CN102522927A - Motor soft start and dynamic reactive power compensation method - Google Patents
Motor soft start and dynamic reactive power compensation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a motor soft start and dynamic reactive power compensation method which is characterized in that soft start and dynamic reactive power compensation of a motor are combined to share a full-control device; the reactive power compensation consists of dynamic reactive power compensation and static reactive power compensation; the soft start consists of a rectification module, a filter circuit and an inverter module; through a controller and a signal detection module, the inverter module is controlled to realize frequency-conversion voltage-regulation output, so that the soft start of the motor can achieve the requirements of small current and large torque; during the dynamic reactive power compensation, the rectification module is removed, and the full-control device is controlled to realize the dynamic reactive power compensation according to the reactive power condition; and the investment or removal of a fixed capacitance is controlled by utilizing a power switch, the static reactive power compensation is realized. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of small start current, large torque, safety and reliability in start, rapid reactive power compensation and accuracy in tracking, and the whole device cost is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electric machine soft starting and dynamic passive compensation control technology field, the design of particularly a kind of electric machine soft starting and dynamic reactive compensating method.
Background technology
In the application of reality, the compensation of the reactive power in-situ of motor adopts electric capacity that the level compensation is arranged mostly, promptly only divides several grades such as heavy duty, underloading, can not follow the tracks of load variations and realize dynamic compensation.And during the operation of most of motors, load is all changing at any time.For improving the power factor of motor, reduce the influence of motor operation to electrical network, reduce line loss, realize energy-saving effect, be necessary motor is carried out dynamic passive compensation.
The motor auxiliary starter method of using now mainly is the new-style electronic soft-starting method, comprises that thyristor exchanges pressure regulation soft-starting method, classification AC/AC (alternating current) variable-frequency soft-starting method and universal frequency converter soft-starting method.Thyristor exchanges the pressure regulation soft-starting method, can only be applied to the occasion of empty load of motor or light start.Classification AC/AC (alternating current) variable-frequency soft-starting method can solve the soft start problem of motor basically, but its harmonic problem and frequency transition problem requires study; The universal frequency converter soft-starting method can ideally solve the electric machine soft starting problem, but it costs an arm and a leg, and is very uneconomical as soft start.
If electric machine soft starting and dynamic passive compensation are combined, use full-control type device in the frequency converter jointly.When starting, the full-control type device is made frequency converter and is used, treat electric motor starting after, then make dynamic reactive power compensation usefulness, can ideally solve the problem of electric machine soft starting and dynamic passive compensation like this.Number of patent application is: 201110004360.5, " soft starter for motor device and control method that a kind of idle benefit of holding concurrently is tasted " disclosed.This patent application to the idle benefit of motor taste with soft start be feasible, but this application is provided with three-phase phase-shifting transformer and several rectification modules, thus this device power consumption big with the installation cost height.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of electric machine soft starting and dynamic reactive compensating method, this type of device reaches same effect to overcome at present, but the high shortcoming of cost.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose, a kind of electric machine soft starting provided by the invention and dynamic reactive compensating method, concrete technical scheme is: the soft start and the dynamic passive compensation of motor are combined, use one group of full-control type device jointly; Described reactive power compensation is made up of dynamic passive compensation and static reactive power compensation two parts; Described soft start is made up of rectification module, filter circuit and inversion module three parts; Through controller and the signal detection module that is provided with, to the control of inversion module, realize frequency conversion voltage adjusting output, make electric machine soft starting reach the little and big requirement of torque of electric current; When dynamic passive compensation,, realize dynamic passive compensation according to idle situation control full-control type device with the rectification module excision; The input or the excision that utilize power switch to control one group of fixed capacity amount realize static reactive power compensation.
