CN102501948B - Full automatic segmental collecting ship for water hyacinths - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a full-automatic water hyacinth segmental harvesting ship, which includes a hull, a traveling mechanism, a harvesting system, a rear cabin conveying device and a power mechanism, the harvesting system includes a harvesting device and a storage device, and the harvesting device includes a harvesting support , conveyor belt, floating box, the rear end of the harvesting bracket is hinged on the hull at the bow, and the front end of the harvesting bracket is positioned on the floating box; the conveyor belt includes an upper conveyor belt and a lower conveyor belt, and the floating box is connected to the The front end of the lower conveyor mesh belt; the harvesting device also includes a segmented cutting device and a collection wheel; the storage device is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, wherein the upper layer is provided with an upper conveyor belt, and the lower layer is provided with a lower conveyor belt; the rear cabin conveyor device is installed in the storage The rear of the device is docked with the lower layer of the storage device. The invention can realize segmental harvesting of the roots, stems and leaves of the water hyacinth, facilitate resourceful utilization of the roots, stems and leaves of the water hyacinth respectively, and increase the economic value of the water hyacinth. In addition, the invention has reasonable structural design and high efficiency.

Description

Fully automatic water hyacinth harvesting ship

technical field

The invention relates to the field of collection and treatment of aquatic plants, in particular to a harvesting ship used for water hyacinth harvesting.

Background technique

In recent years, with the rapid development of my country's economy, it has inevitably caused pollution to waters such as rivers and lakes. Various industrial pollutants, domestic garbage, human and animal feces and excreta have entered the water through surface and groundwater, resulting in eutrophication of water bodies. , especially the inland lakes where various water systems gather, such as Dianchi Lake, Taihu Lake, Chaohu Lake, etc., are relatively closed due to poor fluidity, insufficient water circulation, and eutrophic water bodies are prone to blue-green algae outbreaks in hot weather.

The eutrophication of lake water is a worldwide problem. After repeated demonstrations and experiments by experts at home and abroad, physical, chemical and biochemical methods have not achieved satisfactory results. In comparison, the method of biological enrichment has the best effect , and among all organisms, water hyacinth has the strongest ability to absorb nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The experiment of planting more than 10,000 mu of water hyacinth in Taihu Lake and more than 30,000 mu in Dianchi Lake proved that the water quality of water hyacinth controlled cultivation has been significantly improved.

The growth of water hyacinth can enrich the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the water body, but if it is not harvested in time, it will die and rot when the weather turns cold, and it will cause new eutrophication. Experts have proposed the "controlled planting-mechanized harvesting-factory The technical route of treating eutrophication of water body is "chemical treatment-resource utilization", and resource utilization can be made into biogas or organic fertilizer. Further research by experts found that the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and various heavy metals enriched in water hyacinth are mainly concentrated in the root system, and the stems and leaves are rich in protein and edible chlorophyll. For example, if the stems and leaves of water hyacinth are made into animal feed, and the roots are made into biogas or organic fertilizer, the economic value generated by the different resource utilization of the two parts will be more than three times higher than that of mixed use. However, the existing harvesting ships all harvest the water hyacinth as a whole, and then process it as a whole, and there is no report on the relevant research and results of the segmented harvesting technology and resource utilization of the water hyacinth.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a fully automatic water hyacinth section harvesting ship.

In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention takes the following technical solutions:

A fully automatic water hyacinth segment harvesting ship, which includes a hull, a traveling mechanism for controlling the harvesting ship to walk, a harvesting system arranged on the hull for harvesting water hyacinth, a rear cabin conveying device and a power mechanism, The harvesting system includes a harvesting device arranged at the bow of the hull for collecting the water hyacinth from the water; a storage device for storing the water hyacinth collected by the harvesting device, and the harvesting device includes harvesting The support, the conveyor belt arranged on the harvesting support, and the buoyancy tank connected to the front end of the conveyor belt for controlling the water entry depth of the harvesting device, wherein:

The rear end of the harvesting bracket is hinged on the hull at the bow, and the front end of the harvesting bracket is positioned on the buoy, so that the harvesting device can freely float up and down after entering the water;

The conveyor belt includes an upper conveying mesh belt positioned above and a lower conveying mesh belt positioned below, and the front end of the lower conveying mesh belt is more forward than the front end of the upper conveying mesh belt, so that the front end of the lower conveying mesh belt enters When below the water surface, the front end of the upper conveyor net belt still remains above the water surface, the buoyant tank is connected to the front end of the lower floor conveyor net belt, and the harvesting device also includes a branch for cutting off the stems and leaves and the roots of the water hyacinth. segment cutting device and collecting wheels for pulling the water hyacinth towards the segment cutting device;

The storage device is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, wherein the upper layer of the storage device is provided with an upper conveyor belt, and the lower layer of the storage device is provided with a lower conveyor belt;

The rear cabin conveying device is installed behind the storage device and docked with the lower layer of the storage device.

