CN102811619B - 激酶抑制剂 - Google Patents
激酶抑制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102811619B CN102811619B CN201080051548.9A CN201080051548A CN102811619B CN 102811619 B CN102811619 B CN 102811619B CN 201080051548 A CN201080051548 A CN 201080051548A CN 102811619 B CN102811619 B CN 102811619B
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Abstract
本发明提供了一组新的蛋白激酶抑制剂,即吡咯并嘧啶和吡唑并嘧啶衍生物、及其药学上可接受的盐和前药,用于治疗细胞增殖性疾病和障碍性疾病,例如癌症、自身免疫性疾病、感染、心血管病和神经退行性疾病和障碍性疾病。本发明提供了合成和施用所述蛋白激酶抑制剂化合物的方法。本发明还提供了药学制剂,所述药学制剂包括至少一种蛋白激酶抑制剂化合物以及为此目的的药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂。本发明还提供了在吡咯并嘧啶和吡唑并嘧啶衍生物合成过程中所产生的有用中间体。
Description
相关申请
本申请要求2009年11月13日提出的美国临时申请第61/261,100号的权利。所述申请的全部内容以引用方式并入本文。
背景技术
蛋白激酶包括一大组结构上相关的磷酰基转移酶,该磷酰基转移酶将三磷酸腺苷(ATP)的末端磷酸根催化转移到蛋白的酪氨酸、丝氨酸和/或苏氨酸残基的羟基上。根据磷酸化的底物,可将蛋白激酶划分为几类,例如蛋白酪氨酸激酶(PTK)和蛋白丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶。
通过改变酶活性、细胞定位或与其它蛋白的关联,经由蛋白激酶的磷酸化,可使激酶的靶蛋白(底物)发生功能上的变化。蛋白激酶不仅在控制细胞生长和分化方面扮演着极其重要的角色,而且在很多细胞信号转导通路中也起着极其重要的调节作用。其中蛋白激酶可有效调节生长因子和诸如肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α等各种细胞因子的产生。蛋白-酪氨酸激酶的实例包括SYK、PYK2、FAK、ALK、AXL、CSF1R、FLT3、JAK2(JH1结构域-催化)、JAK3(JH1结构域-催化)、KIT、KIT(D816V)、KIT(V559D,T670I)、PDGFRB、RET、TYK2、和ZAP70。蛋白-丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶的实例包括PIM1、AURKA、AURKB、BMPR2、JNK1、JNK2、JNK3、LKB1、LRRK2、LRRK2(G2019S)、MLK1、PAK4、PLK4、RSK2(Kin.Dom.l-N-末端)、SNARK、SRPK3、和TAK1。
这些蛋白激酶的错误调节会涉及多种疾病和障碍性疾病,例如中枢神经系统障碍(例如,阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer′s disease))、炎症性和自身免疫性疾病(例如,哮喘、类风湿性关节炎、克罗恩氏病(Crohn′s disease)、和炎症性肠易激病、和银屑病)、骨疾病(例如,骨质疏松症)、代谢紊乱(例如,糖尿病)、血管增 生性疾病、眼病、心血管病、癌症、再狭窄症、疼痛感、移植排斥、和感染性疾病。尽管业内已经了解蛋白激酶的生物和临床上的重要性,但仍需要抑制蛋白激酶的化合物,以为与蛋白激酶有关或由其介导的疾病提供有效且安全的临床治疗。业内还需要向有需要的患者或受试者施用该化合物、药物制剂和药剂的方法。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种式I化合物、或其单一的立体异构体、同分异构体的混合物、或其药学上可接受的盐,
其中:
X是CH或N;
R1选自H、卤素、CN、C1-C10烷基、或卤代(C1-C4)烷基,其中C1-C10烷基或卤代(C1-C4)烷基可经任选地取代;
R2是芳基、环烷基、芳基烷基、或杂环基,其中所述芳基、环烷基、芳基烷基、或杂环基任选且独立地在一个或多个碳原子处经1-4个R5或R5a基团取代;且其中含有一个或多个氮原子的芳基和杂环基任选且独立地在一个或多个氮原子处经1-4个R6或R6a基团取代;
R3独立地为卤素、CN、或R7;且
R4选自(CH2)nOH、(CH2)nNR11R12、C(O)NHR7、C(O)NR11R12、C(O)OR7、C(O)R7、C(O)NR7R7、C(O)NR7R8、(CH2)nNR7R7、(CH2)nNR7R8、(CH2)nCN、(CH2)nSR7、(CH2)nS(O)nR7、或(CH2)nS(O)nNR7R7,其中每个n皆独立地为1或2;
其中:
每个R5独立地选自卤素、CF3、SR7、OR7、OC(O)R7、O(CH2)nNR7R7、 O(CH2)nNR11R12、O(CH2)nR7、O(CH2)nC(O)NR11R12、O(CH2)nC(O)NR7R7、NR7R7、NR7R8、NHC(O)NH2、C(O)OR7、NO2、CN、C(O)R7、OSO2CH3、S(O)nR7、S(O)nR7R7、NR7C(O)NR7R7、NR7C(O)R7、NR7C(O)OR7、NR7S(O)nR7、或NR11R12,其中每个n皆独立地为1或2;
每个R5a独立地选自氨基、卤素、羟基、C1-C10烷基、C2-C10烯基、C3-C10炔基、C3-C12环烷基、C5-C10环烯基、烷氧基、卤代烷基、芳基、杂芳基、或杂环基,其中所述C1-C10烷基、C2-C10烯基、C3-C10炔基、C3-C12环烷基、C5-C10环烯基、烷氧基、卤代烷基、芳基、杂芳基、或杂环基任选且独立地经1-3个选自卤素、羟基、烷基、R9、或R10的基团取代;
每个R6独立地为R7、C(O)CH2CN、C(O)R7、C(O)OR7、CO2(C1-C6烷基)、C(O)NR7R7、SO2NR7R7、或SO2R7;
每个R6a独立地为羟基、C1-C10烷基、C2-C10烯基、C3-C10炔基、C3-C12环烷基、C5-C10环烯基、卤代烷基,其中每个R6a基团任选且独立地经1-3个选自羟基、芳基、烷基、卤素、R9、或R10的基团取代;
每个R7独立地为H、C1-C10烷基、C2-C10烯基、C3-C10炔基、C3-C12环烷基、C5-C12环烯基、芳基、芳基(C1-C4)烷基、卤代烷基、杂芳基、或杂环基,其中所述C1-C10烷基、C2-C10烯基、C3-C10炔基、C3-C12环烷基、C5-C12环烯基、芳基、芳基(C1-C4)烷基、卤代烷基、杂芳基、或杂环基任选且独立地经1-4个选自芳基、环烷基、杂芳基、杂环基、烷基、卤素、氨基、羟基、R9、或R10的基团取代;
每个R8独立地为C(O)R7、C(O)OR7、C(O)NR7R7、或S(O)nR7,其中n为1或2;
每个R9独立地为CF3、SR7、OR7、NR7R7、NR11R12、C(O)NR7R7、C(O)NR11R12、S(O)nNR7R7、或S(O)nR7,其中每个n皆独立地为1或2;
每个R10为C(O)O(C1-C6)烷基或卤代(C1-C4)烷基;且
R11和R12与它们所键结的氮原子一起形成:
i)除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外不含杂原子的3-8元饱和 或部分饱和环,其中所述3-8元饱和或部分饱和环任选且独立地在一个或多个可取代碳原子处经1-4个选自R5或R5a的基团取代;
ii)除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外还含有1-3个杂原子的5-8元饱和或部分饱和环,其中所述1-3个杂原子独立地选自氮、氧、硫、砜、或亚砜,且其中所述含有1-3个杂原子的5-8元饱和或部分饱和环任选且独立地在一个或多个可取代碳原子处经1-4个选自R5或R5a的基团取代、且在一个或多个可取代氮原子处经R6或R6a取代;
iii)除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外不含杂原子的9-10元饱和或部分饱和二环,其中所述不含杂原子的9-10元饱和或部分饱和二环任选地在一个或多个可取代碳原子处经1-4个独立地选自R5或R5a的基团取代;
iv)除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外还含有1-5个杂原子的9-10元饱和或部分饱和二环,其中所述杂原子独立地选自氮、氧、硫、亚砜、砜、甲酰胺、或磺酰胺;或
v)除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外还含有1-3个杂原子的6-14元饱和或部分饱和桥环,其中所述1-3个杂原子独立地选自氮、氧、硫、砜、或亚砜,且其中所述含有1-3个杂原子的6-14元饱和或部分饱和桥环任选且独立地在一个或多个可取代碳原子处经1-4个选自R5或R5a的基团取代、且在一个或多个可取代氮原子处经R6或R6a取代;
或其药学上可接受的盐。
在某些方面,R1选自H、F、Cl、Br、CF3、或CH3。R1任选地经取代。
在某些方面,R2是芳基、环烷基、芳基烷基、或杂环基。所述芳基、环烷基、芳基烷基、或杂环基任选且独立地在一个或多个碳原子处经1-4个R5或R5a基团取代。在一个实施例中,R2可为芳基,且所述芳基任选地在一个或多个碳原子处经1-4个R5或R5a基团取代。R2的芳基可为含有一个或多个杂原子的杂芳基,所 述杂原子独立地选自氮、氧、硫、亚砜、或砜。R2的杂芳基和杂环基可含有一个或多个氮原子,所述氮原子任选且独立地经1-4个R6或R6a基团取代。R2的芳基可为(例如):含有0-3个杂原子的5-6元单环芳基,其中杂原子独立地选自氮、氧、或硫;含有0-5个杂原子的8-10元二环芳基,其中杂原子独立地选自氮、氧、硫、亚砜、或砜;含有0-5个杂原子的8-10元部分不饱和的二环芳基,其中杂原子独立地选自氮、氧、硫、亚砜、或砜;或,含有甲酰胺或磺酰胺的8-10元部分不饱和的二环芳基。
在一个实施例中,R2的芳基是5-6元单环芳基,例如苯基、嘧啶基、或吡啶基,所述单环芳基任选且独立地经1、2或3个选自下列的基团取代:甲基、乙基、苯基、2-羟基乙氧基、异丙基、甲氧基OC6H5、OCH2C6H5、OCH2CH2NR11R12、OCH2CH2NR7R7、OCH2C(O)NR11R12、OCH2C(O)NR7R7、CF3、OSO2CH3、SO2CH3、SO2NHCH3、或NR11R12。
在另一实施例中,R2是含有0-5个杂原子的8-10元二环芳基,其中杂原子独立地选自氮、氧、硫、或亚砜。R2的二环芳基选自吲哚基、吲唑基、萘基、或喹啉基,且任选且独立地在可取代的碳原子或氮原子处经1、2或3个选自下列的基团取代:烷基、烷氧基、卤素、芳基、杂芳基、环烷基、CF3、OCF3、C(O)烷基、C(O)芳基、S(O)2烷基;其中烷基、芳基或杂芳基任选地经羟基、氨基或砜取代。
在另一实施例中,R2是含有0-5个杂原子的8-10元部分饱和的二环芳基,其中杂原子独立地选自氮、氧、硫、亚砜、或砜。例如,8-10元部分饱和的二环基团是二氢苯并二噁英基、四氢萘基、或二氢茚基,且任选且独立地在可取代碳原子处经1、2或3个选自烷基、芳基、杂芳基、烷氧基、卤素、CF3、OCF3、或SO2CH3的基团取代。
在某些方面,R3是H、甲基、环丙基、异丙基、呋喃基、CF3、或苯基。
在一个实施例中,R4是C(O)OR7,且R7独立地为H、C1-C10烷基、C2-C10烯基、C3-C10炔基、C3-C12环烷基、C5-C12环烯基、芳基、卤代烷基、杂芳基、或杂环基。C1-C10烷基、C2-C10烯基、C3-C10炔基、C3-C12环烷基、C5-C12环烯基、芳基、卤代 烷基、杂芳基、或杂环基任选且独立地经1-4个选自羟基、卤素、氨基、芳基、环烷基、杂环基、烷基、R9、或R10的基团取代。例如,R7独立地为H或C1-C10烷基。此外,R7的C1-C10烷基可任选且独立地经1-4个选自卤素、羟基、氨基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷基氨基、或二C1-C6烷基氨基的基团取代。
在一个实施例中,R4是C(O)R7,且C(O)R7的R7独立地为C1-C10烷基、C2-C10烯基、C3-C10炔基、C3-C12环烷基、C5-C12环烯基、芳基、卤代烷基或、杂环基,其中R7任选且独立地经1-4个选自卤素、芳基、环烷基、杂环基、烷基、R9、或R10的基团取代。例如,R7可独立地选自H或C1-C10烷基。R7的C1-C10烷基可任选且独立地经1-4个选自卤素、羟基、氨基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷基氨基、或二C1-C6烷基氨基的基团取代。
在一个实施例中,R4是C(O)NHR7,且R7独立地为H、C1-C10烷基、C2-C10烯基、C2-C10炔基、C3-C12环烷基、C4-C12环烯基、芳基、芳基烷基、卤代烷基、或杂环基。C1-C10烷基、C2-C10烯基、C2-C10炔基、C3-C12环烷基、C4-C12环烯基、芳基、芳基烷基、卤代烷基、或杂环基任选且独立地经1-4个选自卤素、芳基、环烷基、杂环基、烷基、R9、或R10的基团取代。在一个实施例中,R7可选自C1-C10烷基或芳基。芳基可为苯基,该苯基任选且独立地经1、2或3个选自甲基、甲氧基、羟基、OC(O)R7、CH2OH、CH2CH2OH、NH2、NR7R7、NHC(O)NHR7、NHSO2R7、C(O)OR7、C(O)NHR7、CF3、或SO2CH3的基团取代。优选的取代基是甲基、甲氧基、CF3、和SO2CH3。R7的C1-C10烷基任选且独立地经1-4个选自氨基、卤素、羟基、苯基、苯基烷基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷基氨基、或二C1-C6烷基氨基的基团取代。
在一个实施例中,R4是C(O)NR11R12,且R11和R12与它们所键结的氮原子一起形成:(i)除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外不含杂原子的3-8元饱和或部分饱和环,其中3-8元饱和或部分饱和环任选且独立地在一个或多个可取代碳原子处经1-4个选自R5或R5a的基团取代;(ii)除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外还含有1-3个杂原子的5-8元饱和或部分饱和环,其中1-3个杂原子独立地选自氮、氧、硫、砜、或亚砜,且其中所述含有1-3个杂原子的5-8元饱和或部分饱和环 任选且独立地在一个或多个可取代碳原子处经1-4个选自R5或R5a的基团取代、且在一个或多个可取代氮原子处经R6或R6a取代;(iii)除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外不含杂原子的9-10元饱和或部分饱和二环,其中所述除所键结的氮原子以外不含杂原子的9-10元饱和或部分饱和二环任选地在一个或多个可取代碳原子处经1-4个独立选自R5或R5a的基团取代;或,(iv)除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外还含有1-5个杂原子的9-10元饱和或部分饱和二环,其中杂原子独立地选自氮、氧、硫、亚砜、砜、甲酰胺、或磺酰胺。例如,其中除所键结的氮原子以外不含杂原子的3-8元饱和或部分饱和环可任选且独立地经1-4个羟基或氨基取代。
在一个实施例中,R4是(CH2)nNR7R7。(CH2)nNR7R7的R7独立地为H、C1-C10烷基、C2-C10烯基、C3-C10炔基、C3-C12环烷基、C5-C12环烯基、芳基、卤代烷基、或杂环基。(CH2)nNR7R7的R7任选且独立地经1-4个选自卤素、芳基、环烷基、杂环基、烷基、R9、或R10的基团取代。例如,R7可独立地为H、C1-C10烷基、C3-C12环烷基、芳基、或杂环基,且该R7任选且独立地经1-4个选自羟基、氨基、芳基、烷基、或卤素的基团取代。在一个实施例中,R7独立地为H或C1-C10烷基。C1-C10烷基任选地经苯基取代。苯基可任选且独立地经一个或多个烷基、卤素、氨基、或羟基取代。
在一些方面中,R4是(CH2)nNR11R12,且R11和R12与它们所键结的氮原子一起形成:(i)除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外不含杂原子的3-8元饱和或部分饱和环,其中所述3-8元饱和或部分饱和环任选且独立地在一个或多个可取代碳原子处经1-4个选自R5或R5a的基团取代;(ii)除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外还含有1-3个杂原子的5-8元饱和或部分饱和环,其中1-3个杂原子独立地选自氮、氧、硫、砜、或亚砜,且其中所述含有1-3个杂原子的5-8元饱和或部分饱和环任选且独立地在一个或多个可取代碳原子处经1-4个选自R5或R5a的基团取代、且在一个或多个可取代氮原子处经R6或R6a取代;(iii)除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外不含杂原子的9-10元饱和或部分饱和二环,其中所述不含杂原子的9-10元饱和或部分饱和二环任选地在一个或多个可取代碳原子处经1-4个独立地选自R5 或R5a的基团取代;(iv)除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外还含有1-5个杂原子的9-10元饱和或部分饱和二环,其中杂原子独立地选自氮、氧、硫、亚砜、砜、甲酰胺、或磺酰胺;或,(v)除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外还含有1-3个杂原子的6-14元饱和或部分饱和桥环,其中1-3个杂原子独立地选自氮、氧、硫、砜、或亚砜,且其中所述含有1-3个杂原子的6-14元饱和或部分饱和桥环任选且独立地在一个或多个可取代碳原子处经1-4个选自R5或R5a的基团取代、且在一个或多个可取代氮原子处经R6或R6a取代。