Structure of the present invention comprises three threephase switches 1,2 and 3 and two single-phase switchs 4 and 5 of rectification module output of three phase mains Va, Vb and Vc, also is provided with rectification module, electric capacity, inversion module, static reactive power compensation electric capacity, filter inductance and signal detection module and controller; This rectification module is the full bridge rectifier that is made up of Power Diode Pumped; This electric capacity is electrochemical capacitor; This inversion module comprises the full-control type device of full-bridge connection and the fly-wheel diode of fast quick-recovery; This full-control type device adopts all-controlling power electronics devices such as IGBT or IGCT; This static reactive power compensation electric capacity is electric capacitor; This switch can be power switches such as contactor; The master chip of controller can use digital signal processing chips such as TMS320F28335, and the concrete grammar step is:
One. during starting; Controller breaks off switch 1,3 earlier and switch 2,4 and 5 is connected; Signal detection module carries out synchronous detecting to desired signal and delivers in the controller, and controller is controlled inversion module based on detected data; The output of realization frequency conversion voltage adjusting makes motor realize that electric current is little, change short big soft start;
Two. controller judges based on detected data whether electric motor starting is accomplished; If starting is accomplished; This controller breaks off switch 2 and the full-control type device that stops in inversion module sends drive control signal, simultaneously switch 1 is connected, and makes motor get into normal running status;
Three. after motor gets into normal operating condition, begin motor is carried out reactive power compensation; Earlier switch 3 is connected through controller, dropped into static reactive power compensation electric capacity, realize static reactive power compensation; Then switch 4 and 5 is broken off the excision rectification module; Treat that system running state is stable, controller goes out required dynamic passive compensation capacity according to detected data computation, and the full-control type device in inversion module sends drive control signal, the realization dynamic passive compensation.
Structural relation of the present invention: described three phase mains is connected with motor M with threephase switch 3 one ends, three-phase filter inductance one end respectively through switch 1; These threephase switch 3 other ends are connected with three phase static reactive power compensation electric capacity; Be connected with the three phase rectifier module through three-phase power switch 2 again; And rectification module output two ends are connected with inversion module 7 inputs with the electric capacity two ends respectively with 5 through single-phase switch 4; The three-phase output end of this inversion module is connected with the three-phase filter inductance other end respectively; This signal detection module becomes detected voltage, electric current, tach signal delivers to controller; The control signal of controller output is connected in each switch and the full-control type device.
Circuit of the present invention comprises the 4th and the 5th single-phase contactor K4 and K5 of first, second and the 3rd three-phase contactor K1, K2 and K3 and rectification module output on three phase mains Ua, Ub and the Uc; This three phase mains Ua, Ub and Uc are connected with three phase electric machine M with the 3rd three-phase contactor K3 one end, three-phase filter inductance L one end respectively through the first three-phase contactor K1, and the 3rd three-phase contactor K3 other end is connected with the three phase static reactive power compensation capacitor C 3 of Y-connection respectively; This three phase mains Va, Vb and Vc are connected with G with the 3rd node E, F with first, second of three phase rectifier module 6 input respectively through the second three-phase contactor K2 again; And the two-end-point A of three phase rectifier module 6 outputs is connected with K5 one end with the 5th single-phase contactor K4 with the 4th with B, and the other end of single-phase contactor K4 and K5 is connected with D with the input two-end-point C of inversion module 7; Be connected in parallel on capacitor C 1 and the C2 that inversion module 7 is imported two-end-point C and D again after also having series connection; The the 4th, the 5th of this inversion module 7 three-phases output is connected with the three-phase filter inductance L other end respectively with the 6th node H, J and K; During operation; Threephase potential transformer TV1 is with the voltage transmission of the electrical network input pin 8,9 and 10 to controller; Threephase current transformer TA1 delivers to the electrorheological of electrical network input the pin 11,12 and 13 of controller; Threephase current transformer TA2 delivers to the electrorheological of inversion module 7 outputs the pin 26,27 and 28 of controller; Threephase potential transformer TV2 is the voltage transmission of the inversion module 7 output pin 29,30 and 31 to controller, and little module MC delivers to the pin 19 of controller with the change of dc capacitor voltage, and speed probe S delivers to motor speed the pin 32 of controller; The pin 14,15,16,17 and 18 of controller transmits control signal to each contactor; The pin 20,21,22,23,24 and 25 of controller sends drive control signal to six full-control type device IGBT respectively.
Adopt the present invention of above-mentioned measure to have that starting current is little, torque is big, start safe and reliablely, the advantage of single unit system cost is quick and precisely followed the tracks of and is reduced in reactive power compensation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structured flowchart of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of the present invention.
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is done further detailed explanation
Embodiment
The specific embodiment of the invention: the soft start and the dynamic passive compensation of motor are combined, use one group of full-control type device jointly; This reactive power compensation is made up of dynamic passive compensation and static reactive power compensation two parts; This soft start is made up of rectification module, filter circuit and inversion module three parts; Through controller and the signal detection module that is provided with, the control realization frequency conversion voltage adjusting output to inversion module makes electric machine soft starting reach the little and big requirement of torque of electric current; When dynamic passive compensation,, realize dynamic passive compensation according to idle situation control full-control type device again with the rectification module excision; The input or the excision that utilize power switch to control one group of fixed capacity amount realize static reactive power compensation.
