CN102589255A - Vacuum flashing energy-saving independent dehumidification system - Google Patents
Vacuum flashing energy-saving independent dehumidification system Download PDFInfo
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- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002274 desiccant Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
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Abstract
本发明公开了真空闪蒸节能型独立除湿系统，包括集热换热系统和冷却水系统，其特征在于，所述集热换热系统包括热交换器，热交换器通过管道连接有换热器，所述第一水泵设置于集热换热系统的管道回路上，所述稀溶液箱通过溶液泵连接有换热器的一端，换热器的另一端连接有冷却水系统，所述冷却水系统包括设置在真空室内的冷却盘管，所述冷却盘管下方设置有一托水盘，真空室的出水端通过泄水阀连接有浓溶液箱，所述第二水泵抽取液体进入真空室内，该系统可以通过真空闪蒸的方法除去低浓度干燥剂溶液中的水，实现干燥剂的再生；冷却盘管位于真空室内的上方，水蒸气在其表面凝结后排出，可供船上船员日常使用；从而使整个装置具有节能效果。
The invention discloses a vacuum flash evaporation energy-saving independent dehumidification system, which includes a heat collection and heat exchange system and a cooling water system. , the first water pump is arranged on the pipeline circuit of the heat collection and heat exchange system, the diluted solution tank is connected to one end of the heat exchanger through the solution pump, and the other end of the heat exchanger is connected to the cooling water system, and the cooling water The system includes a cooling coil installed in the vacuum chamber, a water tray is arranged under the cooling coil, the outlet end of the vacuum chamber is connected to a concentrated solution tank through a drain valve, and the second water pump pumps liquid into the vacuum chamber. The system can remove the water in the low-concentration desiccant solution by vacuum flashing to realize the regeneration of the desiccant; the cooling coil is located above the vacuum chamber, and the water vapor is condensed on its surface and discharged, which can be used by the crew on board for daily use; thus Make the whole device energy-saving.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及独立除湿技术领域，特别是利用真空闪蒸技术的独立除湿系统。The invention relates to the technical field of independent dehumidification, in particular to an independent dehumidification system using vacuum flash technology.
背景技术 Background technique
除湿是工农业生产和人们日常生活中的常见问题，尤其在我国南方等高湿地区。在工业生产过程中，随着人们对空气、水源、食品、医药等品质要求的不断提高，生产环境中湿度的控制成为一个重要指标。在高湿环境下，湿气以及凝结的水滴会导致一些计量仪器、传感器等精密电子装置的准确性下降，甚至失效。环境湿度的变化会对纸张、木制品、纺织品等材料的形状及表面性状产生很大影响，对生产过程也会造成不良影响，因此这些部门都要对生产环境的湿度进行严格的规定。除工业应用外，除湿更重要的意义在于改善人们的生活环境。Dehumidification is a common problem in industrial and agricultural production and people's daily life, especially in high humidity areas such as southern my country. In the process of industrial production, with the continuous improvement of people's quality requirements for air, water, food, medicine, etc., the control of humidity in the production environment has become an important indicator. In a high-humidity environment, moisture and condensed water droplets will cause the accuracy of some measuring instruments, sensors and other precision electronic devices to decrease or even fail. Changes in environmental humidity will have a great impact on the shape and surface properties of materials such as paper, wood products, and textiles, and will also have adverse effects on the production process. Therefore, these departments must strictly regulate the humidity of the production environment. In addition to industrial applications, the more important significance of dehumidification is to improve people's living environment.
首先，较高的湿度会是一些生物污染物，如真菌(包括霉菌)、细菌、病毒的生长、繁殖以及向空气和人体的传播速度加快，引起一些呼吸道疾病。室内较高的湿度与一定的温度也会加快非生物污染物的释放速度以及在建筑物表面的化学反应速度，这些都是病态建筑综合症的成因。First of all, higher humidity will accelerate the growth, reproduction, and transmission of some biological pollutants, such as fungi (including mold), bacteria, and viruses, to the air and the human body, causing some respiratory diseases. High indoor humidity and certain temperature will also accelerate the release rate of non-biological pollutants and the chemical reaction rate on the building surface, which are the causes of sick building syndrome.
