CN102548559A - 用于治疗囊性纤维化的组合物 - Google Patents
用于治疗囊性纤维化的组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102548559A CN102548559A CN2010800454199A CN201080045419A CN102548559A CN 102548559 A CN102548559 A CN 102548559A CN 2010800454199 A CN2010800454199 A CN 2010800454199A CN 201080045419 A CN201080045419 A CN 201080045419A CN 102548559 A CN102548559 A CN 102548559A
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Abstract
本发明提供了用于预防或治疗囊性纤维化的包含前列环素或前列环素类似物、或者其可药用盐的组合物。发明还提供了包含前列环素或前列环素类似物的试剂盒在治疗或预防个体中与囊性纤维化相关的状况中的用途。
Description
本发明提供了用于防止或治疗囊性纤维化的组合物,所述组合物包含前列环素或前列环素类似物或者其可药用盐。
囊性纤维化(CF)是第7号染色体上一个230kb的基因的突变所导致的遗传疾病,该基因编码被称为囊性纤维化跨膜传导调节因子(CFTR)的含有1480个氨基酸的多肽,多肽在表皮细胞膜中发挥氯离子通道的作用。迄今已发现了1000多个等位基因突变体。最常见的突变ΔF508是囊性纤维化跨膜传导调节因子(CFTR)蛋白中密码子508处苯丙氨酸残基的缺失。该突变导致CFTR功能严重下降,造成典型的囊性纤维化表现型,其特征在于外分泌腺功能的异常,比如汗液氯化物增加、反复的呼吸道感染并伴有支气管扩张症,以及早发型胰功能不全。
临床上,通常当个体中出现一或多个典型的CF表型特征时会怀疑是CF。可能是单独的慢性肺部疾病或者往往与胃肠和营养异常(例如胰功能不全和复发性胰腺炎)、盐耗综合征和男性泌尿生殖系统异常(即阻塞性无精症)相关。在人的肺中,粘稠的分泌物堵塞了远端呼吸道和表达CFTR的粘膜下层腺体。这些腺体的导管扩张(与粘液的阻塞相关)和呼吸道表面被粘稠主要是嗜中心粒细胞的脓性残骸覆盖是疾病的两个病理标志。肺部炎症是囊性纤维化个体中呼吸功能衰退的另一个主要成因,可能在慢性感染开始之前发生。胰管内的粘液嵌塞和粘稠凝结在先前被诊断为原发性或者酒精性胰腺炎的个体亚群中造成慢性纤维化、腺体的脂肪替代或者两种情况均有。
囊性纤维化是高加索人群体中最常见的致死性遗传疾病,一万名儿童中有大约4名受其影响。在美国,死亡的中值年龄从1969年的8.4岁提高到1998年的14.3岁。死亡的平均年龄从1969年的14岁提高到2003年的32.4岁(CysticFibrosis Foundation)。对出生在1990年代的儿童,存活年龄中值预计将超过40岁。预期生命显著延长的主要因素是对CF个体中慢性呼吸道感染的治疗和粘液清除的改善,以及营养状况的改善和更早诊断。
呼吸道上皮细胞顶膜失去囊性纤维化跨膜传导调节因子(CFTR)阴离子传导会破坏呼吸道表面液体层的调节。这导致囊性纤维化(CF)特征性的粘液纤毛清除功能受损、呼吸道感染和炎症。常见的CFTRΔF508突变在90%以上的CF患者中存在于至少一个等位基因中,在50%以上患者中是ΔF508纯合的,其余的是复合杂合子。CF疾病的一个中心问题是这种常见CFTR变体不能形成为天然折叠态,离开内质网(ER)并被输送到上皮细胞顶膜。
如果天然构象的形成受到阻碍,CFTR被认为与分子伴侣保持过多或过长的相互作用,而这又会使该蛋白成为ER中负责管理那些错误折叠或未完全复合的蛋白的降解机制的靶子。ER-相关降解(ERAD)包括异常蛋白的泛素化和它们被运送到蛋白酶体进行降解。如果ERAD落后于蛋白合成的速度,或者在使用蛋白酶体抑制剂进行治疗的过程中,突变蛋白形成的凝集物将逐渐累积。CFTR是第一个经鉴定是泛素-蛋白酶体介导的降解的底物的哺乳动物整合膜蛋白,一直作为日益增加的病理病因学非常多样性的蛋白质构象疾病的模型。