According to a further embodiment of the present invention: the harvesting device further includes cutting wheels arranged on both sides of the front end of the lower conveying mesh belt, and the cutting wheels are used to cut the sliced water hyacinth into strips.

According to a specific aspect of the present invention, the section cutting device is arranged in front of the upper conveying mesh belt and above the water surface. Preferably, a distance of 10 to 25 centimeters is maintained between the section cutting device and the water surface. In a specific embodiment: the segmentation cutting device includes a hydraulic drive mechanism, a bracket installed on the lower part of the front end of the upper conveying mesh belt, a plurality of sets of cutting knives installed on the bracket, and the cutting knives include rotatably arranged on the bracket The rotating shaft on the rotating shaft, the connecting disk fixed on the rotating shaft and a plurality of blades fixed on the connecting disk, the two sides of the blades are cutting edges. The segmented cutting device of this structure can realize the rapid cutting of the water hyacinth.

Preferably, the harvesting system further includes a crushing device arranged between the upper conveying mesh belt and the upper layer of the storage device, the crushing device is used for crushing and reducing the volume of stems and leaves collected by the upper conveying mesh belt. The pulverizing device may adopt a conventional structure, for example comprising a plurality of rotating pulverizing knives.

Preferably, a rear door and a hydraulic cylinder for driving the rear door to open and close are installed at the rear of the upper layer of the storage device. In this way, when loading, the back door can be closed to increase the storage capacity; when unloading, the back door can be opened to unload.

According to a specific aspect, the rear cabin conveying device includes a rear cabin support, a rear cabin conveyor belt, and a hydraulic drive mechanism for lifting the rear cabin.

According to yet another specific aspect, the power mechanism is a diesel engine, the traveling mechanism is a propeller propulsion system, and the entire ship adopts hydraulic remote electro-hydraulic control technology to control operations.

Preferably, the harvesting vessel further includes a monitor installed in the wheelhouse of the hull.

Due to the implementation of the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

The water hyacinth harvesting ship of the present invention can realize segmental harvesting of the roots, stems and leaves of the water hyacinth, facilitate resource utilization of the roots, stems and leaves of the water hyacinth respectively, and increase the economic value of the water hyacinth. In addition, the invention has reasonable structural design, convenient operation and high efficiency.

Description of drawings

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and specific embodiment the present invention is described in further detail.

Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of water hyacinth section harvesting ship according to the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a top view schematic diagram of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the harvesting system of water hyacinth section harvesting ship according to the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the segmental cutting device of water hyacinth segmental harvesting ship according to the present invention;

Figure 5 is a schematic top view of Figure 4;

Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the storage device of water hyacinth section harvesting ship according to the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a schematic left view of Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is the schematic structural view of the rear compartment conveying device of the water hyacinth section harvesting ship according to the present invention;

Among them: 1. Hull; 10. Driver's cab; 2. Traveling mechanism; 3. Rear compartment conveying device; 30. Rear compartment support; 31. Rear compartment conveyor belt; 32. Hydraulic drive mechanism; 4. Power mechanism; 5. Mining 50, harvesting support; 51, floating tank; 52a, upper conveying mesh belt; 52b, lower conveying mesh belt; 53, section cutting device; 530, support; 531, cutting knife; 531a, rotating shaft; Connection plate; 531c, blade; 54, collection wheel; 55, cutting wheel; 56, crushing device; 57, hydraulic cylinder; 6, storage device; 60, upper layer; 600, upper conveyor belt; 601, back door; 602, hydraulic cylinder ; 61, the lower layer; 610, the lower conveyor belt.

Detailed ways

The invention provides a sectioned water hyacinth harvesting ship, the basic structure of which includes: a ship body provided with a cab, a traveling mechanism, a harvesting system, a rear cabin conveying device and a power mechanism. The invention mainly relates to the improvement of the harvesting system, specifically adopting the segmental harvesting system. The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

As shown in FIGS. 1 to 8 , the segmented water hyacinth harvesting ship according to the present embodiment includes a hull 1 provided with a cab 10 , a traveling mechanism 2 , a harvesting system, a rear cabin conveying device 3 and a power mechanism 4 . Wherein: the power mechanism 4 is a diesel engine, and the running mechanism 2 is a propeller driven by the diesel engine, and the propeller is driven by the diesel engine to make the ship move forward and backward. A hydraulic oil pump is installed at the output end of the diesel engine to supply the hydraulic recovery system of the whole ship. The rear cabin conveying device 3 adopts a conventional structure, including a rear cabin support 30, a rear cabin conveyor belt 31 and a hydraulic drive mechanism 32 for raising the rear cabin. The harvesting system is the core improvement content of the present invention, which has the characteristics of section cutting, layered collection and automatic adjustment and positioning. The harvesting device 5 and the storage device 6 constituting the harvesting system of the present invention will be described in detail below.