除湿的另一个重要意义在于为人体提供热舒适。在一定的温度下，降低湿度会使人体水分蒸发速率以及通过蒸发散发的热量增加，从而使人体感觉更加凉爽、干燥和舒服。西欧的一些研究结果表明，与人体热舒适相应的相对湿度应保持在40％-60％。Another important aspect of dehumidification is to provide thermal comfort to the human body. At a certain temperature, lowering the humidity will increase the evaporation rate of human body water and the heat dissipated through evaporation, thus making the human body feel cooler, drier and more comfortable. Some research results in Western Europe show that the relative humidity corresponding to the thermal comfort of the human body should be kept at 40%-60%.
目前比较成熟的除湿技术有冷却式除湿、液体吸收式除湿、固体吸附式除湿、膜法除湿、HVAC(Heating，Ventilating and Air conditioning，采暖通风与空调)系统除湿以及在固体吸附式除湿基础上发展起来的转轮吸附式除湿等。At present, the relatively mature dehumidification technologies include cooling dehumidification, liquid absorption dehumidification, solid adsorption dehumidification, membrane dehumidification, HVAC (Heating, Ventilating and Air conditioning) system dehumidification and development on the basis of solid adsorption dehumidification. Up the rotor adsorption dehumidification and so on.
液体吸附式除湿的基本原理是利用液体干燥剂的表面的水蒸气分压低于湿空气中的水蒸气分压，在压力梯度的作用下将湿空气的水蒸气吸收到干燥剂中，直至双方的水蒸气分压达到平衡，吸收过程结束。液体干燥剂吸收水蒸汽后被稀释失去干燥能力，需要再生除去水分。The basic principle of liquid adsorption dehumidification is to use the partial pressure of water vapor on the surface of the liquid desiccant to be lower than the partial pressure of water vapor in the humid air, and absorb the water vapor of the humid air into the desiccant under the action of the pressure gradient until the two sides The water vapor partial pressure reaches equilibrium, and the absorption process ends. After absorbing water vapor, the liquid desiccant is diluted and loses its drying ability, and needs to be regenerated to remove water.
典型的液体吸收式除湿装置主要包括除湿器、再生器、蒸发冷却器、热交换器、泵等设备，图1为一个典型的液体吸收式除湿装置的工作流程图。液体吸收式除湿设备的处理量大，除湿效果好，而且液体干燥剂在吸收水蒸汽的同时，也可以吸收空气中的部分病菌、化学污染物等有害物质，对空气有一定的净化作用。液体吸收式除湿机整个过程最需要的就是干燥剂再生的热能，这些热能利用太阳能、工业废热等低品位的能源就能够满足，因此能耗较小。但相对于冷却式除湿设备，液体吸收式除湿设备体积较大，需要有气体和废热的排除，并需要定期保养，整个装置能效比也较低。A typical liquid absorption dehumidification device mainly includes dehumidifiers, regenerators, evaporative coolers, heat exchangers, pumps and other equipment. Figure 1 is a working flow chart of a typical liquid absorption dehumidification device. The liquid absorption dehumidification equipment has a large processing capacity and good dehumidification effect, and the liquid desiccant can absorb some harmful substances such as germs and chemical pollutants in the air while absorbing water vapor, and has a certain purification effect on the air. What the liquid absorption dehumidifier needs most in the whole process is the heat energy from the regeneration of the desiccant, which can be satisfied by using low-grade energy such as solar energy and industrial waste heat, so the energy consumption is relatively small. However, compared with the cooling dehumidification equipment, the liquid absorption dehumidification equipment is larger in size, needs the removal of gas and waste heat, and requires regular maintenance, and the energy efficiency ratio of the entire device is also lower.
