CN102809262A - 一种利用igcc燃气轮机压缩空气生产氧气的方法及装置 - Google Patents
一种利用igcc燃气轮机压缩空气生产氧气的方法及装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种利用IGCC燃气轮机压缩空气生产氧气的方法及装置，所述的装置至少包括一由精馏塔组成的空分装置，它还包括：有一可引出一股燃气压缩空气的燃气轮机组压气机，一可将所述燃气压缩空气与从空分装置出来的常温氮气进行热交换的前热交换器；空分装置中的主换热器中设置有一供燃气压缩空气进入的前段换热通道，该前段换热通道在主换热器的上部设置有一连接一台带发电机的高温透平膨胀机，该高温透平膨胀机上的燃气压缩空气出口再连接于主换热器中的后段换热通道，所述后段换热通道出口连通原料空气压缩机来的空气汇合流道后或直接连通并接入精馏塔的中压塔内；本发明在精馏塔的双塔内实现了氧、氮的分离；在低压塔获得液氧，液氧经过至少一台液氧泵压缩后，在主换热器中复热汽化到常温作为高压氧气产品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及的是一种利用IGCC燃气轮机压缩空气的热能与压力能，用于空分装置生产高压氧气的方法及装置，属于低温技术领域。
背景技术
整体煤气化联合循环发电系统，即 IGCC（Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle），它是将煤气化技术和高效的联合循环相结合的先进动力系统，对环境友好，无污染物排放，对环保具有实际意义。
IGCC系统主要包括空分装置，燃气轮机组，蒸汽轮机组。燃气轮机机组包括压气机、膨胀机、发电机和燃烧室。膨胀机通过机械联结来驱动发电机和压气机，见附图1所示。
燃气轮机机组的是压气机工作产生压缩空气，压力1.3MPa（绝压），温度400℃。压缩空气除少部分被注入燃气轮机的燃烧室助燃外，大部分被节流减压到0.5MPa（绝压），经过纯化、降温后送入空分装置作为制氧的原料空气。如图所示。在此过程中，燃气轮机压缩空气大量的热能被循环冷却水冷却降温而浪费；1.3MPa的压力能节流到0.5MPa也同样被浪费。压缩空气是空分装置加工空气量的30％，同时空分装置的分子筛吸附系统需要大量的热量进行分子筛再生。如果能够利用燃气轮机压缩空气大量的热能和压力能，有利于空分装置制氧能耗的降低。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的不足，而提供一种可以将燃气轮机的压缩空气的热能与压力能回收，为空分装置制氧提高热量和冷量，从而减少整体煤气化联合循环发电系统的消耗，实现能源循环利用，以便节约成本和动力，降低空分装置制氧能耗的利用IGCC燃气轮机压缩空气生产氧气的方法及装置。
本发明的目的是通过如下技术方案来完成的，一种利用IGCC燃气轮机压缩空气生产氧气的装置，它至少包括一主要由原料空气压缩机，冷却、纯化单元，主换热器以及中低压双塔和主冷凝器组成的精馏塔构成的空分装置，它还包括一可引出一股燃气压缩空气的燃气轮机组压气机，一可将所述燃气压缩空气与从空分装置出来的常温氮气进行热交换的前热交换器；空分装置中的主换热器中设置有一供燃气压缩空气进入的前段换热通道，该前段换热通道在主换热器的上部设置有一连接一台带发电机的高温透平膨胀机，该高温透平膨胀机上的燃气压缩空气出口再连接于主换热器中的后段换热通道，所述后段换热通道出口连通原料空气压缩机来的空气汇合流道后或直接连通并接入精馏塔的中压塔内。
所述的前热交换器与主热交换器之间设置有一对燃气压缩空气进行纯化以除去水、二氧化碳和碳氢化合物杂质的纯化单元.
