Background technology
China is Edible Fungi big country, and edible mushroom annual production accounts for world's total amount 75% more than, reaches 2,000 ten thousand tons.Edible Fungi is mainly from Chinese countryside peasant's hand labour, practitioner surpasses 2,500 ten thousand people, main employing is the solid edible spawn cultivation method lagging behind in production at present, production process is: first in the medium that routine is produced kind, put into original seed, be the solid spawn of production use under proper temperature after cultivating maturation; Then in wooden airtight casing, the bacterium bag after solid spawn and sterilizing is put into simultaneously, used medicine suffocating sterilization, manually after inoculation, complete production operation and cultivate cultivation.During manual inoculation, due to tank-volumes restriction, the bacterium bag quantity of at every turn putting into is no more than 100 bags conventionally.
The advantage of above-mentioned cultivating method for edible fungi is: manufacturing requirements is not high, and technique is simple, and equipment investment is little, and method is easily grasped.But also there are many deficiencies in the method, specifically comprises: (1) edible mushroom belongs to seasonal product, and output is large, the concentration of production; But casing is less, in case, putting bag, medicament fumigating, inoculation, bag taking etc. need operate repeatedly, and hand labor intensity is large, inefficiency; (2) bacterial classification repeats switching breeding, easily makes " original seed " to lose physiologically active, causes product quality inconsistent; (3) medicament fumigating sterilizing in wooden case, contaminated environment, and can bring very big harm to operator's health; (4) medicament fumigating sterilizing and manual inoculation solid spawn in solid spawn making, wooden case, the mode of production falls behind, way of peasant, production is without standard; A quality, product is unstable.
Visible, bacterial classification is made and used is the important step in Edible Fungi, is the key that affects product quality.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of cultivation method for edible mushroom, edible fungus solid spawn is carried out being used further to productive culture after fluidization, existing with now doing, easy and simple to handle, constant product quality, is beneficial to standardized production.
A cultivation method for edible mushroom, comprising:
(1) by edible bacterial vaccine inoculation in solid culture medium, cultivate 25-40 days in 20-26 ℃, make solid spawn;
(2) stabilizing agent is added in water or PDA liquid nutrient medium, mix, make liquefier;
(3) described solid spawn is added in described liquefier, stir, filter, get filtrate, make liquid spawn;
(4) liquid-spawn inoculation is carried out to productive culture in productive culture base, obtain edible mushroom.
In step (1), described edible mushroom can be Asparagus, mushroom or Xingbao mushroom.
Described edible fungus species is that the mother of edible mushroom plants or original seed.
Described solid culture medium can adopt conventional edible mushroom solid culture medium.
For bacterial classification can be grown better, preferably, in weight portion, described solid culture medium comprises: wood fragments bits 45-50, corn flour 25-30, wheatfeed 15-20, peptone 5-8, land plaster 1-2, pulverized limestone 1-2, water 120-150;
Or, comprising: corncob 55-65, corn flour 15-25, wheatfeed 10-15, bean curd ground-slag 15-20, land plaster 1-2, pulverized limestone 1-2, water 110-130.
Wherein, the particle diameter of described wood fragments bits, corn flour, wheatfeed, peptone, land plaster, pulverized limestone, corncob or bean curd ground-slag is preferably 30-60 order.
Described solid spawn can be placed 1-2 week at normal temperatures, under low temperature, can place the several months.During use, select and send out full mycelia, fine and close dense white kind bottle.
In step (2), described stabilizing agent can adopt conventional food stabilizer, as colloid, dextrin, sugar ester etc.
Preferably, described stabilizing agent is one or both in polyvinyl alcohol and maltodextrin.Stabilizing agent can make that the solid spawn after fragmentation is particle stabilized to be suspended in liquefier, makes bacterial concentration even up and down, is consistent, and prevents the phenomenons such as caking.Use stabilizing agent can effectively improve the quality of liquid spawn, while guaranteeing inoculation liquid spawn, inoculum concentration consumption is accurate, realizes standardized production, thereby the bacterium product quality of growth is consistent etc.
In every liter of liquefier, the addition of described stabilizing agent is preferably 1-10g.
Preferably, in described liquefier, also contain one or more in white sugar, peptone and vitamin B1.
More preferably, in every liter of liquefier, the content of white sugar is 5-20g, and the content of peptone is 3-8g, and the content of vitamin B1 is 1 μ g-2 μ g.In liquefier, add appropriate white sugar, peptone and vitamin B1, the solid spawn can be after fragmentation provides essential nutrition, white sugar provides carbon source for bacterial classification, peptone is the nitrogenous source that is easy to absorption, both will have certain proportion, and vitamin B1 is the essential vitamin that edible mushroom self can not be synthetic, add these materials, the liquid environment that is beneficial to thalli growth can be provided, contribute to keep the activity of thalline.
In step (3), before described solid spawn adds liquefier, can first be divided into fritter, be convenient to follow-up stirring, fragmentation.
The weight ratio of described solid spawn and liquefier is preferably 1: 10-1: 20; More preferably 1: 10-1: 15.
By described stirring, can make solid spawn fragmentation, realize the fluidization of solid spawn.
In order to improve fragmentation efficiency, can adopt the agitator with propeller to carry out fragmentation processing to solid spawn.
Described mixing time is preferably 5-15 minute.
Described mixing speed is preferably 100-120 rev/min.
Described filtration can adopt 20-60 object screen pack.By filtering the liquid spawn that can obtain particle exquisiteness.
In step (4), described liquid spawn can be inoculated in productive culture base by steam type edible fungus inoculator, and easy to operate, inoculation efficiency is high.Notification number is that the utility model patent of CN201127201Y discloses this steam type edible fungus inoculator.
