CN102652763A - Traditional Chinese medicine preparation for treating burn and scald and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Traditional Chinese medicine preparation for treating burn and scald and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
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- 208000032544 Cicatrix Diseases 0.000 abstract 1
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- CPYIZQLXMGRKSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3].[Zn+2] CPYIZQLXMGRKSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 76
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- QGMRQYFBGABWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Pentobarbital sodium Chemical compound [Na+].CCCC(C)C1(CC)C(=O)NC(=O)[N-]C1=O QGMRQYFBGABWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a traditional Chinese medicine preparation for treating burn and scald and a preparation method thereof. The traditional Chinese medicine preparation of the invention comprises the following components: 80-120 parts by weight of calcined calamine, 80-120 parts by weight of calcined plaster, 80-120 parts by weight of calcined nacre mother, 40-60 parts by weight of dried alum, 15-30 parts by weight of processed frankincense, and 15-30 parts by weight of stir-fried myrrh. The traditional Chinese medicine preparation for treating burn and scald of the invention has the characteristics of rapid decrustation, wound swelling elimination, no residual scars, and the like during burn and scald treatment, and has extremely high medical medicinal value for burn and scald treatment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Chinese medicine preparation, relate in particular to a kind of Chinese medicine preparation that is used to treat burn and scald and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Burning, scalding is a kind of because the traumatic disease of a kind of complicacy that many factors such as physics, chemistry, reflected ray cause.Burn, scald not only can cause rapid pain to the patient; And the wound surface of its generation very easily causes bacterial infection; And bring the variation of a series of physiology, pathology and cause serious consequence to the patient; Exosmose, skin deformation, leave over cicatrix like body fluid, more serious meeting causes fever, shock, even entail dangers to life.Therefore, burn, scald are the acute illnesss of serious harm health.
At present, clinical medicine burn, treatment of scald method are mainly, and a kind of is with Western medicine antibiotic, infrared emission sterilizing methods; Another kind is a wound surface dryness medical skill, keeps the dry incrustation of wound surface in many ways.But most being prone to of said method infects, and increase the weight of the degree of depth of wound surface, and healing time is long, stays cicatrix easily after healing, and the patient suffering is bigger.In therapeutic process, decrustation speed and therapeutic effect after the wound surface incrustation are closely bound up for burn, scald, have only the quick decrustation of wound surface just can promote healing, protect from infection, and alleviate patient's misery.But the burn and scald preparation of conventional can't reach good therapeutic effect.
Patent CN1850203A discloses a kind of Chinese medicine preparation and ointment that is used to treat burn and scald, and with Pseudobulbus Bletillae (Rhizoma Bletillae), Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Caulis Lonicerae, Cortex Phellodendri, Fructus Forsythiae, mixing Borneolum Syntheticum, Cera Flava and Oleum sesami is major ingredients, is used to treat burn and scald; The and for example disclosed a kind of Chinese medicine externally used combined formulations of treating burn of patent CN101342316A, and the disclosed a kind of Chinese patent medicine of treating burn and scald of patent CN101342316A etc. also all provide different pharmaceutical formulations to be used to treat empyrosis.Adopt above-mentioned patented technology to process the preparation of treatment burn and scald, though for the healing of wound certain effect is arranged, the decrustation of wound surface, antiinflammatory and analgesic effect are not desirable especially, and the healing back forms cicatrix easily.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of Chinese medicine preparation of treating burn and scald and preparation method thereof, its purpose is to overcome the deficiency of the existing preparation that is used to treat burn, scald.The decrustation speed of the wound surface that Chinese medicine preparation of the present invention can effectively increase burn, scald effectively reduces the skin scar after patient's rehabilitation, strengthens the therapeutic effect of burn and scald.
The present invention treats Chinese medicine preparation of burn and scald and preparation method thereof and realizes its purpose through following technical scheme:
A kind of treatment burn and scald Chinese medicine preparation, wherein, said Chinese medicine preparation component comprises: Calamina (calcined and quenched), Gypsum Fibrosum Preparatum, calcined Concha Margaritifera, dried Alumen, Olibanum (processed) and Myrrha (parched).