在一个实施例中,R4是(CH2)nNR11R12,且R11和R12与它们所键结的氮原子一起形成除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外不含杂原子的3-8元饱和或部分饱和环。除所键结的氮原子以外不含杂原子的3-8元饱和或部分饱和环任选且独立地在一个或多个可取代碳原子处经1-4个选自R5或R5a的基团取代。除所键结的氮以外不含杂原子的3-8元饱和或部分饱和环可为4、5或6元饱和环,该4、5或6元饱和环任选且独立地在一个或多个可取代碳原子处经一个或多个羟基、OC(O)R7、CH2OH、CH2CH2OH、NH2、NR7R7、NHC(O)NHR7、NHSO2R7、C(O)OR7、或C(O)NHR7取代。优选地,3-8元环选自氮杂环丁基(azetidinyl)、吡咯烷基、或哌啶基,其任选且独立地在一个或多个可取代碳原子处经羟基、卤素、OC(O)R7、CH2OH、CH2CH2OH、NH2、NR7R7、NHC(O)NHR7、NHSO2R7、C(O)OR7、或C(O)NHR7取代。
在一个实施例中,R4是(CH2)nNR11R12,且R11和R12与它们所键结的氮原子一起形成除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外还含有1-3个杂原子的5-8元饱和或部分饱和环。其中1-3个杂原子独立地选自氮、氧、硫、砜、或亚砜,且所述含有1-3个杂原子的5-8元饱和或部分饱和环任选且独立地在一个或多个可取代碳原子处经1-4个选自R5或R5a的基团取代、且在一个或多个可取代氮原子处经R6或R6a取代。例如,所述含有1-3个杂原子的5-8元饱和或部分饱和环是含有1个杂原子的6元或7元饱和环。杂原子可为氮,且任选地经C1-C10烷基、羟基C2-C10烷基、或C(O)NHR7取代。或者,杂原子可为氧。在一个实施例中,氧与R11、R12以及与R11、R12所键结的氮原子可形成吗啉基。所述含有1-3个杂原子的5-8元饱 和或部分饱和环可为吗啉基、硫吗啉基、哌嗪基、或高哌嗪基。哌嗪基或高哌嗪基任选且独立地在氮原子处经羟基、C1-C10烷基、CH2CH2OH、C(O)R7、C(O)NHR7、SO2R7、SO2NHR7、或C(O)OR7取代。
在一个实施例中,R4是(CH2)nNR11R12,且R11和R12与它们所键结的氮原子一起可形成除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外不含杂原子的9-10元饱和或部分饱和二环。所述除所键结的氮原子以外不含杂原子的9-10元饱和或部分饱和二环任选地在一个或多个可取代碳原子处经1-4个独立地选自R5或R5a的基团取代。例如,所述二环可形成四氢异喹啉。所述二环还可在环内含有芳基。
在一个实施例中,R4是(CH2)nNR11R12,且R11和R12与它们所键结的氮原子一起可形成除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外还含有1-5个杂原子的9-10元饱和或部分饱和二环。其中1-5个杂原子独立地选自氮、氧、硫、亚砜、砜、甲酰胺、或磺酰胺。所述含有1-5个杂原子的9-10元饱和或部分饱和二环可任选且独立地在一个或多个可取代碳原子处经1-4个选自R5或R5a的基团取代、且在一个或多个可取代氮原子处经R6或R6a取代。所述二环还可在环内含有芳基。
在一个实施例中,R4是(CH2)nNR11R12,且R11和R12与它们所键结的氮原子一起可形成除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外还含有1-3个杂原子的6-14元饱和或部分饱和桥环,其中1-3个杂原子独立地选自氮、氧、硫、砜、或亚砜,且其中所述含有1-3个杂原子的6-14元饱和或部分饱和桥环任选且独立地在一个或多个可取代碳原子处经1-4个选自R5或R5a的基团取代、且在一个或多个可取代氮原子处经R6或R6a取代。
本发明还涉及:包括这些化合物的组合物;制备这些化合物的方法;通过使用这些化合物抑制酶活性,尤其抑制SYK、PYK2、FAK、ZAP70、PIM1、RET、FLT3、JAK2和LRRK2激酶活性的方法;以及,为哺乳动物治疗疾病或疾病综合征的方法,其中尤其可通过抑制激酶活性影响治疗疾病的效果。
式(I)化合物用于抑制一种或多种蛋白激酶,且用于治疗由蛋白激酶介导的疾病和障碍性疾病,例如癌症、自身免疫性疾病、感染、心血管病和神经退行性疾病。
在一个方面,本发明提供了药物组合物,该药物组合物包括式(I)化合物和药学上可接受的载体。在某些实施例中,这些药物组合物经过调配以进行静脉内给药、皮下给药、吸入、经口给药、直肠给药、非肠道给药、玻璃体内给药、肌内给药、鼻内给药、经皮给药、局部给药、耳内给药、眼内给药、颊内给药、气管给药、支气管给药、或经舌下给药。在其它实施例中,将所述药物组合物调配成锭剂、丸剂、胶囊、液体、吸入剂、鼻腔喷雾、栓剂、溶液、凝胶、乳液、软膏、滴眼剂、或滴耳剂。
在一个方面,本发明提供了在活体内(in vivo)或活体外(in vitro)抑制SYK、PYK2、FAK、ZAP70、PIM1、FLT3、RET、JAK2、JAK3、LRRK2、LRRK2(G2019S)、ABL1(T315I)、AURKB、AXL、FLT3、KIT、KIT(D816V)、KIT(V559D、T670I)、MKNK2、MLK1、PDGFRB、PLK3、RET、SNARK、SRPK3、TAK1、或TYK2信号转导的方法,该方法包括向所述受试者施用有效量的根据权利要求1所述的化合物。
在一个方面,本发明提供了治疗细胞增殖性疾病或病况(例如癌症)的方法,该方法包括向有此治疗需要的受试者施用治疗有效量的式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、或其药物组合物或药剂,其中细胞增殖性疾病或病况包括(例如)淋巴瘤、骨肉瘤、黑素瘤、乳腺癌、肾癌、前列腺癌、结直肠癌、甲状腺癌、卵巢癌、胰腺癌、神经癌、肺癌、子宫癌、或胃肠癌。在一个方面,本发明提供了使用根据权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐抑制癌细胞生长的方法。
在另一方面,本发明提供了为患者治疗SYK、PYK2、FAK、ZAP70、PIM1、FLT3、RET、JAK2、JAK3、LRRK2、LRRK2(G2019S)、ABL1(T315I)、AURKB、AXL、FLT3、KIT、KIT(D816V)、KIT(V559D、T670I)、MKNK2、MLK1、PDGFRB、PLK3、RET、SNARK、SRPK3、TAK1、或TYK2-介导的疾病、障碍性疾病或病况的药剂,该药剂包括治疗有效量的式(I)化合物。
在另一方面,本发明提供了一种式(I)化合物在制造药剂中的用途,其中所述药剂用于治疗SYK、PYK2、FAK、ZAP70、PIM1、FLT3、RET、JAK2、JAK3、 LRRK2、LRRK2(G2019S)、ABL1(T315I)、AURKB、AXL、FLT3、KIT、KIT(D816V)、KIT(V559D、T670I)、MKNK2、MLK1、PDGFRB、PLK3、RET、SNARK、SRPK3、TAK1、或TYK2-介导的疾病、障碍性疾病或病况。
在另一方面,本发明提供了抑制蛋白激酶的方法,该方法包括向有需要的受试者施用治疗有效量的式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、或其药物组合物。所述蛋白激酶包括(但不限于)SYK、PYK2、FAK、ZAP70、PIM1、FLT3、RET、JAK2、JAK3、LRRK2、LRRK2(G2019S)、ABL1(T315I)、AURKB、AXL、FLT3、KIT、KIT(D816V)、KIT(V559D、T670I)、MKNK2、MLK1、PDGFRB、PLK3、RET、SNARK、SRPK3、TAK1、或TYK2激酶。
在另一方面,本发明提供了抑制蛋白激酶的方法,该方法包括使细胞与式(I)化合物接触。在某个实施例中,式(I)化合物可有效抑制一种或多种激酶的活性,其中所述激酶选自SYK、PYK2、FAK、ZAP70、PIM1、FLT3、RET、JAK2、JAK3、LRRK2、LRRK2(G2019S)、ABL1(T315I)、AURKB、AXL、FLT3、KIT、KIT(D816V)、KIT(V559D,T670I)、MKNK2、MLK1、PDGFRB、PLK3、RET、SNARK、SRPK3、TAK1、或TYK2。
在另一方面,本发明提供了治疗蛋白激酶介导的疾病或病况的方法,该方法包括向有此治疗需要的受试者施用治疗有效量的式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、或其药物组合物或药剂。所述蛋白激酶包括(但不限于)SYK、PYK2、FAK、ZAP70、PIM1、FLT3、RET、JAK2、JAK3、LRRK2、LRRK2(G2019S)、ABL1(T315I)、AURKB、AXL、FLT3、KIT、KIT(D816V)、KIT(V559D,T670I)、MKNK2、MLK1、PDGFRB、PLK3、RET、SNARK、SRPK3、TAK1、或TYK2。
在某些实施例中,蛋白激酶介导的疾病或病况是炎症性疾病或病况、呼吸性疾病或自身免疫性疾病或病况,例如哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)、成人呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)、溃疡性结肠炎、克罗恩氏病、支气管炎、皮炎、变应性鼻炎、银屑病、硬皮病、荨麻疹、类风湿性关节炎、多发性硬化、癌症、乳腺癌、艾滋病病毒(HIV)相关疾病、或狼疮。
在另一方面,本发明提供了通过向受试者施用治疗有效量的式(I)化合物或 其药学上可接受的盐来治疗神经/神经退行性疾病或病况的方法。在某个实施例中,所述神经/神经退行性疾病或病况包括(例如)阿尔茨海默病、脑水肿、脑缺血、多发性硬化、神经病、帕金森病、钝伤或手术创伤(包括手术后认知功能障碍、和脊髓或脑干损伤)、以及神经方面的疾病(例如退行性椎间盘疾病和坐骨神经痛)。
在另一方面,本发明提供了通过向受试者施用治疗有效量的式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐治疗心血管病的方法。其中,所述心血管病影响心脏或血管,且包括(例如):动脉粥样硬化、心律紊乱、咽痛、心肌缺血、心肌梗塞、心脏或脉管瘤、脉管炎、中风、肢体或器官或组织的周围阻塞性动脉病、器官或组织缺血后的再灌注损伤、内毒素性或外科手术或创伤性休克、高血压、瓣膜性心脏病、心力衰竭、异常血压、血管收缩、血管异常、或炎症。
在另一方面,本发明提供了通过向受试者施用治疗有效量的式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、且与第二种治疗试剂的组合来治疗激酶介导的疾病或病况的方法。
在使用本发明化合物的上述方法中,将式(I)化合物或药学上可接受的盐施予包括细胞或组织的系统。在某些实施例中,向人或动物受试者施用式(I)化合物、其药学上可接受的盐、其药物组合物或药剂。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一组吡咯并嘧啶衍生物及其药学上可接受的盐,用于抑制一种或多种蛋白激酶,且用于治疗由所述蛋白激酶介导的疾病和障碍性疾病,例如细胞增殖性疾病和障碍性疾病,例如癌症、自身免疫性疾病、感染、心血管病、及神经退行性疾病和障碍性疾病(例如阿尔茨海默病)。本发明还提供了合成和施用所述吡咯并嘧啶衍生物的方法。本发明还提供了药物制剂,该药物制剂包括至少一种本发明化合物及药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂。本发明还提供了在合成吡咯并嘧啶衍生化合物期间所产生的有用的中间体。
本发明提供了一种式I化合物、或其单一的立体异构体、或同分异构体的混 合物、或其药学上可接受的盐,
X是CH或N。
R1选自H、卤素、CN、C1-C10烷基、或卤代(C1-C4)烷基。例如,R1可为H、F、Cl、Br、CF3、或CH3。R1的C1-C10烷基或卤代(C1-C4)烷基可任选地经一个或多个适宜的取代基取代,其中适宜的取代基例如卤素、氨基、羟基、烷氧基、或卤代烷基。
R2是芳基、环烷基、芳基烷基、或杂环基。R2的芳基、环烷基、芳基烷基、或杂环基任选且独立地在一个或多个碳原子处经1-4个R5或R5a基团取代、且在一个或多个氮原子处经1-4个R6或R6a基团取代。R2可为含有一个或多个杂原子的芳基、芳基烷基、或杂环基,其中杂原子选自氮、氧、硫、亚砜、砜、甲酰胺、或磺酰胺。所述R2的杂芳基、杂芳基烷基、或杂环基含有一个或多个氮杂原子,其中氮杂原子任选且独立地经1-4个R6或R6a基团取代。
R2的芳基一般包括(但不限于):(1)含有0-3个杂原子的5-6元单环芳基,其中杂原子独立地选自氮、氧、或硫;(2)含有0-5个杂原子的8-10元二环芳基,其中杂原子独立地选自氮、氧、硫、亚砜、或砜;(3)含有0-5个杂原子的8-10元部分饱和的二环芳基,其中杂原子独立地选自氮、氧、硫、亚砜、或砜;或,(4)含有甲酰胺或磺酰胺的8-10元部分饱和的二环芳基。R2芳基的非限制性实例包括:苯基、3-氯苯基、2,6-二溴苯基、嘧啶基、吡啶基、3-甲基吡啶基、苯并噻吩基、2,4,6-三溴苯基、4-乙基苯并噻吩基、呋喃基、苯并呋喃基、吲哚基、吲唑基、二氢苯并二噁英基、二氢茚基、3,4-二乙基呋喃基、萘基、四氢萘基、喹啉基、4,7-二氯萘基、吡咯、吡唑、咪唑、噻唑等。R2的芳基可任选地经取代。
具体而言,R2可为含有0-3个杂原子的5-6元单环芳基,其中杂原子独立地选自氮、氧、或硫。例如,R2的5-6元单环芳基是苯基,该苯基任选且独立地经1、2或3个选自下列的基团取代:甲基、乙基、异丙基、甲氧基、2-羟基乙氧基、CF3、OC6H5、OCH2C6H5、OCH2CH2NR11R12、OCH2CH2NR7R7、OCH2C(O)NR11R12、OCH2C(O)NR7R7、OSO2CH3、SO2CH3、SO2NHCH3、或NR11R12。羟基乙氧基是OCH2CH2OH。简言之,OCH2CH2NR11R12、OCH2C(O)NR11R12、或NR11R12的R11R12与它们所键结的氮原子一起可形成:(i)除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外不含杂原子的3-8元饱和或部分饱和环,例如,吡咯烷基或哌啶基;或(ii)除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外还含有1-3个杂原子的5-8元饱和或部分饱和环,例如吗啉基、哌嗪基或高哌嗪基。对R11R12的阐述将在下文中作进一步详细论述。
R2可为含有0-5个杂原子的8-10元二环芳基,其中杂原子独立地选自氮、氧、硫、亚砜、或砜。例如,所述8-10元二环芳基可选自吲哚基、吲唑基、苯并噻吩基、苯并噻唑基、苯并呋喃基、萘基、或喹啉基,且任选且独立地在可取代的碳原子或氮原子处经1、2或3个选自下列的基团取代:烷基、芳基、杂芳基、烷氧基、卤素、卤代烷基、环烷基、或砜,例如CF3、OCF3、C(O)C6H5或S(O)2CH3。其中烷基、芳基或杂芳基任选地经羟基、氨基、或砜取代。
R2可为含有苯环的8-10元部分饱和的二环基团,其中苯环与含有0-5个杂原子的非芳香族碳环或杂环稠合,其中杂原子独立地选自氮、氧、硫、亚砜、或砜。例如,8-10元部分饱和的二环基团是二氢茚基、四氢萘基、或二氢苯并二噁英基,任选且独立地在可取代的碳原子处经1、2或3个选自烷基、芳基、杂芳基、烷氧基、卤素、CF3、OCF3、或SO2CH3的基团取代。
R3可为H、卤素、CN、或R7。例如,R3选自H、C1-C6烷基、环烷基、或芳基。优选地,R3选自H、环丙基、异丙基、呋喃基、甲基、乙基、CF3、或苯基。甲基、乙基、或苯基可任选且独立地经一个或多个选自卤素、芳基、环烷基、杂环基、烷基、R9、或R10的基团取代。
每个R5独立地选自卤素、CF3、SR7、OR7、OC(O)R7、O(CH2)nNR7R7、 O(CH2)nNR11R12、O(CH2)nR7、O(CH2)nC(O)NR11R12、O(CH2)nC(O)NR7R7、NR7R7、NR7R8、NHC(O)NH2、C(O)OR7、NO2、CN、C(O)R7、OSO2CH3、S(O)nR7、S(O)nNR7R7、NR7C(O)NR7R7、NR7C(O)R7、NR7C(O)OR7、NR7S(O)nR7、或NR11R12。每个n皆独立地为1或2。