所述的原料空气压缩机之后经过冷却、纯化单元后至少分接有二路原料空气，第一路原料空气经过管道连接一高压空气压缩机，在经过第一冷却器后用管道连接一低温透平膨胀机的增压机，增压机出口接有第二冷却器，之后通过管道连接主换热器；在所述主换热器的中部分叉接出一分支管路连接低温透平膨胀机，之后接入所述精馏塔的中压塔内；而从主换热器直接从底部接出一管路并直接或间接地接入所述精馏塔的中压塔内；
第二路原料空气经过所述主换热器的第二路原料空气流道后直接或间接接入所述精馏塔的中压塔内。
一种利用IGCC燃气轮机压缩空气生产氧气的方法，该方法是：利用IGCC燃气轮机压缩空气的热能与压力能，用于空分装置生产高压氧气，它包括如下几个步骤：
1）从燃气轮机组压气机引出一股压缩空气，其中至少一部分通过一个前热交换器，与空分装置出来的常温污氮气进行热交换，使污氮气温度上升，压缩空气被冷却到常温，从而实现了压缩空气热能的回收；
2）压缩空气热能回收后继续纯化，经过纯化单元后除去水、二氧化碳和碳氢化合物杂质后送入空分冷箱的主换热器；
3）压缩空气引到主换热器后，从主换热器的上部抽出，然后送入到一台带发电机的高温透平膨胀机进行膨胀降压和降温，高温透平膨胀机通过机械耦合驱动发电机发电，从而实现了压缩空气压力能量的回收；
4）降温后的压缩空气在主换热器中继续与逆流体进行热交换，从而进一步冷却，与空分装置空气压缩机来的原料空气汇合进入冷箱内的精馏塔中压塔内，作为空分装置的一部分原料空气。
5）所述的精馏塔由一个中压塔和一个低压塔通过主冷凝器联结形成双塔结构，通过主冷凝器，中压塔提供低压塔底部液体蒸发产生上升蒸汽的热量，而低压塔提供中压塔顶部氮气冷凝产生回流液的冷量，在双塔内实现了氧、氮的分离；在低压塔获得液氧，液氧经过至少一台液氧泵压缩后，在主换热器中复热汽化到常温作为高压氧气产品。
本发明作为空分装置的另一部分原料空气来自于所述的空分装置空气压缩机，且所述空分装置的空气压缩机原料空气分为如下两部分：
一部分原料空气送到一个高压空气压缩机进行压缩，之后引入主换热器与返流体热交换后冷却，然后使用一个高压节流装置，节流后送入中压塔的下部；
剩余部分的原料空气引入主换热器与返流流体热交换也被冷却，之后也送入中压塔的下部，参与中压塔内的精馏。
燃气轮机机组的压缩空气具有大量的热能和压力能，IGCC空分装置生产高压氧气需要消耗大量的电能，本发明的目的在于提供一种能够充分利用IGCC燃气轮机压缩空气的热能与压力能的装置和方法，相对于现有技术它具有较小的单位能量消耗生产高压氧，并对IGCC其它的系统没有干扰和影响；它充分回收利用了IGCC系统的压缩空气大量的热能和压力能，从而降低空分装置生产高压氧气的成本，可以经济地获得高压氧气。
附图说明
图1是现有燃气轮机组工艺原理图。
图2是本发明的工艺流程原理图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。图2所示，本发明所述的一种利用IGCC燃气轮机压缩空气生产氧气的装置，它至少包括一主要由原料空气压缩机，冷却、纯化单元，主换热器以及中低压双塔和主冷凝器组成的精馏塔构成的空分装置；
它还包括：有一可引出一股燃气压缩空气的燃气轮机组压气机31，一可将所述燃气压缩空气与从空分装置出来的常温氮气进行热交换的前热交换器37；空分装置中的主换热器中设置有一供燃气压缩空气进入的前段换热通道，该前段换热通道在主换热器的上部设置有一连接一台带发电机的高温透平膨胀机41，该高温透平膨胀机41上的燃气压缩空气出口再连接于主换热器中的后段换热通道，所述后段换热通道出口连通原料空气压缩机来的空气汇合流道后或直接连通并接入精馏塔的中压塔内。
所述的前热交换器37与主热交换器之间设置有一对燃气压缩空气进行纯化以除去水、二氧化碳和碳氢化合物杂质的纯化单元39.