基本上细胞产生的所有ΔF508CFTR被ERAD破坏。并且,由于其折叠方式的复杂,60-70%的野生型(wt)蛋白也被类似地降解,虽然这在不同细胞类型之间有差别。不成熟形式的wt和ΔF508CFTR的蛋白切割方式相似,而成熟wt CFTR有不同的消化方式。这一发现支持了ER截留的突变CFTR中至少有一部分处于沿着正常CFTR折叠途径形成的中间构象的观点,而不是形成了变体蛋白结构。对于ΔF508CFTR,该中间构象不能越过折叠过程中的某个关键步骤,但它意味着如果能够协助这个步骤,ΔF508CFTR有可能得以挽救。
诸如降低温度、与化学伴侣分子或者药物校正剂共同温育的多种试验条件可以促使ΔF508CFTR逃离ER,在细胞表面形成有功能的阴离子通道。此外,研究人员曾报道通过共表达各种部分CFTR构建体或wt CFTR的亚结构域能够恢复ΔF508CFTR的功能。但是,对于能够有效拯救突变蛋白的CFTR亚结构域没有明显的共有序列,这一效果的机制仍不清楚。并且,CFTR片段诱导的拯救主要是在共表达CFTR片段和全长ΔF508CFTR的外生细胞中观察到的。
前列腺素I2(前列环素;依前列醇,PGI2)是花生四烯酸经环氧酶和PGI合成酶顺序作用酶促形成的氧化代谢物。其由血管内皮细胞和平滑肌细胞组成性产生,并在炎性条件下在血管细胞和巨噬细胞中被诱导。
PGI2是强力的血管舒张剂和抗血栓剂,其作用是通过与被称为I前列腺素类(IP)4受体的独特7螺旋G蛋白偶联受体结合而产生的。该受体与GS-偶联并激活腺苷酸环化酶,导致胞内cAMP激增。由于CFTR和突变CFTR的表达依赖于cAMP,因此开发治疗CF的药物会对能够增加胞内cAMP水平的物质感兴趣。然而多数这类物质,比如毛喉素(forskolin),会诱导cAMP不太特异地被提高,这种情况可能同时有非常有害的影响,比如炎症。因此仍需要用于肺表皮细胞的cAMP特异增强剂。
曲前列素(Treprostinil)是强力的IP受体激动剂,虽然它对该受体的特异性还是未知的。Sprague R.S.et al.,2008显示前列环素类似物(UT-15,Remodulin)刺激受体介导的cAMP合成和ATP从兔和人红细胞的释放。
WO 08/098196描述了利用曲前列素治疗肺纤维化。但是肺纤维化是由肺中胶原蛋白纤维累积导致的间质肺疾病;肺吸入空气的能力受到限制:肺失去了顺应性,气道阻抗增加(顺应性=1/阻抗)。随着疾病发展,血管阻力也增加。曲前列素对肺纤维化的作用部位是脉管系统和肺泡中的间隙。
Tissieres等描述了利用伊洛前列素(iloprost)治疗患有囊性纤维化和继发性肺动脉高压的患者。据公开吸入的伊洛前列素能够有效降低肺动脉压(The annals of thoracic surgery,vol,78,no.3,E48-E50)。
US2001/006979A1描述了利用前列环素衍生物,比如伊洛前列素或西卡前列素(cicaprost)治疗纤维化疾病。
囊性纤维化与肺纤维化无关,因为前者是在支气管上皮中首先发病的疾病。由于缺乏CFTR,覆盖支气管上皮的粘液中水分太少,因此纤毛无法移动粘稠的粘液,粘膜纤毛清除被破坏(粘膜纤毛清除与传送带工作方式类似,纤毛以集中的方式有节奏地摆动从而将粘液送回到气管和咽喉,从这些地方再通过吞咽或咳嗽等被清除)。如果粘膜纤毛清除被破坏,细菌不能被从支气管除去,则支气管被细菌占据,肺部感染反复发作使肺受到损害。这种情况可以通过恢复支气管上皮的Cl-流得以补救。因此,在囊性纤维化中作用部位是支气管的气道上皮。作用部位在解剖学上是不同的(肺间质vs.支气管气道),涉及不同的细胞群(纤维母细胞、血管平滑肌细胞、内皮细胞vs.吸收和分泌性的支气管上皮细胞)并且估计涉及的受体也不同(前列环素受体相比于可能的EP2受体)。