每个R5a独立地选自氨基、卤素、羟基、C1-C10烷基、C2-C10烯基、C3-C10炔基、C3-C12环烷基、C5-C10环烯基、烷氧基、卤代烷基、芳基、杂芳基、或杂环基。其中R5a的C1-C10烷基、C2-C10烯基、C3-C10炔基、C3-C12环烷基、C5-C10环烯基、烷氧基、卤代烷基、芳基、杂芳基、或杂环基任选且独立地经1至3个选自卤素、羟基、烷基、R9、或R10的基团取代。
每个R6独立地为R7、C(O)CH2CN、C(O)R7、C(O)OR7、CO2(C1-C6烷基)、C(O)NR7R7、SO2NR7R7、或SO2R7。
每个R6a独立地为羟基、C1-C10烷基、C2-C10烯基、C3-C10炔基、C3-C12环烷基、C5-C10环烯基、卤代烷基。每个R6a基团任选且独立地经1-3个选自羟基、芳基、烷基、卤素、R9、或R10的基团取代。
每个R7独立地为H、C1-C10烷基、C2-C10烯基、C3-C10炔基、C3-C12环烷基、C5-C12环烯基、芳基、芳基(C1-C4)烷基、卤代烷基、杂芳基、或杂环基。C1-C10烷基、C2-C10烯基、C3-C10炔基、C3-C12环烷基、C5-C12环烯基、芳基、芳基(C1-C4)烷基、卤代烷基、杂芳基、或杂环基任选且独立地经1-4个选自芳基、环烷基、杂芳基、杂环基、烷基、卤素、氨基、羟基、R9、或R10的基团取代。
每个R8独立地为C(O)R7、C(O)OR7、C(O)NR7R7或S(O)nR7。n为1或2。
每个R9独立地为CF3、SR7、OR7、NR7R7、NR11R12、C(O)NR7R7、C(O)NR11R12、S(O)nNR7R7、或S(O)nR7,其中每个n皆独立地为1或2。每个n皆独立地为1或2。
每个R10皆为C(O)O(C1-C6)烷基或卤代(C1-C4)烷基。
R11和R12与它们所键结的氮原子一起形成:(i)除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外不含杂原子的3-8元饱和或部分饱和环,所述3-8元饱和或部分饱和环包括(但不限于)氮杂环丁基、吡咯烷基、或哌啶基,且任选且独立地在一个或多 个可取代碳原子处经1-4个选自R5或R5a的基团取代;(ii)除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外还含有1-3个杂原子的5-8元饱和或部分饱和环,其中1-3个杂原子独立地选自氮、氧、硫、砜、或亚砜;且所述含有1-3个杂原子的5-8元饱和或部分饱和环包括(但不限于)吗啉基、硫吗啉基、哌嗪基、或高哌嗪基,且任选且独立地在一个或多个可取代碳原子处经1-4个选自R5或R5a的基团取代、且在一个或多个可取代氮原子处经R6或R6a取代;(iii)除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外不含杂原子的9-10元饱和或部分饱和二环,所述不含杂原子的9-10元饱和或部分饱和二环任选地在一个或多个可取代碳原子处经1-4个独立地选自R5或R5a的基团取代;(iv)除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外还含有1-5个杂原子的9-10元饱和或部分饱和二环,其中杂原子独立地选自氮、氧、硫、亚砜、砜、甲酰胺、或磺酰胺;或,(v)除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外还含有1-3个杂原子的6-14元饱和或部分饱和桥环,其中1-3个杂原子独立地选自氮、氧、硫、砜、或亚砜,且所述含有1-3个杂原子的6-14元饱和或部分饱和桥环任选且独立地在一个或多个可取代碳原子处经1-4个选自R5或R5a的基团取代、且在一个或多个可取代氮原子处经R6或R6a取代。
R4选自(CH2)nOH、(CH2)nNR11R12、C(O)NHR7、C(O)NR11R12、C(O)OR7、C(O)R7、C(O)NR7R7、C(O)NR7R8、(CH2)nNR7R7、(CH2)nNR7R8、(CH2)nCN、(CH2)nSR7、(CH2)nS(O)nR7、或(CH2)nS(O)nNR7R7。每个n皆独立地为1或2。
当R4是C(O)OR7时,C(O)OR7的R7是H、C1-C10烷基、C2-C10烯基、C3-C10炔基、C3-C12环烷基、C5-C12环烯基、芳基、卤代烷基、或杂环基。其中C1-C10烷基、C2-C10烯基、C3-C10炔基、C3-C12环烷基、C5-C12环烯基、芳基、卤代烷基、或杂环基任选且独立地经1-4个选自卤素、芳基、环烷基、杂环基、烷基、R9、或R10的基团取代。当R4是C(O)OR7时,R7优选地为甲基、乙基或丙基,且任选且独立地经一个或多个选自卤素、羟基、氨基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷基氨基、或二C1-C6烷基氨基的基团取代。
当R4是C(O)R7时,C(O)R7的R7独立地为H、C1-C10烷基、C2-C10烯基、C3-C10炔基、C3-C12环烷基、C5-C12环烯基、芳基、卤代烷基、或杂环基。由R7所表示 的基团任选且独立地经1-3个选自卤素、芳基、环烷基、杂环基、烷基、R9、或R10的基团取代。例如,R7可选自H或C1-C10烷基,且R7基团可任选且独立地经1-4个选自卤素、羟基、氨基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷基氨基、或二C1-C6烷基氨基的基团取代。
当R4是C(O)NHR7时,C(O)NHR7的R7选自H、C1-C10烷基、C2-C10烯基、C3-C10炔基、C3-C12环烷基、C5-C12环烯基、芳基、卤代烷基、杂芳基、或杂环基。其中C1-C10烷基、C2-C10烯基、C3-C10炔基、C3-C12环烷基、C5-C12环烯基、芳基、卤代烷基、杂芳基、或杂环基任选且独立地经1-4个选自卤素、芳基、环烷基、杂环基、烷基、R9、或R10的基团取代。在一个实施例中,R7是苯基,且可任选且独立地经1、2或3个选自甲基、乙基、甲氧基、CF3、OC(O)R7、CH2OH、CH2CH2OH、NH2、NR7R7、NHC(O)NHR7、NHSO2R7、C(O)OR7、C(O)NHR7、或8O2CH3的基团取代。R7可为C1-C10烷基,且所述C1-C10烷基基团任选且独立地经1-3个选自氨基、卤素、羟基、苯基、C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷氧基、C1-C6烷基氨基、或二C1-C6烷基氨基的基团取代。
当R4是C(O)NR11R12时,R11和R12与它们所键结的氮原子一起形成:(i)除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外不含杂原子的3-8元饱和或部分饱和环,其中所述3-8元饱和或部分饱和环任选且独立地在一个或多个可取代碳原子处经1-4个选自R5或R5a的基团取代;(ii)除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外还含有1-3个杂原子的5-8元饱和或部分饱和环,其中1-3个杂原子独立地选自氮、氧、硫、砜、或亚砜,且其中所述含有1-3个杂原子的5-8元饱和或部分饱和环任选且独立地在一个或多个可取代碳原子处经1-4个选自R5或R5a的基团取代、且在一个或多个可取代氮原子处经R6或R6a取代;(iii)除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外不含杂原子的9-10元饱和或部分饱和二环,其中所述不含杂原子的9-10元环饱和或部分饱和二环任选地在一个或多个可取代碳原子处经1-4个独立地选自R5或R5a的基团取代;或,(iv)除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外还含有1-5个杂原子的9-10元饱和或部分饱和二环,其中杂原子独立地选自氮、氧、硫、亚砜、砜、甲酰胺、或磺酰胺。
当R4是C(O)NR11R12时,R11和R12与它们所键结的氮原子一起形成除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外不含杂原子的3-8元饱和或部分饱和环。所述除所键结的氮原子以外不含杂原子的3-8元饱和或部分饱和环任选且独立地在一个或多个可取代碳原子处经1-4个选自R5或R5a的基团取代。例如,所述除所键结的氮原子以外不含杂原子的3-8元饱和或部分饱和环可为氮杂环丁基、吡咯烷基、或哌啶基,其中氮杂环丁基、吡咯烷基、或哌啶基任选且独立地在可取代碳原子处经1-4个选自羟基、CH2OH、CH2CH2OH、NH2、NHR7、NHCOR7、NHC(O)NHR7、或NR7R7的基团取代。
当R4是C(O)NR11R12时,R11和R12与它们所键结的氮原子一起可形成除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外还含有1-3个杂原子的5-8元饱和或部分饱和环。所述5-8元饱和或部分饱和环的1-3个杂原子独立地选自氮、氧、硫、砜、或亚砜。所述含有1-3个杂原子的5-8元饱和或部分饱和环可任选且独立地在一个或多个可取代碳原子处经1-4个选自R5或R5a的基团取代。所述杂原子可为一个或多个氮原子,且所述一个或多个氮原子可任选且独立地经1-4个R6或R6a基团取代。
当R4是C(O)NR11R12时,R11和R12与它们所键结的氮原子一起可形成除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外不含杂原子的9-10元饱和或部分饱和二环。所述除所键结的氮原子以外不含杂原子的9-10元饱和或部分饱和二环任选地在一个或多个可取代碳原子处经1-4个独立地选自R5或R5a的基团取代。所述除所键结的氮原子以外不含杂原子的9-10元饱和或部分饱和二环可在该二环内含有芳基。
当R4是C(O)NR11R12时,R11和R12与它们所键结的氮原子一起可形成除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外还含有1-5个杂原子的9-10元饱和或部分饱和二环,其中1-5个杂原子独立地选自氮、氧、硫、亚砜、砜、甲酰胺、或磺酰胺。所述含有1-5个杂原子的9-10元饱和或部分饱和二环可任选且独立地在一个或多个可取代碳原子处经1-4个选自R5或R5a的基团取代。其中1-5个杂原子可为一个或多个氮原子,且所述一个或多个氮原子可任选且独立地经1-4个R6或R6a基团取代。所述含有1-5个杂原子的9-10元饱和或部分饱和二环可在该二环基团内含有芳基。
当R4是(CH2)nNR7R7时,(CH2)nNR7R7的R7独立地选自H、C1-C10烷基、C2-C10烯基、C3-C10炔基、C3-C12环烷基、C5-C12环烯基、芳基、卤代烷基、杂芳基、或杂环基。其中C1-C10烷基、C2-C10烯基、C3-C10炔基、C3-C12环烷基、C5-C12环烯基、芳基、卤代烷基、杂芳基、或杂环基任选且独立地经1-4个选自卤素、芳基、环烷基、杂环基、烷基、R9、或R10的基团取代。例如,R7可独立地为H或C1-C10烷基,且R7任选且独立地经1-4个选自羟基、氨基、芳基、烷基、或卤素的基团取代。在一个实施例中,C1-C10烷基任选地经苯基取代,其中苯基可任选且独立地经一个或多个烷基、卤素、氨基、羟基、烷氧基、或CF3取代。
当R4是(CH2)nNR11R12时,R11和R12与它们所键结的氮原子一起形成:(i)除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外不含杂原子的3-8元饱和或部分饱和环,其中所述3-8元饱和或部分饱和环任选且独立地在一个或多个可取代碳原子处经1-4个选自R5或R5a的基团取代;(ii)除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外还含有1-3个杂原子的5-8元饱和的或部分饱和环,其中1-3个杂原子独立地选自氮、氧、硫、砜、或亚砜,且其中所述含有1-3个杂原子的5-8元饱和或部分饱和环任选且独立地在一个或多个可取代碳原子处经1-4个选自R5或R5a的基团取代、且在一个或多个可取代氮原子处经R6或R6a取代;(iii)除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外不含杂原子的9-10元饱和或部分饱和二环,其中所述不含杂原子的9-10元饱和或部分饱和二环任选地在一个或多个可取代碳原子处经1-4个独立地选自R5或R5a的基团取代;(iv)除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外还含有1-5个杂原子的9-10元饱和或部分饱和二环,其中杂原子独立地选自氮、氧、硫、亚砜、砜、甲酰胺、或磺酰胺;或,(v)除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外还含有1-3个杂原子的6-14元饱和或部分饱和桥环,其中1-3个杂原子独立地选自氮、氧、硫、砜、或亚砜,且其中所述含有1-3个杂原子的6-14元饱和或部分饱和桥环任选且独立地在一个或多个可取代碳原子处经1-4个选自R5或R5a的基团取代、且在一个或多个可取代氮原子处经R6或R6a取代。
在一个实施例中,R4是(CH2)nNR11R12,且R11和R12与它们所键结的氮原子一起形成除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外不含杂原子的3-8元饱和或部分饱和环。 所述除所键结的氮原子以外不含杂原子的3-8元饱和或部分饱和环任选且独立地在一个或多个可取代碳原子处经1-4个选自R5或R5a的基团取代。所述除所键结的氮以外不含杂原子的3-8元饱和或部分饱和环可为在一个或多个可取代碳原子处经任选取代的4、5或6元饱和环。优选地,所述3-8元环是氮杂环丁基、吡咯烷基、或哌啶基,其中氮杂环丁基、吡咯烷基、或哌啶基任选且独立地在一个或多个可取代碳原子处经1-2个选自羟基、卤素、OC(O)R7、CH2OH、CH2CH2OH、NH2、NR7R7、NHC(O)NHR7、NHSO2R7、C(O)OR7、或C(O)NHR7的基团取代。
在一个实施例中,R4是(CH2)nNR11R12,且R11和R12与它们所键结的氮原子一起形成除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外还含有1-3个杂原子的5-8元饱和或部分饱和环,其中1-3个杂原子独立地选自氮、氧、硫、砜、或亚砜。所述含有1-3个杂原子的5-8元饱和或部分饱和环任选且独立地在一个或多个可取代碳原子处经1-4个选自R5或R5a的基团取代、且在一个或多个可取代氮原子处经R6或R6a取代。例如,所述含有1-3个杂原子的5-8元饱和或部分饱和环是含有1个杂原子的6元或7元饱和环。所述杂原子可为氮,其中氮任选地经C1-C10烷基、羟基C2-C10烷基、或C(O)NHR7取代。或者,所述杂原子可为氧。在一个实施例中,氧、与R11、R12以及它们所键结的氮原子可形成吗啉基。因此,所述含有1-3个杂原子的5-8元饱和或部分饱和环可为吗啉基、硫吗啉基、哌嗪基、或高哌嗪基。哌嗪基或高哌嗪基任选且独立地在氮原子处经一个或多个选自羟基、C1-C10烷基、CH2CH2OH、C(O)R7、C(O)NHR7、SO2R7、SO2NHR7、或C(O)OR7的基团取代。
在一个实施例中,R4是(CH2)nNR11R12,且R11和R12与它们所键结的氮原子一起可形成除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外不含杂原子的9-10元饱和或部分饱和二环。所述除所键结的氮原子以外不含杂原子的9-10元饱和或部分饱和二环是四氢异喹啉,其中四氢异喹啉任选地在一个或多个可取代碳原子处经1-4个独立地选自R5或R5a的基团取代。所述二环还可在该环内含有芳基。
在一个实施例中,R4是(CH2)nNR11R12,且R11和R12与它们所键结的氮原子一起可形成除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外还含有1-5个杂原子的9-10元饱和或部分饱和二环,其中1-5个杂原子独立地选自氮、氧、硫、亚砜、砜、甲酰胺、或 磺酰胺。所述含有1-5个杂原子的9-10元饱和或部分饱和二环可任选且独立地在一个或多个可取代碳原子处经1-4个选自R5或R5a的基团取代、且在一个或多个可取代氮原子处经R6或R6a取代。所述二环还可在该环内含有芳基。
在一个实施例中,R4是(CH2)nNR11R12,且R11和R12与它们所键结的氮原子一起可形成除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外还含有1-3个杂原子的6-14元饱和或部分饱和桥环,其中1-3个杂原子独立地选自氮、氧、硫、砜、或亚砜。其中所述含有1-3个杂原子的6-14元饱和或部分饱和桥环任选且独立地在一个或多个可取代碳原子处经1-4个选自R5或R5a的基团取代、且在一个或多个可取代氮原子处经R6或R6a取代。
术语“烷基”单独使用、或作为较大基团(例如“芳基烷基”或“环烷基”)部分的一部分使用时,是指含有1-15个碳原子(除非另有说明)的直链或支链烃基,且包括(例如)甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基、叔丁基、正戊基、异戊基、正己基等。烷基可不经取代、或经一个或多个适宜的取代基取代。
术语“环烷基”是指单环或多环烃环基团,且包括(例如)环丙基、环庚基、环辛基、环癸基、环丁基、金钢烷基、降蒎烷基、十氢萘基(decalinyl)、降莰烷基(norbornyl)、环己基、环戊基等。环烷基可不经取代、或经一个或多个适宜的取代基取代。