Reference diagram; Fig. 1 is a structured flowchart of the present invention; From figure, can find out concrete structure of the present invention; Comprise three threephase switches 1,2 and 3 and two single-phase switchs 4 and 5 of rectification module output of three phase mains Va, Vb and Vc, also be provided with rectification module, electric capacity, inversion module, static reactive power compensation electric capacity, filter inductance and signal detection module and controller; This rectification module is the full bridge rectifier that is made up of Power Diode Pumped; This electric capacity is electrochemical capacitor; This inversion module comprises the full-control type device of full-bridge connection and the fly-wheel diode of fast quick-recovery; This full-control type device adopts all-controlling power electronics devices such as IGBT or IGCT; This static reactive power compensation electric capacity is electric capacitor; This switch can be power switches such as contactor; The master chip of controller can use digital signal processing chips such as TMS320F28335.The concrete grammar step is:
One. during starting; Controller breaks off switch 1 and 3 earlier and switch 2,4 and 5 is connected; Signal detection module carries out synchronous detecting to desired signal and delivers in the controller, and controller is controlled inversion module based on detected data; The output of realization frequency conversion voltage adjusting makes motor realize the soft start that electric current is little, torque is big;
Two. controller judges based on detected data whether electric motor starting is accomplished; If starting is accomplished; This controller breaks off switch 2 and the full-control type device that stops in inversion module sends drive control signal, simultaneously switch 1 is connected, and makes motor get into normal running status;
Three. after motor gets into normal operating condition, begin motor is carried out reactive power compensation.Earlier switch 3 is connected through controller, dropped into static reactive power compensation electric capacity, realize static reactive power compensation; Control then switch 4 and 5 is broken off, the excision rectification module; Treat that system running state is stable, controller goes out required dynamic passive compensation capacity according to detected data computation, and the full-control type device in inversion module sends drive control signal, the realization dynamic passive compensation.
Structure annexation of the present invention is: this three phase mains is connected with motor M with threephase switch 3 one ends, three-phase filter inductance one end respectively through switch 1; These threephase switch 3 other ends are connected with three phase static reactive power compensation electric capacity; Be connected with the three phase rectifier module through three-phase power switch 2 again; And rectification module output two ends are connected with inversion module 7 inputs with the electric capacity two ends respectively with 5 through single-phase switch 4; The three-phase output end of this inversion module 7 is connected with the three-phase filter inductance other end respectively; This signal detection module becomes required voltage, electric current, tach signal to be delivered in the controller; The control signal of controller output is connected in each switch and the full-control type device.
With reference to figure 2, Fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of the present invention, and this controller master chip adopts the TMS320F28335 digital signal processing chip among the figure; Rectification module 6 is to realize that with the full-bridge circuit that six Power Diode Pumped VD constitute the full-control type device V1 to V6 in the inversion module 7 can use IGBT full-control type device, and each full-control type device all and the fly-wheel diode VD1 to VD6 of a fast quick-recovery arranged; The TV1 voltage transformer is the grid side voltage transformer; TA1 is the grid side current transformer, and TA2 is the motor side current transformer, and TV2 is the motor side voltage transformer; MC is the dc capacitor voltage detection module, and S is a speed probe.Circuit of the present invention comprises first, second and the 3rd three-phase contactor K1, K2 and K3 and the 4th and the 5th single-phase contactor K4 and K5 on the three phase mains; This three phase mains Ua, Ub and Uc are connected with three phase electric machine M with the 3rd three-phase contactor K3 one end, three-phase filter inductance L one end respectively through the first three-phase contactor K1, and the 3rd three-phase contactor K3 other end is connected with the three phase static reactive power compensation capacitor C 3 of Y-connection respectively; This three phase mains Va, Vb and Vc are connected with G with the 3rd node E, F with first, second of three phase rectifier module 6 input respectively through the second three-phase contactor K2 again; And the two-end-point A of three phase rectifier module 6 outputs is connected with K5 one end with the 5th single-phase contactor K4 with the 4th with B, and the other end of single-phase contactor K4 and K5 is connected with D with the input two-end-point C of inversion module 7; Be connected in parallel on capacitor C 1 and the C2 that inversion module 7 is imported two-end-point C and D again after also having series connection; The the 4th, the 5th of this inversion module 7 three-phases output is connected with the three-phase filter inductance L other end respectively with the 6th node H, J and K; During operation; Threephase potential transformer TV1 is with the voltage transmission of the electrical network input pin 8,9 and 10 to controller; Threephase current transformer TA1 delivers to the electrorheological of electrical network input the pin 11,12 and 13 of controller; Threephase current transformer TA2 delivers to the electrorheological of inversion module 7 outputs the pin 26,27 and 28 of controller; Threephase potential transformer TV2 is the voltage transmission of the inversion module 7 output pin 29,30 and 31 to controller, and little module MC delivers to the pin 19 of controller with the change of dc capacitor voltage, and speed probe S delivers to motor speed the pin 32 of controller; The pin 14,15,16,17 and 18 of controller transmits control signal to each contactor; The pin 20,21,22,23,24 and 25 of controller sends drive control signal to six full-control type device IGBT respectively.
