A kind of vehicle-mounted dlternator
Technical field
The present invention relates to the vehicle-mounted dlternator of a kind of lift-launch on passenger car, truck.
Background technology
In recent years, proposed miniaturization for motorcar alternator and improved the requirement of generating capacity under the equal volume specification.That is to say, requiring provides a kind of volume little and export high vehicle-mounted dlternator with reasonable prices.
In general, as shown in Figure 1, vehicle-mounted dlternator comprises magnet exciting coil 2, stator core 3 and rotor core 2.
Rotor core has the Ivan Lendl shaped iron core and forms, and as shown in Figure 2, this Ivan Lendl shaped iron core contains yoke section 21, yoke 22 and claw-like magnetic pole piece 24.The magnetic flux Φ that flows in this rotor core flows to yoke, claw-like magnetic pole piece from yoke section, and magnetic flux flows into stator core from the claw-like magnetic pole piece.The total length of common generator is determined by the length in axial direction of rotor (below be called axial length).Correspondingly,, for the generator of project organization compactness, wish that the axial length of rotor reduces.
As everyone knows, the magnetic flux φ that is produced by rotor core is expressed as:
(rotor occur magnetic flux Φ)=(magnet exciting coil AT)/(each one (yoke, yoke, claw-like magnetic pole, space, stator core) magnetic resistance and).
Wherein the electric current of field coil is flow through in " A " expression; The number of turns of " T " expression field coil.
, for the magnetic flux by increasing the rotor generation improves output, must reduce the AT of magnetic resistance or increase magnet exciting coil.
In existing structure shown in Figure 2, the magnetic circuit section S1 of each one of rotor core, S2, S3 are preferably basic identical, and the axial length L 2 of the yoke part of rotor core equals the axial length L 1 of stator core.When needs increase the electric power output of generator, need to increase the magnetic flux that rotor core produces., in order to realize increasing the magnetic flux of rotor core, need increase the value of coil " AT " (that is, strengthening field coil) or reduce magnetic resistance.In the situation that do not change rotor size, if increase the magnetic flux that produces, the cross-sectional area of field coil need increase, so that intensifier coil " AT ", the cross-sectional area of rotor magnetic circuit appropriate section will reduce simultaneously.But if reduce magnetic resistance, the magnetic circuit cross-sectional area needs to increase, in order to reduce magnetic resistance, the cross-sectional area of field coil will reduce simultaneously, so existing structure need to be considered the compromise selection between two kinds of demands.
In existing structure shown in Figure 3, the magnetic circuit section S1 of each one of rotor core equals S2, S3 much smaller than S2, the axial length L 2 of rotor core yoke part equals the axial length L 1 of stator core, due to S3 much smaller than S2, though can obtain the cross-sectional area of larger field coil, but the base portion S3 magnetic saturation of claw-like pole parts, therefore magnetic flux leaks vertically, the magnetic flux that the leakage of magnetic flux causes arriving stator core reduces, and the magnetic flux that reduces in stator core has reduced the electric power output of generator.
In existing structure shown in Figure 4, the magnetic circuit section S1 of each one of rotor core, S2, S3 are preferably basic identical, the axial length L 2 of rotor core yoke part is less than the axial length L 1 of stator core, and the yoke part is relative with stator core, part magnetic flux is directly divided and is flowed to stator core by yoke, although this has increased the magnetic flux that flows to stator core, magnetic circuit section S1, S2, S3 are substantially equal, make intensifier coil " AT " still more difficult.
In existing structure shown in Figure 5, the magnetic circuit section S1 of each one of rotor core equals S2, S3 much smaller than S2, the axial length L 2 of rotor core yoke part is less than the axial length L 1 of stator core, due to S3 much smaller than S2, can obtain the cross-sectional area of larger field coil, but the base portion magnetic saturation of claw-like pole parts.Therefore, although part magnetic flux can directly be divided and be flowed to stator core by yoke, the magnetic resistance of the base portion of claw-like pole parts increases suddenly, thereby makes the magnetic flux total amount that flows to stator core obviously be restricted.
In existing structure shown in Figure 6, the magnetic circuit section S1 of each one of rotor core equals S2, S3 and equals 0.47~0.8(of S2 by X
1/ X
2=0.5~0.9 converts draws), the axial length L 2 of rotor core yoke part is less than the axial length L 1 of stator core, because S3 is significantly smaller than S2, although can obtain the cross-sectional area of larger field coil, the base portion of claw-like pole parts still is tending towards magnetic saturation equally.Therefore, although part magnetic flux can directly be divided and be flowed to stator core by yoke, the magnetic resistance of the base portion of claw-like pole parts is still very large, and the magnetic flux total amount that causes flowing to stator core reduces.
In existing field coil space, improve field coil " AT ", increase as field supply, the heat that field coil produces increases, and therefore causes its cooling difficulty, and producing excitation loss increases, and reduces the electric power delivery efficiency.For this reason, following methods is arranged, namely utilize from melting electric wire, using high-termal conductivity resin coil frame etc., improve the cooling characteristics of magnet exciting coil.
In addition, also have and adopt the size and dimension that does not change rotor core, reduce the method for air gap or increase stator core, take the magnetic resistance that reduces air gap and stator core as purpose, but shared ratio is less than rotor core in whole magnetic resistance for stator core, and the size of this outer air gap is to decide according to the restrictive condition of mechanical aspects, rather than, according to the restrictive condition of the electromagnetism aspects such as the operating accuracy of rotor and stator, maximum speed, therefore be difficult to realize.