另外在液体吸收式除湿设备中液体溶液会腐蚀金属，并且如果溶液的流速不合适将产生飞沫，因此目前液体吸收式除湿技术主要应用在工业生产中，有待进一步开发在非工业领域的应用。In addition, the liquid solution in the liquid absorption dehumidification equipment will corrode the metal, and if the flow rate of the solution is not suitable, droplets will be generated. Therefore, the current liquid absorption dehumidification technology is mainly used in industrial production and needs to be further developed for non-industrial applications.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
为了克服上述现有技术的缺点，本发明的目的提供真空闪蒸节能型独立除湿系统，利用真空闪蒸的方法除去干燥剂中的水分，有效提高干燥剂溶液浓度并降低干燥剂溶液温度，利用天然冷源冷却水蒸气以再利用，降低能耗，提高工作效率。In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a vacuum flash evaporation energy-saving independent dehumidification system, which uses the method of vacuum flash evaporation to remove the moisture in the desiccant, effectively increases the concentration of the desiccant solution and reduces the temperature of the desiccant solution. The natural cold source cools the water vapor for reuse, reducing energy consumption and improving work efficiency.
为了实现上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案是：In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
真空闪蒸节能型独立除湿系统，包括集热换热系统和冷却水系统，所述集热换热系统包括热交换器1，热交换器1通过管道连接有换热器10，所述第一水泵2-1设置于集热换热系统的管道回路上，控制管道回路的通断；The vacuum flash energy-saving independent dehumidification system includes a heat collection and heat exchange system and a cooling water system. The heat collection and heat exchange system includes a heat exchanger 1, and the heat exchanger 1 is connected to a heat exchanger 10 through a pipeline. The first The water pump 2-1 is arranged on the pipeline circuit of the heat collection and heat exchange system to control the on-off of the pipeline circuit;
所述稀溶液箱3通过溶液泵5连接有换热器10的一端，换热器10的另一端连接有冷却水系统，所述冷却水系统包括设置在真空室9内的冷却盘管6，所述冷却盘管6下方设置有一托水盘7，真空室9的出水端通过泄水阀13连接有浓溶液箱12，所述第二水泵2-2抽取液体进入真空室9内。Described dilute solution tank 3 is connected with one end of heat exchanger 10 through solution pump 5, and the other end of heat exchanger 10 is connected with cooling water system, and described cooling water system comprises the cooling coil pipe 6 that is arranged in vacuum chamber 9, A water tray 7 is arranged below the cooling coil 6 , and the outlet end of the vacuum chamber 9 is connected to a concentrated solution tank 12 through a drain valve 13 , and the second water pump 2 - 2 draws liquid into the vacuum chamber 9 .
所述浓溶液箱12与稀溶液箱3之间设置有除湿器14。A dehumidifier 14 is arranged between the concentrated solution tank 12 and the dilute solution tank 3 .
所述换热器10进入真空室9内的管道顶端还设置有雾化喷淋器8。An atomizing shower 8 is also provided at the top of the pipeline where the heat exchanger 10 enters the vacuum chamber 9 .
所述真空室9的入口端设置有干燥器15，并通过真空泵4连接外部装置。The inlet end of the vacuum chamber 9 is provided with a drier 15 , and is connected to an external device through a vacuum pump 4 .
所述托水盘7还设置有凝结水箱11。The water holding tray 7 is also provided with a condensation water tank 11 .