Motor is in the starting operation process, and controller carries out real-time synchronous detecting to desired signal, in real time each device accurately being controlled, realizes the operation of motor safety economic stability.When starting; Controller sends control signal to each contactor; Three-phase contactor K1 and K3 are broken off, and three-phase contactor K2 and single-phase contactor K4 and K5 connect respectively, and controller sends drive control signal according to the IGBT full-control type device of data in inversion module 7 of signal detection module again; Frequency conversion voltage adjusting required when reaching electric machine soft starting is exported, and realizes the variable frequency soft start of motor.Controller is sent signal back to according to current transformer TA2, voltage transformer TV2 and speed probe S and is judged whether starting is accomplished; If starting is accomplished; Controller sends connects the first three-phase contactor K1 and the control signal of breaking off the second three-phase contactor K2; Stop simultaneously sending drive control signal to six IGBT, motor M gets into normal operating condition.After accomplishing the starting conversion, send the connection control signal, drop into three phase static reactive power compensation capacitor C 3, realize the static compensation of reactive power to the 3rd three-phase contactor K3; At the same time; Send the disconnection control signal to single-phase contactor K4, K5; Excision rectification module 6, after voltage and current signal to be measured got into stable state, controller was according to detected idle situation; Full-control type device IGBT in inversion module 7 sends drive control signal, through the compensation of capacitor C 1 with C2 realization dynamic reactive power.
The present invention can select the economical and practical electric machine soft starting and the reactive power compensator of the supporting formation of device of respective volume according to the different capabilities of motor.Application of the present invention is not limited to this example.
Be that 50KW, rated voltage are that the motor of 220/380V is the selection that example is described further each device parameters of main circuit below with rated power; Diode parameters is chosen as in the rectification module: 600V rated; Rated current 100A, the maximum current that can bear are 600A; Inversion module 7 selects to comprise the IPM module of IGBT pipe, fly-wheel diode and triggering drive circuit, and the parameter of IGBT pipe wherein is chosen as: rated voltage is 1200V, and rated current is 300A; Filter capacitor C1 and C2 adopt the electrochemical capacitor of 450V/10000 μ F; The electric capacity that static reactive power compensation capacitor C 3 is used is electric power self-healing electric capacity, and the reactive power capacity when its capacity is the empty load of motor operation, dynamic passive compensation capacity are the fully loaded reactive power capacity that moves when the reactive power capacity deducts no-load running when going of motor; The every compatible amount of inductance is 2% of a dynamic passive compensation capacity.
Claims (4)
1. electric machine soft starting and dynamic reactive compensating method is characterized in that: the soft start and the dynamic passive compensation of motor are combined, use one group of full-control type device jointly; This reactive power compensation is made up of dynamic passive compensation and static reactive power compensation two parts; This soft start is made up of rectification module, filter circuit and inversion module three parts; Through controller and the signal detection module that is provided with, the control realization frequency conversion voltage adjusting output to inversion module makes electric machine soft starting reach the little and big requirement of torque of electric current; When dynamic passive compensation,, realize dynamic passive compensation according to idle situation control full-control type device with the rectification module excision; The input or the excision that utilize power switch to control one group of fixed capacity amount realize static reactive power compensation.
