CN102777898B - A special gasification burner and combustion method for biological liquid fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a Chinese yamThe gasification burner special for the liquid fuel comprises a burner body and an oil supply system, wherein the burner body consists of a flame cover, a gasification chamber and a combustion chamber, the gasification chamber and the combustion chamber are arranged in the flame cover, the combustion chamber is positioned at the rear end of the flame cover, the rear end of the combustion chamber is connected with a pulse ignition device, the air storage chamber is nested outside the combustion chamber, a main combustion nozzle is arranged on the air storage chamber, an auxiliary gasification pipe is arranged in the combustion chamber, and the main gasification pipe is positioned at the front end of the gasification chamber and connected with the main combustion nozzle; the oil supply system comprises an oil supply pipe and an oil return pipe, and the oil return pipe is connected with the oil supply pipe through a flow regulating valve. The combustion system provided by the invention takes the biological liquid fuel as the fuel, has the characteristics of simple structure, small volume, high burnout rate, high heat conversion efficiency and the like, and the waste gas discharged by combustion is mainly CO₂And H₂O, almost NO is produced_xGas and no dust, and all indexes can reach the relevant standards of clean energy.

Description

A special gasification burner and combustion method for biological liquid fuel

technical field

The invention relates to a biomass burning device and a burning method, in particular to a burner and a burning method dedicated to the gasification of biological liquid fuels that burn thoroughly, have the highest heat conversion efficiency, and discharge waste gas of water and carbon dioxide.

Background technique

With the development of technology and the enhancement of people's awareness of environmental protection, people no longer directly burn biomass straws to obtain heat energy, but convert biomass straws into gas, and obtain heat through the combustion of gas, which can efficiently use heat and Solve the problem of air pollution, meet the requirements of environmental protection, regenerate energy, and turn waste into treasure.

At the same time, with the rise of new biofuels, the burners used in conjunction with them are also a high-efficiency, low-pollution and clean combustion technology developed in the past ten years. These burners have the advantages of high combustion efficiency, low emission concentration of harmful gases in flue gas, large load adjustment range, and comprehensive utilization of ash and residue. Under the increasingly severe energy shortage and environmental protection requirements, they have been rapidly popularized at home and abroad. Development, and has been commercialized, is developing towards large-scale. These burners have significant advantages that ordinary boilers do not have, including: high boiler thermal efficiency, stable operation, simple operation, wide fuel adaptability, strong adaptability to coal supply market fluctuations, low pollutant emissions; combustion High strength, small furnace cross-sectional area, etc.

At present, people have developed a variety of biomass combustion utilization methods, but due to the high volatile content of biomass, coke combustion and volatile combustion are not synchronized, the degree of burnout is poor, and black smoke is serious, which restricts the promotion of biomass combustion technology. And applications, and biomass contains more nitrogen, and a large amount of pollutants NO _x will be generated during combustion, so it still has a lot of pollution to the environment.

China authorized announcement number (CN 101666492 B) provides a biomass gasification combustion boiler, which uses the principle of fluidized combustion of biomass fuel without adding any chemical combustion aids, and produces a large amount of carbon monoxide, propane and methane through thermal energy reaction and other combustible gases, through preheating and dry distillation, biomass fuels are converted into high-quality combustible gases, and through the design of primary air, secondary air and tuyere, they are fully mixed with air to enhance combustion, completely smoke-free, dust-free, and Pollution gas emissions. But this invention adopts solid biomass fuel, the burner structure is more complex, the volume is larger, the production cost is higher, and the combustion steps are more complicated at the same time, need to install special air induction equipment, the burnout rate of fuel is not high.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a bio-liquid fuel gasification dedicated combustion with simple structure, small volume, high fuel burnout rate, mainly CO ₂ and H ₂ O and no soot emission. system.