本发明所述的原料空气压缩机2之后经过冷却、纯化单元后至少分接有二路原料空气，第一路原料空气经过管道连接一高压空气压缩机13，在经过第一冷却器后用管道连接一低温透平膨胀机的增压机16，增压机16出口接有第二冷却器，之后通过管道连接主换热器20；在所述主换热器20的中部分叉接出一分支管路连接低温透平膨胀机22，之后接入所述精馏塔的中压塔内；而从主换热器20直接从底部接出一管路并直接或间接地接入所述精馏塔的中压塔内；
第二路原料空气经过所述主换热器的第二路原料空气流道后直接或间接接入所述精馏塔的中压塔内。
一种利用IGCC燃气轮机压缩空气生产氧气的方法，该方法是：利用IGCC燃气轮机压缩空气的热能与压力能，用于空分装置生产高压氧气，它包括如下几个步骤：
1）从燃气轮机组压气机31引出一股压缩空气35，其中至少一部分通过一个前热交换器，与空分装置出来的常温污氮气进行热交换，使污氮气温度上升，压缩空气被冷却到常温，从而实现了压缩空气热能的回收；
2）压缩空气热能回收后继续纯化，经过纯化单元后除去水、二氧化碳和碳氢化合物杂质后送入空分冷箱的主换热器20；
3）压缩空气引到主换热器20后，从主换热器20的上部抽出，然后送入到一台带发电机的高温透平膨胀机进行膨胀降压和降温，高温透平膨胀机通过机械耦合驱动发电机发电，从而实现了压缩空气压力能量的回收；
4）降温后的压缩空气在主换热器中继续与逆流体进行热交换，从而进一步冷却，与空分装置空气压缩机来的原料空气汇合进入冷箱内的精馏塔中压塔内，作为空分装置的一部分原料空气。
5）所述的精馏塔由一个中压塔和一个低压塔通过主冷凝器联结形成双塔结构，通过主冷凝器，中压塔提供低压塔底部液体蒸发产生上升蒸汽的热量，而低压塔提供中压塔顶部氮气冷凝产生回流液的冷量，在双塔内实现了氧、氮的分离；在低压塔获得液氧，液氧经过至少一台液氧泵压缩后，在主换热器中复热汽化到常温作为高压氧气产品。
本发明所述的作为空分装置的另一部分原料空气来自于所述的空分装置空气压缩机，且所述空分装置的空气压缩机原料空气分为如下两部分：
一部分原料空气送到一个高压空气压缩机进行压缩，之后引入主换热器与返流体热交换后冷却，然后使用一个高压节流装置，节流后送入中压塔的下部；
剩余部分的原料空气引入主换热器与返流流体热交换也被冷却，之后也送入中压塔的下部，参与中压塔内的精馏。
实施例：
本发明利用IGCC燃气轮机压缩空气的热能与压力能生产高压氧气，它至少包括中/低压双塔、带发电机的高温空气透平膨胀机，高压空气压缩机、低温空气透平膨胀机、主换热器、高压节流阀以及联结管道。
从燃气轮机压气机31引出一股约400℃，1.3MPa（绝压）的压缩空气35，引到热交换器37。在热交换器37中，压缩空气1与空分装置出来的常温污氮气进行热交换，污氮气温度上升到约200℃，压缩空气被冷却到常温，从而实现了压缩空气热能的回收。
压缩空气然后通过管道38引入纯化单元39，在纯化单元，对压缩空气进行净化，除去水、二氧化碳和碳氢化合物杂质后通过管道40送入主换热器20。
压缩空气40引到主换热器20后，从主换热器20的上部抽出，然后送入到一台带发电机的高温透平膨胀机41膨胀降压到0.5～0.6MPa（绝压），优选0.55MPa（绝压），压缩空气在高温透平膨胀机内膨胀降温到-60～-80℃，高温透平膨胀机通过机械耦合驱动发电机42发电，从而实现了压缩空气压力能量的回收。
