CN102615087B - Method and equipment for obtaining high-quality solid fuel from solid wastes - Google Patents
Method and equipment for obtaining high-quality solid fuel from solid wastes Download PDFInfo
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- CN102615087B CN102615087B CN201210068326.9A CN201210068326A CN102615087B CN 102615087 B CN102615087 B CN 102615087B CN 201210068326 A CN201210068326 A CN 201210068326A CN 102615087 B CN102615087 B CN 102615087B
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method and equipment for obtaining high-quality solid fuel from solid wastes. The method comprises the following steps of: performing heat treatment on the solid wastes; classifying the solid wastes subjected to the heat treatment into biomass, plastics, metals and non-combustible substances; removing potential harmful substances in the solid wastes; and obtaining the high-quality solid fuel, and recovering or burying other separated substances according to the characteristics of the substances. The solid fuel obtained by the method contains few harmful substances. The equipment is provided with a steam injection port and a stirring device, and is easy to realize and operate.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to refuse garbage disposal field, be specifically related to a kind of solid-fuelled method of high-quality that obtains from solid waste.
Background technology
Solid waste, as MSW (MSW), in clinical waste, the content of plastics and living beings is very high, and its calorific value can be comparable with coal, is potential energy source.Why solid waste is not used as the energy widely, is because (1) solid waste has mixed many kinds of substance, as food waste, muck, plastics, woodwork, metal, yarn fabric, rubber, pottery, glass, dust, stone, inflammable glass or metal etc., and these materials are difficult to separated; (2) solid waste contains moisture, and these moisture are mainly present in food or debirs, thereby has reduced the value of solid waste as the energy; (3) solid waste contains potential harmful substance, and as chloride PVC, when solid waste is used as fuel, chlorine changes into hypertoxic dioxin under certain condition possibly.
First, due to the different chemical the Nomenclature Composition and Structure of Complexes of various living beings and plastics, compounding substances is difficult to change into energy by effective processing.Living beings are polymer of a kind of 5 carbon and 1 oxygen ring, and itself does not contain potential harmful substance, but in thermal cracking processes, very easily produce wood acid or tar.On the other hand, be similar to regular fuel, plastics are comprised of hydrogeneous carbochain, but contain potential harmful substance in some plastics, as chloride PVC.How incinerating hot tearing, how to process waste gas and dust after burning, is different for every kind of material.If the MSW that contains potentially harmful substance (MSW) or clinical waste are used as fuel, and don't damage to the environment, due to himself complexity and the rear noxious material newly producing that exists of burning, the processing of later stage waste gas and dust bothers very much so.
In addition, the many materials in MSW (MSW) are all complicated physics assembling thing or bindings, as damaged toy, and the plastic laminates of chemical adhesion.Many plastic products as plastic laminates are PVC and PP, or PE and PS, the group of PE and aluminium with together with, similar plastics may be recognized and it is opened with other separating substances hardly.
The method of separate substance comprises mechanical separation and manual separation.The mode separate substance that some equipment adopts mechanical disintegration to presort and screen, but be only applicable to separated food waste, and this separation can not generate regenerative resource.Manual separation is to carry out on the ribbon conveyer in material recovery facility, but refuse with bacterium with and the bad smell that gives out make working environment very severe.Especially clinical waste is normally polluted by biological harmful substance.Therefore manual separation is difficult to carry out under the environment of safety.
Therefore, need a kind of with least cost and can in maximum efficiency material be carried out to separated method.