The edible mushroom obtaining after described productive culture, can gather in the crops its fruit body.
The present invention carries out, after fluidization, inoculating and carrying out productive culture to edible fungus solid spawn, has following beneficial effect:
(1) compare the directly productive culture mode of inoculation of existing solid spawn, adopt edible mushroom of the present invention to cultivate the result of use that can obtain liquid spawn with preparation method, there is inoculum concentration size capable of regulating, accurately easy to control, bacterial classification does not need repeatedly to transfer, be difficult for inactivation, and is beneficial to the advantages such as production in enormous quantities.
(2) compare existing mother is planted or original seed carries out the mode of productive culture after liquid culture again, in the present invention, after female kind or original seed are made solid culture medium, the preservation time is longer, while producing inoculation, carry out again fluidization processing, with liquefier, substitute the liquid nutrient medium that liquid fermentation tank is made, can be now little, easy and simple to handle with now doing, investing.
(3) can adopt special equipment to carry out the fluidization operation of solid spawn or the inoculation operation of liquid spawn, with machinery, substitute manually, reduce labor intensity, can greatly liberate rural area labour productive forces; And compare manual operations, more can control preferably bacterial classification consumption, be beneficial to standardized production, make to disperse grower's constant product quality, form regional large-scale production; Meanwhile, can ensure to produce and stablize, effectively control and pollute, reduce manually and wastage of material, improve productivity effect and product quality.
Embodiment
The production of embodiment 1 Asparagus
(1) preparation of solid culture medium: porphyrize after wood fragments bits, corn flour, wheatfeed, peptone, land plaster and pulverized limestone is dry, cross 40 mesh sieves; Get wood fragments bits 46g, corn flour 28g, wheatfeed 16g, peptone 6g, land plaster 1g, pulverized limestone 1g, add water 150ml, after mediation evenly, be encased in volume 250ml wide-mouth bottle, to 200ml place, compacting charge level, the middle pore of pricking several 10~15mm is to the bottle end; With double-deck brown paper and two rubber rings, tighten, with high pressure steam sterilization (121 ℃ of temperature keep 1.5 hours);
(2) preparation of solid spawn: after solid culture medium is cooling, the female kind of access Asparagus test tube 1/7 fritter, in 25 ℃ of cultivations 28 days, extremely in bottle, mycelia sent out completely, and pure white exquisiteness is maturation;
(3) preparation of liquefier: get white sugar 10g, peptone 3g, VB
11 μ g, polyvinyl alcohol 3g, be dissolved in 1000ml warm water; After dissolving, at 121 ℃, keep 40 minutes, cooling standby;
(4) solid spawn fluidization is made: get the cultured solid spawn of step (2) and under aseptic condition, be cut into irregular fritter, in the agitator of input with propeller, the liquefier that adds again step (3) to make, the ratio 1: 10 (weight ratio) of solid spawn and liquefier; Screw capping, turn on the power switch, start agitator, with the rotating speed rotations of 120 revs/min 10 minutes; Cross afterwards 40 object screen packs, get filtrate, obtain flammulina velutipes liquid strains fine and smooth, that contain solid culture matrix;
(5) under aseptic condition, flammulina velutipes liquid strains step (4) being made by conduit imports steam type edible fungus inoculator (referring to the utility model patent of notification number CN201127201Y), by steam type edible fungus inoculator, flammulina velutipes liquid strains is inoculated into and in productive culture base, carries out productive culture, cultivate 35 days, obtain Asparagus fruit body for 25 ℃.
The production of embodiment 2 mushrooms
(1) preparation of solid culture medium: porphyrize after corncob, corn flour, wheatfeed, bean curd ground-slag, land plaster and pulverized limestone is dry, cross 30 mesh sieves; Get corncob 65g, corn flour 25g, wheatfeed 10g, bean curd ground-slag 15g, land plaster 1g, pulverized limestone 2g, add water 130ml, after mediation evenly, be encased in volume 250ml wide-mouth bottle, to 200ml place, compacting charge level, the middle pore of pricking several 10~15mm is to the bottle end; With double-deck brown paper and two rubber rings, tighten, with high pressure steam sterilization (121 ℃ of temperature keep 2 hours);
(2) preparation of solid spawn: after solid culture medium is cooling, the female kind of access mushroom test tube 1/6 fritter, in 25 ℃ of cultivations 35 days, extremely in bottle, mycelia sent out completely, and pure white exquisiteness is maturation;
(3) preparation of liquefier: get white sugar 15g, peptone 5g, VB
12 μ g, maltodextrin 6g, be dissolved in the potato juice (raw material potato consumption 20%) of 1200ml; After dissolving, at 121 ℃, keep 40 minutes, cooling standby;
(4) solid spawn fluidization is made: get the cultured solid spawn of step (2) and under aseptic condition, be cut into irregular fritter, in the agitator of input with spiral, the liquefier that adds again step (3) to make, the ratio of solid spawn and liquefier is 1: 15 (weight ratio); Screw capping, turn on the power switch, start propeller mixer, with the rotating speed rotations of 120 revs/min 10 minutes; Cross afterwards 40 object screen packs, get filtrate, obtain mushroom liquid bacterial fine and smooth, that contain solid culture matrix;
(5) under aseptic condition, mushroom liquid bacterial step (4) being made by conduit imports steam type edible fungus inoculator (referring to the utility model patent of notification number CN201127201Y), by steam type edible fungus inoculator, mushroom liquid bacterial is inoculated in productive culture base and carries out productive culture, cultivate for 26 ℃ and within 120 days, obtain mushroom fruiting body.