1. Harvesting device

(1) Structure: As shown in Figures 3 to 6, the harvesting device 5 includes a harvesting support 50, an upper conveying mesh belt 52a and a lower conveying mesh belt 52b arranged on the harvesting support 50, and a conveying mesh belt connected to the lower conveying mesh. Two left and right floating tanks 51 connected together at the front end of 52b, section cutting device 53, collecting wheel 54, cutting wheel 55, pulverizing device 56, hydraulic cylinder 57, driving hydraulic motor etc.

Segment cutting device 53 is used for cutting water hyacinth, and stem leaves and roots are separated. The segmentation cutting device 53 includes a bracket 530 installed on the lower part of the front end of the upper conveying mesh belt 52a, and a plurality of groups of cutting knives 531 installed on the bracket 530 . The cutting knife 531 includes a rotating shaft 531a rotatably arranged on the bracket 530, a connecting disc 531b fixed on the rotating shaft 531a, and a plurality of blades 531c fixed on the connecting disc 531b, and the two sides of the blades 531c form cutting edges.

Segmented cutting device 53 is installed on the lower front end of upper conveyor belt 52a, and multiple groups of cutting knives 53 are driven by hydraulic motors to rotate blade 531c to cut and separate the stems and leaves of water hyacinth from the roots. Both sides of the blade 531c form cutting edges, which is conducive to fast cutting, and the rotation speed of the blade 531c is about 250-300r/min.

(2) Working principle: the harvesting device 5 is installed on the movable fulcrum of the front bow of the hull and is movably connected with the fulcrum of the storage device installed in the middle of the hull. When the harvesting device 5 enters the water, it can float up and down freely. In order to ensure the depth of entering the water, the The section cutting device 53 keeps a distance from the water surface to cut stems and leaves and roots, and adjusts the buoyancy of the left and right two connected floating bodies 51 installed at the lower end of the lower conveyor belt 52b to meet the water entry depth requirement. Even when harvesting by boat due to the effect of the buoyant body, the harvesting device 5 can keep the section cutting device 53 at a certain distance from the water surface under the situation of wind and waves, so as to cut and harvest smoothly.

The rear end of the double-layer mesh belt harvesting device is hinged on the bow, and the front end is positioned on the large pointed buoy box 51, which can ensure that the cutting knife 531 set in the middle can float up and down with the waves, so that its shearing height is always kept on the water surface Above the level of 10cm, the shear height can be adjusted by how much water is injected into the buoyancy tank.

When harvesting in a large area, the ship moves forward at a slow speed, and the left and right cutting wheels 55 run vertically to cut the sliced water hyacinth into strips and enter the collection belt, and the water hyacinth is pulled to the segmented cutting device 53 by the operation of the collection wheel 54 , that is to cut off the water hyacinth stems and leaves and the root and hair parts, the roots and hairs partly sink on the lower conveyor belt 52b, and are transported to the lower layer 61 of the storage device 6 for storage, and the stem and leaf parts enter the upper conveyor belt 52a, and then enter the crushing device 56 , enter the upper layer 60 of the storage device 6 for storage after crushing and volume reduction.

In order to reduce the resistance and increase the speed of the ship when sailing, a hydraulic cylinder is used to lift the harvesting device 5 out of the water.

2. Storage device

As shown in Figures 6 and 7, the storage device 6 is located in the middle of the hull 1 and is divided into an upper layer 60 and a lower layer 61, wherein the upper layer 60 of the storage device 6 is provided with an upper conveyor belt 600, and the lower layer 61 is provided with a lower conveyor belt 610. Wherein the lower floor 61 is docked with the rear cabin conveying device 3, and the cabin rear end of the upper floor 60 is equipped with a rear door 601, which is opened and closed by the expansion and contraction of the hydraulic cylinder 602, and the door is closed during loading to increase the storage capacity, and the door is opened during unloading for unloading.

The harvesting ship with the above structure works according to the following basic principles:

①Using the marine diesel engine as power to drive the propeller to make the ship move forward and backward; a hydraulic oil pump is installed at the front output end of the diesel engine to supply the hydraulic harvesting system of the whole ship;

②The segmental cutting and harvesting device at the front bow of the hull is divided into upper and lower layers. The stems and leaves collected in the upper layer are transported to the crushing device. The part is transported to the lower layer of the layered storage device for retention; the rear cabin conveying device is installed behind the layered storage device and docked with the lower layer of the storage device.