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of above-mentioned treatment burn and scald Chinese medicine preparation, wherein, comprise following weight proportion component:
Calamina (calcined and quenched) 80～120 weight portions;
Gypsum Fibrosum Preparatum 80～120 weight portions;
Calcined Concha Margaritifera 80～120 weight portions;
Dried Alumen 40～60 weight portions;
Olibanum (processed) 15～30 weight portions;
Myrrha (parched) 15～30 weight portions.
According to the further preferred embodiment of above-mentioned treatment burn and scald Chinese medicine preparation, wherein, said composition weight proportioning is:
Calamina (calcined and quenched) 90～110 weight portions;
Gypsum Fibrosum Preparatum 90～110 weight portions;
Calcined Concha Margaritifera 90～110 weight portions;
Dried Alumen 45～55 weight portions;
Olibanum (processed) 15～25 weight portions;
Myrrha (parched) 15～25 weight portions.
Above-mentioned treatment burn and scald Chinese medicine preparation, wherein, said Chinese medicine preparation is an ointment.
Above-mentioned treatment burn and scald Chinese medicine preparation, wherein, the component of said Chinese medicine preparation also comprises Borneolum Syntheticum.
Above-mentioned treatment burn and scald Chinese medicine preparation, wherein, said Chinese medicine preparation also comprises the greasing base adjuvant.
Above-mentioned treatment burn and scald Chinese medicine preparation, wherein, said greasing base adjuvant comprises one or more the mixture in lanoline, vaseline, the Cera Flava.
The method for preparing of treatment burn and scald Chinese medicine preparation according to the invention, step is following:
With Calamina (calcined and quenched), Gypsum Fibrosum Preparatum, calcined Concha Margaritifera, dried Alumen, Olibanum (processed), Myrrha (parched) powder by weight ratio: mix 80～120:80～120:80～120:40～60:15～30:15～30; And, stir in the greasing base adjuvant after the above-mentioned medical material component mixture adding fusion; The mixture that makes is cooled to 50～70 ℃, adds Borneolum Syntheticum, and mixture is continued to stir, obtain mother's salve shape product; With the ointment shape product cooling that makes, packing.
Above-mentioned described Chinese medicine preparation and preparation method thereof, wherein, the Calamina (calcined and quenched) that is adopted, Gypsum Fibrosum Preparatum, calcined Concha Margaritifera, dried Alumen, Olibanum (processed), Myrrha (parched) are fine-powdered.
Above-mentioned described Chinese medicine preparation and preparation method thereof, wherein, the said Calamina (calcined and quenched) that is adopted, Gypsum Fibrosum Preparatum, calcined Concha Margaritifera, dried Alumen, Olibanum (processed), Myrrha (parched) are 100 order fine-powdered.
Adopt the present invention to treat Chinese medicine preparation of burn and scald and preparation method thereof, its benefit is:
1. the present invention's Chinese medicine preparation of treating burn and scald is compared with the preparation of treatment burn and scald commonly used, and burn, scald wound decrustation are obviously faster, wound healing is rapider, and wound surface is difficult for staying cicatrix.
2. the present invention treats the Chinese medicine preparation of burn and scald, also has regulating qi and activating blood, the blood that looses goes to become silted up, the effect of subduing swelling and relieving pain, thereby for eliminating burn and scald tissue edema on every side better curative effect is arranged.
The specific embodiment
The invention provides a kind of treatment burn and scald Chinese medicine preparation, is the main Chinese medicinal materials composition with Calamina (calcined and quenched), Gypsum Fibrosum Preparatum, calcined Concha Margaritifera, dried Alumen, Olibanum (processed) and Myrrha (parched).Described Calamina (calcined and quenched), Gypsum Fibrosum Preparatum, calcined Concha Margaritifera, dried Alumen, Olibanum (processed) and Myrrha (parched) are ground into fine-powdered, preferred 100 order fine-powdered granules.By weight ratio, the raw medicinal material set of dispense of above-mentioned treatment burn and scald Chinese medicine preparation is than being Calamina (calcined and quenched) powder 80～120 weight portions; Gypsum Fibrosum powder (calcined) 80～120 weight portions; Calcined Concha Margaritifera powder 80～120 weight portions; Alumen powder 40～60 weight portions; Olibanum (processed) powder 15～30 weight portions; Myrrha (parched) powder 15～30 weight portions.Wherein, optimum ratio is 90～110 weight portions for the Calamina (calcined and quenched) powder, and Gypsum Fibrosum powder (calcined) is 90～110 weight portions, and the calcined Concha Margaritifera powder is 90～110 weight portions, and alumen powder is 45～55 weight portions, and the Olibanum (processed) powder is 15～25 weight portions, and the Myrrha (parched) powder is 15～25 weight portions.