Secondly, the moisture in solid waste is very high, and these moisture mainly come from food and debirs, and this sticks together various materials, is difficult to separated.And when burning and pyrolytic refuse, these high-moistures consume the more energy owing to will being vaporized into water vapour.The more important thing is, the moisture in food waste is present in the cell membrane of biological structure (as vegetables, meat etc.), and outside heating method is difficult to its oven dry.From MSW (MSW), extracting the common method of residual derivatived fuel, MSW (MSW) is dried with the hot vapour of about 600 degree, and this just needs extra energy to heat atmosphere to make it to reach high like this temperature.Directly burn or these refuses that contain high-moisture of pyrolytic, can not produce the high-temperature flue gas of generating use, the conversion ratio of energy is very low.At MSW (MSW), change into the factory of electric energy, normally refuse is directly lost in stove, the energy conversion rate of way is lower than 20%, generally between 10-15% like this.This is that flue gas due to low temperature makes in steam turbine generator energy conversion rate lower.
Therefore, need a kind of easy realization and dry cheaply the method for solid waste.
Again, the harmful substance that some is potential, as chloride PVC can generate hypertoxic dioxin in the process of burning and pyrolytic.Dioxin is considered to be in the environment that metal (such as copper) exists, and under the high temperature of 300 degree to 500, burns or Pintsch process forms.And in solid waste, not only have PVC, also conventionally contain copper product, such as the copper in electric wire or PCB (printed circuit board (PCB)).In order not produce dioxin, before refuse is changed into regenerative resource, the PVC eliminating is wherein a good method.Except PVC, also have a lot of harmful materials, such as the mercury in fluorescent lamp, the heavy metal in colo(u)r-in-oil and battery, containing the ABS plastic of cyanogen, the sulphur in rubber, the fluorine in sprayer etc.
Due to the existence of these harmful substances, at refuse, in the downstream processes of energy conversion, need heavy emission-control equipment to process, and this has increased cost of investment.And processing the dust that contains the noxious material that comprises dioxin, is to bother very much and expensive thing.
In addition, in the process of building and runing these waste reduction and disposal equipments, often suffer protesting strongly of surrounding resident.Eliminating potential harmful substance in solid waste, not only for producing high-quality fuel energy, and is all extremely important for setting up people to the sense of security of waste disposal facilities.
1985, in the U.S. patent documents that Halloway is US0454095 in the patent No., having introduced a kind of was the method for popular known processing solid waste.The method is by solid waste, as MSW (MSW), is being greater than 270 degrees Fahrenheits (132 degrees Celsius), is less than in the steam of 320 degrees Fahrenheits (160 degrees Celsius) and heat-treats, to recombinate or to change the original characteristic of solid waste.
The prior art has disclosed the method for injecting heat solid refuse with steam.Certainly, solid waste is softened in the steam that surpasses 130 degree, can change its characteristic and carry out disinfection.But the prior art does not solve the processing problem of harmful substance in solid waste, such as chloride PVC, the heavy metal in coating and ink pigment etc.If do not eliminate these potential deleterious material and chemical substances, solid waste heating and in regrouping process can generation such as the same harmful chemical substance of dioxin in waste gas or water-soluble heavy metallic salt in dust.
In the Chinese patent that Elley is 01823517.4 at authorized application number, disclose a kind of method of utilizing production of steam to prepare equal quality of biomass and processed MSW (MSW), as waste paper and food waste.Yet the prior art is not paid close attention to the problem of potentially harmful substance in solid waste, not about how eliminating these potential deleterious material and chemical substances, solid waste is converted into the statement of fuel yet.And if do not eliminate these deleterious materials and chemical substance, in solid waste, obtain in the process of fuel and can produce harmful chemical substance, and when using these fuel, can cause serious environmental problem.
Therefore, need a kind of method that eliminate potential deleterious material and chemical substance in solid waste.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of solid-fuelled method of high-quality that obtains from solid waste, the solid fuel being obtained by the method contains small amount harmful substance, and the method can least cost and in maximum efficiency solid waste dried and carry out separation.
Another object of the present invention has been to provide a kind for the treatment of apparatus that solid waste is heat-treated, and this treating apparatus is easy to realize, simple to operate.
