CN102505473B - Anti-scald textile and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing anti-scald textiles, which is characterized in that it comprises the following steps: in a solvent, under anaerobic conditions and protection of an inert gas, irradiating textiles and grafted monomers to make the textiles And the grafting monomer undergoes a co-irradiation grafting reaction to obtain an anti-scald textile; wherein the grafting monomer is a compound with temperature-sensitive properties that will change from hydrophilic to hydrophobic above 32°C . The invention also discloses an anti-scald textile made by the method. The preparation method of the invention is easy to operate, greatly prolongs the durability of the anti-scald effect of the textile, and simultaneously reduces the thickness of the anti-scald textile to a relatively low level. The anti-scald textile of the present invention can realize the anti-scald effect on the premise of retaining the skin-friendly property and water permeability of the textile itself. Moreover, the anti-scald textile of the present invention can be used repeatedly, and can maintain a good anti-scald effect.

Description

A kind of anti-scald textile and preparation method thereof

technical field

The method relates to a finishing method of textiles, in particular to a temperature-sensitive and anti-scald textile and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

In daily life and work, burns often occur. Especially after the textile is soaked, the residue of high temperature water contacts with the skin and further aggravates the burn. Therefore, it is imminent to develop anti-scald textiles.

At present, the main method of textile anti-scalding is to thicken the thickness of textiles and adopt special functional finishing, mainly adopt composite textiles, that is, textile lining or outer covering heat insulation layer. The thermal insulation layer of composite textiles mainly includes the following types: nanoporous thermal insulation materials, inorganic mineral fiber thermal insulation materials, and organic-metal composite materials.

For general textiles, anti-scald is mainly to thicken its thickness and reduce heat conduction, so as to achieve the purpose of anti-scald. The resulting problem is exactly that it is inconvenient to wear and use because the fabric is too thick. For composite textiles, nanoporous thermal insulation materials mainly use silicon and xonotlite, which have excellent thermal insulation effects. The disadvantage of this type of material is poor wear resistance; for inorganic mineral fiber thermal insulation materials, there are mainly Quartz fiber cotton, aluminum silicate fiber cotton, carbon fiber cotton and graphite fiber cotton, etc. These materials have the advantages of light texture and high temperature resistance, but the thickness of these materials is relatively large; for organic-metal composite materials, it is mainly the resistance The high-temperature polymer is coated on the metal surface, and then compounded with other materials to form a composite material. The main problem of this type of material is that the high-temperature-resistant polymer is easy to fall off, and the anti-scald performance is not durable. Therefore, providing a textile modification method with better durability and smaller thickness will definitely improve the functional application space of textiles.

For the finishing methods of textiles, there are mainly mechanical finishing, such as fixed-width finishing, mechanical feel finishing and anti-shrink finishing, shape memory finishing, such as wet cross-linking, ion cross-linking, etc., special function finishing, such as water-repellent and oil-repellent finishing , flame retardant finishing, hygienic finishing, etc. (Rong Li, KeLu Yan, Latest Development of Textile Finishing Technologies Overseas, China Textile Leader, 2009.No.5, 75～78). Mechanical finishing refers to the application of mechanical methods to give fabrics various special feel, appearance and shape; shape memory finishing refers to the application of crosslinking agents for crosslinking, so that the fabric has the function of maintaining a flat appearance and recovering from wrinkles; special functional finishing refers to the application of Physical, chemical or physicochemical methods combine functional polymers with fabrics to make fabrics have special functions.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the existing anti-scald textiles which are too thick to be used or worn, or the textiles and composite textiles that have been physically arranged have poor wear resistance, and the anti-scald effect is not durable, etc., providing A new anti-scald textile and its preparation method. The preparation method of the present invention is easy to operate, and the functional polymer is chemically bonded to the surface of the textile by using the irradiation grafting method, which greatly prolongs the durability of the anti-scald effect of the textile, and at the same time reduces the thickness of the anti-scald textile to a minimum level. The anti-scald textile of the present invention can realize the anti-scald effect on the premise of retaining the skin-friendly property and water permeability of the textile itself. Moreover, the anti-scald textile of the present invention can be used repeatedly, and can maintain a good anti-scald effect.