术语“杂”是指用至少一个杂原子(例如N、S和O)替代环系统中的至少一个碳原子。
术语“杂环烷基”意指非芳香族单环或多环,其包括碳和氢原子和至少一个杂原子(优选为1-4个选自N、O、S、砜、或亚砜的杂原子)。杂环烷基可在环基团内含有一个或多个碳-碳双键或碳-杂原子双键,条件是该环基团不因该双键的出现而赋予芳香性。杂环烷基的实例包括氮杂环丁基、氮丙定基、吡咯烷基、哌啶基、哌嗪基、高哌嗪基、吗啉基、硫吗啉基、四氢呋喃基、四氢硫代呋喃基、四氢吡喃基、吡喃基等。杂环烷基可不经取代、或经一个或多个适宜的取代基取代。
本文所用术语“卤素”包括氟、氯、溴、和碘。
本文所用术语“烯基”是指含有2-6个碳原子和一个双键的直链和支链烃基,包括乙烯基、3-丁烯-1-基、2-乙烯基丁基、3-己烯-1-基等。烯基可不经取代、或经一个或多个适宜的取代基取代。
本文所用术语“炔基”是指含有2-6个碳原子和一个三键的直链和支链烃基,包括乙炔基、3-丁炔-1-基、丙炔基、2-丁炔-1-基、3-戊炔-1-基等。炔基可不经取代、或经一个或多个适宜的取代基取代。
本文所用术语“烷氧基”是指上述通过氧键结的烷基,其实例包括甲氧基、乙氧基、异丙氧基、叔丁氧基等。此外,烷氧基还指聚醚,例如-O-(CH2)2-O-CH3等。烷氧基可不经取代、或经一个或多个适宜的取代基取代。
本文所用术语“芳基”是指未经取代或经取代的芳香族单环或多环基团,包括(例如)苯基和萘基。术语“芳基”还包括与非芳香族碳环或杂环稠合的苯环。术语“芳基”可与“芳基环”、“芳香族基团”和“芳香族环”互换使用。杂芳基含有4-14个原子,其中1-9个原子独立地选自由O、S和N组成的组。杂芳基在5-8元芳香族基团中含有1-3个杂原子。芳基或杂芳基可为单环-或二环芳香族基团。典型的芳基和杂芳基包括(例如)苯基、喹啉基、吲唑基、吲哚基、二氢苯并二噁英基、3-氯苯基、2,6-二溴苯基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、3-甲基吡啶基、苯并噻吩基、2,4,6-三溴苯基、4-乙基苯并噻吩基、呋喃基、3,4-二乙基呋喃基、萘基、4,7-二氯萘基、吡咯、吡唑、咪唑、噻唑等。芳基或杂芳基可不经取代、或经一个或多个适宜的取代基取代。
本文所用术语“卤代烷基”是指一个或多个氢原子被卤素原子替代的任意烷基。卤代烷基的实例包括-CF3、-CFH2、-CF2H等。
本文所用术语“芳基烷基”是指一个或多个氢原子被芳基替代的任意烷基。芳基烷基的实例包括苄基(C6H5CH2-)等。
本文所用术语“羟基(hydroxyl或hydroxy)”是指-OH。
本文所用术语“氨基”是指-NH2。
本文所用术语“羟基烷基”是指烷基的任意羟基衍生物。术语“羟基烷基”包括一个或多个氢原子被-OH基团替代的任意烷基。
本文所用术语“激酶面板(kinase panel)”是指一组激酶列示,包括(但不限于)ABL1(E255K)-磷酸化、ABL1(T315I)-磷酸化、ABL1-磷酸化、ACVR1B、ADCK3、AKT1、AKT2、ALK、AURKA、AURKB、AXL、BMPR2、BRAF、BRAF(V600E)、BTK、CDK11、CDK2、CDK3、CDK7、CDK9、CHEK1、CSF1R、CSNK1D、CSNK1G2、DCAMKL1、DYRK1B、EGFR、EGFR(L858R)、EPHA2、ERBB2、ERBB4、ERK1、FAK、FGFR2、FGFR3、FLT1、FLT3、FLT4、GSK3B、IGF1R、IKK-α、IKK-β、INSR、JAK2(JH1结构域-催化)、JAK3(JH1结构域-催化)、JNK1、JNK2、JNK3、KIT、KIT(D816V)、KIT(V559D,T670I)、LKB1、LRRK2、LRRK2(G2019S)、MAP3K4、MAPKAPK2、MARK3、MEK1、MEK2、MET、MKNK1、MKNK2、MLK1、MTOR、p38-α、p38-β、PAK1、PAK2、PAK4、PCTK1、PDGFRA、PDGFRB、PDPK1、PIK3C2B、PIK3CA、PIK3CG、PIM1、PIM2、PIM3、PKAC-α、PLK1、PLK3、PLK4、PRKCE、PYK2、RAF1、RET、RIOK2、ROCK2、RSK2、SNARK、SRC、SRPK3、SYK、TAK1、TGFBR1、TIE2、TRKA、TSSK1B、TYK2(JH1结构域-催化)、ULK2、VEGFR2、YANK3、和ZAP70。可在市场上购得包含本文所述激酶的激酶检验面板(panel),用于对激酶抑制剂的选择性抑制进行生物化学谱型分析。
本文所用术语“皮肤科障碍性疾病(dermatological disorder)”是指皮肤障碍性疾病。所述皮肤科障碍性疾病包括(但不限于)皮肤的增殖性或炎症性障碍性疾病,例如特应性皮炎、大疱性障碍性疾病、胶原性疾病、接触性皮炎、湿疹、川崎病(Kawasaki Disease)、酒渣鼻、薛格连氏综合征(Sjogren-Larsso Syndrome)、和荨麻疹。
本文所用术语“神经性疾病”或“神经系统障碍性疾病”是指改变脑、脊髓或周围神经系统结构或功能的病况,包括(但不限于)阿尔茨海默病、脑水肿、脑缺血、多发性硬化、神经病、帕金森病、在钝伤或手术创伤后出现的疾病(包括外科手术后的认知功能障碍、和脊髓或脑干损伤)、以及神经方面的障碍性疾病 (例如退行性椎间盘疾病和坐骨神经痛)。缩写词“CNS”是指中枢神经系统(脑和脊髓)。
本文所用术语“呼吸疾病”是指影响涉及呼吸器官(例如鼻子、咽喉、喉、气管、支气管和肺)的疾病。呼吸疾病包括(但不限于)哮喘、成人呼吸窘迫综合征和变应性(外在)哮喘、非变应性(内在)哮喘、急性严重哮喘、慢性哮喘、临床哮喘、夜间哮喘、变应原诱导的哮喘、阿司匹林敏感性哮喘、运动诱发的哮喘、等二氧化碳过度通气、儿童时期开始的哮喘、成人后开始的哮喘、咳嗽变异性哮喘、职业性哮喘、激素抵抗性哮喘、季节性哮喘、季节性变应性鼻炎、常年变应性鼻炎、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(包括慢性支气管炎或肺气肿)、肺性高血压、间质肺纤维化及/或气管炎、和囊性纤维化、和缺氧。
本文所用术语“癌症”是指细胞的异常生长,所述生长往往指细胞以无法控制的方式增殖且在某些情况下发生转移。癌症的类型包括(但不限于)实体瘤,例如膀胱、肠、脑、乳腺、子宫内膜、心脏、肾、肺、淋巴组织(淋巴瘤)、卵巢、胰,或其它内分泌器官(甲状腺)、前列腺、皮肤(黑素瘤)的肿瘤,或血液肿瘤(例如白血病)。
本文所用术语“炎症障碍性疾病”是指具有下列症状中的一或多种特征的疾病或病况:疼痛(痛,由产生有毒物质和神经刺激引起)、发热(热,由血管扩张引起)、发红(皮肤的红色,由血管扩张和增加的血流量引起)、肿胀(肿块,由流体的过度流入或限制性流出引起)、及功能丧失,这些症状可以是部分或完全的、临时或持久的。炎症呈现多种形式,包括(但不限于)呈现下列中一种或多种形式的炎症:急性、粘着性、萎缩性、卡他性(catarrhal)、慢性、硬变性、扩散性、弥散性、渗出性、纤维素性、纤维化、局部性、肉芽肿性、数量性肥大的(hyperplastic)、肥大性、间质性、转移性、坏死性、闭塞性、实质性、适应性(plastic)、增生性(productive)、增殖性、假膜性、化脓性、硬化性、浆液纤维蛋白性、浆液性、单纯的、特异性、亚急性、催脓性、中毒性、创伤性、和/或溃疡性。炎症障碍性疾病进一步包括(但不限于)影响血管的疾病(多动脉炎,临时动脉炎)、影响关节的疾病(结晶性、骨、干癣性、反应性、类风湿性、莱特氏 (Reiter′s)关节炎)、影响胃肠道的疾病、影响皮肤的疾病(皮炎)、或影响多器官和组织的疾病(系统性红斑狼疮)。
本文所用术语“心血管疾病”是指影响心脏或血管、或影响心脏和血管的疾病,包括(但不限于):动脉粥样硬化、心律紊乱、咽痛、心肌缺血、心肌梗塞、心脏或脉管瘤、脉管炎、中风、肢体或器官或组织的周围阻塞性动脉病、器官或组织缺血后的再灌注损伤、内毒素性或外科手术或创伤性休克、高血压、瓣膜性心脏病、心力衰竭、异常血压、血管收缩、血管异常、或炎症。
本文所用术语“骨病”意指骨的疾病或病况,包括(但不限于)不适当的骨重建、骨丢失或骨量增加症、骨质减少症、骨软化症、骨纤维变性、骨质疏松症、和佩吉特病(Paget’s disease)。
本文所用术语“抑制剂”是指抑制一种或多种本文所述激酶的化合物。例如,术语“SYK抑制剂”是指抑制SYK受体或降低其信号转导作用的化合物。
本文所用术语“药学上可接受的”是指一种例如载体或稀释剂等材料不会消除本文所述化合物的生物活性或特性。向个体施用这种材料,不会引起不需要的生物效应、或以有害的方式与所包含的组合物中的任何组分相互作用。
本文所用术语“药学上可接受的盐”是指一种化合物制剂,该制剂不会对所给药的生物体产生明显刺激、且不会消除本文所述化合物的生物活性和特性。
本文所用术语“药物组合物”是指一种本文所述化合物与其它化学组分的混合物,其中所述其它化学组分例如载体、稳定剂、稀释剂、分散剂、悬浮剂、增稠剂、和/或赋形剂。
本文所用术语“前药”是指一种在活体内转化为母体药物的药剂。
本文所用术语“蛋白激酶介导的疾病”或“由不适当的蛋白激酶活性介导的障碍性疾病或疾病或病况”是指由本文所述蛋白激酶介导或调节的任何疾病状态。这些疾病状态包括(但不限于):哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)、成人呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)、溃疡性结肠炎、克罗恩氏病、支气管炎、皮炎、变应性鼻炎、银屑病、硬皮病、荨麻疹、大疱性障碍性疾病、胶原性疾病、接触性皮炎、川崎病、酒渣鼻、薛格连氏综合征、类风湿性关节炎、多发性硬化、炎症性 肠病、HIV、狼疮、淋巴瘤、骨肉瘤、黑素瘤、乳腺癌、肾癌、前列腺癌、结直肠癌、甲状腺癌、卵巢癌、胰腺癌、神经癌、肺癌、子宫癌、胃肠癌、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、骨质疏松症、骨质减少症、骨软化症、骨纤维变性、佩吉特病、糖尿病、血管增生障碍性疾病、眼病、心血管病、再狭窄症、纤维化、动脉粥样硬化、心律紊乱、咽痛、心肌缺血、心肌梗塞、心脏或脉管瘤、脉管炎、中风、周围阻塞性动脉病、器官或组织缺血后的再灌注损伤、内毒素性或外科手术或创伤性休克、高血压、瓣膜性心脏病、心力衰竭、异常血压、血管收缩、血管异常、移植排斥、和包括病毒和真菌感染的感染病。
本文所用术语“激酶介导的疾病”或“激酶介导的疾病”或“由不适当的激酶活性介导的障碍性疾病或疾病或病况”是指由激酶机制介导或调节的任何疾病状态。例如,“SYK-介导的疾病”是指由SYK机制介导或调节的任何疾病状态。这些SYK-介导的疾病状态包括(但不限于)炎症性疾病、呼吸疾病和自身免疫性疾病,例如(仅作为实例)哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)、成人呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDs)、溃疡性结肠炎、克罗恩氏病、支气管炎、皮炎、变应性鼻炎、银屑病、硬皮病、荨麻疹、类风湿性关节炎、多发性硬化、癌症、HIV相关的疾病、和狼疮。
本文所用术语“PYK2-介导的疾病”或“由不适当的PYK2活性介导的障碍性疾病或疾病或病况”是指由PYK2激酶机制介导或调节的任何疾病状态。这些疾病状态包括(但不限于)骨质疏松症、关节炎、骨髓性白血病、低渗压、肉瘤、原始细胞危象、胶质瘤、红白血病、和癌症。
本文所用术语“ZAP70-介导的疾病”或“由不适当的ZAP70活性介导的障碍性疾病或疾病或病况”是指由ZAP70激酶机制介导或调节的任何疾病状态。这些疾病状态包括(但不限于)由CD8-阳性T-细胞的选择性缺乏为表征的免疫缺陷疾病。
本文所用术语“FAK-介导的疾病”或“由不适当的FAK活性介导的障碍性疾病或疾病或病况”是指由FAK激酶机制介导或调节的任何疾病状态。这些疾病状态包括(但不限于)癌症、黄斑变性、或与血管生成水平异常增加相关的病 况。
本文所用术语“PIM1-介导的疾病”或“由不适当的PIM1活性介导的障碍性疾病或疾病或病况”是指由PIM1激酶机制介导或调节的任何疾病状态。这些疾病状态包括(但不限于)癌症、骨髓增生性疾病、自身免疫性疾病、变应性反应、和器官移植排斥综合征。
本文所用术语“FLT3-介导的疾病”或“由不适当的FLT3活性介导的障碍性疾病或疾病或病况”是指由FLT3激酶机制介导或调节的任何疾病状态。这些疾病状态包括(但不限于)包括急性骨髓性白血病在内的白血病、或与FLT3激酶水平异常增加相关的病况。
本文所用术语“RET-介导的疾病”或“由不适当的RET活性介导的障碍性疾病或疾病或病况”是指由RET激酶机制介导或调节的任何疾病状态。这些疾病状态包括(但不限于)甲状腺癌、与RET激酶水平异常增加相关的病况。
本文所用术语“JAK2-介导的疾病”或“由不适当的JAK2活性介导的障碍性疾病或疾病或病况”是指由JAK2激酶机制介导或调节的任何疾病状态。这些疾病状态包括(但不限于)真性红细胞增多症、原发性血小板增多症、其它骨髓增生障碍性癌症(myeloproliferative disorders cancer)、或与JAK2激酶水平异常增加相关的病况。
本文所用术语“LRRK2-介导的疾病”或“由不适当的LRRK2活性介导的障碍性疾病或疾病或病况”是指由LRRK2激酶机制介导或调节的任何疾病状态。这些疾病状态包括(但不限于)帕金森病、其它神经退行性疾病、或与血管生成水平异常增加相关的病况。
本文所用术语“治疗有效量”是指具有如下效果的化合物的任意量:与未接受该量的相应受试者相比,得到对疾病、障碍性疾病或副作用具有改良治疗、治愈、预防或改善效果,或降低疾病或障碍性疾病进一步发展的速度。该术语在其范围内还包括有效提高正常生理功能的量。
本文所用术语“治疗(treat、treating或treatment)”是指减轻、缓解或改善疾病或病况症状、预防其它症状、改善或预防症状潜在的代谢原因、抑制疾病或 病况、阻止疾病或病况发展、解除疾病或病况、消退疾病或病况、解除由疾病或病况引起的病况、或预防性及/或治疗性终止疾病或病况症状的方法。
本文所用术语“溶剂合物”是指一种由溶质和溶剂所形成的化学计量可变的复合物;在本发明中,所述溶质为式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。为本发明目的的所述溶剂不可干扰溶质的生物活性。适宜溶剂的非限制性实例包括水、丙酮、甲醇、乙醇和乙酸。优选地,所使用的溶剂是药学上可接受的溶剂。适宜的药学上可接受溶剂的非限制性实例包括水、乙醇和乙酸。
本文所用术语“受试者”或“患者”涵盖哺乳动物和非哺乳动物。哺乳动物的实例包括(但不限于)人、黑猩猩、猿猴、牛、马、绵羊、山羊、猪、兔子、狗、猫、大鼠、小鼠、豚鼠等。非哺乳动物的实例包括(但不限于)鸟、鱼等。
本文所用术语受试者化合物的“给药”或“施用”是指为有治疗需要的受试者提供本发明的化合物。
本文所用术语“载体”是指有助于使本文所述化合物进入细胞或组织中的化学化合物或试剂。
就本文所用制剂、组合物或成分而言,本文所用术语“可接受的”意指对正在接受治疗的受试者的一般健康没有持久的有害影响。
本文所用术语“稀释剂”是指在递送之前用来稀释本文所述化合物的化学化合物。稀释剂还可用来稳定本文所述化合物。
本文所用术语“有效量”或“治疗有效量”是指本文所述所给药化合物的足够的量,其在某种程度上缓解正在治疗的疾病或病况的一个或多个症状。
1、人蛋白激酶
蛋白激酶在调节多种细胞过程并对细胞功能保持控制中起到重要作用。蛋白激酶催化并调节磷酸化过程,从而响应多种细胞外信号,将磷酸根基团共价连接到蛋白或脂质靶点上。这种刺激的实例包括激素、神经递质、生长和分化因子、细胞周期事件、环境应激、和营养应激。细胞外刺激可影响与细胞生长、迁移、分化、激素分泌、转录因子的激活、肌肉收缩、葡萄糖代谢、蛋白合成的控制和细胞周期的调节相关的一种或多种细胞响应。
通过激酶面板且抑制面板上至少一种激酶活性的方法,对本发明化合物进行筛选。激酶的实例包括(但不限于)SYK、PYK2、FAK、ZAP70、PIM1、FLT3、RET、JAK2、JAK3、LRRK2、LRRK2(G2019S)、ABL1(T315I)、AURKB、AXL、FLT3、KIT、KIT(D816V)、KIT(V559D,T670I)、MKNK2、MLK1、PDGFRB、PLK3、RET、SNARK、SRPK3、TAK1、或TYK2激酶及其突变体形式。这样,本发明化合物和组合物可用于治疗其中由于这些激酶而引起病理变化的疾病或障碍性疾病、和/或与这些激酶相关的疾病或障碍性疾病的症状。这些疾病或障碍性疾病包括(但不限于)胰腺癌、乳头状甲状腺癌、卵巢癌、人腺样囊性癌、非小细胞肺癌、分泌性乳腺癌、先天性纤维肉瘤、先天性中胚层肾瘤、急性骨髓性白血病、银屑病、转移、与癌症相关的疼痛、和神经细胞瘤、自身免疫性疾病、炎症性疾病、骨病、代谢病、神经病和神经退行性疾病、癌症、心血管病、呼吸疾病、变态反应和哮喘、阿尔茨海默病、和与激素有关的疾病、良性和恶性增殖障碍性疾病、由不适当的免疫系统激活所引起的疾病、和由不适当的神经系统激活所引起的疾病、同种异体移植排斥、移植物抗宿主疾病、糖尿病视网膜病变、由年龄相关的黄斑变性引起的脉络膜新生血管性疾病、银屑病、关节炎、骨关节炎、类风湿性关节炎、关节炎的滑膜血管翳侵入、多发性硬化、重症肌无力、糖尿病、糖尿病血管病、早产的视网膜病变、婴儿血管瘤、非小细胞肺癌、膀胱和头颈癌、前列腺癌、乳腺癌、卵巢癌、胃和胰腺癌、银屑病、纤维化疾病、动脉粥样硬化、再狭窄症、自身免疫性疾病、过敏症、呼吸疾病、哮喘、移植排斥、炎症、血栓症、视网膜血管增生、炎症性肠病、克罗恩氏病、溃疡性结肠炎、骨病、移植或骨髓移植排斥、狼疮、慢性胰腺炎、恶病质、感染性休克、纤维增生性和分化性皮肤病或障碍性疾病、中枢神经系统疾病、神经退行性疾病、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、与神经损害有关的障碍性疾病或病况、和脑或脊髓损伤后的轴突退行性病变、急性或慢性癌症、眼病、病毒感染、心脏病、肺病、或肾或肾脏疾病、和支气管炎。