In order to reach foregoing invention object, a kind of solid-fuelled method of high-quality that obtains from solid waste that the embodiment of the present invention proposes is achieved through the following technical solutions:
From solid waste, obtain the solid-fuelled method of high-quality, comprise the following steps:
(1) solid waste is heat-treated, put it in a closed processes container, inject hot steam, make temperature in container handling between 130 degree to 150 degree, and solid waste is stirred;
(2) to classifying through heat treated solid waste, be divided into living beings, plastics, metal and nonflammable thing;
(3) eliminate potential harmful substance in solid waste, potential harmful substance is mainly plastics inferior and heavy metal;
(4) obtain high-quality solid fuel, and isolated other materials are reclaimed or bury processing according to its characteristic.
Further preferably, in step (1) temperature in container handling between 130 degree to 140 degree.
Further preferably, in step (1), the waste gas of discharging in solid waste heat treatment process is washed processing.
Further preferably, in step (1), the speed of steam injection is to make the temperature in container handling within every 30 minutes, increase by 10 degree.
Further preferably,, in step (2), comprising:
To, through heat treated solid waste by screening, sieve out living beings and abiotic matter part;
Air-flow method is blown in employing, the plastics of abiotic matter part is blown afloat, to be isolated processing;
Metal through in heat treated solid waste, utilizes magnetic attachment method separating ferrum, utilizes whirlpool separator to isolate aluminium, copper and stainless steel;
Through bulk article such as the woodwork in heat treated solid waste, yarn fabric, batteries, manual separation out;
To part remaining after above-mentioned separation, adopt gravity vibration partition method to carry out separation, be separated into material and the heavier material of weight that weight is lighter, the material that wherein wt is lighter is mainly combustible, and the heavier material of weight is mainly nonflammable thing.
Further preferably, in step (3), adopt the floating partition method of water that lighter material is divided into and swims in part waterborne and sink to water-bed part, wherein swimming in part waterborne is high-quality plastics, sinking to water-bed part is plastics inferior, thereby plastics inferior are separated.
Further preferably, in step (3), heavy metal is present in electrical equipment and battery, in ink pigment or colored plastic, is present in electrical equipment and by magnetic attachment method, carries out separated with eddy current partition method with the heavy metal in battery; Be present in heavy metal in ink pigment or colored plastic and be comprised in living beings part and mix as powder and biomass fiber, utilize fluidized drier to dry living beings part, and be blown in bag filter and filter to carry out separation.
A kind of vertical container handling for solid waste is heat-treated, this vertical container handling is provided with a feeding mouth, one discharging opening, one steam injection mouth and an exhaust outlet, inside at vertical container handling, have a puddler, this puddler is driven by a drive motor, and the lower end of puddler connects a raker stirrer.
Further preferably, the inwall of described vertical container handling is provided with some mixing baffles, establishes irregular paddle on puddler.
A kind of horizontal processing container for solid waste is heat-treated, this horizontal processing container is a rotary container, its one end is provided with an opening, be used for packing into and discharging solid waste, the other end is provided with a rotary contact, for steam injection and combustion gas, at horizontal processing internal tank, along horizontal direction, be provided with some lifting plates, described some lifting plates are arranged in the shape of a spiral, on horizontal processing container, rotary actuator are installed, described rotary actuator is driven by a CD-ROM drive motor, thereby drives horizontal processing container to rotate.
Accompanying drawing explanation
By the description of its exemplary embodiment being carried out below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the above-mentioned feature and advantage of the present invention will become apparent and easily understand.
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart that obtains the solid-fuelled method of high-quality from solid waste of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a kind of schematic diagram for container handling embodiment one that solid waste is heat-treated of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a kind of schematic diagram for container handling embodiment two that solid waste is heat-treated of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of from solid waste, as obtained the solid-fuelled method of high-quality in MSW (MSW) or clinical waste, comprise the following steps:
(1) solid waste is heat-treated, put it in a closed processes container, inject hot steam, make temperature in container handling between 130 degree to 150 degree, and solid waste is stirred;
Preferably, the temperature in container handling is between 130 degree to 140 degree, in such temperature range, by softening and melting zone compression molding material, both can change the original shape of coated plastics, make it to become caking, from laminated plastic, split away off, can keep again original state of base plastic.