在真空泵4开启工作时，干燥剂稀溶液通过雾化喷淋器8向真空室9内喷淋，高压溶液经雾化器雾化，并在低压常温状态下吸热汽化为水蒸气，溶液失去水分成为浓溶液且温度迅速降低，在真空室9底部积聚后通过排水孔排出；冷却盘管6设置在真空室9内的上方，下部有一托水盘7，经冷却盘管6冷凝成水的水蒸气滴落回真空室9并积聚在托水盘7上，泄水阀13为常开阀，通过真空泵4的电源控制，真空泵4开启时关闭，真空泵4停止工作时打开排水，同时冷却盘管6还可以吸收真空室9内的热量，降低真空室9内温度，提高工作效率；When the vacuum pump 4 is turned on, the desiccant dilute solution is sprayed into the vacuum chamber 9 through the atomizing sprayer 8, and the high-pressure solution is atomized through the atomizer, and absorbs heat and vaporizes into water vapor at low pressure and normal temperature, and the solution loses The water becomes a concentrated solution and the temperature drops rapidly, accumulates at the bottom of the vacuum chamber 9 and is discharged through the drain hole; the cooling coil 6 is arranged above the vacuum chamber 9, and there is a water tray 7 at the bottom, which is condensed into water by the cooling coil 6 The water vapor drops back into the vacuum chamber 9 and accumulates on the water tray 7. The drain valve 13 is a normally open valve controlled by the power supply of the vacuum pump 4. When the vacuum pump 4 is turned on, it is closed. The tube 6 can also absorb heat in the vacuum chamber 9, reduce the temperature in the vacuum chamber 9, and improve work efficiency;
真空泵4前设有干燥器15，可吸收残余水蒸气，保证真空泵4的正常、安全运行。A drier 15 is arranged in front of the vacuum pump 4, which can absorb residual water vapor and ensure the normal and safe operation of the vacuum pump 4.
本发明比现有液体除湿系统比较其优点在于：Compared with the existing liquid dehumidification system, the present invention has the following advantages:
1.干燥剂稀溶液通过真空闪蒸的方法去除水分，成为浓溶液，实现再生。1. The dilute solution of the desiccant removes moisture by vacuum flashing and becomes a concentrated solution to achieve regeneration.
2.冷却盘管设置在真空室内，冷凝水蒸气的同时，还可以吸收真空室内部分热量，提高系统的工作效率，节能效果明显。2. The cooling coil is installed in the vacuum chamber. While condensing water vapor, it can also absorb part of the heat in the vacuum chamber to improve the working efficiency of the system, and the energy saving effect is obvious.
3.冷凝成水的水蒸气可用于船上的日常使用，为远洋航行提供方便。3. The water vapor condensed into water can be used for daily use on board, providing convenience for ocean voyages.
4.利用船舶发动机散发的大量废热加热干燥剂稀溶液，节能效果明显。4. Using a large amount of waste heat emitted by the ship engine to heat the dilute solution of the desiccant, the energy saving effect is obvious.
5.真空泵前设置干燥器，预防少量水分的渗入，保障真空泵运行安全。5. A dryer is installed in front of the vacuum pump to prevent the infiltration of a small amount of water and ensure the safe operation of the vacuum pump.
附图说明 Description of drawings
下面结合附图与实施案例进一步说明本发明。The present invention is further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawings and examples of implementation.
图1为本发明的结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention.
图中标号：Labels in the figure:
1.热交换器 2.水泵 3.稀溶液箱 4.真空泵 5.溶液泵 6.冷却盘管 7.托水盘8.雾化喷淋器 9.真空室 10.换热器 11.凝结水箱 12.浓溶液箱 13.泄水阀14.除湿器 15.干燥器1. Heat exchanger 2. Water pump 3. Dilute solution tank 4. Vacuum pump 5. Solution pump 6. Cooling coil 7. Water tray 8. Atomizing sprayer 9. Vacuum chamber 10. Heat exchanger 11. Condensate tank 12. Concentrated solution tank 13. Drain valve 14. Dehumidifier 15. Dryer
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
结合附图，以下对发明的结构原理进一步详细描述。In conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the structural principle of the invention will be further described in detail below.