Except the medical material component of above-mentioned Chinese medicine, the present invention treats the burn and scald Chinese medicine preparation can also comprise greasing base adjuvant and Borneolum Syntheticum.Said greasing base adjuvant comprises one or more the mixture in lanoline, vaseline, the Cera Flava.
The present invention also provides a kind of method for preparing of treating the burn and scald Chinese medicine preparation; It may further comprise the steps: with Calamina (calcined and quenched), Gypsum Fibrosum Preparatum, calcined Concha Margaritifera, dried Alumen, Olibanum (processed), Myrrha (parched) powder by weight ratio earlier: mix 80～120:80～120:80～120:40～60:15～30:15～30; And above-mentioned medical material component mixture joined in the greasing base adjuvant after the fusion, stir; After mixture to be made is cooled to 50～70 ℃, in mixture, add Borneolum Syntheticum again, and mixture is continued to stir, obtain mother's salve shape product; The ointment shape product cooling that makes the most at last, packing.
The Chinese medicine preparation that is prepared into is estimated according to test method and standards of grading in " chemicals zest, anaphylaxis and hemolytic investigative technique guideline ", and testing result finds that the present invention treats the burn and scald Chinese medicine preparation does not have skin irritation.
Through specific embodiment, further sets forth in detail the present invention treats Chinese medicine preparation of burn and scald and preparation method thereof and beneficial effect below, but content of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment:
1. medicament preparation:
Embodiment 1: Calamina (calcined and quenched), Gypsum Fibrosum Preparatum, calcined Concha Margaritifera, dried Alumen, Olibanum (processed), Myrrha (parched) are ground into 100 order fine powders, and take by weighing Calamina (calcined and quenched) powder 100g, Gypsum Fibrosum powder (calcined) 100g, calcined Concha Margaritifera powder 100g, alumen powder 50g, Olibanum (processed) powder 20g, Myrrha (parched) powder 20g respectively.
Molten state greasing base adjuvant preparation: adjuvant lanoline, vaseline, Cera Flava heating and melting are become oily.
Load weighted medical material fine powder is added in the above-mentioned molten state greasing base adjuvant, and stir.
Thing to be mixed is cooled to 50～70 ℃, adds Borneolum Syntheticum, makes Borneolum Syntheticum be dissolved in the above-mentioned mixture of processing, and continues to stir, and obtains mother's salve, cooling, and packing obtains ointment.
The above-mentioned medicine of processing is through check, and it meets " Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China (2005 editions) " ointment project relevant requirements; Wherein, through measuring, the zinc oxide average content in the treatment burn and scald Chinese medicine preparation that the present invention processes is about 18.8%.
Embodiment 2:
Calamina (calcined and quenched) powder 110g, Gypsum Fibrosum powder (calcined) 105g, calcined Concha Margaritifera powder 110g, alumen powder 50g, Olibanum (processed) powder 25g, Myrrha (parched) powder 30g.
Method with reference to embodiment 1 is processed Chinese medicine preparation such as ointment.
Embodiment 3:
Calamina (calcined and quenched) powder 115g, Gypsum Fibrosum powder (calcined) 115g, calcined Concha Margaritifera powder 115g, alumen powder 40g, Olibanum (processed) powder 30g, Myrrha (parched) powder 30g.
Method with reference to embodiment 1 is processed Chinese medicine preparation such as ointment.