本文所述化合物是激酶活性的抑制剂,且在治疗与不适当的激酶活性相关的障碍性疾病、尤其在治疗和预防由激酶介导的疾病状态时具有治疗益处。因此, 本发明提供了调节、尤其是抑制其中激酶具有重要作用的信号转导途径的方法。所述方法通常包括施予受试者、或使表达所述激酶的细胞接触以下物质:有效量的本文所述化合物、或其前药、或其可接受的盐、水合物、溶剂合物、N-氧化物、和/或组合物,从而调节或抑制信号转导途径。所述方法还用于调节、尤其用于抑制由特定激酶信号转导途径激活所引发的下游过程或细胞响应。针对治疗或预防由所述激酶依赖的信号转导途径激活为表征、引起或与之相关的疾病,所述方法还可在活体外环境或活体内环境中作为一种治疗方法实施。
2.药物组合物
对于包括式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、溶合物、N-氧化物、前药和同分异构体在内的本文所提供化合物的治疗用途,这些化合物以治疗有效量单独给药、或作为药物组合物的一部分给药。因此,本文提供了包括至少一种本文所提供的化合物的药物组合物,该药物组合物包括:式(I)化合物、其药学上可接受的盐、和/或溶剂合物中的至少一种;以及,一种或多种药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂、佐剂、或赋形剂。此外,所述化合物和组合物单独给药、或与一种或多种其它治疗药剂组合给药。所述化合物和组合物的给药方法包括(但不限于)静脉内给药、吸入、经口给药、直肠给药、非肠道给药、玻璃体内给药、皮下给药、肌肉内给药、鼻内给药、经皮给药、局部给药、眼内给药、颊内给药、气管给药、支气管给药、经舌下给药、或耳内给药。本文所提供的化合物以公知的药学制剂形式给药,包括:经口给药的锭剂、胶囊或酏剂;直肠给药的栓剂;非肠道给药或肌肉内给药的灭菌溶液或悬浮液;局部给药的洗剂、凝胶、软膏或乳膏,等等。
治疗有效量尤其将视表现的疾病、疾病的严重程度、受试者的年龄和相关健康状况、所给药化合物的效价、给药模式和期望的治疗效果而有所不同。所需剂量还将视给药模式、待治疗的特定病况和期望效果而有所不同。
药学上可接受的盐形式包括药学上可接受的酸式/阴离子盐、或碱式/阳离子盐。药学上可接受的酸式/阴离子盐包括乙酸盐、苯磺酸盐、苯甲酸盐、碳酸氢盐、酒石酸氢盐、溴化物、依地酸钙盐、樟脑磺酸盐、碳酸盐、氯化物、柠檬酸盐、二盐酸盐、依地酸盐、乙二磺酸盐、依托酸盐、乙磺酸盐、富马酸盐、葡庚糖酸盐、葡萄糖酸盐、谷氨酸盐、对羟乙酰氨基苯胂酸盐(glycollylarsanilate)、己基间苯二酚盐(hexylresorcinate)、氢溴酸盐、盐酸盐、羟基萘甲酸盐、碘化物、羟乙基磺酸盐、乳酸盐、乳糖酸盐、苹果酸盐、马来酸盐、丙二酸盐、扁桃酸盐、甲磺酸盐、甲基硫酸盐、粘酸盐、萘磺酸盐、硝酸盐、双羟萘酸盐、泛酸盐、磷酸盐/磷酸氢盐、聚半乳糖醛酸盐、水杨酸盐、硬脂酸盐、次醋酸盐、琥珀酸盐、硫酸盐、硫酸氢盐、单宁酸盐、酒石酸盐、8-氯茶碱盐、甲苯磺酸盐、和三乙基碘盐。药学上可接受的碱式/阳离子盐包括钠盐、钾盐、钙盐、镁盐、二乙醇胺盐、N-甲基-D-葡糖胺盐、L-赖氨酸盐、L-精氨酸盐、铵盐、乙醇胺盐、哌嗪盐、和三乙醇胺盐。
药学上可接受的酸加成盐是由式(I)化合物的游离碱形式与适宜的无机酸或有机酸反应而形成,其中无机酸或有机酸包括(但不限于)氢溴酸、盐酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸、琥珀酸、马来酸、甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、富马酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、乳酸、苯甲酸、水杨酸、谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、对甲苯磺酸、苯磺酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、萘磺酸(例如2-萘磺酸)、或己酸。式(I)化合物的药学上可接受的酸加成盐可包括或为(例如)氢溴酸盐、盐酸盐、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、磷酸盐、琥珀酸盐、马来酸盐、甲酸盐、乙酸盐、丙酸盐、富马酸盐、柠檬酸盐、酒石酸盐、乳酸盐、苯甲酸盐、水杨酸盐、谷氨酸盐、天冬氨酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐、甲磺酸盐、乙磺酸盐、萘磺酸盐(例如,2-萘磺酸盐)、或已酸盐。
可分别由相应的碱加成盐或酸加成盐形式制备本发明化合物的游离酸或游离碱形式。例如,呈酸加成盐形式的本发明化合物可经适宜的碱(例如,氢氧化铵溶液、氢氧化钠等)处理,转化为相应的游离碱。呈碱加成盐形式的本发明化合物可经适宜的酸(例如盐酸等)处理,转化为相应的游离酸。
本发明化合物的前药可由为本领域普通技术人员所公知的方法制备,例如,参见Saulnier等人,(1994),Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters,Vol.4,p.1985(其整个教示内容以引用方式并入本文中)。
本发明化合物的受保护衍生物可由为本领域普通技术人员所公知的方式制备,例如,参见T.W.Greene,《有机化学中的保护基团(第3版)》(Protecting Groups in Organic Chemistry,3rd edition),约翰威立国际出版公司(John Wiley and Sons,Inc.),1999(其整个教示内容以引用方式并入本文中)。
可通过使本发明化合物的外消旋混合物与光学活性拆分剂反应,以形成一对非对映异构化合物,进一步分离所述非对映异构体并回收光学纯对映异构体,从而将该化合物制备成其单一的立体异构体。参见Jean Jacques、Andre Collet、Samuel H.Wilen,《对映异构体、外消旋体及拆分》(Enantiomers,Racemates and Resolutions),约翰威立国际出版公司,1981(其整个教示内容以引用方式并入本文中)。
式(I)化合物可用本文和实例中所述的步骤制备。在某些实施例中,式(I)化合物由下列步骤制备:(a)任选地将本发明化合物转化为药学上可接受的盐;(c)任选地将本发明化合物的盐形式转化为非盐形式;(d)任选地将本发明化合物的未氧化形式转化为药学上可接受的N-氧化物;(e)任选地从同分异构体的混合物拆分本发明化合物的单一同分异构体;(f)任选地将本发明未衍生的化合物转化为药学上可接受的前药衍生物;和(g)任选地将本发明化合物的前药衍生物转化为其非衍生物形式。
本文所引用的全部专利、出版的申请案和参考文献的教示内容全部以引用方式并入本文中。
具体实施方式
实例
由以下实例进一步例示本发明,所述实例阐释了本发明式(I)化合物的制备。这些实例仅出于阐释的目的,并不意欲视为以任何方式限制本发明。本领域技术人员应了解,在不改变本发明范围的情况下可做出变化和修改。
通用方案1(方法I)
应理解,这些实例仅出于阐释的目的,并不应视为以任何方式限制本发明。
以下实例和阐述于本文中的实例所阐述的化合物获得的核磁共振(NMR)和质谱分析(MS)谱与具有本文化学式的化合物一致。
液相色谱-质谱(LC-MS)方法:
1、样品在具有Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18(3.5μ)反相柱(4.6x50mm)的安捷伦科技(Agilent Technologies)6120MSD系统上运行,且在室温下以1.5mL/分钟的流速运行。
2、流动相使用溶剂A(水/0.1%甲酸)和溶剂B(乙腈/0.1%甲酸)。
3、使用电喷雾电离法(ESI)记录质谱(m/z)。
质子NMR谱:
除非另有说明,否则所有1H NMR谱皆在Varian系列Mercury 300MHz上运行。所有观察到的质子皆报告为四甲基硅烷低场的百万分率(ppm),且使用主峰标示的常见缩写:例如s(单峰),d(双峰),t(三重峰),q(四重峰),m(多重峰)和br(宽峰)。
1-(2-氯-5-氟嘧啶-4-基)-3-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸乙酯:中间体1的制备
室温下,向3-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸乙酯2(3.15g,20.5mmol)存于无水乙腈的溶液中添加碳酸钾(5.7g,41mmol)和2,4-二氯-5-氟嘧啶1。将所产生悬浮液在80℃下加热3小时,且用LC-MS或薄层色谱(TLC)监测反应。然后用乙酸乙酯稀释,并用盐水洗涤。所收集的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥,随后在真空(in vacou)下进行部分浓缩。向浓缩产物中添加正己烷,以形成淡黄色沉淀物。通过过滤收集所产生的固体,并用正己烷冲洗,随后进行高真空干燥,以得到4.9g(85%)的目标中间体1;MS(ESI)m/z 285[M+H]+。
(1-(2-氯-5-氟嘧啶-4-基)-3-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-基)甲醇(中间体编号2)的制备
在冰浴冷却下,向1-(2-氯-5-氟嘧啶-4-基)-3-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸乙酯1(4.9g,17.2mmol)存于60mL无水四氢呋喃(THF)的溶液中缓慢添加38mL(38mmol)二-异丁基氢化铝(DIBAL)溶于甲苯的1M溶液。在同一温度下搅拌2小时后,通过缓慢添加1N-NaOH溶液淬灭该反应。然后,用乙酸乙酯稀释,并用盐水洗涤。所收集的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥,且随后在真空下部分浓缩。向其中添加正己烷,以形成淡黄色沉淀物。通过过滤收集所产生的固体,并用正己烷冲洗,且随后进行高真空干燥,以得到3.7g(90%)中间体编号2;1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ8.57(1H,d,J 3.3Hz),8.52(1H,s),7.94(1H,s),4.72(2H,s);MS(ESI)m/z 243[M+H]+。
1-(5-甲基-2-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基氨基)嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡咯-3-羧酸甲酯(化合物1)的制备
在2螺盖样品瓶(2dram vial)中装入1-(2-氯-5-甲基嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡咯-3-羧酸甲酯(中间体编号1)(300mg,1.20mmol)、3,4,5-三甲氧基苯胺(240mg,1.32mmol)、540mg(3.9mmol)碳酸钾、Pd(dppf)Cl2(50mg)、(±)-2,2’-双(二苯基膦基)-1,1’-二萘基(BYNAP)(70mg)和4mL无水二噁烷。通过氮鼓泡脱气后,将反应混合物在100℃下加热4小时。通过过滤去除所产生的不溶物。在真空下浓缩滤液,随后由硅胶色谱纯化,以得到呈白色固体的化合物编号1(291mg, 61%);MS(ESI)m/z 399[M+H]+。
1-(2-(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基)嘧啶-4-基)-3-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸乙酯(化合物2)的制备
在室温下(rt),向3-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸乙酯2(5.0g,32.4mmol)存于无水乙腈(60mL)的溶液中添加碳酸钾(8.96g,64.9mmol)和4-氯-2-(甲硫基)嘧啶11(5.47g,34.1mmol)。将所产生的悬浮液在80℃下加热8小时,且用LC-MS或薄层色谱(TLC)监测反应。然后,用乙酸乙酯稀释,并用盐水洗涤。所收集的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥,且随后在真空下浓缩。所产生残余物用甲醇重结晶,以得到7.88g(83%)3-甲基-1-(2-(甲硫基)嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸乙酯12;MS(ESI)m/z 279[M+H]+。将所产生的吡唑-4-羧酸酯12(7.44g,26.7mmol)溶于30mL二氯甲烷(DCM)中,且随后冷却至0℃。在同一温度下,向所述冷却至0℃的溶液中添加3-氯过氧苯甲酸(mCPBA,13.2g,58.8mmol)。将反应升温至室温,搅拌2小时,随后通过添加NaHCO3饱和溶液淬灭该反应。所收集的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥,且随后在真空下浓缩。所产生的残余物用异丙醚重结晶,以得到7.88g(83%)呈无色固体的3-甲基-1-(2-(甲基磺酰基)嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸乙酯13(6.92g,83%);m/z 311[M+H]+。将所得亚砜13(3.0g,9.7mmol)与乙酸(0.42mL,9.7mmol)和3,5-二甲基苯胺(1.4mL,9.7mmol)在10mL正丁醇中混合。在回流下加热2小时后,将混合物在真空下浓缩。用DCM萃取所产生的残余物,且用NaHCO3饱和溶液洗涤。所收集的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥,且 在真空下浓缩,随后用乙酸乙酯重结晶,以得到0.86g(26%)呈淡黄色固体的化合物编号2;m/z 352[M+H]+。
1-(2-(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基)嘧啶-4-基)-3-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-羧酸(化合物3)
在室温下,向化合物编号2(0.77g,2.2mmol)存于乙醇(10mL)的溶液中添加4mL 2N-NaOH溶液。将反应混合物在回流下加热2小时。当观察到没有起始物料时,在真空下除去乙醇。用DCM洗涤残余物,随后用1N-HCl水溶液酸化含水层,以得到淡黄色沉淀。通过过滤收集所产生的固体,随后进行真空干燥,以得到呈淡黄色固体的化合物编号3(0.41g,58%);MS(ESI)m/z 324[M+H]+。
1-(2-(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基)-5-氟嘧啶-4-基)-3-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲醛(中间体编号3)的制备
向化合物编号4(0.56g,1.7mmol)存于30mL二氯乙烷(DCE)的溶液中添加MnO2(1.5g,10.2mmol)。在60℃-70℃下搅拌4小时后,使反应混合物通过硅藻土(Celite)垫并用二氯甲烷冲洗。在真空下浓缩所述滤液,以得到呈淡黄色固体的期望的中间体编号3(0.44g,80%);MS(ESI)m/z 326[M+H]+。
胺的制备
2-(4-氨基-2,6-二甲氧基苯氧基)乙醇的制备
向2,6-二甲氧基苯酚(1.54g,10mmol)和溴乙酸乙酯(2.00g,12mmol)存于15mL无水二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)的溶液中添加2.76g(20mmol)K2CO3。将该反应混合物在30℃下搅拌20小时。在真空下浓缩所述混合物,以除去挥发物。然后,用乙酸乙酯(EtOAc)萃取所产生的残余物,并用盐水洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥且,随后在真空下浓缩,以得到2.2g(91.6%)2-(2,6-二甲氧基苯氧基)乙酸乙酯。将所得酯(1.2g,5mmol)溶于硅胶(2.0g)存于20mLDCM的悬浮液中。在室温下,向其中得到的溶液中逐滴添加浓HNO3(20mL)存于20mLDCM的溶液。在室温下搅拌1小时后,将其得到的溶液转移到分液漏斗中且,随后将褐色底层丢弃到100g冰中。剩余的上面有机层用盐水洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥且,随后在真空下浓缩,以得到1.4g(98%)呈褐色固体的2-(2,6-二甲氧基-4-硝基苯氧基)乙酸乙酯。将所得硝基苯氧基酯(1.34g,4.7mmol)溶于无水THF(20mL)中。在冰浴冷却下,向其中所得到的溶液中缓慢添加存于甲苯中的1M DIBAL溶于溶液(10.3mL,10.3mmol)。在室温下1小时后,通过添加1N-NaOH溶液淬灭反应且,随后用EtOAc萃取。所得有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥,并通过硅胶垫。在真空下浓缩所产生的滤液,以得到呈淡黄色固体的2-(2,6-二甲氧基-4-硝基苯氧基)乙醇(1.01g,88%);MS(ESI)m/z 326[M+H]+。