本发明独立除湿系统参照附图2，本发明是在常规液体除湿系统上的创新，本发明主要包括：真空闪蒸节能型独立除湿系统，包括集热换热系统和冷却水系统，所述集热换热系统包括热交换器1，热交换器1通过管道连接有换热器10，所述第一水泵2-1设置于集热换热系统的管道回路上，控制管道回路的通断；The independent dehumidification system of the present invention is referred to accompanying drawing 2, and the present invention is the innovation on the conventional liquid dehumidification system, and the present invention mainly comprises: vacuum flash evaporation energy-saving independent dehumidification system, includes heat collection and heat exchange system and cooling water system, said collection The heat exchange system includes a heat exchanger 1, the heat exchanger 1 is connected to a heat exchanger 10 through a pipeline, and the first water pump 2-1 is arranged on the pipeline circuit of the heat collection and heat exchange system to control the on-off of the pipeline circuit;
所述稀溶液箱3通过溶液泵5连接有换热器10的一端，换热器10的另一端连接有冷却水系统，所述冷却水系统包括设置在真空室9内的冷却盘管6，所述冷却盘管6下方设置有一托水盘7，真空室9的出水端通过泄水阀13连接有浓溶液箱12，所述第二水泵2-2抽取液体进入真空室9内。Described dilute solution tank 3 is connected with one end of heat exchanger 10 through solution pump 5, and the other end of heat exchanger 10 is connected with cooling water system, and described cooling water system comprises the cooling coil pipe 6 that is arranged in vacuum chamber 9, A water tray 7 is arranged below the cooling coil 6 , and the outlet end of the vacuum chamber 9 is connected to a concentrated solution tank 12 through a drain valve 13 , and the second water pump 2 - 2 draws liquid into the vacuum chamber 9 .
所述浓溶液箱12与稀溶液箱3之间设置有除湿器14。A dehumidifier 14 is arranged between the concentrated solution tank 12 and the dilute solution tank 3 .
所述换热器10进入真空室9内的管道顶端还设置有雾化喷淋器8。An atomizing shower 8 is also provided at the top of the pipeline where the heat exchanger 10 enters the vacuum chamber 9 .
所述真空室9的入口端设置有干燥器15，并通过真空泵4连接外部装置。The inlet end of the vacuum chamber 9 is provided with a drier 15 , and is connected to an external device through a vacuum pump 4 .
所述托水盘7还设置有凝结水箱11。The water holding tray 7 is also provided with a condensation water tank 11 .
本发明的泄水阀13为常开阀，控制电源为真空泵4启动电源即弱电；热交换器1位于发动机表面，第二水泵2-2抽取船底海水。The drain valve 13 of the present invention is a normally open valve, and the control power supply is the starting power supply of the vacuum pump 4, which is a weak current; the heat exchanger 1 is located on the surface of the engine, and the second water pump 2-2 extracts seawater from the bottom of the ship.
在开始工作前，第二水泵2-2启动，抽取船底海水，冷却盘管6处于低温状态；第一水泵2-1启动，集热换热系统处于工作状态；真空泵4启动，此时泄水阀13处于关闭状态。Before starting work, the second water pump 2-2 is started to pump seawater at the bottom of the ship, and the cooling coil 6 is in a low-temperature state; the first water pump 2-1 is started, and the heat collection and heat exchange system is in working condition; the vacuum pump 4 is started, and the water is discharged at this time Valve 13 is closed.