③When the full load is collected, drive the ship to the pier, raise the rear cabin conveying device to a certain height for unloading, first unload the roots and hairs collected in the lower layer, and then unload the stems and leaves stored in the upper layer to the lower layer, and then unload to the pier.

④ The ship's navigation, section harvesting, storage, and unloading all adopt hydraulic remote electro-hydraulic control technology, and all operations only need one person to complete in the cab. A monitor is installed in the cab to observe the operation process and ensure navigation safety.

The present invention has been described in detail above, and its purpose is to allow those familiar with this field to understand the content of the present invention and implement it, and can not limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Effect changes or modifications should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention .

Claims (8)

1. A fully automatic water hyacinth segment harvesting ship, comprising a hull (1), a walking mechanism (2) for controlling the movement of the harvesting ship, and a mechanism for harvesting water hyacinths arranged on the hull (1). A harvesting system, an aft cabin conveying device (3) and a power mechanism (4), the harvesting system includes a harvesting device arranged at the bow of the hull (1) for collecting water hyacinth from water (5); a storage device (6) for storing the water hyacinth collected by the harvesting device (5), the harvesting device (5) includes a harvesting support (50), arranged on the harvesting support ( 50) on the conveyor belt, and the buoyancy tank (51) connected to the front end of the conveyor belt for controlling the water entry depth of the harvesting device, characterized in that: The rear end of the harvesting bracket (50) is hinged on the hull (1) at the bow, and the front end of the harvesting bracket (50) is positioned on the buoy (51), so that the harvesting device (5) It can float up and down freely after entering the water; The conveyor belt includes an upper conveying mesh belt (52a) located above and a lower conveying mesh belt (52b) positioned below, and the front end of the lower conveying mesh belt (52b) is compared with that of the upper conveying mesh belt (52a). The front end is more forward, so that when the front end of the lower conveying mesh belt (52b) enters below the water surface, the front end of the upper conveying mesh belt (52a) remains above the water surface, and the buoyant tank (51) is connected to the The front end of the lower conveyor mesh belt (52b), the harvesting device (5) also includes a section cutting device (53) for cutting off the stems, leaves and roots of the water hyacinth and for pulling the water hyacinth to the The collection wheel (54) of the segment cutting device (53), the segment cutting device (53) is arranged in front of the upper conveyor mesh belt (52a) and above the water surface; The storage device (6) is divided into an upper layer (60) and a lower layer (61), wherein the upper layer (60) of the storage device (6) is provided with an upper conveyor belt (600), and the storage device (6) The lower floor (61) is provided with a lower conveyor belt (610); The rear cabin conveying device (3) is installed behind the storage device (6) and docked with the lower layer (61) of the storage device (6); The harvesting ship also includes a monitoring instrument installed in the wheelhouse (10) of the hull (1). 2. The fully automatic water hyacinth segmental harvesting ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: the harvesting device (5) also includes two sides above the front end of the lower conveying mesh belt (52b). Cutting wheel (55), this cutting wheel (55) is used for cutting the sliced water hyacinth into strips. 3. The fully automatic water hyacinth segmental harvesting ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: a distance of 10-25 cm is maintained between the segmental cutting device (53) and the water surface. 4. The fully automatic water hyacinth section harvesting ship according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the section cutting device (53) includes a hydraulic drive mechanism, installed on the The bracket (530) at the lower part of the front end of the upper conveyor belt (52a), and multiple sets of cutting knives (531) installed on the bracket (530), the cutting knives (531) include rotatably arranged on the A rotating shaft (531a) on the bracket (530), a coupling plate (531b) fixed on the rotating shaft (531a), and a plurality of blades (531c) fixed on the coupling plate (531b), the blades (531c ) into edges on both sides. 5. The fully automatic water hyacinth segmental harvesting ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: the harvesting system also includes a network between the upper conveying mesh belt (52a) and the storage device (6) The crushing device (56) between the upper layer (60) of the upper layer (60), the crushing device (56) is used for crushing and reducing the volume of the stems and leaves collected by the upper conveying mesh belt (52a). 6. The full-automatic water hyacinth segment harvesting ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rear part of the upper layer (60) of the storage device (6) is equipped with a rear door (601) and is used to drive the Describe the hydraulic cylinder (602) for opening and closing the rear door (601). 7. The fully automatic water hyacinth segmental harvesting ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rear cabin conveying device (3) includes the rear cabin bracket (30), the rear cabin conveyor belt (31) and the The hydraulic drive mechanism (32) for raising the rear compartment. 8. The fully automatic water hyacinth segmental harvesting ship according to claim 1, characterized in that: the power mechanism (4) is a diesel engine, the traveling mechanism (2) is a propeller propulsion system, and the whole ship adopts hydraulic Remote electro-hydraulic control technology to control operations.

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