CN102635849A - Special combustor for gasifying biological alcohol-based fuel and combustion method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a special burner for gasifying biological alcohol-based fuel, which comprises a combustion chamber and an oil supply system, wherein the combustion chamber consists of a flame cover with a cyclone plate and a combustion nozzle, the combustion nozzle and a gasification pipe are arranged in the flame cover, one end of the gasification pipe is connected with the combustion nozzle, and the other end of the gasification pipe is connected with the oil supply pipe; an ignition rod and a liquefied gas ignition nozzle are also arranged in the flame hood. The oil supply system comprises an oil supply pipe and an oil return pipe, wherein the oil return pipe is composed of a first-stage oil return pipe and a second-stage oil return pipe, the first-stage oil return pipe is connected with the oil supply pipe, one end of the second-stage oil return pipe is connected with the oil supply pipe through a flow regulating valve, and the other end of the second-stage oil return pipe is connected with the first-stageThe tubes are connected. The combustor provided by the invention takes the biological alcohol-based fuel as the fuel, has the characteristics of high burnout rate, high heat conversion efficiency and the like, and the waste gas discharged by combustion is mainly CO₂And H₂O, no NOx gas is generated, no smoke and dust exist, and all indexes can reach the relevant standards of clean energy.

Description

A special burner for bioalcohol-based fuel gasification and its combustion method

technical field

The invention relates to a biomass combustion device and a combustion method, in particular to a bioalcohol-based fuel gasification special burner with complete combustion, the highest heat conversion efficiency, and exhaust gas of water and carbon dioxide and a combustion method thereof.

Background technique

With the development of technology and the enhancement of people's awareness of environmental protection, people no longer directly burn biomass straws to obtain heat energy, but convert biomass straws into gas, and obtain heat through the combustion of gas, which can efficiently use heat and Solve the problem of air pollution, meet the requirements of environmental protection, regenerate energy, and turn waste into treasure. However, the burners currently used in conjunction with straw gas production have problems such as incomplete burning of tar, blocked pipes, blocked burners, weak firepower, fire failure and ceasefire, polluted air, and inconvenient use.

At the same time, with the rise of new biofuels, the burners used in conjunction with them are also a high-efficiency, low-pollution and clean combustion technology developed in the past ten years. These burners have the advantages of high combustion efficiency, low emission concentration of harmful gases in flue gas, large load adjustment range, and comprehensive utilization of ash and residue. Under the increasingly severe energy shortage and environmental protection requirements, they have been rapidly popularized at home and abroad. Development, and has been commercialized, is developing towards large-scale. These burners have significant advantages that ordinary boilers do not have, including: high thermal efficiency, stable operation, simple operation, wide fuel adaptability, strong adaptability to coal supply market fluctuations, low pollutant emissions, and high combustion intensity High, small furnace cross-sectional area, etc.

However, this kind of biomass burner still has some shortcomings: high material consumption, low gas production, low calorific value of the gas produced, and unsatisfactory energy-saving effect; the burner takes a long time to start each time; Poor stability, low thermal efficiency, high smoke emission concentration and other problems.

At present, people have developed a variety of biomass combustion utilization methods, but due to the high volatile content of biomass, coke combustion and volatile combustion are not synchronized, the degree of burnout is poor, and black smoke is serious, which restricts the promotion of biomass combustion technology. And applications, and biomass contains more nitrogen, and a large amount of pollutant NOx will be generated during combustion, so it still has a lot of pollution to the environment.