降温后的压缩空气43在主换热器20继续与逆流体热交换，冷却到露点温度，与空分装置空气压缩机来的空气（23，27）汇合进入中压塔29，作为空分装置的25％原料空气。
75％原料空气由空气压缩机2压缩常温常压的空气1提供。原料空气通过管道3引入到空气冷却塔4冷却到15～20℃，优选17℃。通过管道6引到一组交替工作的分子筛吸附器（8，9），被里面的分子筛吸附剂吸附除去水、二氧化碳和碳氢化合物等杂质。
交替工作的分子筛吸附器（8，9），每隔4～8小时切换使用容器，优选6个小时，一个工作一个再生。分子筛再生加热温度控制在170～200℃，再生气为空分装置出来的废气30。
原料空气11一部分通过管道12引到高压空气压缩机13压缩到4.0～5.0 MPa（绝压），优选5.0MPa（绝压）。然后冷却后14通过管道15引入到低温透平膨胀机的增压机16压缩到超临界压力6.0～7.5 MPa（绝压），冷却后18通过管道19送入到主换热器20。
一部分高压空气从主换热器20的中部抽出，通过管道21送入到低温透平膨胀机22。经过低温透平膨胀机22的膨胀后，空气降温到泡点温度，与其它的原料空气（23，43）汇合进入中压塔29。
另部分高压空气与返流体热交换后冷却到露点温度，从主换热器20的底部抽出，通过管道24送入到一个高压节流装置25，节流后送入中压塔29的下部。
其中，高压节流装置可以是节流阀，也可以是液体膨胀机，优选液体膨胀机。相对于节流阀，液体膨胀机可以降低空分装置的不可逆损失。
原料空气11一部分通过管道27进入主换热器20，与返流流体热交换并冷却到露点温度后引入中压塔29。中压塔29属于气提塔，不易挥发组分氧、氩浓集在中压塔29的中下部，易挥发组分氮浓集在中压塔29的顶部。
中压塔29和低压塔50通过主冷凝器61联结形成双塔结构，通过主冷凝器61，中压塔29提供低压塔50底部液体蒸发产生上升蒸汽的热量，而低压塔50提供中压塔29顶部氮气冷凝产生回流液52的冷量，在双塔内实现了氧、氮的分离。低压塔50的底部获得至少99.6％（V/V）纯度的液氧，从低压塔50的底部引出的液氧46，通过高压液氧泵45压缩后引入主换热器20，与主换热器的正流流体热交换汽化到常温作为高压氧气产品60。
低压塔50的顶部抽出污氮气57，经过主换热器20复热后，通过管道59进入热交换气37升温，然后通过管道30进入分子筛吸附器（8，9）进行再生。
该装置的制冷是通过低温透平膨胀机22和高温透平膨胀机41共同实现的。低温氮气膨胀机提供-177～-170℃的低温冷量；高温透平膨胀机41提供-60～-80℃的高温冷量。
上述实施例仅是本发明的优选实施方式，对于利用IGCC燃气轮机压缩空气生产高压氧气装置而言，可以作出各种变型或优化，这些也是本发明的保护范围。
传统空气装置生产1Nm3/h高压氧气电消耗为0.6千瓦.小时，本发明生产1Nm3/h高压氧气电消耗为0.45千瓦.小时，是传统空气装置生产高压氧气电消耗的75％。本发明专利如能推广应用，必将获得极大的经济效益。
Claims (5)