The invention provides a method for preparing anti-scald textiles, which comprises the following steps: irradiating textiles and grafted monomers in a solvent under anaerobic conditions and inert gas protection to make the textiles and the grafted Grafting monomers undergo a co-irradiation grafting reaction to obtain scald-resistant textiles; wherein the grafting monomers are monomers with temperature-sensitive properties, and the temperature-sensitive properties described in the present invention refer to when the temperature is above 32 ° C. The compound converted from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, that is, the compound having an alkenyl group and both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups, is preferably N-isopropylacrylamide and/or N-ethylacrylamide.

In the present invention, the textiles refer to products prepared from various natural fibers and/or man-made fibers. In the present invention, there is no special requirement for the textiles, and they can be various conventional commercially available textiles. Wherein, the natural fiber is preferably one or more of cotton fiber, hemp fiber, silk fiber and wool fiber, more preferably cotton fiber and/or hemp fiber, but not limited thereto. The man-made fibers are preferably one or more of nylon fibers, polyester fibers and polypropylene fibers, but are not limited thereto.

In the present invention, the textiles are preferably pretreated, which is a conventional pretreatment method in the art, to clean the textiles and remove impurities in the textiles. The pretreatment method is preferably to extract the textile with acetone, wash it with water and then dry it.

In the present invention, described solvent is the conventionally used solvent of this type of reaction in this field, is preferably water and/or the monohydric alcohol of carbon atom number 1-3 (such as a kind of in methanol, ethanol and isopropanol etc. or more).

In the present invention, the mass/volume ratio of the graft monomer to the solvent is preferably 1-50 g/100 mL, more preferably 5-30 g/100 mL, most preferably 10-20 g/100 mL. Within the mass/volume ratio range, the original water permeability of the textile can be maintained, and the water permeability of the textile will not decrease significantly after the grafting reaction.

In the present invention, the solvent may also contain a polymerization inhibitor, which is selected from various conventional polymerization inhibitors of this type of reaction, such as ferrous ammonium sulfate and/or copper sulfate. The content of the polymerization inhibitor is a conventional amount for this type of reaction in the art, preferably below 4 mmol/L solvent.

In the present invention, the oxygen-free conditions can be obtained by conventional methods in the art, generally vacuumizing after degassing. Wherein, the degassing can be carried out by conventional methods in the art, such as ultrasonic vibration degassing, which can be carried out in an ultrasonic cleaning machine, but is not limited thereto.

In the present invention, the co-irradiation grafting reaction can be carried out using conventional irradiation grafting reaction conditions in the art. The radiation source of the co-irradiation grafting reaction is preferably a cobalt source. The irradiation dose of the co-irradiation grafting reaction is preferably 5kGy-50kGy, more preferably 15kGy-30kGy.

After the co-irradiation grafting reaction of the present invention is completed, post-treatment is preferably performed to remove ungrafted grafted monomers and homopolymers of the grafted monomers. Described aftertreatment preferably carries out by following steps: get final product with solvent extraction anti-scald textile; Described solvent is the solvent that can dissolve the homopolymer of described graft monomer and graft monomer, relatively Preferably methanol and/or ethanol. The extraction is preferably carried out in a Soxhlet extractor, such as extracting for 72 hours in a Soxhlet extractor with a capacity of 500 mL.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method is carried out according to the following steps: the textile is placed in an irradiation tube containing the solution of the grafted monomer, degassed, vacuumized, After passing through the inert gas, put the irradiation tube into the cobalt source chamber to carry out the co-irradiation grafting reaction, and extract the irradiated textiles with a solvent; The solvent is the same as mentioned above, and preferably also contains a polymerization inhibitor in the described solution.

The present invention also provides an anti-scald textile prepared by the above preparation method. Wherein the grafting rate of the grafted monomer in the anti-scald textile is 1-50%, preferably 5-30%.