A special gasification burner for biological liquid fuel, including a burner body and an oil supply system, characterized in that: the burner body is composed of a flame cover, a gasification chamber and a combustion chamber, and the gasification chamber and the combustion chamber are arranged on In the flame hood, the combustion chamber is located at the rear end of the flame hood. The combustion chamber is circular, and its rear end is connected with the pulse ignition device. The gasification chamber is nested outside the combustion chamber. One end is connected with the gasification chamber, and the other end is connected with the auxiliary nozzle. The main gasification pipe is located at the front end of the gasification chamber. A gas storage chamber is installed around the inner wall of the flame cover. The main combustion nozzle is installed on the gas storage chamber. One end of the main gasification pipe is It is connected with the gas storage chamber; the oil supply system includes an oil supply pipe and an oil return pipe, the oil supply pipe is provided with a switch, the oil return pipe is connected to the oil supply pipe through a flow regulating valve, and the end of the oil supply pipe is connected to the main oil supply pipe through a three-way pipe The main oil supply pipe is connected with the main gasification pipe, and the auxiliary oil supply pipe is connected with the gasification chamber.

Further, the sub-nozzle is a multi-forked nozzle, and the multi-forked nozzle is provided with at least three or more nozzles, and the nozzles are evenly distributed in the space, so that the gasification chamber can be heated evenly during combustion, which is conducive to the stability of the fuel in the gas state , as a further improvement of the present utility model, there are at least three multi-fork nozzles, and they are distributed in front and rear positions.

Further, there are at least three main combustion nozzles, and the main combustion nozzle adopts a single-hole nozzle. The single-hole nozzle can improve the one-time burnout rate of the fuel according to the characteristics of the fuel, and can use the fuel more effectively. calorific value.

Further, the main gasification pipe is in the shape of a coil, which effectively lengthens the length of the main gasification pipe, which is beneficial to the gasification of the biological liquid fuel and promotes the full combustion of the fuel.

Furthermore, both the main oil supply pipe and the auxiliary oil supply pipe are provided with flow regulating valves, which are mainly used to adjust the oil supply pressure and oil supply volume to stabilize the combustion effect.

A kind of biological liquid fuel combustion method provided by the invention is characterized in that: the combustion steps are as follows:

A biological liquid fuel combustion method, characterized in that: the combustion steps are as follows:

1) Mix bio-liquid fuel with oxygen or other oxygen-rich molecules at a mass ratio of 1:2--2:3;

2) Turn on the switch, input the mixed fuel to the burner through the oil supply pipe, and at the same time adjust the flow regulating valve on the oil supply pipe to maintain a certain fuel supply pressure, and the excess fuel returns to the oil supply pipe through the oil return pipe, At the same time, open the flow regulating valve on the auxiliary oil supply pipe to make the fuel flow into the gasification chamber;

3) After the fuel flows out from the auxiliary nozzle through the auxiliary gasification tube, it is ignited by the pulse ignition device, which generates sparks and ignites the fuel. The fuel is ejected from the auxiliary nozzle and burns, and the heat generated during combustion heats the gasification chamber. The fuel in the gasification chamber can be gasified, and the temperature in the gasification chamber can be kept between 800-1200°C during combustion;

4) Open the flow regulating valve on the main oil supply pipe so that the fuel flows into the main gasification pipe, and the flame ejected from the auxiliary nozzle directly heats the fuel entering the main gasification pipe to make it into a gas state, and the gasified fuel passes through the gas storage After the chamber, it is sprayed from the main combustion nozzle for combustion, and the combustion temperature reaches above 1200°C;

5) Adjust the flow regulating valve according to production needs to maintain the continuity and effect of combustion.

The supply pressure of the fuel passing through the flow regulating valve in step 2) is kept at 2-8kg/m ² .

The theoretical basis for the present invention to realize high-efficiency combustion is:

The fuel used in the special gasification burner for biological liquid fuel provided by the present invention is biological liquid fuel, which has the following characteristics after being tested by an authoritative department:

Alcohol content: 98%;

Density: 0.76-0.79kg/ ^m3 ;

Low calorific value: 20650kj/kg;

Vaporization temperature: 70°C;

Flammability: flash point <18°C, flammable;

Explosiveness: non-explosive.

Conducive to the characteristics of high flammability, low ignition point and non-explosiveness of biological liquid fuel, a two-stage gasification method is adopted, and two gasification tubes are arranged in the front and rear of the burner, and the biological liquid fuel is mixed with oxygen or other oxygen-rich molecules before use. Mixing can make the fuel burn in an oxygen-depleted state, and because the bio-liquid fuel has a low flash point and is ignited and ignited at room temperature, the bio-liquid fuel flowing out of the secondary gasification tube can burn rapidly after being ignited by the pulse ignition device , the temperature can reach over 1200°C in a few seconds during combustion, and the heat of combustion makes the fuel in the gasification chamber gasify rapidly due to the temperature rise, and the gasified fuel is ejected from the secondary nozzle for combustion, and its flame passes through the main gasification tube The fuel in the main gasification pipe is gasified, and the gasified fuel is sprayed out from the main combustion nozzle and ignited and burned to achieve a higher burnout rate.