通过真空计1观察真空室9内压力变化，真空泵4抽吸至接近极限状态时，溶液泵5开始抽取干燥剂稀溶液，稀溶液通过换热器10加热，并压入装在真空室9中上部的雾化喷淋器8，稀溶液在喷淋器中雾化，喷淋到真空室9内，水的沸点伴随着压力的下降而下降，在常温下吸热汽化，在没有外部热源的情况下，真空室9内温度急剧降低，溶液的内能在温度势的作用下由内向外转移，溶液温度下降并在真空室9底部积聚，通过排水孔排至浓溶液箱12。Observe the pressure change in the vacuum chamber 9 through the vacuum gauge 1. When the vacuum pump 4 is pumped to the limit state, the solution pump 5 starts to extract the dilute solution of desiccant. The dilute solution is heated by the heat exchanger 10 and pressed into the vacuum chamber 9. The atomizing shower 8 on the upper part, the dilute solution is atomized in the shower, sprayed into the vacuum chamber 9, the boiling point of water drops along with the drop of pressure, it absorbs heat and vaporizes at normal temperature, and when there is no external heat source Under normal circumstances, the temperature in the vacuum chamber 9 drops sharply, the internal energy of the solution is transferred from the inside to the outside under the effect of the temperature potential, the solution temperature drops and accumulates at the bottom of the vacuum chamber 9, and is discharged to the concentrated solution tank 12 through the drain hole.
利用真空闪蒸的方法达到了升高溶液浓度的目的，使干燥剂实现了再生。真空计显示真空室9内压力急剧上升，然后下降。真空室内的水蒸气及空气进入冷却盘管6，冷却盘管6为冷却盘管，表面温度低于该压力下对应的露点温度，水蒸气转变为液态水在其表面析出，并由重力作用流落汇集在真空室9内，冷却盘管6下端设有一托水盘7内，通过排水孔排至冷凝水箱11。The purpose of increasing the concentration of the solution is achieved by using the method of vacuum flashing, and the desiccant is regenerated. The vacuum gauge shows that the pressure in the vacuum chamber 9 rises sharply and then drops. The water vapor and air in the vacuum chamber enter the cooling coil 6. The cooling coil 6 is a cooling coil. The surface temperature is lower than the corresponding dew point temperature under the pressure. Collected in the vacuum chamber 9, the lower end of the cooling coil 6 is provided with a water tray 7, which is discharged to the condensed water tank 11 through the drain hole.
被吸入真空泵4的空气不可避免的会存在极少量的水分，在这部分空气进入真空泵4之前，设置了干燥器15，可以有效的吸收这部分残留的水分，保证进入真空泵4的全部是干空气，防止因吸收水蒸气引起真空泵4的润滑条件恶化和叶片的气蚀，缩短使用寿命，使真空泵安全运行。The air sucked into the vacuum pump 4 will inevitably have a very small amount of moisture. Before this part of the air enters the vacuum pump 4, a dryer 15 is installed to effectively absorb this part of residual moisture, ensuring that all the air entering the vacuum pump 4 is dry air , to prevent the lubricating conditions of the vacuum pump 4 from deteriorating and the cavitation of the blades caused by the absorption of water vapor, shorten the service life, and make the vacuum pump run safely.
当溶液充满浓溶液箱体12时，连接浓溶液箱体12和真空室9的泄水阀13自动关闭，随后箱体的排液(水)阀自动打开，排液(水)完毕后，排液(水)阀关闭，真空泵自动开启抽取箱体内气体，直到与真空腔内压力平衡时，连接两者的电磁阀重新开启，如此往复运行，实现溶液的连续再生。When the solution was full of the concentrated solution casing 12, the drain valve 13 connecting the concentrated solution casing 12 and the vacuum chamber 9 was automatically closed, and then the drain (water) valve of the casing was automatically opened. The liquid (water) valve is closed, and the vacuum pump automatically starts to extract the gas in the tank until the pressure in the vacuum chamber is balanced, and the solenoid valve connecting the two is opened again, so that the reciprocating operation realizes the continuous regeneration of the solution.
以上显示和描述了发明的基本原理和主要特征和发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。The basic principles and main features of the invention and advantages of the invention have been shown and described above. Those skilled in the industry should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments. What are described in the above-mentioned embodiments and the description only illustrate the principle of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will also have Variations and improvements are possible, which fall within the scope of the claimed invention. The protection scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
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