The speed of steam injection is less than the speed that the temperature making in container increases by 10 degree for every 10 minutes, preferably, and within every 30 minutes, increasing the speed of 10 degree.
(2) to classifying through heat treated solid waste, be divided into living beings, plastics, metal and nonflammable thing;
(3) eliminate potential harmful substance in solid waste.Potential harmful substance is plastics inferior, as chloride PVC, containing cyanogen ABS, contains sulphur rubber etc., and is present in electrical equipment and battery, the heavy metal in ink pigment or colored plastic.
(4) obtain high-quality solid fuel, and isolated other materials are reclaimed or bury processing according to its characteristic.
Shown in Fig. 2 is the embodiment one of container handling in step (1).As shown in Figure 2, container handling is a vertical container handling 21, and its top is provided with a feeding mouth 25, and bottom is provided with a discharging opening 26, and this feeding mouth 25 and discharging opening 26 all can compacted sealings, and solid waste joins vertical container handling 21 from feeding mouth 25.Vertically container handling 21 is also provided with a steam injection mouth 27 and an exhaust outlet 28., there is a puddler 22 inside at vertical container handling 21, and this puddler 22 is driven by a drive motor 24, and the lower end of puddler 22 connects a raker stirrer 23.
Preferably, in order to strengthen stirring dynamics, also establish irregular paddle 31 on puddler 22, paddle 31 can be the shapes such as waveform, zigzag.In addition, vertically on the inwall of container handling 21, be also provided with some mixing baffles, to increase stirring area, strengthen stirring dynamics.
The volume packing into when solid waste reach vertical container handling 21 volumes about 70% time, close feeding mouth 25 to increase pressure.Then from being positioned at steam injection mouth 27 injection pressures of vertical container handling 21 bottoms, be about 3.5kg/cm
2g, temperature is about the steam of 140 degree, to improve the temperature of vertical container handling 21 inside.In steam injection, together with mixing baffle 30 on raker stirrer 23 and paddle 31 and vertically container handling 21 inwalls, coordinate, solid waste is fully stirred and rolled, and under the booster action of vapours, solid waste is stirred rake 23 and pulverizes gradually in whipping process.
When the temperature of vertical container handling 21 inside moves closer to 100 while spending, large in the time of 95 degree, the exhaust outlet 28 on vertical container handling 21 is opened, to accelerate vapours condensation.The waste gas of discharging from vertical container handling 21, still contain the VOC (VOC) in some solid waste, need to use water washing device to process.Although solid waste is through above-mentioned burning and thermal fission, and through K cryogenic treatment, VOC shared proportion in waste gas is very low.
Sealing exhaust outlet 28, continues to inject vapours from steam injection mouth 27.Temperature in vertical container handling 21 reaches target temperature 130-140 while spending, and stops injecting, and continues to stir solid waste in vertical container handling 21 about 30 minutes.Then again open at leisure exhaust outlet 28, make the pressure in vertical container handling 21 identical with external pressure.The gas discharging needs to use water washing device to wash VOC before entering atmosphere.Treated solid refuse is discharged on conveyer belt and is further classified by discharging opening 26, is divided into living beings, metal, high-quality plastics, plastics inferior, nonflammable thing, chip and battery etc.It is pointed out that raker stirrer 23 slowly rotates with Accelerating Removal when discharging solid refuse from vertical container handling 21.