Bio-alcohol-based fuel is a safe and economical fuel that is non-toxic, has no residual liquid, no smoke, no harmful exhaust gas, and no fouling. Bioalcohol-based fuels are green and environmentally friendly energy—compared with coal, coal tar, heavy oil, diesel, and gasoline, bioalcohol-based fuels have the most complete combustion, the highest heat conversion efficiency, and the emissions are mainly water and carbon dioxide, which is the cleanest in the future , the most environmentally friendly and the most promising fuel. Bioalcohol-based fuel has obvious economic comparability—compared with liquefied petroleum gas, diesel and kerosene, its high thermal efficiency is its best feature. However, it is technically difficult. Synthesizing a fuel comparable to gasoline and diesel requires more in-depth technical research and practice. Currently, there are very few people who have mastered this technology, and there is currently no dedicated burner for bio-alcohol-based fuels.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a bioalcohol-based fuel with high burnout rate, high heat conversion efficiency, no emission of NOx gas and no smoke emission, and the exhaust gas emitted is mainly CO ₂ and H ₂ O. A special burner for fuel gasification, that is, a special burner for bioalcohol-based fuel gasification and a combustion method.

A special burner for bioalcohol-based fuel gasification, characterized in that it includes a combustion chamber, the combustion chamber is composed of a flame cover with a cyclone plate and a combustion nozzle; a combustion nozzle and a gasification pipe are installed in the flame cover, and the gasification One end of the tube is connected to the combustion nozzle, and the other end is connected to the oil supply pipe; an ignition rod and a liquefied gas ignition nozzle are also installed in the flame cover, and the liquefied gas ignition nozzle is connected to the liquefied petroleum gas cylinder through the liquefied gas pipeline; the burner is also Including the oil supply system, the oil supply system includes the oil supply pipe and the oil return pipe, the oil return pipe is composed of the primary oil return pipe and the secondary oil return pipe, the primary oil return pipe is connected with the oil supply pipe, and one end of the secondary oil return pipe passes through the flow regulating valve It is connected with the oil supply pipe, and the other end is connected with the primary oil return pipe.

The liquefied gas pipeline is equipped with a pressure gauge for detecting pressure, a solenoid valve and a pressure reducing valve for adjusting the pressure. Through the combination of the pressure gauge, solenoid valve and pressure reducing valve, the flame of the liquefied gas ignition nozzle can be effectively controlled. size.

As a further improvement of the present invention, a flame observation system is also provided in the flame cover. The flame observation system includes an electric eye and a flame observation port. The electric eye is used to judge whether the fuel is burning normally and to control the safe operation of the combustion chamber.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the combustion nozzle adopts a multi-hole nozzle, which can improve the one-time burnout rate of the fuel according to the characteristics of the fuel, and can more effectively utilize the calorific value of the fuel.

As a further improvement of the present invention, a heater is installed on the oil supply pipe between the flow regulating valve and the gasification pipe, and the heater is mainly used to increase the initial temperature of the fuel and increase the gasification effect of the gasification device in the latter stage. Make combustion more complete.

As a further improvement of the present invention, the heater is provided with an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe, both of which are in communication with the oil supply pipe, and the oil supply pipe between the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe is equipped with a manual regulating valve.

The primary oil return pipe is used to adjust the fuel supply pressure.

The secondary oil return pipe is used to adjust the amount of fuel burned.

A filter valve is installed on the oil supply pipe, and an oil supply pump and a pressure gauge are installed between the filter valve and the flow regulating valve. burning effect.

A solenoid valve and a thermometer are also installed on the fuel supply pipe. The solenoid valve is used to control the supply pressure of the fuel entering the combustion nozzle to stabilize the combustion effect. The thermometer is used to monitor the temperature of the fuel heated by the heater.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a bioalcohol-based fuel combustion method.

