CN102503629B - Formula and preparation method of special double-activity double-effect humic acid slow release fertilizer for tea tree - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a formula and a preparation method of humic acid slow-release fertilizer special for double-active double-effect tea trees. It is compounded with humic acid long-acting nitrogen fertilizer, large granular urea, monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, granular potassium sulfate, borax and other components. The special humic acid slow-release fertilizer for double-active and double-effect tea trees of the present invention is applied once before tea buds germinate in early spring, which reduces the damage to the root system caused by multiple fertilizations, saves time and effort, and can meet the nutritional needs of tea trees throughout the growth period. Improve fertilizer utilization and prevent soil compaction.

Description

Formula and preparation method of special humic acid slow-release fertilizer for double-living and double-effect tea trees

technical field

The present invention relates to the formulation and preparation method of special humic acid slow-release fertilizer for double-active double-effect tea trees, and is a new fertilizer for active humic acid and long-acting nitrogen fertilizer of active humic acid and nitrogen by using weathered coal or lignite as raw material crafting techniques.

Background technique

Tea trees are native to the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. my country is the first country in the world to discover and utilize tea trees. As of 2010, the area of my country's tea gardens and tea output have grown steadily, with a total area of 2 million hectares, ranking first in the world; the annual output of tea is 1.43 million tons, ranking first in the world. Tea has also become one of my country's important export agricultural products. In 2010, my country exported 308,000 tons of tea, and the export value exceeded US$700 million. With the continuous deepening of the world's people's understanding of tea and the development of my country's export trade, my country's tea production will further develop.

Tea trees, the plants harvested for tea as a product, differ in their nutritional requirements from crops harvested for seeds or fruit. In terms of nitrogen fertilizer form, tea trees especially like ammonium nitrogen. When ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen coexist in the soil, the absorption intensity of ammonium nitrogen is several times higher than that of nitrate nitrogen, and the former has a better effect than the latter. The effect of increasing production. Tea trees grow in dry land soil, which has good aeration. No matter what form of nitrogen fertilizer is applied, it will be quickly converted into nitrate nitrogen. into nitrate nitrogen. At present, the chemical nitrogen fertilizers used by tea trees are mainly quick-acting fertilizers, which dissolve quickly in the soil, and it is difficult to prevent their transformation into nitrate nitrogen. The tea tree has 3 to 4 times of tea bud germination and harvesting in the growth cycle of a year, and the absorption of nutrients is continuous. Theoretically speaking, in order to meet the nutritional needs of tea trees, fertilization should be applied frequently in small quantities, which will increase the labor intensity of farmers and damage the root system due to repeated fertilization by digging ditches. At present, there is no report on the special humic acid slow-release fertilizer for double-active double-effect tea tree and its preparation method.

Active aluminum in the soil is harmful to common crops, but a large number of data show that aluminum is beneficial to the growth of tea trees. Appropriate aluminum concentration can promote root development, make plants strong, dark green leaves, high chlorophyll content, net photosynthesis and _CO2 assimilation ability, and significantly increase the content of amino acids, tea polyphenols, and water extracts in tea. The quality of tea plays a key role.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides the formula and preparation method of humic acid slow-release fertilizer specially used for double-active double-effect tea tree, and invents that humic acid activation and urea complexation reaction are organically produced under low-moisture molten urea liquid phase. Combining and carrying out at the same time, the activation rate of humic acid is high, the binding rate of humic urea is high, the production cost is low, and the operation process is simple. It is suitable for existing compound fertilizer enterprises to use existing equipment for large-scale production, and solves the problems of large-scale pollution and pollution caused by existing production methods. Disadvantages of high cost, non-continuous production, and low content of active humic acid.

1. Special humic acid slow-release fertilizer for double-active double-effect tea trees, characterized in that the raw material components are as follows by weight:

Humic acid long-acting nitrogen fertilizer 200-400 parts

Granular urea 50-200 parts

Monoammonium phosphate 100-300 parts

Granular potassium sulfate 150-300 parts

Granular diammonium 0-250 parts

Magnesium Sulfate 20-50 parts

Manganese sulfate 2-5 parts

Zinc sulfate 2-5 parts

Borax 2-5 parts.

2. Production of humic acid long-acting nitrogen fertilizer

A method for making humic acid long-acting nitrogen fertilizer (N ≥ 26%, HA ≥ 15%), comprising the following steps:

a. Fusion of urea-aluminum sulfate two kinds of activating substances (i.e. double active) flux: put powdery or small granular urea into the urea-based melting tank, according to the ratio shown in Table 1: add 4 parts by mass of water to 100 parts by mass of urea, Add 10 parts by mass of powdered aluminum sulfate, heat it to 120°C with a steam coil, stir to make urea-aluminum sulfate eutectic, and form diactive urea-aluminum sulfate molten liquid;

b. Activation of humic urea: Measure and input the double active urea liquid prepared in a into another reaction tank, calculate the urea content in the double active urea liquid in step a, according to the ratio of urea amount, humic acid raw material and sodium carbonate mass/number ratio 1 Add the powdery humic acid raw material and sodium carbonate in the ratio of 0.6:0.06, heat it up to 100°C with steam, and fully stir the activation reaction for about 20 minutes to form a black double-active humic urea liquid with good fluidity;

c. Spraying granulation: transport the double-active urea solution in b to the high granulation tower through the heat preservation centrifugal pump, spray the slurry through the nozzle, air-cool and solidify into granules;

d. Cooling and screening: The granulation formed in c is input into the cooling cylinder, and an appropriate amount of conditioner is added, further rounded and cooled, screened, and quantitatively packaged to form a product.