(1-(2-(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基)-5-氟嘧啶-4-基)-3-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-基)甲醇(化合物编号4)的制备
在40mL小瓶中装入(1-(2-氯-5-氟嘧啶-4-基)-3-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-基)甲醇(中间体编号2)(0.50g,2.1mmol)、3,5-二甲基苯胺(300mg,2.4mmol)、850mg(6.2mmol)碳酸钾、Pd2(dba)3(86mg)、(±)-2,2’-双(二苯基膦基)-1,1’-二萘基(BYNAP)(125mg)和25mL无水二噁烷。通过氮鼓泡脱气后,将反应混合物在100℃下加热6小时。然后,通过过滤除去所产生的不溶物。在真空下浓缩滤液,随后由硅胶色谱纯化,以得到呈白色固体的化合物编号4(0.56g,84%);MS(ESI)m/z 328[M+H]+。
化合物编号5-28的制备
下列具有表1所示一般结构的化合物是由与所述针对制备化合物编号4制备所述类似的方法制备的,该方法使用适当的2-氯嘧啶和适当的胺来制备。该反应中可使用的钯催化剂的实例包括Pd(OAc)2、Pd2(dba)3、Pd(dppf)Cl2、或Pd(PPh3)4和PdCl2(PPh3)2。这些催化剂通常与适宜的配体一起使用,该配体例如BINAP、4,5-双二苯基膦-9,9-二甲基氧杂蒽(Xantphos)、2-双环己基磷-2’,6’-二甲氧基联苯(S-Phos)或相有关基于膦的Pd配体。反应由TLC和LC-MS分析监测,并在80℃至110℃下运行3-16小时。
表1
式I化合物
1-(2-(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基)嘧啶-4-基)-N-(2-羟基乙基)-N,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺:化合物编号29
向酸化合物编号3(65mg,0.2mmol)存于2mL无水DMF和二异丙基乙胺 (DIPEA)(100微升,0.6mmol)的溶液中添加四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯(HBTU)(83mg,0.22mmol)。将该混合物在室温下搅拌15分钟。在室温下,向其中添加2-(甲基氨基)乙醇(24mL,0.3mmol)。将该反应混合物在室温下搅拌3小时,且用TLC监测反应。当观察到没有起始物料时,该反应混合物用乙酸乙酯稀释,并用1N-NaOH洗涤,随后用盐水洗涤。所收集的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥,且随后在真空下浓缩且,随后且由硅胶色谱纯化,以得到53mg(70%)呈白色固体的目标化合物编号29;1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.66(s,1H),8.61(s,1H),8.54(d,J=5.2Hz,1H),7.19(d,J=5.2Hz,1H),6.65(s,1H),4.82(br s,1H),3.56-3.48(m,2H),3.14-2.95(m,2H),2.31(s,3H),2.26(s,6H);MS(ESI)m/z 381[M+H]+。
化合物编号30-38的制备
下列具有表2所示一般结构的化合物是由与所述制备化合物编号29类似的方法、使用偶联剂来制备,其中偶联剂例如碳二亚胺(EDCI)、HBTU、HATU(2-(7-偶氮苯并三氮唑)-N,N,N′,N′-四甲基脲六氟磷酸酯)、PyBop(六氟磷酸苯并三唑-1-基-氧基三吡咯烷基)或PyBrop(三吡咯烷基溴化鏻六氟磷酸盐))。反应由TLC和LC-MS分析监测,并在室温下运行3-16小时。
表2
式I化合物
2-((1-(2-(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基)-5-氟嘧啶-4-基)-3-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-基)甲基氨基)乙醇:化合物编号39
在室温下,将中间体编号3(65mg,0.2mmol)和乙醇胺(18微升,0.3mmol)存于2mL二氯甲烷的溶液搅拌20分钟。在室温下,向该溶液中添加NaBH(OAc)3(64mg,0.3mmol)。将该反应在室温下搅拌15小时,随后用1N-NaOH淬灭。用乙酸乙酯萃取,并用盐水洗涤两次。所收集的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥,随后在真空下部分浓缩。所产生的残余物由硅胶色谱纯化,以得到呈白色固体的期望化合物编号39(59mg,74%);1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ,8.38-8.40(2H,m),7.26(1H,s),6.67(1H,s),3.78(2H,s),3.70(t,J 5.1Hz,2H),2.81(t,J 5.1Hz,2H),2.36(3H,s),2.29(6H,s);MS(ESI)m/z371[M+H]+。
方法II
2-(4-((4-甲基-1-(5-甲基-2-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基氨基)嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡咯-3-基)甲基)-1-基)乙醇:化合物40
向中间体编号2(0.70g,2.92mmol)存于30mL二氯乙烷(DCE)的溶液中添加MnO2(2.67g,17.5mmol)。在70℃下搅拌4小时后,使该反应混合物通过硅藻土垫,并用二氯甲烷冲洗。在真空下浓缩滤液,以得到呈淡黄色固体的期望中间体编号4(0.6g,87%)。将中间体编号4(311mg,1.32r)和2-(哌嗪-1-基)乙醇(0.23g,1.77mmol)存于10mL二氯甲烷(DCM)的溶液在室温下搅拌20分钟。在室温下,向该溶液添加NaBH(OAc)3(0.58g,2.6mmol)。将该反应溶液在室温下搅拌3小时,随后用1N-NaOH淬灭。用乙酸乙酯萃取,并用盐水洗涤两次。所收集的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥,随后在真空下浓缩。所产生残余物由硅胶色谱纯化,以得到呈白色固体的期望中间体编号5(0.42mg,91%)。在2螺盖样品瓶中装入2-(4-((1-(2-氯-5-甲基嘧啶-4-基)-4-甲基-1H-吡咯-3-基)甲基)哌嗪-1-基)乙醇(中间体编号5)(70mg,0.2mmol)、3,4.5-三甲氧基苯胺(48mg,0.26mmol)、83mg(0.6mmol)碳酸钾、Pd(dppf)Cl2(8mg)、BYNAP(12mg)和3mL无水二噁烷。通过氮鼓泡脱气后,将该反应混合物在100℃下加热16小时,并冷却至室温。通过过滤除去所产生的不溶物,随后在真空下浓缩滤液。所产生的暗褐色残余物由硅胶色谱(5-15%MeOH/DCM)纯化,以得到呈淡黄色固体的期望化合物40(74mg,75%);1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ9.43(s,1H),8.34(s,1H), 7.39(s,1H),7.30(s,1H),7.18(s,2H),3.77(s,9H),3.61(s,2H),3.45(m,2H),3.21(m,2H),2.38-2.32(m,8H),2.19(s,3H),2.03(s,3H);MS(ESI)m/z497[M+H]+。
化合物编号41-139的制备
下列具有表3所示一般结构的化合物是由与所述制备化合物编号39类似的方法I、使用适当的醛中间体编号3和适当的胺HNR5R6来制备,或由与所述制备化合物编号40类似的方法II、使用适当的2-氯嘧啶中间体编号5和适当的胺H2NR2来制备。
新戊酸1-((4-甲基-1-(5-甲基-2-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基氨基)嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡咯-3-基)甲基)氮杂环丁烷-3-基酯:化合物编号93
在室温下,向1-((4-甲基-1-(5-甲基-2-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基氨基)嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡咯-3-基)甲基)氮杂环丁烷-3-醇(化合物编号91,150mg,0.34mmol)存于2mL无水DMF的溶液中添加5mgN,N-二甲基氨基吡啶(DMAP)和三甲基乙酸酐(128mg,0.68mmol)。在室温下搅拌16小时后,在真空下浓缩该反应混合物。所产生的残余物用EtOAc萃取,用2N-NaOH洗涤,用无水Na2SO4干燥,在真空下浓缩,且随后由色谱(5%-15%MeOH/DCM)纯化,以得到呈无色固体的期望化合物编号93(98mg,55%);1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ,9.44(s,1H),8.35(2,1H),7.37(s,1H),7.30(s,1H),7.19(s,2H),4.88-4.94(m,1H),3.78(s,6H),3.76(m,1H),3.61(s,3H),3.57-.60(m,3H),2.92(m,2H),2.32(s,3H),2.01(s,3H),1.14(s,9H);MS(ESI)m/z 524[M+H]+。
4-(3-((1,4-二氮杂环庚烷-1-基)甲基)-4-甲基-1H-吡咯-1-基)-5-甲基-N-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)嘧啶-2-胺:化合物编号96
将中间体编号3(200mg,0.52mmol)和1,4-二氮杂环庚烷-1-羧酸叔丁基酯(181微升,78mmol)存于4mL二氯甲烷的溶液在室温下搅拌20小时。在室温下,向该反应物中添加NaBH(OAc)3(230mg,1.0mmol)。将该反应物在室温下搅拌4小时,随后用1N-NaOH淬灭。用乙酸乙酯萃取,并用盐水洗涤两次。所收集的有机层用无水硫酸钠干燥,随后在真空下浓缩。所产生的残余物由硅胶色谱纯化,以得到呈淡黄色固体的经叔丁氧羰基(Boc)保护的化合物编号96(241mg,82%)。将所得化合物溶于3mL甲醇中。向该得到的溶液中添加2.5mL4M-HCl。在室温下搅拌6小时后,在真空下部分浓缩反应混合物,随后添加EtOAc以形成沉淀物。通过过滤收集所得黄色固体,并用EtOAC冲洗,以得到呈三盐酸盐的化合物编号96(230mg,94%);1H NMRδ11.13(br s,1H),9.56(s,1H),8.43(s,1H),7.83(s,1H),7.44(s,1H),7.19(s,2H),4.20(m,2H),3.78(s,6H),3.61(s,3H),3.40-3.52(m,10H),2.36(s,3H),2.13(s,3H);MS(ESI)m/z 467[M+H]+。
4-(3-((1,4-二氮杂环庚烷-1-基)甲基)-4-甲基-1H-吡咯-1-基)-5-甲基-N-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)嘧啶-2-胺:化合物编号97
在室温下,向化合物编号96(42mg,0.07mmol)存于1mL乙腈和二异丙基乙胺(83微升)的溶液中添加催化量的N,N-二甲基氨基吡啶和三甲基乙酸酐(28微升,0.14mmol)。在室温下搅拌16小时后,在真空下浓缩该反应混合物。所产 生的残余物用EtOAc萃取,用2N-NaOH洗涤,用无水硫酸钠干燥,在真空下浓缩,随后由色谱(5%-15%MeOH/DCM)纯化,以得到呈无色固体的期望化合物编号97(29mg,72%);1H NMR(300MHz,CDCl3)δ,9.44(s,1H),8.35(s,1H),7.38(s,1H),7.31(s,1H),7.19(s,2H),3.77(s,6H),3.61(s,3H),3.49-3.52(m,6H),2.73(m,2H),2.33(s,3H),2.04(s,3H),1.76(m,2H),1.18(s,9H);MS(ESI)m/z551[M+H]+。
表3
式I化合物
生物检验
1、激酶抑制检验
测试本发明化合物抑制激酶面板的能力,所述激酶面板包括(但不限于)脾酪氨酸激酶(SYK)、ζ链相关蛋白激酶70(ZAP70)、PTK2B蛋白酪氨酸激酶2(PYK2)、粘着斑激酶(FAK)、马洛尼(maloney)前病毒整合激酶1(PIM1)、转染重排激酶(RET)、Fms样酪氨酸激酶3(FLT3)、Janus激酶2(JAK2)和富亮氨酸重复激酶2(LRRK2)。
FLT3是III型受体酪氨酸激酶(RTK)家族中的成员,且FLT3的配体由骨髓基质细胞和其它细胞表达。FLT3的配体与其它生长因子协同作用,以刺激干细胞、祖细胞、树突细胞和天然杀伤细胞的增殖。FLT3涉及到造血障碍性疾病;所述造血障碍性疾病是包括骨髓增生障碍性疾病在内的恶变前障碍性疾病,例如血小板增多症、原发性血小板增多症(ET)、血管生成骨髓化生、骨髓纤维化(MF)、伴随骨髓化生的骨髓纤维化(MMM)、慢性特发性骨髓纤维化(IMF)、和真性红细胞增多症(PV)、细胞减少症、和恶变前骨髓增生异常综合征。血液恶性肿瘤包括白血病、淋巴瘤(非霍奇金氏(non-Hodgkin’s)淋巴瘤)、霍奇金氏疾病(也称为霍奇金氏淋巴瘤)、和骨髓瘤(例如急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)、急性骨髓性白血病(AML)、急性早幼粒细胞性白血病(APL)、慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)、慢性骨髓性白血病(CML)、慢性中性粒细胞白血病(CNL)、急性未分化细胞白血病(AUL)、间变性大细胞性淋巴瘤(ALCL)、幼淋巴细胞白血病(PML)、青少年粒-单核细胞白血病(JMML)、成人T细胞ALL、伴有三系骨髓病态造血表现的初发急性髓样白血病(AML/TMDS)、混合性白血病(MLL)、骨髓增生异常综合征(MDS)、骨髓增生障碍性疾病(MPD)、多发性骨髓瘤(MM)、和髓样肉瘤)。
RET是细胞外信号分子(GFL’s)的源自神经胶质细胞系的神经元营养因子(GDNF)家族成员的受体。RET信号转导对于肾和肠神经系统的正常发育非常重要。RET功能丧失性突变与先天性巨结肠症(Hirschsprung’s disease)的发生有关,而RET功能获得性突变与各种类型的癌症发生有关,其中包括甲状腺髓样癌和II型和III型多发性内分泌肿瘤。
脾酪氨酸激酶(SYK)是酪氨酸激酶SYK家族的成员,所述酪氨酸激酶是非受体细胞质酪氨酸激酶,具有由连接域分开的特有双SH2结构域。SYK在传递来自包括CD74、Fc受体和整联蛋白等多种细胞表面受体的信号中具有重要作用。SYK功能异常涉及造血系统的恶性肿瘤事件。业内知道数种转化病毒例如易普斯坦-巴尔(Epstein-Barr)病毒、牛白血病病毒和小鼠乳房肿瘤病毒皆含有导致SYK激活的“免疫受体酪氨酸激活基序(ITAM)”。
ZAP70是属于蛋白酪氨酸激酶家族的酶,且在胸腺细胞发育、T-细胞发育和淋巴细胞激活方面具有重要作用。在T-细胞抗原受体(TCR)受到刺激之后,ZAP70在酪氨酸残基上发生磷酸化,且在TCR介导的信号转导的初始步骤中与Src家族激酶、Lck和Fyn组合发挥作用。ZAP70基因突变造成选择性T-细胞缺陷,这是一种由CD8-阳性T-细胞选择性缺失为表征的严重的组合免疫缺陷疾病。
PYK2是细胞质蛋白酪氨酸激酶,参与钙致离子通道调节和人丝裂原激活的蛋白激酶(MAP激酶)信号转导通路的激活。该编码的蛋白可在增加钙流的神经肽激活受体或神经递质与调节神经元活性的下游信号间担当重要的信号转导中间体。该编码的蛋白响应细胞内钙浓度增加、烟酰胺乙酰胆碱受体激活、膜去极化或蛋白激酶C活化,而发生快速的酪氨酸磷酸化,从而被激活。PYK2的活化与促进c-Jun N-末端激酶活性高度关联。PYK2涉及到诸如下列疾病:骨质疏松症、关节炎、骨髓性白血病、低渗压症、肉瘤、原始细胞危象、胶质瘤、红白血病、和癌症。
FAK(由基因PTK2编码)是非受体酪氨酸激酶,整合来自整联蛋白和生长因子受体的信号。FAK在调节细胞存活、生长、伸展、迁移和侵袭中具有重要作用。由在多个酪氨酸残基发生磷酸化而调节并激活FAK。FAK的mRNA和/或蛋白的过表达涉及到乳腺、结肠、甲状腺和前列腺等的癌症。恶性组织中FAK的磷酸化增加。