Bioalcohol-based fuel combustion method provided by the invention, its combustion steps are as follows:

1) Mix bioalcohol-based fuel with oxygen or other oxygen-rich molecules at a ratio of 6:1-8:1;

2) Turn on the fuel supply pump, input the mixed fuel to the heater through the fuel supply pipe, and at the same time adjust the flow regulating valve, manual control valve and solenoid valve on the fuel supply pipe respectively, as well as the solenoid valve and the secondary oil return pipe on the first stage. The constant pressure valve on the stage return pipe keeps the fuel supply pressure at 0.5~0.7Mpa;

3) Turn on the liquefied gas, ignite it through the ignition rod, and the heat generated by the burning liquefied gas heats the gasification tube, so that the fuel in the gasification tube is gasified, and the gasification temperature is about 150~200 °C;

4) After the liquefied gas is ignited, the gaseous and liquid fuels sprayed through the porous nozzle will burn, and the combustion temperature will reach 1200~1500°C;

5) Turn off the liquefied petroleum gas, adjust each valve assembly according to the combustion situation, and maintain the continuity of combustion and the combustion effect.

The temperature of the fuel after being heated by the heater in the step 2) is controlled at 90-100°C

The present invention has the following advantages:

1. A heater is installed on the oil supply pipe, which can increase the temperature of the fuel, help to improve the gasification effect, make the combustion more complete, improve the one-time burnout rate of the fuel, and make more effective use of the calorific value of the fuel .

2. The oil supply pipe is equipped with a flow regulating valve, two oil return pipes, a temperature gauge, a pressure gauge and other valve components, so that the fuel required for combustion can be effectively and stably provided, and the conversion efficiency of heat energy can be effectively improved, and through Various control points can realize automatic control of all actions, which greatly improves the safety and operability of the system.

3. The burner provided by the present invention uses bio-alcohol-based fuel as fuel, which has the characteristics of high burnout rate and high heat conversion efficiency. The exhaust gas emitted by combustion is mainly CO ₂ and H ₂ O, and no NOx gas is produced, and there is no smoke. All indicators can meet the relevant standards of clean energy.

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing 1 is the structure diagram of embodiment 1 of the special burner of the present invention.

Accompanying drawing 2 is the structure diagram of embodiment 2 of the special burner of the present invention.

Accompanying drawing 3 is the improved structure diagram of the combustion chamber described in embodiment 2.

In the figure, 1- flame cover, 2- cyclone plate, 3- ignition rod, 4- combustion nozzle, 5- ignition nozzle, 6- gasification pipe, 7- solenoid valve, 8- pressure valve, 9- temperature instrument, 10 -Manual control valve, 11-flow regulating valve, 12-constant pressure valve, 13-oil supply pump, 14-filter valve, 15-pressure reducing valve, 16-heater, 17-liquefied gas cylinder, 18-oil supply pipe, 19-first-level oil return pipe, 20-secondary oil return pipe, 21-flame observation port, 22-electric eye, 23-air inlet.

Detailed ways

A kind of bioalcohol-based fuel gasification special burner and combustion method of the present invention will be further described in conjunction with the examples below:

Example 1:

Mix the bioalcohol-based fuel and oxygen at a ratio of 6:1, turn on the fuel supply pump 13, input the mixed fuel to the heater 16 through the filter valve 14 on the fuel supply pipe 18, and control the heating of the fuel through the thermometer 9 temperature, so that the temperature of the fuel heated by the heater 16 is controlled at 95°C, and at the same time, the flow regulating valve 11 on the oil supply pipe 18, the manual control valve 10 and the solenoid valve 7, and the constant pressure on the first-stage oil return pipe 19 are respectively adjusted. The solenoid valve 7 on the valve 12, the secondary oil return pipe 20, and the pressure valve 8 keep the fuel supply pressure at 0.6Mpa. Open the liquefied gas cylinder 17, adjust the pressure of the liquefied gas ejection through the pressure reducing valve 15, ignite the ignition rod 3, and heat the gasification pipe 6 with the heat generated by the combustion of the liquefied gas ejected from the ignition nozzle 5 of the liquefied gas, so that The fuel in the gasification tube 6 is gasified, and the gasification temperature reaches 100-120°C. After the liquefied gas is ignited, the gaseous and liquid fuels sprayed through the combustion nozzle 4 will burn, and the combustion temperature will reach 1200~1500°C.