Table 1 Proportion of putrefaction-urea solution in mass and parts

Urea content% Aluminum sulfate% water% Weathered coal% Sodium carbonate 55.6 5.6 2.2 33.3 3.3

3. The special humic acid slow-release fertilizer for double-active double-effect tea trees as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the raw materials used are commercially available product model HAH01 (nitrogen content is 26%, humic acid content is 15%); The nitrogen content in granular urea is 46.2%; the nitrogen and phosphorus pentoxide contents in monoammonium phosphate are 11% and 44% respectively; the phosphorus pentoxide content in potassium sulfate is 50%; the nitrogen and phosphorus pentoxide contents in diammonium phosphate The contents are 18% and 46% respectively, all of which are percentages by mass; the particle diameters of all raw materials are within the range of 2 to 4 mm. The application of the special humic acid slow-release fertilizer for double-active and double-effect tea trees of the present invention is applied once before the tea trees germinate in spring, and topdressing is no longer required.

The excellent effects of the present invention are as follows:

1. Double-active double-effect: use two kinds of activators to activate humic acid, the activated humic acid long-acting nitrogen fertilizer and related raw materials are compounded into double-active double-effect tea tree special humic acid slow-release fertilizer, which can effectively improve soil quality , effectively improve the utilization rate of fertilizers, and achieve the special effect of double-active and double-effect.

2. Nutrient release conforms to the law of tea tree’s demand for nutrition. In the annual growth cycle, tea tree has 3 to 4 tea buds to germinate and harvest, and there are three peaks in the absorption of nutrients. The special humic acid slow-release fertilizer is based on this absorption law Three release peaks of nitrogen fertilizers are designed; at the same time, tea trees harvest buds and leaves, while phosphorus fertilizers promote root growth and flowering and fruiting, potassium fertilizers can improve disease resistance, and special humic acid slow-release fertilizers design the release peaks of phosphorus fertilizers in the early stage , to promote root development, reduce flowering and fruiting in the later period, and increase tea yield; the release peak of potassium fertilizer is placed in the later period to enhance the disease caused by high temperature and rainy later period, and improve the quality of tea.

3. Provide suitable nitrogen form for tea trees Tea trees like ammonium nitrogen fertilizer. Ammonium nitrogen can make the leaves dark green, increase the thickness, and improve the yield and quality of tea leaves. However, since there are a large number of nitrifying bacteria in dryland soil, ordinary nitrogen fertilizers dissolve quickly after being applied to the soil, and are quickly transformed into nitrate nitrogen under the action of nitrifying bacteria. The special humic acid slow-release fertilizer has a complex layer, and the ammonium nitrogen and urea wrapped inside are released slowly with the absorption of the tea tree, which greatly reduces the chance of conversion into nitrate nitrogen.

4. Improve fertilizer utilization: The nutrient release of special humic acid slow-release fertilizer is carried out slowly with the absorption of tea trees. There are few nutrient ions in the soil, and the nutrients lost due to rainfall or irrigation are less, and the fixation of nutrient ions by the soil is also reduced. effect. At the same time, since the frequency of fertilization is reduced, the damage to the root system caused by multiple fertilization is avoided, and the absorption capacity of the root is improved. These are conducive to the improvement of fertilizer use efficiency. According to the test, in the case of the same amount of fertilizer, the utilization rate of special humic acid slow-release fertilizer is 15%-25% higher than that of ordinary chemical fertilizer.

5. The role of medium and trace elements The medium and trace elements added in the special humic acid slow-release fertilizer are all necessary in the growth period of tea trees. The lack of one of them will cause corresponding symptoms, which will affect the yield and quality of tea. cause adverse effects.

6. Reduce the frequency of fertilization, saving time and labor: Tea trees need to dig trenches and fertilize every time, which is labor-intensive. The special humic acid slow-release fertilizer can be changed from 3 to 5 times of fertilization to one time of fertilization, which greatly reduces the labor intensity of farmers, saves labor costs, and improves economic benefits.

Detailed ways

The raw materials used in the following examples are commercially available product model HAH01 (nitrogen content is 26%, humic acid content is 15%); nitrogen content in granular urea is 46.2%; nitrogen and phosphorus pentoxide contents in monoammonium phosphate are respectively The content of phosphorus pentoxide in potassium sulfate is 50%; the content of nitrogen and phosphorus pentoxide in diammonium phosphate is 18% and 46% respectively, all are percentages by mass. The particle size of all raw materials is in the range of 2-4 mm.