目前,没有能够长期显著提高患者生活质量的囊性纤维化疗法。因此本发明的一个目的是提供能增强肺上皮细胞内ΔF508CFTR的表达和/或氯通道功能的治疗组合物。
发明概述:
通过提供用于预防或治疗囊性纤维化的组合物实现了本发明的目的,所述组合物包含前列环素或其类似物、衍生物或者药物可接受盐。
根据发明的具体实施方案,前列环素类似物选自曲前列素、伊洛前列素、西卡前列素或贝前列素(Beraprost)或者它们的可药用盐。
更具体地说,曲前列素衍生物可以选自曲前列素的酸衍生物、前药、缓释形式、吸入形式、口服形式、多晶型或者异构物。
本发明的组合物可以通过静脉内给药、吸入法来给予或者所述组合物可以处于选自片剂或胶囊的口服形式。
具体来说,所述组合物包含至少1.0ng/kg体重/min的有效量的曲前列素或其衍生物、可药用盐。
此外,根据本发明,还提供了试剂盒在治疗或预防个体中与囊性纤维化相关的状况中的用途,所述试剂盒包含(i)有效量的前列环素或前列环素类似物或衍生物或者其可药用盐,具体来说是曲前列素的可药用盐,(ii)一或多种可药用载体和/或添加剂,以及(iii)治疗或预防囊性纤维化的使用说明。
附图:
图1:与曲前列素温育后,IB3-1细胞中cAMP的累积。
图2:曲前列素激活瞬时表达CFTR-wt的人支气管上皮IB3-1细胞系中的Cl-电流。
发明详述
发明人惊奇地发现前列环素或其类似物或衍生物或者可药用盐可以用于治疗囊性纤维化。合成的前列环素类似物可以是例如,但不限于曲前列素、伊洛前列素、西卡前列素或贝前列素。
合适的前列环素衍生物包括,但不限于曲前列素、伊洛前列素、西卡前列素或贝前列素的酸衍生物、前药、缓释形式、吸入形式和口服形式。
本发明的前列腺素或前列腺素类似物的可药用盐可以由酸和所述化合物的碱性基团(比如氨基功能团)或者碱和所述化合物的酸性基团(比如羧基功能团)形成。根据另一个实施方案,化合物是药物性可接受的酸加成盐。
具体来说,曲前列素或其衍生物根据本发明是有用的。曲前列素成功地增强了囊性纤维化患者肺上皮细胞中的ΔF508CFTR的表达和/或氯通道功能。
具体来说,曲前列素的生理学可接受盐包括由碱衍生的盐。碱盐包括铵盐(比如季铵盐)、碱金属盐(比如钠和钾的盐)、碱土金属盐(比如钙和镁的盐)、带有有机碱(比如二环己基胺和N-甲基-D-葡糖胺)的盐,以及含有氨基酸(比如精氨酸和赖氨酸)的盐。
前列环素或其类似物或衍生物被令人惊讶地证明能够刺激支气管上皮细胞中cAMP的产生。该作用模式可能是经由诱导IP受体的活化。有趣的是,磷酸二酯酶抑制剂(PDE3抑制剂)-阿那格雷(Anagrelide)在试验中未能诱导任何cAMP的积累。
考虑到这种通过IP受体刺激cAMP产生的能力,和IP受体仅存在于少数细胞类型(比如肺上皮细胞),前列环素或其类似物(例如曲前列素或其衍生物或盐)可能能够以特异的方式诱导CFTR和mutCFTR的表达和控制,可以用于治疗CF。
因此本发明还涉及用于治疗囊性纤维化的组合物,所述组合物包含前列环素或前列环素类似物(特别是曲前列素或其衍生物),或者其可药用盐;以及使用前列环素或前列环素类似物(特别是曲前列素或其衍生物),或者其可药用盐进行的囊性纤维化的疗法。
曲前列素是前列环素的合成类似物。曲前列素以RemodulinTM出售。曲前列腺素是(1R,2R,3aS,9aS)-[[2,3,3a,4,9,9a-六氢-2-羟基-1-[(3S)-3-辛羟基]-1H-苯[f]茚-5-yl]氧]醋酸单钠盐。
根据本发明,曲前列素的衍生物可以是例如曲前列素的酸衍生物、曲前列素的前药、曲前列素的缓释形式、曲前列素的吸入形式、曲前列素的口服形式、曲前列素的多晶型或者曲前列素的异构物。
本发明的组合物可以处于任何可用于给药的形式。
发明的组合物可以作为液体或粉末给予。可以通过局部、静脉内、皮下、通过吸入或者通过使用喷雾器给予,或者处于诸如片剂或胶囊的经口形式。由于某些前列环素(比如曲前列素)的高度代谢稳定性,或者如果提供为前列环素或前列环素类似物的脂基或聚乙二醇化形式,所述物质也可以作为长效药物给予。