In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, one end of the gasification pipe 6 is connected to the combustion nozzle 4, and the other end is connected to the oil supply pipe 18; At the rear end, the heat of combustion of liquefied gas or bio-alcohol-based fuel is used to increase the temperature of the fuel so as to achieve gasification, which can save the power consumption of the heater 16 in the front stage. The ignition rod 3 and the ignition nozzle 5 of the liquefied gas are also installed in the flame cover 1, and the ignition nozzle 5 of the liquefied gas is connected with the liquefied petroleum gas cylinder 17 through the liquefied gas pipeline.

The mixture of bioalcohol-based fuel and oxygen enters the gasification pipe 6 through the oil supply pipe 18, and is rapidly gasified under the action of heat in the combustion chamber, and the precipitated volatile matter is ejected from the combustion nozzle 4 for combustion. Since the bioalcohol-based fuel is mixed with oxygen, the combustion rate of the bioalcohol-based fuel will be greatly improved. In the present invention, the combustion nozzle 4 adopts a porous nozzle, which can improve the one-time burnout rate of the fuel according to the characteristics of the fuel, and can more effectively utilize the calorific value of the fuel. The flame cover 1 is also provided with a whirlwind plate 2, and the main function of the whirlwind plate 2 is to expand the diameter of the burning flame and promote the full combustion of fuel.

The fuel bio-alcohol-based fuel used in the invention burns completely, has the highest heat conversion efficiency, emits mainly water and carbon dioxide, does not produce NOx gas, and is therefore clean and environmentally friendly.

Example 2:

Mix the bioalcohol-based fuel and oxygen in a ratio of 7:1, turn on the fuel supply pump 13, input the mixed fuel to the heater 16 through the filter valve 14 on the fuel supply pipe 18, and control the heating of the fuel through the thermometer 9 temperature, so that the temperature of the fuel after being heated by the heater 16 is controlled at 100°C. At the same time, the flow regulating valve 11, the manual control valve 10 and the solenoid valve 7 on the fuel supply pipe 18 are adjusted respectively, and the constant pressure on the first-stage oil return pipe 19 is adjusted. The pressure valve 12 and the electromagnetic valve 7 on the secondary oil return pipe 20, and the pressure valve 8 keeps the fuel supply pressure at 0.7Mpa. Open the liquefied gas cylinder 17, adjust the pressure of the liquefied gas ejection through the pressure reducing valve 15, ignite the ignition rod 3, and heat the gasification pipe 6 with the heat generated by the combustion of the liquefied gas ejected from the liquefied gas ignition nozzle 5, so that the gas The fuel in the gasification tube 6 is gasified, and the gasification temperature reaches 100-120°C. After the liquefied gas is ignited, the gaseous and liquid fuels sprayed through the combustion nozzle 4 will be combusted, and the combustion temperature will reach 1200~1500°C.

In this embodiment, as shown in Figure 2, one end of the gasification pipe 6 is connected to the combustion nozzle 4, and the other end is connected to the oil supply pipe 18; At the front end, the burning flame ejected from the combustion nozzle 4 directly heats the gasification tube 6, so that the gasification temperature reaches above 150°C, which improves the gasification efficiency and further saves the power consumption of the front-stage heating device.

As a further improvement of the present invention, a flame observation system is provided in the flame cover 1 as shown in Figure 3, and the flame observation system includes an electric eye 22 and a flame observation port 21, and the electric eye 22 is used to judge whether the fuel is burning normally, and to control the safe operation of the combustion chamber , the flame observation port 21 can observe the diameter and the color of the flame, and is used to judge the combustion situation. The lower end of the flame observation port 21 is provided with an air inlet 23, which is conducive to the entry of oxygen and promotes the full combustion of fuel.

Since the fuel in this system is directly sprayed out through the combustion nozzle after gasification, the gasification temperature reaches above 150°C; the fuel supply pressure is determined according to the different conditions of each industrial furnace, and the combustion pressure range is 0.2~0.7Mpa. The combustion temperature in the combustion chamber is above 1200°C, fully meeting the needs of various industrial burners.