Shown in Fig. 3 is the embodiment two of container handling in step (1).As shown in Figure 3, container handling is a vertical container handling 1, and this horizontal processing container 1, with vertically container handling 21 is the same, is equally applicable to the heat treatment of solid waste.Horizontal processing container 1 is rotary, and its one end is provided with an opening 6, and for packing into and discharging solid refuse, the other end is provided with a rotary contact 8, for connecting steam injection pipe and exhaust emission tube.Similar with vertical container handling 21, in horizontal processing container 1, along horizontal direction, be provided with some lifting plates 7, these some lifting plates 7 are arranged in the shape of a spiral, are used for stir solids refuse in the time of horizontal processing container 1 rotation.Rotary actuator 5 is installed on horizontal processing container 1, and rotary actuator 5 is driven by a CD-ROM drive motor 4.Preferably, rotary actuator 5 is swing pinion.Under the effect of CD-ROM drive motor 4 and rotary actuator 5, according to the difference that packs and discharge solid waste into, can make horizontal processing container 1 rotate along clockwise direction, to drive solid waste to move to the opposite side of horizontal processing container 1; Also can make horizontal processing container 1 rotate in the counterclockwise direction, to drive solid waste to move to opening 6 directions.Further, horizontal processing container 1 also comprise one or more roll with 2 and with roll with 2 supporting rollers 3, for further driving the rotation of horizontal processing container 1.
The heat treated detailed process of horizontal processing container 1 is identical with the process of above-mentioned vertical container handling 21.
Be greater than under the high temperature of 130 degree, all bacteriums all can be killed.Volatile organic compound comprises that the stink that the chemical substance of food decay gives out is dispersed in heat treatment, makes not have niff to stay in refuse.
In container handling, after the heat treatment higher than 130 degree, the living beings of MSW (MSW) and clinical waste, are mainly that paper and food garbage transform into adhesion, are laminar agglomerating cellulose fibre.Various cell membranes in food garbage, as destroyed in whipping process in the cell membrane of vegetables or meat, the moisture in its inner cell is gone to the surface of sheet-like fiber element.Lip-deep like this moisture is easy to be dried by outside heating, more easier than the moisture in direct oven dry living beings cell membrane.
Refuse in MSW (MSW) and clinical waste is mostly to be assembled or be bonded by multiple material.For example food package film is formed by two or three different material lamination exactly, as PE (polyethylene) and PVC (polyvinyl chloride), and PVDC (Vingon) and PP (polypropylene), or PP (polypropylene) and aluminium foil etc.PVC and PVDC shared proportion in MSW (MSW) is generally 1-2wt%, is 4-10wt% in clinical waste.Plastics most suitable as the energy are PE (polyethylene), PP (polypropylene) and PS (polystyrene), they are only comprised of carbon and hydrogen, and these three kinds of plastics shared proportion in big city MSW (MSW) and clinical waste surpasses 60wt% conventionally.In supermarket, the primary raw material of shopping bag is exactly highdensity PE or PP.
In heat treatment process, utilize plastic components different in laminated film to there is different melt temperatures, can carry out separation to it.As according to operating condition, such as accelerating the speed that in container, temperature rises, or strengthen the intensity stirring in container handling, the laminated film of the laminated film of PP and PVC or HDPE and PVC can be separated.
More than temperature in container handling is remained on to 100 degree, and stir, PVC/PVDC starts deliquescing; Temperature is greater than 130 degree, and it is softer that PVC/PVDC becomes, and can, by it from remaining solid-state PP, on HDPE or aluminium foil, swipe; Temperature is greater than 140 degree, and PVC/PVDC is fused into agglomerating particle, even and PP and HDPE have started some while spending and have shunk being greater than 130, but still can roughly keep its original shape.
In order not pollute the other materials around of laminated film that is looped around heating deliquescing, gathering way of temperature is extremely important.If the speed that in container handling, temperature increases is too fast, the plastic press film of heating deliquescing can swipe other plastics, laminated metal foil or organic material.Temperature in container handling reaches 120 while spending, and the speed of steam injection need to slow down, and preferably, with every 20 to 30 minutes 10 degree that raise, is advisable.When temperature reaches maximum, while spending over 140, some is combined into chlorine compound as the plastics of PVC start pyrolysis.