Embodiment 4:
Calamina (calcined and quenched) powder 110g, Gypsum Fibrosum powder (calcined) 110g, calcined Concha Margaritifera powder 110g, alumen powder 55g, Olibanum (processed) powder 25g, Myrrha (parched) powder 25g.
Method with reference to embodiment 1 is processed Chinese medicine preparation such as ointment.
Embodiment 5:
Calamina (calcined and quenched) powder 105g, Gypsum Fibrosum powder (calcined) 105g, calcined Concha Margaritifera powder 105g, alumen powder 50g, Olibanum (processed) powder 25g, Myrrha (parched) powder 25g.
Method with reference to embodiment 1 is processed Chinese medicine preparation such as ointment.
Embodiment 6:
Calamina (calcined and quenched) powder 100g, Gypsum Fibrosum powder (calcined) 100g, calcined Concha Margaritifera powder 100g, alumen powder 50g, Olibanum (processed) powder 20g, Myrrha (parched) powder 15g.
Method with reference to embodiment 1 is processed Chinese medicine preparation such as ointment.
Embodiment 7:
Calamina (calcined and quenched) powder 105g, Gypsum Fibrosum powder (calcined) 100g, calcined Concha Margaritifera powder 95g, alumen powder 45g, Olibanum (processed) powder 20g, Myrrha (parched) powder 25g.
Method with reference to embodiment 1 is processed Chinese medicine preparation such as ointment.
Embodiment 8:
Calamina (calcined and quenched) powder 95g, Gypsum Fibrosum powder (calcined) 95g, calcined Concha Margaritifera powder 95g, alumen powder 45g, Olibanum (processed) powder 20g, Myrrha (parched) powder 20g.
Method with reference to embodiment 1 is processed Chinese medicine preparation such as ointment.
Embodiment 9:
Calamina (calcined and quenched) powder 85g, Gypsum Fibrosum powder (calcined) 85g, calcined Concha Margaritifera powder 85g, alumen powder 60g, Olibanum (processed) powder 25g, Myrrha (parched) powder 25g.
Method with reference to embodiment 1 is processed Chinese medicine preparation such as ointment.
Embodiment 10:
Calamina (calcined and quenched) powder 100g, Gypsum Fibrosum powder (calcined) 95g, calcined Concha Margaritifera powder 80g, alumen powder 40g, Olibanum (processed) powder 30g, Myrrha (parched) powder 15g.
Method with reference to embodiment 1 is processed Chinese medicine preparation such as ointment.
2. pharmacodynamic experiment:
(1) burn and scald model: choose 30 SD rats, after adopting 1% pentobarbital sodium (30mg/kg) intraperitoneal injection of anesthesia, back wool is taken off, and in 80 ℃ of water-baths, scald 8s, form the circular zone of scalding of dark II degree of diameter 3cm at the SD rat back.
(2) therapeutic modality: divide three groups with above-mentioned 30 SD rats, 10 every group, the medicine-feeding back is with gauze wrapping and sub-cage rearing, wherein:
Embodiment: i.e. administration group: adopt the present invention to treat the burn and scald Chinese medicine preparation;
Comparative Examples:
1) matched group: adopt SD-Ag ointment (full name Agent SD-Ag-Zn, Chinese: compound sulfadiazine silver SD-Ag ointment);
2) blank control group: be left intact.
Administration frequency: 1 time/day;
Administration time: 4 weeks.
(3) observation index:
1) wound healing percentage rate=[wound surface area before (wound surface area after the preceding wound surface area-administration of administration)/administration] * 100%;
2) wound surface area: measure wound surface lengthwise A and grow crosswise the B diameter, calculate according to π * A * B/4;
3) incrustation natural law and decrustation natural law.
3. data analysis:
Annotate: compare with the Comparative Examples group for the embodiment group data value of " the other T of two sample difference in means checks " of P; Wherein,
, s, n are T test variable parameter;
is mean; S is a standard deviation, and n is the test samples number.