JAK1是蛋白-酪氨酸激酶(PTK)家族的成员,其特征是紧跟PTK结构域的N-末端存在第二个磷酸转移酶相关结构域。JAK1参与干扰素-α/β和-γ的信号转导通路。干扰素-α通路中JAK1与TYK2活性间的互补相互依赖关系、干扰素-γ通路中JAK1与JAK2间的互补相互依赖关系可反映出在干扰素受体复合体正确组合中对这些激酶的需求。
JAK2涉及由II型细胞因子受体家族(例如干扰素受体)、巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)受体家族(IL-3R、IL-5R和GM-CSF-R)、gpl30受体家族(例如IL-6R)和单链受体(例如Epo-R、Tpo-R、GH-R、PRL-R)成员进行的信号转导。JAK2基因融合TEL(ETV6)(TEL-JAK2)和PCM1基因与白血病有关。 此外,JAK2的突变涉及真性红细胞增多症、原发性血小板增多症和其它骨髓增生障碍性疾病。该JAK2的突变是在617位的缬氨酸突变为苯丙氨酸,从而使得造血细胞对如红细胞生成素和血小板生成素等生长因子更敏感。
JAK3是Janus家族的酪氨酸激酶,主要在免疫细胞中表达。JAK3经由白介素受体介导发生酪氨酸磷酸化,从而被激活,且JAK3响应该激活进行信号传导。消除JAK3功能的突变引起常染色体严重联合免疫缺陷疾病(SCID)。不表达JAK3的小鼠具有对各种细胞因子都不响应的T-细胞和B-细胞。由于JAK3主要在造血细胞中表达,因此认为JAK3在细胞因子信号转导中的作用比其它JAK具有更多的限制。JAK3通过受体参与信号转导,该受体具有I型细胞因子受体家族(例如IL-2R、IL-4R、IL-7R、IL-9R、IL-15R和IL-21R)的常见γ链(γC)。
已确定马洛尼前病毒整合激酶(PIM-激酶)为常见原癌基因的一种,能由小鼠中发生的马洛尼反转录病毒整合事件而被转录激活,从而使受感染的小鼠出现淋巴瘤。PIM1、PIM2和PIM3是丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶,通常响应于生长因子和细胞因子而对造血细胞的存活和增殖产生作用。过表达PIM1或PIM2的转基因小鼠表现出T-细胞淋巴瘤的发病率增加,而PIM1或PIM2与c-myc组合过表达则与B-细胞的发病率相关。异常的PIM表达在包括前列腺癌、肝细胞癌和胰腺癌在内的多种人恶性肿瘤中皆有所报导。PIM激酶参与辅助性T-细胞的早期分化过程,其中辅助性T-细胞在自身免疫性疾病、变应性反应和组织移植排斥中协同免疫应答。除在癌症治疗和骨髓增生性疾病中具有潜在作用外,PIM抑制剂可用来控制免疫细胞在其它例如自身免疫性疾病、变应性反应和器官移植排斥综合症等病理条件下的扩增。
方法
SYK、ZAP70、PYK2、FAK、PIM1、RET、FLT3、JAK2和LRRK2激酶活性的抑制
将本发明化合物在100%二甲基亚砜(DMSO)(CALBIOCHEMTM)中初始稀释至10mM,用于储存,且制备得到化合物浓度为1μM至10μM范围内的激酶缓冲溶液。将本发明化合物的系列稀释液分配到96-孔板(GREINER BIOSCIENCESTM)中,每个孔6μL。将纯化的人全长SYK、ZAP70、PIM1、PYK2和截短的人FAK、RET、FLT3、JAK2和LRRK2(CARNA BIOSCIENCESTM)在激酶缓冲液中稀释,并添加到化合物溶液中,在室温下预孵育30分钟(对于PYK2预孵育1小时)。接着,将ATP(TEKNOVATM)和底物溶液添加(每孔12μL)到含有化合物溶液和酶的孔中;其中底物溶液为PerkinElmerTM建议的制造底物,例如:对于用于SYK为的UlightTM-TK肽、对于用于ZAP70、FAK和PYK2为的UlightTM-PolyGT、且对于用于PIM1为的UlightTM-CREBtide(PERKINELMERTM)。将反应混合物孵育1小时(对于PYK2孵育2小时)。孵育后,添加用乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、水和Lance检测缓冲液(PERKINELMERTM)制备的终止溶液(每孔12μL),以终止磷酸化作用。添加终止溶液,且摇动5分钟后,将检测溶液添加(每孔12μL)到反应混合物中,再孵育50分钟;其中检测溶液含有经铕标记的抗体(PerkinElmerTM建议的制造底物产品,,例如,对于SYK、ZAP70、PYK2和FAK为PT66,且对于PIM1为Anti-Creb)、水和Lance检测缓冲液。在添加检测溶液且孵育50分钟后,经测量,底物磷酸化是测量的665nm处发射波长的函数。除非另有说明,在Gradpad Prism 5中计算测试化合物的IC50值测试化合物的IC50值经Gradpad Prism 5计算,除非另有说明。
结果
式(I)化合物呈现出有用的药理特性。如本文所用,0%抑制表示对激酶活性没有抑制(例如,在未经抑制剂处理的对照样品中所见),而100%抑制表示完全抑制激酶活性。
式(I)化合物对面板上的蛋白激酶呈现出不同的抑制程度。某些化合物对于一种或多种激酶在1μM浓度下显示大于80%的抑制百分比,如表2中所示。
例如,1μM浓度的式(I)化合物21,即(4-甲基-1-(5-甲基-2-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基氨基)嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡咯-3-基)甲醇显示出抑制SYK(96.4%)、Zap70(54.6%)、PYK2(78.2%)、FAK(70.7%)和PIM1(71.2%)、LRRK2(93%)的激酶活性,以及抑制FLT3(IC50,1.9nM)、RET(IC50,50nM)、KIT(137nM)和JAK2(IC50,7.7nM)的激酶活性(参见表2)。表2示出了SYK、ZAP70、 PYK2、FAK、PIM1、RET、FLT3、JAK2和LRRK2由式(I)代表性化合物抑制的百分比/摩尔抑制。使用两种公知的激酶抑制剂R406和星形孢菌素作为阳性对照。
表2
各种激酶的抑制
化合物编号 | SYK | ZAP70 | PYK2 | FAK | PIM1 |
14 | 82.7% | 41.3% | 30.6% | 36.9% | 21.9% |
16 | 80.7% | 31.9% | 84.9% | 34.1% | n.d. |
21 | 96.4% | 54.6% | 78.2% | 70.7% | 71.2% |
38 | 41.8% | 19.3% | 18% | 17.7% | 3.7% |
41 | 99.3% | n.d. | 30.7% | 13.9% | n.d. |
46 | 5.9nM | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
52 | 3.5nM | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | ad. |
R406 | 96.8% | 58.5% | 74.3% | 46.5% | n.d. |
RET | FLT3 | JAK2 | LRRK2 | |
21 | 50nM | 1.9nM | 7.7nM | 93% |
24 | 40.4nM | 6.8nM | 1.6nM | n.d. |
29 | 42% | 53%. | n.d. | 31.4% |
32 | 51.3nM | n.d. | 40% | 44.3%. |
40 | 10.2nM | 0.17nM | 3.7nM | 275nM |
91 | 5.2nM | 0.4nM | 36.5nM | 424.1nM |
93 | 76.1nM | 11.7nM | 219.3nM | n.d. |
96 | 10.1nM | 0.53nM | 3.9nM | n.d. |
97 | 35.8nM | 3.6nM | 65.1nM | n.d. |
121 | 2.3nM | 1.7nM | 2.5nM | n.d. |
星形孢菌素 | 2.2nM | 0.2nM | 0.3nM | 7.8nM |
*n.d.未测定
2、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α释放检验
测试本发明化合物对人急性单核细胞白血病细胞系(THP-1)中的TNF-α释放的影响,以阐释本发明化合物在细胞水平上的潜在效能。TNF-α是参与全身炎症的细胞因子,且是刺激急性期反应的一组细胞因子中的成员。TNF-α的主要作用在于调节免疫细胞。已知TNF-α诱导凋亡性细胞死亡和炎症,并抑制早期肿瘤生成和病毒复制。TNF-α的失调、尤其是过度生成涉及多种人类疾病、自身免疫性疾病、炎症、关节炎和癌症。
由细胞响应的刺激类型控制TNF-α的生成或释放。而SYK活性参与介导TNF-α的生成。当由IgG刺激时,细胞以SYK依赖的方式增加TNF-α的生成(即, SYK依赖通路)。然而,当由脂多糖(LPS)刺激时,细胞以SYK非依赖的方式生成TNF-α。
方法
测试本发明化合物对THP-1细胞中TNF-α释放的影响。对于SYK依赖的TNF-α释放检验(即,经由IgG刺激),使用源自人单核细胞的THP-1细胞,该THP-1细胞得自美国模式培养物保藏所(American Type Culture Collection)(ATCC,马纳萨斯,弗吉尼亚州(VA))。这种细胞系用含有10%胎牛血清(FBS;GIBCOTM)和0.05mM 2-巯基乙醇的洛斯维公园纪念研究所(RPMI)培养液(GIBCOTM)培养。将THP-1细胞以1x105个细胞/100μL/孔接种在人IgG(10μg/孔,INVITROGENTM)涂布的96孔培养板中,且随后添加系列稀释的化合物。在37℃下培养18小时后,收集上清液,由酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)测定TNF-α水平。剩余细胞进行MTT(黄色四唑盐)检验,以测定化合物的细胞毒性效应。
对于SYK非依赖的TNF-α释放检验(即经由脂多糖(LPS)-刺激),使用源自人单核细胞的THP-1细胞,该THP-1细胞得自美国模式培养物保藏所(ATCC,马纳萨斯,VA)。这种细胞系用含有10%胎牛血清(FBS,GIBCOTM)和0.05mM2-巯基乙醇的RPMI培养液(GIBCOTM)培养。将THP-1细胞以1x105个细胞/100μL/孔接种在96-孔培养板中,且用脂多糖(1μg/mL)处理,并随后添加系列稀释的化合物。在37℃下培养18小时后,收集上清液,由ELISA测定TNF-α水平。剩余细胞进行MTT检验,以测定细胞毒性效应。
结果
式(I)化合物呈现出有用的药理特性。如本文所用,不存在抑制剂时所使用的对照样品显示出TNF-α释放的0%抑制。
以SYK依赖的方式(例如,IgG刺激),0.3μM浓度的某些式(I)化合物的抑制百分比高于50%。具体而言,在SYK依赖的TNF-α释放检验(即,IgG刺激释放)中,0.3μM浓度的本发明化合物编号82、132和133显示出百分比抑制高于R406(即一种广为人知的激酶抑制剂)显示出的百分比抑制。
例如,式(I)化合物编号133即(R)-1-((1-(2-(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基)-5-氟嘧啶 -4-基)-1H-吡咯-3-基)甲基)吡咯烷-3-醇,在浓度0.3μM下显示出的TNF-α释放百分比抑制高于R406的百分比抑制。本发明代表性式(I)化合物的百分比抑制数据示于表3中。
表3
TNF-α释放抑制
3、细胞存活率检验:RET抑制
测试本发明化合物对各种人癌症细胞系(例如MTC-TT)细胞存活率的影响,以阐释本发明的效能。
RET原癌基因编码受体酪氨酸激酶,用于接受细胞外信号分子源自神经胶质细胞系的神经元营养因子家族成员。RET功能丧失性突变与Hirschsprung’s疾病有关,而功能获得性突变则涉及人多种类型癌症的发生,包括甲状腺髓样瘤、多发性内分泌肿瘤形成2A(MEN2A)和2B(MEN2B)型、嗜铬细胞瘤和甲状旁腺增生。
方法
为对RET依赖的细胞存活率进行论述,使用甲状腺髓样癌细胞系(代表MEN2A的MTC-TT)来测试本发明化合物。在含有15%小牛血清(ThermoTM的HyclonTM)且补充有2mM L-谷氨酰胺的RPMI培养液中培养MTC-TT细胞。使细胞以5x104个细胞/100μL/孔的密度一式两份在96-孔板中生长1天,并用不同浓度的测试化合物处理。药物处理2天后,根据生产商的说明书使用单溶液96孔细胞增殖检测试剂盒(Cell Titer 96Aqueous One Solution Reagent)(PromegaTM)测量MTC-TT的细胞存活率。
结果
如本文所用,不存在抑制剂时所使用的对照样品表示细胞存活率抑制50%时的浓度(IC50)。
IC50浓度的式(I)化合物的抑制范围大于100nM。具体地,在RET诱导的癌症细胞系中,化合物40和121呈现的抑制水平大于由公知的激酶抑制剂凡德他尼(Vandetinib)和舒尼替尼(Sunitinib)所呈现的抑制水平。
例如,在IC50测量中,式(I)化合物121即2-(4-(4-(3-((二甲基氨基)甲基)-4-甲基-1H-吡咯-1-基)-5-甲基嘧啶-2-基氨基)-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)乙醇呈现的抑制比由凡德他尼(AstraZenecaTM)和舒尼替尼(PfizerTM)所呈现的抑制高2倍以上(参见表4),其中凡德他尼和舒尼替尼是血管内皮生长因子受体(VEGFR)和外皮生长因子受体(EGFR)的拮抗剂。本发明代表性式(I)化合物的IC50抑制数据示于表4中。
表4
细胞存活率
4、细胞存活率检验:FLT3-内部串联重复(ITD)-阳性细胞的抑制
在人急性白血病细胞系(MV4-11)中,测试本发明化合物对FLT3-ITD抑制的影响。FLT3主要在未成熟造血祖细胞以及成熟髓样细胞中表达,属于包括KIT、FMS和PDGFR等的III型受体酪氨酸激酶(RTK)家族。FLT3通过与配体(FL)结合而激活,导致激酶活性增加,从而激活包括STAT5、Ras和PI3激酶等的下游信号转导通路。
FLT3-ITD(内部串联重复)在近膜结构域中发生突变是在急性骨髓性白血病(AML)中最经常观察到的分子缺陷。FLT3-ITD诱导配体非依赖的二聚化、自磷酸化和组成型激活,并能转化造血细胞。临床上,已知FLT3-ITD增强白细胞增多症、增加原始细胞计数、增高复发率、降低无病存活率和较差的总存活率。因此,FLT3-ITD是AML治疗中极具吸引力的分子靶点。
方法
测试本发明化合物对MV4-11细胞的细胞存活率的影响。用于细胞存活率检验的表达人FLT3-ITD的MV4-11细胞得自美国模式培养物保藏所(ATCC,马纳萨斯,VA)。这种细胞系用含有10%小牛血清(BCS;HycloneTM)且补充有铁的RPMI培养液(HyCloneTM)培养。将MV4-11细胞以2x104个细胞浓度接种在96-孔培养板中,并随后添加系列稀释的化合物。在37℃下培养72小时后,使用基于活细胞ATP定量的ATP精简1步检验(ATPLite lstep assay)(Perkin-ElmerTM)测量细胞的存活率。同时,平行进行细胞效价液态检验(CellTiter Aqueous assay)(PromegaTM)作为正交检验。使用非线性回归计算IC50值,并将IC50值定义为:与未经处理的对照细胞相比,使经处理的细胞在荧光或吸光率降低50%所需的浓度(PrismTM软件)。
结果
式(I)化合物在IC50浓度下显示出大于10nM的抑制性。具体地,在FLT3ITD诱导的癌症细胞系中,化合物91和93呈现的抑制水平高于凡德他尼和舒尼替尼的抑制水平。
例如,化合物93即新戊酸1-((4-甲基-1-(5-甲基-2-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基氨基)嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡咯-3-基)甲基)氮杂环丁烷-3-基酯的IC50抑制比舒尼替尼(辉瑞公司(Pfizer))和PKC-412(诺华公司(Novartis))高6倍以上,其中舒尼替尼(Pfizer)和PKC-412(Novartis)是公知的血管内皮生长因子受体(VEGFR)和外皮生长因子受体(EGFR)拮抗剂。代表性式(I)化合物(例如,化合物91、93、96和97)的IC50抑制数据示于表5中。
表5
FLT3-ITD致癌细胞系的存活率
5、细胞存活率检验:JAK2抑制
测试本发明化合物对人红白血病细胞系(HEL)中JAK2抑制的影响,以阐 释本发明化合物在细胞水平上的潜在效能。由四种不同蛋白酪氨酸激酶JAK1、JAK2、JAK3和TYK2组成的Janus相关激酶(JAK)家族在细胞存活、增殖和分化中具有重要作用。JAK2基因的单一突变V617F(缬氨酸-至-苯丙氨酸的取代)产生组成型激酶活性,并促成造血失调。通常在骨髓增生障碍性疾病(MPD)中检测到JAK2的V617F突变,所述骨髓增生障碍性疾病是一组造血干细胞克隆障碍性疾病,包括真性红细胞增多症(PV)、原发性血小板增多症(ET)和特发性骨髓纤维化(IMF),这些疾病全部都有可能转化为急性骨髓性白血病。JAK2V617F被组成性磷酸化,且能够在没有细胞因子刺激时激活下游信号转导。
JAK2还是多种细胞因子和生长因子受体下游信号转导的关键传递者。具体而言,JAK2可磷酸化蛋白的信号转导与转录激活因子(STAT)家族。STAT磷酸化后,发生二聚化,并转移到核中,且在核中结合DNA并调节靶基因的表达。已知JAK2/STAT信号转导涉及驱动细胞周期调节和抗细胞凋亡通路。
方法