The bottle that PET makes, when spending lower than 150, although start torsional deformation, can not melt.Often be made into the PS of dish dish or pallet, when spending over 110, be melted into bulk or graininess.
Above-mentioned plastics are distorted or the different situations of change that melt depend on additives different in plastics.For example, PVC contains softening chemical substance, as contains lead (Pb) and make PVC deliquescing but can make it stand shearing, and this PVC will start deliquescing at a lower temperature.And if in PVC, be compounded with nonflammable material, as bromine (Br), at the temperature lower than 150 degree, PVC can maintain the original state and can not be melted so.
PVC insulated cable can not be melted or deform in container handling.
The situation of change of other materials in solid waste in heat treatment process is as follows:
Thermosetting plastics, is not membranaceous conventionally, as PF (phenol plastic cement), and MF (melamine resin), UF (ureas), PUR (polyurethane plastics), UP (polyester) still can keep its original shape.
Most yarn fabric, as polyester fiber, nylon, acrylic fibers also still keep its original state.
The rubbish of animal body, as hair, bone is combined into sheet or pulverous organic compound again.
The woodworks such as wood chip batten remain unchanged in heat treatment.
Cotton-spinning fabric remains unchanged, but wool fabric can contraction distortion or is stirred and chops into superfine fibre.
Paint in various article or particular chemicals, as the printing paper coming off from article, glue, is milled into powder, is blended in through in heat treated mixture.
Metal and nonflammable material, as pottery, glass, earth, plasterboard, cement, dust can not change.
Other combustible materials of abiotic matter or plastics, as rubber and leather also remain unchanged.
After heat treated, from container handling solid waste be out into a bulk of composite material of sterilization, it does not have niff, adhesion is easy to be become living beings by classification described below, plastics, metal and nonflammable thing.
In step (2), from container handling, solid waste is out divided into living beings part and other parts by rotary screen and vibratory sieve.Preferably, the specification of screen cloth is about 10mm.The part that the is less than 10mm material part of making a living, is wherein mainly a small amount of glass or the ceramic chip of cellulose fiber peacekeeping of sheet, and the plastics of small pieces, rubber, metal, dust etc.
The part that is greater than 10mm is to comprise membranaceous and block plastics, rubber, and yarn fabric, the batten of bulk, large stretch of nonflammable thing is as pottery, the composite material of sheet glass and sheet metal etc.
In these composite materials, by blowing air-flow, plastic sheet is blown afloat, make it by separated at first, Bing is hunted down in separation chamber.Due to by PVC, PVDC, in the heat-treatment process that the plastics that LDPE makes carry out in steam injection container, be melted or pyrocondensation balling-up block, so present income to plastics be mainly the high-density plastics such as PP and HDPE.
Metal in living beings part or abiotic matter part, by magnetic attachment separating ferrum, isolates aluminium by whirlpool separator, copper and stainless steel.
Most yarn fabric and cloth waste material keep its original shape, and in heat treatment container, have adsorbed moisture, so they can not carry out separation by the air-flow method of blowing of above-mentioned separating plastic.These yarn fabrics and cloth waste material can with hook-shaped instrument carry out separated or on conveyer belt manual separation.
When isolating plastic sheet with blowing air-flow method, with magnetic attachment and whirlpool separator, isolate after metal, longer or wider than the expanse of material of 10mm, as batten, combiner or article, yarn fabric/cloth waste material, rope, or cable etc. can manually sorting on conveyer belt.
Remaining is combustible material that weight is lighter is such as rubber, baton round, wood chip or timber, and heavier nonflammable material, as metal, sheet glass, pottery, watt and fragment of brick etc.
The material that these weights do not wait can be used gravity vibration partition method separated, and gravity vibratory separator is often used in the separation of the crops such as cereal.