The anti-scald textile of the present invention has temperature-sensitive properties, that is, the textile has hydrophobicity when the temperature is above 32°C. At low temperature (less than 32°C), the interaction between the molecules on the grafted chain of the anti-scald textile and water is mainly the hydrogen bond between the hydrophilic group and the water molecule, showing hydrophilicity; When the temperature is above the phase transition point, the hydrophobic interaction between the molecules of the graft chain and between molecules is strengthened to form a hydrophobic layer. At this time, the shape of the graft chain molecules changes from a loose coil structure to a compact colloidal structure, thereby Exhibits thermosensitivity. If water with a high temperature is splashed on the surface of the textile, when the temperature of the textile reaches above 32°C, due to its hydrophobicity, the high-temperature water will not be absorbed by the textile, nor will it stay on the surface of the textile, so as to achieve the effect of preventing burns. Purpose.

In the present invention, the above-mentioned preferred conditions can be combined arbitrarily on the basis of conforming to common knowledge in the field, so as to obtain various preferred embodiments of the present invention.

The starting materials and reagents of the present invention are all commercially available.

The positive progress effect of the present invention is:

1. In the present invention, the radiation grafting method is introduced into the finishing of textiles, and the functional compounds are chemically bonded to the textiles, successfully solving the problem of durability of textiles with anti-scald function, which can be reused and washed.

2. The present invention only arranges the commercially available textiles without compounding or thickening, and the thickness variation of the textiles after finishing is very small (less than 0.5 mm), which solves the problem that conventional thickened anti-scald textiles are not conducive to use and Clothing defects.

3. The water permeability of the anti-scald textiles of the present invention has almost no effect on that of commercially available textiles. For example: cotton cloth can completely absorb water droplets within 5 seconds before modification, and the modified anti-scald cotton cloth can completely absorb water droplets within 10 seconds below 30°C; the contact angle of modified nylon cloth and polyester cloth There is no obvious change, which also shows that the hydrophilicity of the modified textile has almost no change.

4. The anti-scald textiles of the present invention will not change the water permeability of the textiles in the normal use environment, and can still make the textiles have better use comfort.

5. The present invention adopts the general-purpose platform. If it is necessary to realize other functionalization of textiles, it only needs to make corresponding changes to the functional compounds in the experimental process.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the contact angle.

Fig. 2 is the contact angle test chart of the unmodified cotton cloth and the modified cotton cloth at different temperatures in Example 1, wherein Fig. 2a is the unmodified cotton cloth, and Fig. 2b is the modified cotton cloth.

Fig. 3 is the test diagram of the contact angle of unmodified nylon cloth and modified nylon cloth at different temperatures in Example 2, wherein Fig. 3a is the unmodified nylon cloth, and Fig. 3b is the modified nylon cloth.

Detailed ways

The following examples are used to further illustrate the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and the raw materials in the examples are conventional commercially available products.

Explanation one:

The absorbed dose described in the present invention and all the examples is a concept in radiation chemistry describing the average imparted energy given to a sample by ionizing radiation, which is defined as the average energy imparted by ionizing radiation to an infinitely small volume divided by the mass of the substance in the volume And get the business.

Explanation 2:

The grafting rate described in all embodiments is the concept of describing the degree of grafting in polymer chemistry, which is defined as the percentage of the mass change of the sample before and after the grafting reaction that accounts for the original sample mass, and its expression is:

$\mathrm{DG}=\frac{w_g-w_0}{w_0}\×100\%$ Formula 1

Among them, W _g is the weight of the sample after grafting, and W _o is the weight of the sample before grafting.

Explanation three:

The contact angle described in all the examples is a concept describing the degree of hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of materials in material chemistry, which is defined as the tangent line of the liquid-gas interface at any point on the periphery of the three-phase contact when the three-phase contact of solid, liquid and gas reaches equilibrium. The angle formed with the solid surface, including the liquid, is the angle θ shown in Figure 1.

Explanation four:

The contact angle of the cotton cloth described in Example 1 is 0°, because the hydrophilicity of the cotton cloth is excellent, and the water drop is completely spread and absorbed on the surface of the cotton cloth within 5 seconds. According to the definition of the contact angle, the contact angle of the cotton cloth is 0° °.