Example 1

Humic acid slow-release fertilizer for double-living and double-effect tea trees, total nutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, and potassium oxide content are 18%, 13%, and 12% respectively; humic acid content, sulfur content, and aluminum content are 3.6%, 5.0% and 2.1%, both are mass percentages. The raw material components are as follows:

Humic acid long-acting nitrogen fertilizer 237kg

Granular urea 185kg

Monoammonium Phosphate 300kg

Potassium sulfate 240kg

Magnesium Sulfate 30kg

Manganese sulfate 2kg

Zinc sulfate 3kg

Borax 3kg

The preparation method is that the above-mentioned raw materials are put into a blender and stirred for 5-10 minutes, and fully mixed to obtain the product. Then the mixed fertilizer is sent to the metering and packaging machine for metering and packaging.

Example 2

Humic acid slow-release fertilizer for double-living and double-effect tea trees, total nutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, and potassium oxide content are 18%, 13%, and 12% respectively; humic acid content, sulfur content, and aluminum content are 4.7%, 5.0% and 2.8%, both are mass percentages. The raw material components are as follows:

Humic acid long-acting nitrogen fertilizer 312kg

Granular urea 120kg

Monoammonium Phosphate 130kg

Diammonium Phosphate 160kg

Potassium sulfate 240kg

Magnesium Sulfate 30kg

Manganese sulfate 2kg

Zinc sulfate 3kg

Borax 3kg

The preparation method is that the above-mentioned raw materials are put into a blender and stirred for 5-10 minutes, and fully mixed to obtain the product. Then the mixed fertilizer is sent to the metering and packaging machine for metering and packaging.

Comparative example: ordinary potassium sulfate compound fertilizer (total nutrient content 43%) + urea (nitrogen content 46%) + ammonium sulfate (nitrogen content 21%).

The application effect of above embodiment 1～2 and comparative example is as follows:

The tested tea tree variety is Huangshan group species, the soil is brown soil, and the tree age is 15 years. In the comparison example, 250 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, 80 kg of urea, and 120 kg of ammonium sulfate per hectare; the amount of humic acid slow-release fertilizer dedicated to double-active and double-effect tea trees is 400 kg per hectare. In the embodiment, all the special humic acid slow-release fertilizers for tea trees are applied once before the spring buds; in the comparative example, the potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is applied before the spring buds, and after the mixing of urea and ammonium sulfate, the tea is picked for the first time and the first time. Apply twice after the second tea picking, each accounting for 1/2. The application method is to dig a 20-30 cm ditch vertically below the edge of the tea tree canopy, apply fertilizer to cover a layer of soil, mix well, cover the soil and water.

the Production efficiency (%) Improve nitrogen use efficiency (%) evaluate Example 1 6.7 11.6 It has the effect of increasing production, improves the utilization rate of fertilizer, saves time and labor, and can be popularized. Example 2 10.9 16.8 The effect of increasing production is better, the utilization rate of fertilizer is improved, time and labor are saved, and it is worth popularizing. comparative example - - The frequency of fertilization is many, the amount of fertilizer is large, time-consuming and laborious, and it is not suitable for promotion.

Claims (1)

1. Special humic acid slow-release fertilizer for double-active double-effect tea trees, characterized in that: the raw material components are as follows by weight: Humic acid long-acting nitrogen fertilizer 200-400 parts; Granular urea 50-200 parts; Monoammonium phosphate; 100-300 parts; Granular potassium sulfate; 150-300 parts; Granular diammonium 0-250 parts; Magnesium sulfate; 20-50 parts; Manganese sulfate 2-5 parts; Zinc sulfate 2-5 parts; Borax 2-5 parts; in: The preparation of humic acid long-acting nitrogen fertilizer, wherein nitrogen content N ≥ 26%, humic acid HA ≥ 15%, includes the following steps: a. Fusion of urea-aluminum sulfate two kinds of activating substances: put powdery or small particle urea into urea-based melting Melting tank, according to the following proportions: putrefaction-urea liquid mass ratio: 55.6% urea, 5.6% aluminum sulfate, 2.2% water, 33.3% weathered coal, 3.3% sodium carbonate; 100 mass parts urea is added 4 mass parts Water, add 10 parts by mass of powdered aluminum sulfate, heat to 120°C with a steam coil, stir to make urea-aluminum sulfate eutectic, and form diactive urea-aluminum sulfate melt; b. Activation of humic urea: Measure the double active urea solution prepared in a into another reaction tank, and calculate the urea content in the double active urea liquid in step a, according to the ratio of urea amount, humic acid raw material and sodium carbonate mass/number ratio 1 : 0.6 : 0.06 Add the powdered humic acid raw material and sodium carbonate, heat it with steam to 100°C, fully stir the activation reaction for about 20 minutes, and form a black double-active humic urea solution with good fluidity; c. Spraying granulation: The double-active rotten urea liquid in b is transported to the granulation tower through the thermal insulation centrifugal pump, sprayed through the nozzle, and air-cooled to solidify into granules; d. Cooling and sieving: the granulation formed in c is input into the cooling cylinder, an appropriate amount of conditioner is added, further rounded and cooled, sieved, and quantitatively packaged to form a product; Then put all the raw materials into the blender and stir for 5 to 10 minutes, and mix well.