In the direction that gravity vibratory separator moves at the material conventionally and left side of the center line of material moving direction is all provided with the slightly vibrating disk of low dip.The left end of gravity vibratory separator is lower than right-hand member.Separated the opening of direction that the material of these mixing moves along material, lighter material is positioned at higher right-hand member, and heavier material is positioned at lower left end.
Due to when using the solid fuel of producing from MSW (MSW) or clinical waste, potential harmful substance can produce various harmful chemical substances, as chloride PVC produces dioxin or hydrogen chloride (HCL), containing cyanogen ABS, produce nitrogen oxide, rubber produces oxysulfide (SOx) or hydrogen sulfide (HS) etc., therefore need to eliminate these potential harmful substances.
In MSW (MSW) or clinical waste, main potentially harmful substance is chloride PVC/PVDC, and these chlorine-bearing compounds can change into extremely toxic substance dioxin.Through heat treated, and follow-up mechanical treatment and manual sorting, these PVC are mainly present in the part that in gravity vibratory separator, weight is lighter.
Eliminating after the harmful substance in heat treated refuse, just can utilize the solid fuel particle that obtains from refuse, these solid fuels are regenerative resources, can be as other objects such as generatings.
Can adopt the floating partition method of water from lighter material part, to isolate PVC/PVDC and other potential harmful substance, as the General Purpose Rubber of sulfur-bearing, the ABS plastic that contains kyanite (CN) etc.The floating separator of water can be divided into material and swims in waterborne and sink to water-bed two parts.
PE and PP are lighter than water, and other most of plastics are such as PVC/PVDC, ABS, and most rubber is all than water weight.
Some special rubber is as lighter than water in EPDM, it includes potential harmful substance sulphur, but this special rubber is mainly used in automobile component, as gasket or engine pipe around, therefore the content in MSW (MSW) and clinical waste is few.
The suitable material as solid fuel or regenerative resource is PE and PP, and their shared ratios in refuse plastics are greater than 70%, can utilize water gravity separator to reclaim.
Isolated parts of plastics need to be discharged moisture wherein with centrifuge.
Heavy metal is mainly present in ink pigment or colored plastic, is also present in the household electrical appliance that comprise battery.
Being present in electrical equipment can carry out separated with whirlpool separator by aforesaid magnetic separation method with the metal in battery.And heavy metal in ink pigment or colored plastic is comprised in living beings part and mixes as powder and biomass fiber.These heavy metal powder can be dried living beings part with fluidized drier, and the method that is blown into bag filter is come separated.
Nonflammable material in living beings part, by after screen(ing) machine, can be eliminated by the method for similar gravity vibrator.
Solid waste, after heat treated, through above-mentioned classification process, just can obtain being applicable to do the material of fuel: the biomass fiber of sheet, take PE and PP as main lighter block or spherical plastics; And the material that is not suitable for doing fuel: the heavier block or spherical plastics of non-PE and PP, are mainly the heavier part of nonflammable thing and the fragment filtering out from living beings part.
By battery from metal part manual separation out after, can reclaim left metal.
In heavier parts of plastics, contain potential harmful substance, as chloride PVC etc., can be formed for low-grade plastic piece or the timber of outdoor use.Under the environment that is not burned or contact with acid (under the effect of food waste on bacterium can produce acid), chlorine can not form any harmful substance, so PVC is safety during by burning.
Due to the above-mentioned processing of process, nonflammable heavier part can not endanger environment, therefore can bury it.And this part is at original solid waste, as proportion shared in MSW and clinical waste is less than 5%.