2. a kind of electric machine soft starting according to claim 1 and dynamic reactive compensating method; Comprise three threephase switches (1,2 and 3) of three phase mains (Va, Vb and Vc) and two single-phase switchs (4 and 5) of rectification module output; It is characterized in that: also be provided with rectification module, electric capacity, inversion module, static reactive power compensation electric capacity, filter inductance and signal detection module and controller; This rectification module is the full bridge rectifier that is made up of Power Diode Pumped; This electric capacity is electrochemical capacitor; This inversion module comprises the full-control type device of full-bridge connection and the fly-wheel diode of fast quick-recovery; This full-control type device adopts all-controlling power electronics devices such as IGBT or IGCT; This static reactive power compensation electric capacity is electric capacitor; This switch can be power switches such as contactor; The master chip of controller can use digital signal processing chips such as TMS320F28335, and the concrete grammar step is:
One. during starting; Controller breaks off switch (1 and 3) earlier and switch (2,4 and 5) is connected; Signal detection module carries out synchronous detecting to desired signal and delivers in the controller, and controller is controlled inversion module based on detected data; The output of realization frequency conversion voltage adjusting makes motor realize the soft start that electric current is little, torque is big;
Two. controller judges based on detected data whether electric motor starting is accomplished; If starting is accomplished; This controller breaks off switch (2) and the full-control type device that stops in inversion module sends drive control signal, simultaneously switch (1) is connected, and makes motor get into normal running status;
Three. after motor gets into normal operating condition, begin motor is carried out reactive power compensation, earlier switch (3) is connected, drop into static reactive power compensation electric capacity, realize static reactive power compensation through controller; Control then switch (4 and 5) is broken off, the excision rectification module; Treat that system running state is stable, controller goes out required dynamic passive compensation capacity according to detected data computation, and the full-control type device in inversion module sends drive control signal, the realization dynamic passive compensation.
3. a kind of electric machine soft starting according to claim 1 and dynamic reactive compensating method is characterized in that: described three phase mains is connected with threephase switch (3) one ends, three-phase filter inductance one end and motor (M) respectively through switch (1); This threephase switch (3) other end is connected with three phase static reactive power compensation electric capacity; Be connected with the three phase rectifier module through three-phase power switch (2) again; And rectification module output two ends are connected with inversion module (7) input with the electric capacity two ends respectively through single-phase switch (4 and 5); The three-phase output end of this inversion module is connected with the three-phase filter inductance other end respectively; This signal detection module becomes required voltage, electric current, tach signal to be delivered in the controller; The control signal of controller output is connected in each switch and the full-control type device.
4. a kind of electric machine soft starting according to claim 1 and dynamic reactive compensating method; Comprise first, second the 4th and the 5th single-phase contactor (K4 and K5) exported with the 3rd three-phase contactor (K1, K2 and K3) and rectification module on the three phase mains; It is characterized in that: described three phase mains (Ua, Ub and Uc) is connected with three phase electric machine M with the 3rd three-phase contactor (K3) end, three-phase filter inductance (L) end respectively through first three-phase contactor (K1), and the 3rd three-phase contactor (K3) other end is connected with the three phase static reactive power compensation electric capacity (C3) of Y-connection respectively; This three phase mains (Va, Vb and Vc) is connected with G with the 3rd node E, F with first, second of three phase rectifier module (6) input respectively through second three-phase contactor (K2) again; And the two-end-point A of three phase rectifier module (6) output is connected with the 5th single-phase contactor (K4 and K5) end with the 4th with B, and the other end of single-phase contactor (K4 and K5) is connected with D with the input two-end-point C of inversion module (7); Be connected in parallel on the electric capacity (C1 and C2) that inversion module (7) is imported two-end-point C and D again after also having series connection; The the 4th, the 5th of this inversion module (7) three-phase output is connected with three-phase filter inductance (L) other end respectively with the 6th node H, J and K; During operation; Threephase potential transformer (TV1) is with the voltage transmission of the electrical network input pin (8,9 and 10) to controller; The pin (11,12 and 13) of controller delivered to the electrorheological of electrical network input by threephase current transformer (TA1); The pin (26,27 and 28) of controller delivered to the electrorheological of inversion module (7) output by threephase current transformer (TA2); Threephase potential transformer (TV2) is the voltage transmission of inversion module (7) the output pin (29,30 and 31) to controller, and little module (MC) is delivered to the pin (19) of controller with the change of dc capacitor voltage, and the pin (32) of controller delivered to motor speed by speed probe (S); The pin of controller (14,15,16,17 and 18) transmits control signal to each contactor; The pin of controller (20,21,22,23,24 and 25) sends drive control signal to six full-control type device IGBT respectively.
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CN102751925A (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2012-10-24 | 北京工业大学 | Cage type rotor permanent magnetic synchro motor starting device and control method |
CN103401485A (en) * | 2013-08-20 | 2013-11-20 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Variable frequency starting and reactive compensation integrated control device of high-power induction machine |
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CN102751925A (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2012-10-24 | 北京工业大学 | Cage type rotor permanent magnetic synchro motor starting device and control method |
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CN103401485A (en) * | 2013-08-20 | 2013-11-20 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Variable frequency starting and reactive compensation integrated control device of high-power induction machine |
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CN107249824A (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2017-10-13 | 日立工机株式会社 | Electric tool |
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