷酸氢二铵、过磷酸钙、重过磷酸钙及其组合。
3.如权利要求1所述的肥料组合物，其中所述一种或多种微量营养元素选自硼、铜、铁、锰、钼、锌、氯、钴、钠、镍、硒及其组合。
4.如权利要求1所述的肥料组合物，其中所述一种或多种另外的微量营养元素粘附于所述聚合物涂层的外表面。
5.制备肥料组合物的方法，所述方法包括：
提供基肥颗粒，所述基肥颗粒包含作为磷源的磷酸盐材料；
使用隔离涂层涂覆至少部分所述基肥颗粒，其中所述隔离涂层选自尿素、无水钾镁矾、硫酸铵、硫酸钾、硫酸镁、硫酸钙、元素硫、硅酸盐、各自的水合物及其组合；以及
将一种或多种微量营养元素分散至所述隔离涂层；
使用包含聚乙烯亚胺的热聚合物涂层涂覆至少部分所述隔离涂层；以及
向所述热聚合物涂层添加一种或多种微量营养元素。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法，其中所述基肥选自磷酸一铵、磷酸氢二铵、过磷酸钙、重过磷酸钙及其组合。
7.如权利要求5所述的方法，其中所述一种或多种微量营养元素选自硼、铜、铁、锰、钼、锌、氯、钴、钠、镍、硒及其组合。
8.如权利要求5所述的方法，其中将所述一种或多种微量营养元素分散至所述隔离涂层包括：
将一种或多种微量营养元素粘附于所述热聚合物涂层；以及
冷却所述热聚合物涂层。
9.如权利要求5所述的方法，其中将所述一种或多种微量营养元素分散至所述隔离涂层包括：
在使用所述隔离涂层涂覆所述基肥颗粒之前，将所述一种或多种微量营养元素分散在所述隔离涂层内。
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