Example 1

Cut the cotton cloth according to the size of 10cm×15cm, after cleaning and drying, accurately weigh its mass as 1.7243g, and put the cotton cloth into the irradiation tube for later use. Prepare 100mL of a methanol solution of N-isopropylacrylamide with a mass/volume ratio of 15g/100mL (that is, 15g of N-isopropylacrylamide per 100mL of methanol), and add 40mg of copper sulfate to this solution as a barrier. Polymer. Take 40mL of this solution and add it to the aforementioned irradiation tube equipped with cotton cloth. After degassing by ultrasonic vibration, vacuuming, and nitrogen gas, the irradiation tube was sealed and placed in the cobalt source chamber for co-irradiation grafting. The absorbed dose was 15kGy. After the irradiation, the cotton cloth was taken out and purified in a Soxhlet extractor using methanol as the purification reagent. After the purification, the anti-scald cotton cloth was dried to constant weight, and its mass was accurately weighed to be 2.0521g. According to Formula 1, the grafting ratio of the sample was calculated to be 19.01%. The thickness and the contact angles of the left and right parts of the unmodified cotton cloth and the modified anti-scald cotton cloth were measured at different temperatures, and the average values were taken. See Table 1 and Figure 2 for details.

Table 1

It can be seen from Table 1 and Fig. 2 that the anti-scald cotton cloth obtained by the method of the present invention can still maintain the intrinsic hydrophilicity of the cotton cloth under conventional room temperature environment, and when the temperature is higher than 30 ° C, the contact angle of the modified cotton cloth is significantly improved , which proves that it is transformed into hydrophobicity, so that it can achieve a good anti-scald effect. And the thickness of the modified cotton only increased by 0.2mm. In addition, the cotton cloth can completely absorb water droplets within 5 seconds before modification, and the modified anti-scald cotton cloth can completely absorb water droplets within 10 seconds below 30°C, indicating that the modification method has no disadvantages for the water permeability of the cotton cloth itself. It can still maintain the excellent water-permeable and skin-friendly effect of cotton cloth.

Example 2

Cut the nylon cloth according to the size of 10cm×15cm, after cleaning and drying, accurately weigh its mass to 0.7040g, and put the nylon cloth into the irradiation tube for later use. Prepare 100 mL of an ethanol solution of N-ethylacrylamide with a mass/volume concentration of 16.7 g/100 mL, and add 40 mg of copper sulfate to the solution as a polymerization inhibitor. Take 40mL of this solution and add it to the aforementioned irradiation tube equipped with nylon cloth. After degassing by ultrasonic vibration, vacuuming, and nitrogen gas, the irradiation tube was sealed and placed in the cobalt source chamber for co-irradiation grafting. The absorbed dose was 30kGy. After the irradiation, the nylon cloth was taken out and purified with a Soxhlet extractor using ethanol as the purification reagent. After the purification, the anti-scald nylon cloth was dried to a constant weight, and its mass was accurately weighed to be 0.9077g. According to Formula 1, the grafting ratio of the sample was calculated to be 28.93%. The thickness and contact angles of the left and right parts of the unmodified nylon cloth and the modified anti-scald nylon cloth were measured at different temperatures, and the average values were taken. See Table 2 and Figure 3 for details.

Table 2

As can be seen from Table 2 and Figure 3, the contact angle of the anti-scald cotton nylon cloth obtained by the method of the present invention has no significant change under conventional room temperature environment, indicating that its hydrophilicity and water permeability have no significant change.

Example 3

Cut the cotton cloth according to the size of 10cm×15cm, after cleaning and drying, accurately weigh its mass as 1.9724g, and put the cotton cloth into the irradiation tube for later use. Prepare 100 mL of an aqueous solution of N-isopropylacrylamide with a mass/volume ratio of 1 g/100 mL, and add 40 mg of copper sulfate to the solution as a polymerization inhibitor. Take 40mL of this solution and add it to the aforementioned irradiation tube equipped with cotton cloth. After degassing by ultrasonic vibration, vacuuming, and nitrogen gas, the irradiation tube was sealed and placed in the cobalt source chamber for co-irradiation grafting. The absorbed dose was 5kGy. After the irradiation, the cotton cloth was taken out and purified in a Soxhlet extractor using methanol as the purification reagent. After the purification, the anti-scald cotton cloth was dried to constant weight, and its mass was accurately weighed to be 2.1521g. According to Formula 1, the grafting ratio of the sample was calculated to be 9.11%. The contact angles of the unmodified cotton cloth and the left and right parts of the modified anti-scald cotton cloth were measured at different temperatures, and the average values were taken, as shown in Table 3.