前列环素类似物的气雾化递送可能导致药剂在肺中更均质地分布,从而能够实现深度肺递送。这样可以减少用药剂量保证药剂在肺中的作用部位持续存在即可。
组合物可以与本领域已知的任何可药用的物质或载体或赋形剂一起给予。这些可以是例如,但不限于水、诸如NaOH和KOH的中和剂、稳定剂、DMSO、盐水、甜菜碱、牛磺酸等。
名词“可药用的”意味着被联邦或州政府的管理机构批准或者在美国上市的。
名词“载体”是指与药物组合物一同给予的稀释剂、佐剂、赋形剂或媒介物。盐溶液和水性右旋糖和甘油溶液也可以作为液态载体,特别是作为注射液的载体。合适的赋形剂包括淀粉、葡萄糖、乳糖、蔗糖、明胶、麦芽、大米、面粉、白垩、硅胶、硬脂酸钠、甘油单硬脂酸酯、滑石、氯化钠、干燥的脱脂奶、甘油、丙烯、乙二醇、水、乙醇等等。合适的药物载体的例子在E.W.Martin的《Remington′s Pharmaceutical Sciences》中有描述。配方应当根据给药模式来选择。
曲前列素具有高度的代谢稳定性,这使它可以通过各种不同途径进行给药。
任何本领域技术人员均可选择出本发明组合物的量,优选前列环素或前列环素类似物或者它们的可药用盐的量,特别是曲前列素的量是至少1.0ng/kg体重/min。
发明还提供了治疗或预防个体中与囊性纤维化相关的状况的试剂盒,所述试剂盒包含(i)有效量的前列环素或前列环素类似物或衍生物或者其可药用盐,(ii)一或多种可药用载体和/或添加剂,以及(iii)治疗或预防囊性纤维化的使用说明。
根据发明的实施方案,所述包含(i)有效量的前列环素或前列环素类似物或衍生物或者其可药用盐,(ii)一或多种可药用载体和/或添加剂,以及(iii)治疗或预防囊性纤维化的使用说明的试剂盒是用于给个体,优选人治疗或预防与囊性纤维化相关的状况。
所述成分(i)可以处于适合静脉内、吸入或口服给药的形式。所述成分(i)可以处于适合静脉内、吸入或口服给药的形式。
更具体地说,本发明提供了试剂盒在给个体,优选人治疗或预防与囊性纤维化相关的状况中的用途,所述试剂盒包含(i)有效量的前列环素或前列环素类似物或衍生物或者其可药用盐,(ii)一或多种可药用载体和/或添加剂,以及(iii)治疗或预防囊性纤维化的使用说明。
更具体地说,成分(i)是曲前列素的可药用盐。
根据关于试剂盒用途的特定实施方案,成分(i)处于适合静脉内、吸入或口服给药的形式。
本文描述的实施例用于对本发明进行阐述,但不是对发明的限制。根据发明描述了本发明的不同实施方案。在不脱离发明精神和范围的情况下,可以对本文描述和展示的技术进行多种改动和变化。因此,应当理解实施例仅用于阐述,而不是对发明范围的限制。
实施例
实施例1:
将IB3-1细胞接种到6孔板(0.2*106细胞/孔)中的完全生长培养基(LHC-8+5%FCS)中。第二天,通过与含有腺苷脱氨酶(1单位/ml)的Dulbecco’sModified Eagle Medium(DMEM)中的[3H]腺嘌呤(1μCi/孔)温育4小时,对腺嘌呤核苷酸集合进行代谢标记。用20μM毛喉素或PGI2类似物-曲前列素刺激cAMP的形成。试验一式三份进行。
[3H]cAMP的形成通过在Dowex 50WX-4和中性氧化铝(alumina)柱子上顺序进行层析,然后对洗脱液进行液体闪烁计数来确定。
曲前列素导致cAMP在IB3-1细胞中浓度依赖性地积累(图1)。半最大刺激出现在0.3到1μM的范围内。
实施例2:
IB3-1细胞内源表达突变的CFTR-ΔF508,该蛋白滞留在细胞内。利用合适的操作(例如药物分子伴侣或低温温育),有可能将突变体CFTR-ΔF508从内质网转运到ER;当插入到细胞表面时,通过提高cAMP可以刺激Cl-电导。但是得到的Cl-电导很小。为了清楚地证明曲前列素诱导的cAMP累积转化为了CFTR的活化,我们瞬时表达了带GFP标签的野生型CFTR(GFP标签使得能够识别在细胞表面表达该蛋白的细胞)。由图2可以看出,曲前列素导致从-40mV钳制电压到+60mV的去极化引起电流强劲活化。最大效应被延迟,即仅在充盈(wash-in)化合物后的数秒内观察到。类似地,在转折反应中也有滞后;只在廓清(washout)后约100秒时电流才衰减到基础水平。这些延迟的反应反映了(i)介入性的信号传递级联反应(即GS的受体依赖性激活、cAMP形成的GαS依赖性激活和接踵而至的CFTR的蛋白激酶A依赖性磷酸化)和(ii)磷酸二酯酶对增加的cAMP的去活化被延迟。如果细胞用毛喉素(腺苷酰环化酶的直接激活剂,作为阳性对照)刺激,可以看到类似的延迟现象。这些观察结果证明,曲前列素可以活化支气管上皮细胞中的CFTR。
方法:
电生理学
全细胞膜片钳技术用于在22±1.5℃下用Axoclamp 200B膜片钳放大器(Axon Instruments)进行电流记录。当充入记录电极液(组成:110mM CsCl,5mM EGTA,2mM MgCl2,1mM K2.ATP,10mM Hepes,pH用CsOH调节至7.2)时,电极的电阻在1和2MΩ之间。电压钳试验方案和数据获取用pclamp6.0软件(Axon Instruments)进行。数据在2kHz(-3dB)进行低通滤过,在10-20kHz数字化。细胞持续用外溶液(组成:145mM NaCl,4.5mM KCl,2mMCaCl2,1mM MgCl2,5mM葡萄糖,10mM Hepes,pH用NaOH调节至7.4)灌注。指明的情况中,外溶液含有曲前列素(10μM)或毛喉素(5μM),通过电控压力阀实现溶液间的转换。
细胞培养:
I3B-1细胞生长在平板(Nunc,3.5em直径)上,平板覆盖含有5%胎牛血清(FCS)的LHC-8培养基(Gibco)中的纤连蛋白(10μg/mL)大鼠胶原蛋白I(30μg/mL)和BSA 10μg/mL)。按照制造商的说明,用Lipofectamine(Invitrogen)将引导带有GFP标签的人野生型CFTR表达的质粒瞬时转染给细胞。
记录+60mV时的全细胞膜片钳中的代表性的电流幅度。在荧光下挑选表达带有GFP标签的野生型CFTR的瞬时转染IB3-1细胞,夹在-40mV的钳制电压下。将电压阶跃到+60mV 50ms诱导去极化,记录电流幅度。曲前列素(10μM终浓度,TP)充盈始于时间点50s,止于125s。毛喉素在275s充盈,在375s去除。结果如图2所示。
Claims (12)
1.用于预防或治疗囊性纤维化的组合物,其包含前列环素或其类似物或衍生物或可药用盐。
2.权利要求1的组合物,其中所述前列环素类似物选自曲前列素、伊洛前列素、西卡前列素或贝前列素或者它们的衍生物或可药用盐。
3.权利要求1或2的组合物,其中所述衍生物选自曲前列素的酸衍生物、曲前列素的前药、曲前列素的缓释形式、曲前列素的吸入形式、曲前列素的口服形式、曲前列素的多晶型或者曲前列素的异构物。
4.用于静脉内给药的权利要求1-3中任一项的组合物。
5.用于吸入的权利要求1-3中任一项的组合物。
6.权利要求1-3中任一项的组合物,其中所述组合物为选自片剂或胶囊的口服形式。
7.权利要求1-3中任一项的组合物,其中曲前列素或其衍生物或其可药用盐的有效量是至少1.0ng/kg体重/min。
8.试剂盒在治疗或预防个体中与囊性纤维化相关的状况中的用途,所述试剂盒包含(i)有效量的前列环素或前列环素类似物或衍生物或者其可药用盐,(ii)一或多种可药用载体和/或添加剂,以及(iii)在囊性纤维化的治疗或预防中使用的说明。
9.权利要求8的用途,其中成分(i)是曲前列素的可药用盐。
10.权利要求8或9的用途,其中成分(i)为适合静脉内给药的形式。
11.权利要求8或9中任一项的用途,其中成分(i)为适合吸入的形式。
12.权利要求8或9中任一项的用途,其中成分(i)为适合口服的形式。
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