Interpretation of result: can know that by the analysis of experimental data in the above-mentioned table 1 (P < 0.01) compared and had significant difference to the administration group that adopts the present invention to treat the burn and scald Chinese medicine preparation with the blank group; Compare with SD-Ag ointment group, do not have significant difference (P>0.05) at the 6th day, other times all have significant difference (P < 0.01).Can find out: for the middle and late stage stage of burn and scald treatment, the present invention treats the burn and scald Chinese medicine preparation and has remarkable advantages, and the healing rate of wound is very fast, and is difficult for staying cicatrix.
Interpretation of result: can know that by the analysis of experimental data in the above-mentioned table 2 (P < 0.01) compared and had significant difference to the administration group that adopts the present invention to treat the burn and scald Chinese medicine preparation with the blank group; Compare with SD-Ag ointment group, the incrustation natural law does not have significant difference (P>0.05), and the decrustation natural law has significant difference (P < 0.01).Can find out: the present invention treats the decrustation that the burn and scald Chinese medicine preparation is obviously accelerated wound, and can eliminate swollen tissue, promotes wound healing.
Simultaneously; The Chinese medicine preparation of the embodiment of the invention 2～10 preparations adopts said method to carry out zoopery; Compare with embodiment 1, healing speed and incrustation and decrustation natural law do not have significant difference, have the effect of the treatment burn and scald identical with embodiment 1 Chinese medicine preparation.
The present invention treats the component that the burn and scald Chinese medicine preparation adopted and has unique property of medicine, and according to " Chinese medicine voluminous dictionary " record, Calamina (calcined and quenched) has convergence, protection, the effect of inhibition aureus growth; Gypsum Fibrosum Preparatum and calcined Concha Margaritifera have promoting tissue regeneration and ulcer healing, hygroscopic effect; Dried Alumen has detoxifcation parasite killing, dampness hemostasia effect; Olibanum (processed) and Myrrha (parched) have regulating qi and activating blood, subduing swelling and relieving pain effect.Above-mentioned medical material is made up with special ratios; And take treatment burn and scald Chinese medicine preparation that specific processing technique processes aspect the treatment burn and scald; Have decrustation fast, eliminate wound surface swelling, be difficult for staying characteristics such as cicatrix; Overcome the deficiency of existing burn and scald preparation, and the present invention treats that the burn and scald Chinese medicine preparation also has regulating qi and activating blood, the blood that looses goes to become silted up, the effect of subduing swelling and relieving pain.In sum, the present invention treat the burn and scald Chinese medicine preparation for the treatment burn and scald have high medical science medical value.
More than specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, but it is just as example, the present invention is not restricted to the specific embodiment of above description.To those skilled in the art, any equivalent modifications that the present invention is carried out with substitute also all among category of the present invention.Therefore, not breaking away from impartial conversion and the modification of being done under the spirit and scope of the present invention, all should contain within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a treatment burn and scald Chinese medicine preparation is characterized in that said Chinese medicine preparation component comprises: Calamina (calcined and quenched), Gypsum Fibrosum Preparatum, calcined Concha Margaritifera, dried Alumen, Olibanum (processed) and Myrrha (parched).
2. treatment burn and scald Chinese medicine preparation according to claim 1 is characterized in that, comprises following weight proportion component:
Calamina (calcined and quenched) 80～120 weight portions;
Gypsum Fibrosum Preparatum 80～120 weight portions;
Calcined Concha Margaritifera 80～120 weight portions;
Dried Alumen 40～60 weight portions;
Olibanum (processed) 15～30 weight portions;
Myrrha (parched) 15～30 weight portions.
3. treatment burn and scald Chinese medicine preparation according to claim 2 is characterized in that, said composition weight proportioning is:
Calamina (calcined and quenched) 90～110 weight portions;
Gypsum Fibrosum Preparatum 90～110 weight portions;
Calcined Concha Margaritifera 90～110 weight portions;
Dried Alumen 45～55 weight portions;
Olibanum (processed) 15～25 weight portions;
Myrrha (parched) 15～25 weight portions.
4. treatment burn and scald Chinese medicine preparation according to claim 1 is characterized in that said Chinese medicine preparation is an ointment.
5. according to the above-mentioned any described treatment burn and scald of claim Chinese medicine preparation, it is characterized in that the component of said Chinese medicine preparation also comprises Borneolum Syntheticum.