One of ordinary skill in the art of the present invention are appreciated that; the above embodiment of the present invention is only one of the preferred embodiments of the present invention; for length restriction; here can not all embodiments of particularize; any enforcement that can embody the claims in the present invention technical scheme, all in protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that; above content is in conjunction with concrete embodiment further description made for the present invention; can not assert that the specific embodiment of the present invention only limits to this; under above-mentioned guidance of the present invention; those skilled in the art can carry out various improvement and distortion on the basis of above-described embodiment, and these improvement or distortion drop in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. from solid waste, obtain the solid-fuelled method of high-quality, comprise the following steps:
(1) solid waste is heat-treated, put it in a closed processes container, inject hot steam, make temperature in container handling between 130 degree to 150 degree, and described solid waste is stirred;
Wherein, the speed of steam injection is less than the speed that the temperature making in container increases by 10 degree for every 10 minutes;
(2) to classifying through heat treated described solid waste, be divided into living beings, plastics, metal and nonflammable thing;
(3) eliminate harmful substance potential in described solid waste;
(4) obtain high-quality solid fuel, and isolated other materials are reclaimed or bury processing according to its characteristic.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the temperature in step (1) in container handling is between 130 degree to 140 degree.
3. according to the method described in claim 1 to 2 any one, it is characterized in that, in step (1), the waste gas of discharging in described solid waste heat treatment process is washed to processing.
4. method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, in step (1), the speed of steam injection is to make the temperature in described container handling within every 30 minutes, increase by 10 degree.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (2), comprising:
To, through heat treated described solid waste by screening, sieve out living beings and abiotic matter part;
Air-flow method is blown in employing, the plastics of abiotic matter part is blown afloat, to be isolated processing;
Metal through in heat treated described solid waste, utilizes magnetic attachment method separating ferrum, utilizes eddy current partition method to isolate aluminium, copper and stainless steel;
Through the bulk article in heat treated described solid waste, manual separation out;
To part remaining after above-mentioned separation, adopt gravity vibration partition method to carry out separation, be separated into material and the heavier material of weight that weight is lighter.
6. method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, in step (3), adopt the floating partition method of water that the lighter material of weight is divided into and swims in part waterborne and sink to water-bed part, wherein swimming in part waterborne is high-quality plastics, sinking to water-bed part is plastics inferior, thereby plastics inferior are separated.
7. method according to claim 5, is characterized in that, in step (3), heavy metal is present in electrical equipment and battery, in ink pigment or colored plastic, is present in electrical equipment and by magnetic attachment method, carries out separated with eddy current partition method with the heavy metal in battery; Be present in heavy metal in ink pigment or colored plastic and be comprised in living beings part and mix as powder and biomass fiber, utilize fluidized drier to dry living beings part, and be blown in bag filter and filter to carry out separation.
8. the vertical container handling for solid waste is heat-treated, it is characterized in that, described vertical container handling is provided with a feeding mouth, one discharging opening, one steam injection mouth and an exhaust outlet, described discharging opening is arranged on the bottom of described vertical container handling, in the inside of described vertical container handling, is provided with a puddler, described puddler is driven by a drive motor, and the lower end of described puddler connects a raker stirrer.
9. vertical container handling according to claim 8, is characterized in that, the inwall of described vertical container handling is provided with some mixing baffles, establishes irregular paddle on puddler.
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| CN1299710A (en) * | 2000-09-18 | 2001-06-20 | 韩洪波 | Digesting treatment of city domestic garbage and sludge |
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| CN1915544A (en) * | 2005-08-15 | 2007-02-21 | 萧良英 | A comprehensive treatment method for municipal solid waste |
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| CN1299710A (en) * | 2000-09-18 | 2001-06-20 | 韩洪波 | Digesting treatment of city domestic garbage and sludge |
| CN1541291A (en) * | 2001-10-22 | 2004-10-27 | 亨廷顿阿拉巴马州立大学 | Method for preparing homogenous cellulosic product from cellulosic waste materials |
| US7967877B2 (en) * | 2003-11-13 | 2011-06-28 | Biomass Worldwide Group Limited | Biomass energy product and processing method |
| CN1915544A (en) * | 2005-08-15 | 2007-02-21 | 萧良英 | A comprehensive treatment method for municipal solid waste |
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