测试本发明化合物对HEL细胞存活率的影响。用于细胞存活率检验的表达人JAK2V617F的HEL细胞得自美国模式培养物保藏所(ATCC,马纳萨斯,VA)。这种细胞系用含有10%小牛血清(BCS;HycloneTM)且补充有铁的RPMI培养液(HyCloneTM)培养。将HEL细胞以2x104个细胞的浓度接种在96孔培养板中,并随后添加系列稀释的化合物。在37℃下培养72小时后,使用基于活细胞ATP定量的ATP精简1步检验(Perkin-ElmerTM)测量细胞的存活率。同时,平行进行细胞效价液态检验(PromegaTM)作为正交检验。使用非线性回归计算IC50值,并将IC50值定义为:与未经处理的对照细胞相比,使经处理的细胞在荧光或吸光率降低50%所需的浓度(PrismTM软件)。
结果
式(I)化合物在IC50浓度下显示出大于10nM的抑制性。具体而言,化合物21和24呈现的抑制水平高于索拉非尼(Sorafenib)(拜耳公司(Bayer))的抑制水平,所述索拉非尼是一种公知的癌症细胞系中Raf、VEGFR和PDGFR的激酶抑制剂。
例如,化合物21即(4-甲基-1-(5-甲基-2-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基氨基)嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡咯-3-基)甲醇(参见表6,化合物139)的IC50抑制测量值比索拉非尼(Bayer)高约10倍。代表性式(I)化合物的IC50抑制数据示于表6中。
表6
细胞存活率:JAK2激酶抑制
6、活体外激酶抑制
人体内已经确定有高达518种不同的激酶。为了测定代表性式(I)化合物对公知激酶的抑制效应范围,针对104种市售激酶(Ambit BiosciencesTM)对化合物82进行测试。该104种激酶包括ABL1(E255K)-磷酸化、ABL1(T315I)-磷酸化、ABL1-磷酸化、ACVR1B、ADCK3、AKT1、AKT2、ALK、AURKA、AURKB、AXL、BMPR2、BRAF、BRAF(V600E)、BTK、CDK11、CDK2、CDK3、CDK7、CDK9、CHEK1、CSF1R、CSNK1D、CSNK1G2、DCAMKL1、DYRK1B、EGFR、EGFR(L858R)、EPHA2、ERBB2、ERBB4、ERK1、FAK、FGFR2、FGFR3、FLT1、FLT3、FLT4、GSK3B、IGF1R、IKK-α、IKK-β、INSR、JAK2(JH1结构域-催化)、JAK3(JH1结构域-催化)、JNK1、JNK2、JNK3、KIT、KIT(D816V)、KIT(V559D,T670I)、LKB1、LRRK2、LRRK2(G2019S)、MAP3K4、MAPKAPK2、MARK3、MEK1、MEK2、MET、MKNK1、MKNK2、MLK1、MTOR、p38-α、p38-β、PAK1、PAK2、PAK4、PCTK1、PDGFRA、PDGFRB、PDPK1、PIK3C2B、PIK3CA、PIK3CG、PFM1、PIM2、PIM3、PKAC-α、PLK1、PLK3、PLK4、PRKCE、PYK2、RAF1、RET、RIOK2、ROCK2、RSK2、SNARK、SRC、SRPK3、SYK、TAK1、TGFBR1、TIE2、TRKA、TSSK1B、TYK2(JH1结构域-催化)、ULK2、VEGFR2、YANK3和ZAP70。
结果
将化合物82的抑制活性报告为对照样品的百分比,其中较小的数值表示较强的活性。表7对20种不同的激酶进行了汇总,这些激酶的活性由于存在化合 物82即(R)-1-((1-(2-(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基)-5-氟嘧啶-4-基)-4-甲基-1H-吡咯-3-基)甲基)吡咯烷-3-醇,而受到显著性抑制。照惯例,低于对照样品的35%即被认为激酶活性受到显著性抑制,因为经常使用数值35%作为阈值。
表7
低于对照样品35%的激酶抑制分析
激酶 | %抑制 | 激酶 | %抑制 |
ABL1(T315I) | 35 | MLK1 | 22 |
AURKB | 31 | PDGFRB | 1.8 |
AXL | 31 | PLK3 | 11 |
FLT3 | 1.1 | RET | 32 |
JAK2 | 3 | SNARK | 4.2 |
JAK3 | 5.4 | SRPK3 | 25 |
KIT | 26 | SYK | 1 |
KIT(D816V) | 0.45 | TAK1 | 22 |
KIT(V559D,T670I) | 28 | TYK2 | 21 |
MKNK2 | 34 | ZAP70 | 34 |
尽管对本发明进行了具体展示和阐述以例示其实施例,但本领域技术人员应了解,在不背离由随附权利要求书所涵盖的本发明保护范围的情况下可于其中做出各种形式和细节的变化。
Claims (13)
1.一种式(I)化合物或其药学上可接受的盐:
其中:
X是CH或N;
R1选自H、卤素、甲基;
R2是苯基或吲哚基,其中所述苯基任选且独立地在一个或多个碳原子处经1-4个C1-C4烷基、烷氧基或吡咯烷基取代;且其中所述烷氧基为甲氧基、乙氧基、异丙氧基或叔丁氧基并且任选地经羟基或NR11R12取代,以及所述吡咯烷基任选地在碳原子处经羟基取代;以及其中所述吲哚基任选地在氮原子处经C1-C4烷基取代;
R3为H或甲基;且
R4选自(CH2)nOH、(CH2)nNR11R12、C(O)NR11R12或(CH2)nN(CH3)2,其中每个n皆独立地为1或2;
其中:
R11和R12与它们所键结的氮原子一起形成:
i)除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外不含杂原子的3-8元饱和环,其中所述3-8元饱和环任选地在一个可取代碳原子处经羟基或OC(O)C(CH3)3取代;
ii)除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外还含有1-3个杂原子5-8元饱和环,其中所述1-3个杂原子为氮,且其中所述含有1-3个杂原子的5-8元饱和环任选地在一个可取代氮原子处经CH2CH2OH或C(O)C(CH3)3取代。
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中R2是苯基,其中苯基经1、2或3个选自甲基、甲氧基、羟基乙氧基、或的基团取代。
3.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中所述除R11和R12所键结的氮原子以外不含杂原子的3-8元饱和环是4-6元环,其中所述4-6元环是氮杂环丁基、吡咯烷基,该氮杂环丁基、吡咯烷基任选且独立地在一个可取代碳原子处经羟基或OC(O)C(CH3)3取代。
4.根据权利要求3所述的化合物,其中R1是H、F或CH3。
5.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其中所述5-8元环是哌嗪基、或高哌嗪基,其中哌嗪基或高哌嗪基任选且独立地在氮原子处经CH2CH2OH或C(O)C(CH3)3取代。
6.根据权利要求5所述的化合物,其中R1是H、F、或CH3。
7.一种化合物,所述化合物选自:
(1-(2-(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基)-5-氟嘧啶-4-基)-4-甲基-1H-吡咯-3-基)甲醇;
(1-(2-(3,5-二甲氧基苯基氨基)-5-氟嘧啶-4-基)-4-甲基-1H-吡咯-3-基)甲醇;
(4-甲基-1-(5-甲基-2-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基氨基)嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡咯-3-基)甲醇;
(S)-1-(4-(4-(3-(羟基甲基)-4-甲基-1H-吡咯-1-基)-5-甲基嘧啶-2-基氨基)-2-甲基苯基)吡咯烷-3-醇;
l-(2-(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基)嘧啶-4-基)-N-(2-羟基乙基)-N,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-4-甲酰胺;
(R)-(1-(2-(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基)嘧啶-4-基)-3-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-基)(3-羟基吡咯烷-1-基)甲酮;
(R)-(1-(2-(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基)-5-氟嘧啶-4-基)-3-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-基)(3-羟基吡咯烷-1-基)甲酮;
2-(4-((4-甲基-1-(5-甲基-2-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基氨基)嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡咯-3-基)甲基)哌嗪-1-基)乙醇;
(R)-1-((1-(2-(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基)嘧啶-4-基)-4-甲基-1H-吡咯-3-基)甲基)吡咯烷-3-醇;
(R)-1-((1-(2-(3,5-二甲基-4-(2-(吡咯烷-1-基)乙氧基)苯基氨基)嘧啶-4-基)-3-甲基-1H-吡唑-4-基)甲基)吡咯烷-3-醇;
(R)-1-((4-甲基-1-(2-(1-甲基-1H-吲哚-5-基氨基)嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡咯-3-基)甲基)氮杂环丁烷-3-醇;
4-(4-((二甲基氨基)甲基)-3-甲基-1H-吡唑-1-基)-N-(3,5-二甲基苯基)-5-氟嘧啶-2-胺;
4-(3-((二甲基氨基)甲基)-4-甲基-1H-吡咯-1-基)-N-(3,5-二甲基苯基)-5-氟嘧啶-2-胺;
(R)-1-((1-(2-(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基)-5-氟嘧啶-4-基)-4-甲基-1H-吡咯-3-基)甲基)吡咯烷-3-醇;
1-((4-甲基-1-(5-甲基-2-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基氨基)嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡咯-3-基)甲基)氮杂环丁烷-3-醇;
新戊酸1-((4-甲基-1-(5-甲基-2-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基氨基)嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡咯-3-基)甲基)氮杂环丁烷-3-基酯;
4-(3-((1,4-二氮杂环庚烷-1-基)甲基)-4-甲基-1H-吡咯-1-基)-5-甲基-N-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)嘧啶-2-胺三盐酸盐;
2,2-二甲基-1-(4-((4-甲基-1-(5-甲基-2-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基氨基)嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡咯-3-基)甲基)-l,4-二氮杂环庚烷-1-基)丙烷-1-酮;
2-(4-(4-(3-((二甲基氨基)甲基)-4-甲基-1H-吡咯-1-基)-5-甲基嘧啶-2-基氨基)-2,6-二甲基苯氧基)乙醇;
4-(3-((二甲基氨基)甲基)-1H-吡咯-1-基)-N-(3,5-二甲基苯基)-5-氟嘧啶-2-胺;
(R)-1-((1-(2-(3,5-二甲基苯基氨基)-5-氟嘧啶-4-基)-1H-吡咯-3-基)甲基)吡咯烷-3-醇。
8.一种药学制剂,所述药学制剂包括根据权利要求1所述的化合物与药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂的组合。
9.根据权利要求1的治疗有效量的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备为有需要的受试者治疗由蛋白激酶介导的疾病的组合物中的用途,其中所述蛋白激酶介导的疾病选自由哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病、成人呼吸窘迫综合征、溃疡性结肠炎、克罗恩氏病、支气管炎、变应性鼻炎、银屑病、硬皮病、荨麻疹、大疱性障碍性疾病、胶原性疾病、接触性皮炎、湿疹、川崎病、酒渣鼻、薛格连氏综合征、类风湿性关节炎、多发性硬化、炎症性肠易激病、艾滋病病毒相关的疾病、狼疮、淋巴瘤、骨肉瘤、黑素瘤、乳腺癌、肾癌、前列腺癌、结直肠癌、甲状腺癌、卵巢癌、胰腺癌、神经癌、肺癌、子宫癌、胃肠癌、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、骨质疏松症、骨质减少症、骨软化症、骨纤维变性、佩吉特病、糖尿病、血管增生障碍性疾病、眼病、再狭窄症、纤维化症、动脉粥样硬化、心律紊乱、咽痛、心肌缺血、心肌梗塞、心脏或脉管瘤、脉管炎、中风、周围阻塞性动脉病、器官或组织缺血后的再灌注损伤、内毒素性或外科手术性或创伤性休克、瓣膜性心脏病、心力衰竭、异常血压、血管异常和移植排斥所组成的组。
10.根据权利要求9所述的用途,其中所述化合物单独给药、或与一种或多种其它治疗试剂组合给药;或,
所述化合物经由下列方式给药:静脉内给药、皮下给药、吸入、经口给药、直肠给药、非经肠给药、玻璃体内给药、肌内给药、鼻内给药、经皮给药、耳内给药、眼内给药、颊内给药、气管给药、支气管给药、或经舌下给药。
11.根据权利要求1所述的有效量的化合物在制备组合物中的用途,所述组合物抑制有需要的受试者体内SYK、PYK2、FAK、ZAP70、PIM1、FLT3、RET、JAK2、JAK3、LRRK2、LRRK2G2019S、ABL1T315I、AURKB、AXL、FLT3、KIT、KIT D816V、KIT V559D、KIT T670I、MKNK2、MLK1、PDGFRB、PLK3、RET、SNARK、SRPK3、TAK1、或TYK2信号转导。
12.根据权利要求1所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备用于抑制癌细胞生长的组合物中的用途,包括使所述癌细胞与所述化合物接触。
13.权利要求1所述的有效量的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制备为有需要的受试者治疗癌症的组合物中的用途。
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CA2780892A1 (en) | 2011-05-19 |
CL2012001221A1 (es) | 2013-06-07 |
EP2498607B1 (en) | 2016-02-17 |
EP2498607A4 (en) | 2013-06-19 |
KR101663637B1 (ko) | 2016-10-07 |
AU2010319382A1 (en) | 2012-04-19 |
JP5740409B2 (ja) | 2015-06-24 |
EA024729B1 (ru) | 2016-10-31 |
EA201290324A1 (ru) | 2012-12-28 |
MX2012005332A (es) | 2012-10-15 |
WO2011060295A1 (en) | 2011-05-19 |
SG10201407453TA (en) | 2014-12-30 |
US8629132B2 (en) | 2014-01-14 |
NZ599041A (en) | 2014-05-30 |
ZA201204246B (en) | 2013-09-25 |
US20110281841A1 (en) | 2011-11-17 |
CN102811619A (zh) | 2012-12-05 |
IL219726A (en) | 2016-04-21 |
BR112012011287B1 (pt) | 2022-02-08 |
WO2011060295A8 (en) | 2011-10-27 |
KR20130006417A (ko) | 2013-01-16 |
JP2013510876A (ja) | 2013-03-28 |
HK1179477A1 (zh) | 2013-10-04 |
MY160820A (en) | 2017-03-31 |
EP2498607A1 (en) | 2012-09-19 |
BR112012011287A2 (pt) | 2020-09-01 |
CA2780892C (en) | 2017-02-14 |
IL219726A0 (en) | 2012-07-31 |
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