1.一种利用IGCC燃气轮机压缩空气生产氧气的装置，它至少包括一主要由原料空气压缩机，冷却、纯化单元，主换热器以及中低压双塔和主冷凝器组成的精馏塔构成的空分装置，其特征在于有一可引出一股燃气压缩空气的燃气轮机组压气机（31），一可将所述燃气压缩空气与从空分装置出来的常温氮气进行热交换的前热交换器（37）；空分装置中的主换热器中设置有一供燃气压缩空气进入的前段换热通道，该前段换热通道在主换热器的上部设置有一连接一台带发电机的高温透平膨胀机（41），该高温透平膨胀机（41）上的燃气压缩空气出口再连接于主换热器中的后段换热通道，所述后段换热通道出口连通原料空气压缩机来的空气汇合流道后或直接连通并接入精馏塔的中压塔内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的利用IGCC燃气轮机压缩空气生产氧气的装置，其特征在于所述的前热交换器（37）与主热交换器之间设置有一对燃气压缩空气进行纯化以除去水、二氧化碳和碳氢化合物杂质的纯化单元（39）。
3.根据权利要求1所述的利用IGCC燃气轮机压缩空气生产氧气的装置，其特征在于所述的原料空气压缩机（2）之后经过冷却、纯化单元后至少分接有二路原料空气，第一路原料空气经过管道连接一高压空气压缩机（13），在经过第一冷却器后用管道连接一低温透平膨胀机的增压机（16），增压机（16）出口接有第二冷却器，之后通过管道连接主换热器（20）；在所述主换热器（20）的中部分叉接出一分支管路连接低温透平膨胀机（22），之后接入所述精馏塔的中压塔内；而从主换热器（20）直接从底部接出一管路并直接或间接地接入所述精馏塔的中压塔内；
第二路原料空气经过所述主换热器的第二路原料空气流道后直接或间接接入所述精馏塔的中压塔内。
4.一种利用IGCC燃气轮机压缩空气生产氧气的方法，该方法是：利用IGCC燃气轮机压缩空气的热能与压力能，用于空分装置生产高压氧气，它包括如下几个步骤：
1）从燃气轮机组压气机（31）引出一股压缩空气（35），其中至少一部分通过一个前热交换器，与空分装置出来的常温污氮气进行热交换，使污氮气温度上升，压缩空气被冷却到常温，从而实现了压缩空气热能的回收；
2）压缩空气热能回收后继续纯化，经过纯化单元后除去水、二氧化碳和碳氢化合物杂质后送入空分冷箱的主换热器（20）；
3）压缩空气引到主换热器（20）后，从主换热器（20）的上部抽出，然后送入到一台带发电机的高温透平膨胀机进行膨胀降压和降温，高温透平膨胀机通过机械耦合驱动发电机发电，从而实现了压缩空气压力能量的回收；
4）降温后的压缩空气在主换热器中继续与逆流体进行热交换，从而进一步冷却，与空分装置空气压缩机来的原料空气汇合进入冷箱内的精馏塔中压塔内，作为空分装置的一部分原料空气；
5）所述的精馏塔由一个中压塔和一个低压塔通过主冷凝器联结形成双塔结构，通过主冷凝器，中压塔提供低压塔底部液体蒸发产生上升蒸汽的热量，而低压塔提供中压塔顶部氮气冷凝产生回流液的冷量，在双塔内实现了氧、氮的分离；在低压塔获得液氧，液氧经过至少一台液氧泵压缩后，在主换热器中复热汽化到常温作为高压氧气产品。
5.根据权利要求4所述的利用IGCC燃气轮机压缩空气生产氧气的方法，该方法是：作为空分装置的另一部分原料空气来自于所述的空分装置空气压缩机，且所述空分装置的空气压缩机原料空气分为如下两部分：
一部分原料空气送到一个高压空气压缩机进行压缩，之后引入主换热器与返流体热交换后冷却，然后使用一个高压节流装置，节流后送入中压塔的下部；
剩余部分的原料空气引入主换热器与返流流体热交换也被冷却，之后也送入中压塔的下部，参与中压塔内的精馏。
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