table 3

Example 4

Cut the polyester cloth according to the size of 10cm×15cm, after cleaning and drying, accurately weigh its mass to 0.6804g, and put the polyester cloth into the irradiation tube for later use. 100 mL of an aqueous solution of N-ethylacrylamide with a mass/volume ratio of 50 g/100 ml was prepared, and 40 mg of copper sulfate was added to the solution as a polymerization inhibitor. Take 40 mL of this solution and add it to the aforementioned irradiation tube equipped with polyester cloth. After degassing by ultrasonic vibration, vacuuming, and nitrogen gas, the irradiation tube was sealed and placed in the cobalt source chamber for co-irradiation grafting, and the absorbed dose was 50kGy. After the irradiation, the polyester was taken out and purified with a Soxhlet extractor using ethanol as the purification reagent. After the purification, the anti-scald polyester cloth was dried to constant weight, and its mass was accurately weighed to be 0.9877g. According to Formula 1, the grafting ratio of the sample was calculated to be 45.16%. The contact angles of the unmodified polyester cloth and the left and right parts of the modified anti-scald polyester cloth were measured at different temperatures, and the average values were taken. See Table 4 for details.

Table 4

Claims (16)

1. the preparation method of an Anti-scald textile, it is characterized in that: it comprises the steps: in solvent, under oxygen free condition and inert gas shielding, irradiation textiles and grafted monomers, make described textiles and described grafted monomers generation mutual radiation graft reaction, obtain Anti-scald textile; Wherein said grafted monomers is can be transformed into the hydrophobic compound with temperature-sensing property from hydrophily more than 32 DEG C; Described grafted monomers is N-ethyl acrylamide, and described grafted monomers is 1～50g/100mL with the mass/volume ratio of described solvent.

2. preparation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described textiles is the product being prepared by natural fabric and/or artificial fibre.

3. preparation method as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: described natural fabric is one or more in cotton fiber, flax fibre, silk fiber and wool fibre, described artificial fibre is one or more in nylon fibre, polyster fibre and polypropylene fiber.

4. preparation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described textiles is carrying out carrying out preliminary treatment according to following step before described mutual radiation graft reaction: with textiles described in acetone extracting, dry after washing.

5. preparation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described solvent is the monohydric alcohol of water and/or carbon number 1-3.

6. preparation method as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that: the monohydric alcohol of described carbon number 1-3 is one or more in methyl alcohol, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol.

7. the preparation method as described in any one in claim 1～6, is characterized in that: described grafted monomers is 5～30g/100mL with the mass/volume ratio of described solvent.

8. preparation method as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that: described grafted monomers is 10～20g/100mL with the mass/volume ratio of described solvent.

9. preparation method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in described solvent, also contain polymerization inhibitor.

10. preparation method as claimed in claim 9, is characterized in that: described polymerization inhibitor is iron ammonium sulfate and/or copper sulphate; The content of described polymerization inhibitor is below 4mmol/L solvent.

11. preparation methods as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the irradiation dose of described mutual radiation graft reaction is 5kGy～50kGy.

12. preparation methods as claimed in claim 11, is characterized in that: the irradiation dose of described mutual radiation graft reaction is 15kGy～30kGy.

13. preparation methods as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: after described mutual radiation graft reaction finishes, carry out in the steps below post processing: can dissolve the solvent extraction Anti-scald textile of homopolymers of described grafted monomers and described grafted monomers.

14. preparation methods as claimed in claim 13, is characterized in that: the solvent of the described homopolymers that can dissolve described grafted monomers and described grafted monomers is methyl alcohol and/or ethanol; Described extracting is carried out in apparatus,Soxhlet's.

15. Anti-scald textiles that made by the preparation method described in any one in claim 1～14; The percent grafting of grafted monomers described in wherein said Anti-scald textile is 1～50%.

16. Anti-scald textiles as claimed in claim 15, is characterized in that, the percent grafting of grafted monomers described in described Anti-scald textile is 5～30%.