6. treatment burn and scald Chinese medicine preparation according to claim 5 is characterized in that said Chinese medicine preparation also comprises the greasing base adjuvant.
7. treatment burn and scald Chinese medicine preparation according to claim 6 is characterized in that, said greasing base adjuvant comprises one or more the mixture in lanoline, vaseline, the Cera Flava.
8. method for preparing of treating the burn and scald Chinese medicine preparation; It is characterized in that; Calamina (calcined and quenched), Gypsum Fibrosum Preparatum, calcined Concha Margaritifera, dried Alumen, Olibanum (processed), Myrrha (parched) are mixed 80～120:80～120:80～120:40～60:15～30:15～30 by weight ratio; And the said components mixture joined in the greasing base adjuvant after the fusion, stir; The mixture that makes is cooled to 50～70 ℃, adds Borneolum Syntheticum, and mixture is continued to stir, obtain mother's salve shape product; With the ointment shape product cooling that makes, packing.
9. the method for preparing of Chinese medicine preparation according to claim 8 is characterized in that, the said Calamina (calcined and quenched) that is adopted, Gypsum Fibrosum Preparatum, calcined Concha Margaritifera, dried Alumen, Olibanum (processed), Myrrha (parched) are fine-powdered.
10. the method for preparing of Chinese medicine preparation according to claim 9 is characterized in that, the said Calamina (calcined and quenched) that is adopted, Gypsum Fibrosum Preparatum, calcined Concha Margaritifera, dried Alumen, Olibanum (processed), Myrrha (parched) are 100 order fine-powdered.
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| CN103007034A (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2013-04-03 | 于凤娜 | Traditional Chinese medicine composition used for treatment of residual second-degree burn wound, and preparation method thereof |
| CN103028044A (en) * | 2012-12-08 | 2013-04-10 | 浙江大学 | Paste for treating burns and scalds |
| CN103432414A (en) * | 2013-09-03 | 2013-12-11 | 周福利 | External medicament for treating burns and preparation method thereof |
| CN104997731A (en) * | 2015-07-21 | 2015-10-28 | 四川省中医药科学院 | Combination and composition-containing aerosol |
| CN105148147A (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2015-12-16 | 覃佳林 | Traditional Chinese medicine for treating wound or bedsore infection and preparation method thereof |
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| CN1444967A (en) * | 2003-04-16 | 2003-10-01 | 吉林敖东延边药业股份有限公司 | Chinese herbal medicine preparation for treating burns |
| CN1709304A (en) * | 2005-02-16 | 2005-12-21 | 夏志刚 | External-application medicine for treating burn and empyrosis |
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| CN1444967A (en) * | 2003-04-16 | 2003-10-01 | 吉林敖东延边药业股份有限公司 | Chinese herbal medicine preparation for treating burns |
| CN1709304A (en) * | 2005-02-16 | 2005-12-21 | 夏志刚 | External-application medicine for treating burn and empyrosis |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103007034A (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2013-04-03 | 于凤娜 | Traditional Chinese medicine composition used for treatment of residual second-degree burn wound, and preparation method thereof |
| CN103007034B (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2014-07-09 | 于凤娜 | Traditional Chinese medicine composition used for treatment of residual second-degree burn wound, and preparation method thereof |
| CN103028044A (en) * | 2012-12-08 | 2013-04-10 | 浙江大学 | Paste for treating burns and scalds |
| CN103028044B (en) * | 2012-12-08 | 2014-07-16 | 浙江大学 | Paste for treating burns and scalds |
| CN103432414A (en) * | 2013-09-03 | 2013-12-11 | 周福利 | External medicament for treating burns and preparation method thereof |
| CN104997731A (en) * | 2015-07-21 | 2015-10-28 | 四川省中医药科学院 | Combination and composition-containing aerosol |
| CN104997731B (en) * | 2015-07-21 | 2018-11-27 | 四川省中医药科学院 | A kind of composition and the aerosol containing the composition |
| CN105148147A (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2015-12-16 | 覃佳林 | Traditional Chinese medicine for treating wound or bedsore infection and preparation method thereof |
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