The present invention has the following advantages:

1. The burner is simple in structure and reasonable in design. It adopts a two-stage gasification method. The fuel is burned in gaseous form, which makes the combustion more complete and improves the one-time burnout rate of the fuel. At the same time, the combustion temperature is high, and the heat radiation value can reach the traditional one. more than twice that of fossil fuels;

2. The biological liquid fuel is mixed with oxygen or other oxygen-rich molecules before use, so that the fuel can be fully burned in an oxygen-poor state, and at the same time avoids contact with nitrogen in the air, effectively reducing the harmful substances such as nitrogen oxides. Formation and production, the waste gas emitted by combustion is mainly CO ₂ and H ₂ O, and there is no smoke and dust, and all emission indicators are much lower than the relevant standards for clean energy. And the present invention does not need to install blower or induced draft fan and other air supply devices, and at the same time, it also greatly increases the safety of combustion under the condition of poor oxygen, and also reduces the weight and cost of the burner;

3. The oil supply pipe, the main oil supply pipe and the auxiliary oil supply pipe are all equipped with flow regulating valves, so that the fuel required for combustion can be provided stably, and the length of the flame can be controlled through each flow regulating valve, effectively increasing the heat energy High conversion efficiency, greatly improving the safety and operability of the system.

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing 1 is the structural representation of the special gasification burner of biological liquid fuel of the present invention;

Accompanying drawing 2 is the front view of the dedicated gasification burner for biological liquid fuel according to the present invention.

1-flame cover, 2-combustion chamber, 3-gasification chamber, 4-main gasification pipe, 5-subsidiary gasification pipe, 6-subsidiary nozzle, 7-gas storage chamber, 8-nozzle, 9-main combustion nozzle , 10-oil supply pipe, 11-oil return pipe, 12-flow regulating valve, 13-switch, 14-pulse ignition device, 15-tee pipe, 16-auxiliary oil supply pipe, 17-main oil supply pipe.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment:

In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, a special gasification burner for biological liquid fuel, the burner body is composed of a flame cover 1, a gasification chamber 3 and a combustion chamber 2, and the gasification chamber 3 and combustion chamber 2 are set In the flame cover 1, the combustion chamber 2 is located at the rear end of the flame cover 1, the combustion chamber 2 is circular, and its rear end is connected with the pulse ignition device 14, the gasification chamber 3 is nested outside the combustion chamber 2, and the combustion chamber 2 is set There is an auxiliary gasification pipe 5, one end of the auxiliary gasification pipe 5 communicates with the gasification chamber 3, and the other end is connected with the auxiliary nozzle 6, and the main gasification pipe 4 is located at the front end of the gasification chamber 3 and is connected with the main combustion nozzle 9.

The present invention also includes an oil supply system. The oil supply system includes an oil supply pipe 10 and an oil return pipe 11. A switch is arranged on the oil supply pipe 10. The oil return pipe 11 is connected to the oil supply pipe 10 through a flow regulating valve 12. The oil supply pipe The end of 10 is connected with the main oil supply pipe 17 and the auxiliary oil supply pipe 16 through the tee pipe 15, the main oil supply pipe 17 is connected with the main gasification pipe 4, and the auxiliary oil supply pipe 16 is communicated with the gasification chamber 3.

The sub-nozzle 6 is a multi-forked nozzle, and the multi-forked nozzle is provided with at least three or more nozzles 8, and the nozzles 8 are evenly distributed in the space. The flames sprayed by the multi-forked nozzle are scattered in multiple directions, which can make the temperature in the combustion chamber 2 more stable. It is beneficial to spread to the gasification chamber 3, and accelerate the gasification of the biological liquid fuel in the gasification chamber 3; as a further improvement of the present invention, at least two or more multi-fork nozzles are arranged and distributed in front and rear positions with each other, and the setting of the multi-fork nozzle It is beneficial to promote the temperature increase in the combustion chamber, and its function is to further accelerate the gasification of the biological liquid fuel in the gasification chamber 3 . In this embodiment, there are two multi-forked nozzles, and three spray heads 8 are arranged on each multi-forked nozzle.