The burner can recover the waste heat of the high-temperature tail gas emitted by combustion, and convert it into fuel preheating, gasification, or increasing the temperature of the intake air, increasing the temperature of the boiler inlet water, etc. The specific implementation is based on the composition planning and design of each industrial thermal energy system, which can effectively improve the thermal energy utilization rate of the fuel and contribute to the energy saving cost of the enterprise.

Claims (9)

1. biological alcohol-group fuel gasification burner special, it is characterized in that: comprise the combustion chamber, described combustion chamber is made up of the flame cover and the burner noz(zle) of band cyclone plate; Burner noz(zle) and vapor lamp are installed in the flame cover, and vapor lamp one end links to each other with burner noz(zle), and the other end is connected with fuel feed pump; Fire rod and liquefied gas ignition burner also are installed in the flame cover, and the liquefied gas ignition burner is connected with LP gas cylinder through liquefied gas pipeline;

Described burner also comprises oil supply system; Said oil supply system comprises fuel feed pump and oil return pipe; Oil return pipe is made up of one-level oil return pipe and secondary oil return pipe; The one-level oil return pipe is connected with fuel feed pump, and secondary oil return pipe one end links to each other with fuel feed pump through flow control valve, and the other end links to each other with the one-level oil return pipe.

2. biological alcohol-group fuel gasification burner special according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described burner noz(zle) adopts the porous type nozzle.

3. biological alcohol-group fuel gasification burner special according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described vapor lamp is installed on the flame cover, is positioned at the rear end of burner noz(zle).

4. biological alcohol-group fuel gasification burner special according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described vapor lamp is installed on the flame cover, is positioned at the front end of burner noz(zle).

5. biological alcohol-group fuel gasification burner special according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: be provided with the flame observing system in the described flame cover, the flame observing system comprises electric eye and flame observation panel combustion chamber.

6. biological alcohol-group fuel gasification burner special according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the Pressure gauge that is used for detected pressures is installed on the described liquefied gas pipeline and is used to regulate the magnetic valve and the pressure-reducing valve of pressure.

7. biological alcohol-group fuel gasification burner special according to claim 1 is characterized in that: on the fuel feed pump between described flow control valve and the vapor lamp heater is installed.

8. biological alcohol-group fuel gasification burner special according to claim 1 is characterized in that: on the described fuel feed pump strainer valve is installed, oil feed pump and Pressure gauge are installed between strainer valve and the flow control valve, oil feed pump, Pressure gauge.

A kind of biological alcohol-group fuel combustion method, it is characterized in that: combustion step is following:

1) biological alcohol-group fuel and oxygen or other oxygen enrichment molecules mixed of pressing 6:1-8:1;

2) open oil feed pump; Mixed fuel is input to heater through fuel feed pump; Regulate flow control valve, manual control valve and magnetic valve on the fuel feed pump simultaneously respectively; And the constant pressure valve on magnetic valve on the one-level oil return pipe and the secondary oil return pipe, make fuel-supplying pressure remain on 0.5 ~ 0.7Mpa;

3) open liquefied gas, the regulator solution gasification is through the fire rod igniting.The heat that the liquefied gas of burning produces heats vapor lamp, makes that the fuel in the vapor lamp carries out gasification process, and gasification temperature is 150 ~ 200 ℃;

4) cause after liquefied gas is lighted that ignition temperature reaches 1200 ~ 1500 ℃ through the burning of gaseous state with the fuel of liquid state of jet rose ejection;

5) close liquefied gas,, keep the continuation and the combustion efficiency of burning according to each valve member of combustion case adjustment.

9. biological alcohol-group fuel combustion method according to claim 7 is characterized in that: described step 2) temperature of heater thermal afterburning material is 90-100 ℃.

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