The main combustion nozzle 9 adopts a single-hole nozzle, which can improve the one-time burnout rate of the fuel and can more effectively utilize the calorific value of the fuel. Further, as shown in FIG. 2 , there are at least three main combustion nozzles 9 , and the gas storage chamber 7 is uniformly installed on the inner wall of the flame cover 1 , and each main combustion nozzle 9 is installed on the gas storage chamber 7 . In this embodiment, four main combustion nozzles 9 are provided.

In this embodiment, the main gasification pipe 4 is in the shape of a coil, which effectively lengthens the length of the main gasification pipe 4 , can promote the gasification of the biological liquid fuel, and promote the full combustion of the fuel.

In this embodiment, both the main oil supply pipe 17 and the auxiliary oil supply pipe 16 are provided with a flow regulating valve 12. The flow regulating valve 12 is mainly used to adjust the oil supply pressure and oil supply volume, and stabilize the combustion effect. The flame size needs to be adjusted.

Concrete combustion method of the present invention is as follows:

Mix the biological liquid fuel and oxygen at a mass ratio of 1:2, turn on the switch 13, adjust the flow regulating valve 12 on the oil supply pipe 10 to keep the supply pressure of the biological liquid fuel at 2-8kg/m ² The oil pipe 11 returns to the oil supply pipe 10 . At the same time, the flow regulating valve 12 on the auxiliary fuel supply pipe 16 is opened, so that the fuel flows into the gasification chamber 3 . After the fuel flows out from the secondary nozzle 6 through the secondary gasification pipe 5, it is ignited by the pulse ignition device 14, and the pulse ignition device 14 generates sparks and ignites the fuel. The fuel is ejected from the sub-nozzle 6 for combustion, and the temperature can reach over 1200°C within a few seconds during combustion. The heat of combustion makes the temperature of the fuel in the gasification chamber 3 rise and gasify rapidly. At this time, open the main oil supply pipe 17 The flow regulating valve 12 of the main gasification pipe 4 makes the fuel flow into the main gasification pipe 4, and the combustion flame ejected from the secondary nozzle 6 passes through the main gasification pipe 4 so that the fuel in the main gasification pipe 4 is gasified rapidly, and the gasified fuel is burned from the main gasification pipe 4. Nozzle 9 ejects and is ignited to burn.

In the present invention, since the biological liquid fuel is mixed with oxygen, the fuel can be fully burned in an oxygen-poor state, so the present invention does not need to install air blowers such as blowers, and the oxygen-poor combustion environment also greatly increases the combustion efficiency. safety, while greatly improving the combustion rate of bio-liquid fuels.

The fuel biological liquid fuel used in the present invention burns completely, has high heat conversion efficiency, exhausts tail gas mainly of water and carbon dioxide, hardly produces _NOx gas, and is thus clean and environment-friendly. According to the test by the Chinese national authority, the HC value in the exhaust gas is 50 times lower than the limit value, the CO value is 95 times lower than the limit value, the NO value is 550 times lower than the limit value, and the S value is 19 times lower than the limit value. The specific test results are as follows surface:

The combustion system can recover the waste heat of the high-temperature tail gas emitted by combustion, and convert it into fuel preheating, gasification, or increasing the temperature of the intake air, increasing the temperature of the boiler water intake, etc. The specific implementation is based on the composition planning and design of each industrial thermal energy system, which can effectively improve the thermal energy utilization rate of the fuel and contribute to the energy saving cost of the enterprise.

The basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above. Those skilled in the industry should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments. What are described in the above-mentioned embodiments and the description only illustrate the principle of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will also have Variations and improvements are possible, which fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The protection scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (8)

1. A special gasification burner for biological liquid fuel, comprising a burner body and an oil supply system, characterized in that: the burner body is composed of a flame cover, a gasification chamber and a combustion chamber, and the gasification chamber and the combustion chamber Set in the flame hood, the combustion chamber is located at the rear end of the flame hood, the combustion chamber is circular, and its rear end is connected with the pulse ignition device, the gasification chamber is nested outside the combustion chamber, and the auxiliary gasification pipe is arranged in the combustion chamber. One end of the gasification pipe is connected with the gasification chamber, and the other end is connected with the auxiliary nozzle. The main gasification pipe is located at the front end of the gasification chamber, and a gas storage chamber is installed around the inner wall of the flame cover. One end of the pipe is connected to the gas storage chamber; the oil supply system includes an oil supply pipe and an oil return pipe, the oil supply pipe is provided with a switch, the oil return pipe is connected to the oil supply pipe through a flow regulating valve, and the end of the oil supply pipe is connected to the main pipe through a three-way pipe. The oil supply pipe and the auxiliary oil supply pipe, the main oil supply pipe is connected with the main gasification pipe, and the auxiliary oil supply pipe is connected with the gasification chamber. 2. The special gasification burner for biological liquid fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that: said auxiliary nozzles are multi-forked nozzles, and there are at least three auxiliary nozzles arranged in front and back. 3. The special gasification burner for biological liquid fuel according to claim 2, characterized in that: said multi-fork nozzle is provided with at least three nozzles, and the nozzles are evenly distributed in the space. 4. The special gasification burner for biological liquid fuel according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: the main combustion nozzle adopts a single-hole nozzle, and there are at least three main combustion nozzles. 5. The special gasification burner for biological liquid fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that: the main gasification pipe is in the shape of a coil. 6. The special gasification burner for biological liquid fuel according to claim 1, characterized in that: the main oil supply pipe and the auxiliary oil supply pipe are both provided with flow regulating valves. 7. A biological liquid fuel combustion method, characterized in that: the combustion method adopts a special gasification burner for biological liquid fuel, the structure of the burner includes a burner body and an oil supply system, and the burner body It consists of a flame hood, a gasification chamber and a combustion chamber. The gasification chamber and the combustion chamber are set in the flame hood. The combustion chamber is located at the rear end of the flame hood. The combustion chamber is circular. Nested on the outside of the combustion chamber, the combustion chamber is equipped with a secondary gasification pipe, one end of which is connected to the gasification chamber and the other end is connected to the secondary nozzle. The main gasification pipe is located at the front end of the gasification chamber and is installed around the inner wall of the flame cover There is a gas storage chamber, the main combustion nozzle is installed on the gas storage chamber, one end of the main gasification pipe is connected to the gas storage chamber; the oil supply system includes an oil supply pipe and an oil return pipe, a switch is set on the oil supply pipe, and the oil return pipe is adjusted by the flow rate The valve is connected to the oil supply pipe, and the end of the oil supply pipe is connected to the main oil supply pipe and the auxiliary oil supply pipe through a three-way pipe. The main oil supply pipe is connected to the main gasification pipe, and the auxiliary oil supply pipe is connected to the gasification chamber. Both the main oil supply pipe and the auxiliary oil supply pipe are provided with flow regulating valves. The burning steps are as follows: 1) Mix bio-liquid fuel with oxygen or other oxygen-rich molecules at a mass ratio of 1:2--2:3; 2) Turn on the switch, input the mixed fuel to the burner through the oil supply pipe, and at the same time adjust the flow regulating valve on the oil supply pipe to maintain a certain fuel supply pressure, and the excess fuel returns to the oil supply pipe through the oil return pipe, At the same time, open the flow regulating valve on the auxiliary oil supply pipe to make the fuel flow into the gasification chamber; 3) After the fuel flows out from the auxiliary nozzle through the auxiliary gasification tube, it is ignited by the pulse ignition device, which generates sparks and ignites the fuel. The fuel is ejected from the auxiliary nozzle and burns, and the heat generated during combustion heats the gasification chamber. Make the fuel in the gasification chamber gasify; 4) Open the flow regulating valve on the main oil supply pipe so that the fuel flows into the main gasification pipe, and the flame sprayed from the auxiliary nozzle directly heats and vaporizes the fuel entering the main gasification pipe, and the gasified fuel passes through the gas storage chamber , is ejected from the main combustion nozzle for combustion, and the combustion temperature reaches above 1200°C; 5) Adjust the flow regulating valve according to production needs to maintain the continuity and effect of combustion. 8. The biological liquid fuel combustion method according to claim 7, characterized in that: in the step 2), the fuel supply pressure after passing through the flow regulating valve is kept at 2-8kg/m2.