Also have, with the zone between a kind of magnet insertion claw-like pole parts, to prevent the leakage of magnetic flux, thus the total amount of the magnetic flux in the increase rotor core.In this case, because causing cost, improves in the device that uses magnet and clip magnet, simultaneously due to the effect that centrifugal force is arranged, and the magnet original position that likely flies out under high rotating speed.
Summary of the invention
in view of the problem of above-mentioned existence and the magnetic circuit of rotor core and stator core have magnetically saturated characteristic, and the height of generator weight and stator core is closely related, increasing magnet exciting coil " AT " with space by increasing magnet exciting coil compares, the present invention reduces magnetic resistance by the section that increases magnetic circuit more can increase the magnetic flux that flows through stator core effectively, the axial length L 2 that adopts rotor core yoke part is less than the axial length L 1 of stator core and suitably limit the height of stator core, simultaneously, the design of having used rotor core each several part size suitably to determine, cooperative effect has been adopted in these designs, purpose is that the large power generator of a compact conformation is provided for vehicle, the output usefulness that it has had and low cost.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above is: a kind of vehicle-mounted dlternator has: magnet exciting coil, rotor core and stator core; Rotor core, it has the Ivan Lendl shaped iron core, and this Ivan Lendl shaped iron core has the yoke section of this magnet exciting coil of package, and this yoke section is cylindric, the yoke that enlarges to peripheral direction from the direction of principal axis position of this yoke section, is connected and forms the claw-like magnetic pole piece of the described magnet exciting coil of encirclement with this yoke; Stator core, the periphery subtend configuration at rotor core claw-like magnetic pole piece, consist of laminated core and armature coil; It is characterized in that: the yoke section outer radius of described rotor core is made as R
2, the outer radius of claw-like pole parts is made as R
3, R
2/ R
3Ratio be 0.53~0.51; The section of described rotor core yoke is made as S2, and the root section of claw-like magnetic pole piece is made as S3, and the ratio of S3/S2 is greater than 0.9, the ratio of S3/S2 is 0.90~0.98, the direction of principal axis length of described stator core is made as L1, and the length of rotor core yoke section is made as L2, and the ratio of L1/L2 is greater than 1.
The ratio of above-mentioned L1/L2 more preferably 1.10~1.40, be preferably 1.26.
In the present invention, R
2/ R
3Ratio be 0.53~0.51, the cross-sectional area of a magnet exciting coil larger than existing structure can be provided, make in the situation that do not increase field supply a compact conformation, dynamical generator be provided.
In the present invention, the ratio of S3/S2 is 0.90~0.98, as 0.93,0.95,0.97, the magnetic density of claw-like pole parts can be in the scope an of the best, simultaneously, can prevent from causing because S3 is too small the magnetic saturation of claw-like pole parts, reduce the electric power output of generator.
In the present invention, the ratio of L1/L2, greater than 1, preferably is made as 1.10~1.40, as 1.26.Magnetic flux can directly divide the inflow stator core from yoke.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the major part profile according to vehicle-mounted dlternator of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the magnetic flux schematic diagram that flows between stator core in existing structure and rotor core, the wherein S1=S2=S3 of rotor core; L1=L2.
Fig. 3 is the magnetic flux schematic diagram that flows between stator core in existing structure and rotor core, the wherein S1=S2 of rotor core, S3<S2; L1=L2.
Fig. 4 is the magnetic flux schematic diagram that flows between stator core in existing structure and rotor core, the wherein S1=S2=S3 of rotor core; L1〉L2.
Fig. 5 is the magnetic flux schematic diagram that flows between stator core in existing structure and rotor core, the wherein S1=S2 of rotor core, S3<S2; L1〉L2.
Fig. 6 is the magnetic flux schematic diagram that flows between stator core in existing structure and rotor core, the wherein S1=S2 of rotor core, S3=0.47S2~0.80S2; L1〉L2.
Fig. 7 is the equivalent magnetic circuit schematic diagram according to stator core of the present invention and rotor core.
Fig. 8 is the profile according to vehicle-mounted dlternator rotor core of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the view that Fig. 8 sees from the column part direction of rotor core.
Figure 10 is the zoomed-in view that Fig. 8 sees from the column part direction of rotor core.
Figure 11 is that the ratio of S3/S2 is 0.96 o'clock, the electric power output of the generator of per unit weight and the schematic diagram of L1/L2 ratio Relations Among.
Figure 12 is that the ratio of L1/L2 is 1.26 o'clock, the schematic diagram of the ratio of S3/S2 and magnetic resistance size Relations Among.
Figure 13 is that the ratio of L1/L2 is 1.26 o'clock, the electric power output of the generator of per unit weight and the schematic diagram of S3/S2 ratio Relations Among.
Figure 14 is that the ratio of R2/R3 is 0.53 o'clock, the electric power output of the generator of per unit weight and the schematic diagram of L1/L2 ratio Relations Among.
Figure 15 is that the ratio of L1/L2 is 1.26 o'clock, the electric power output of the generator of per unit weight and the schematic diagram of R2/R3 ratio Relations Among.
Embodiment
, referring to Fig. 1, according to the alternator for vehicle of one embodiment of the present of invention, comprise back cover, belt pulley, fore bearing, rear bearing, brush, slip ring, cooling fan, rectifier, axle, voltage regulating device, magnet exciting coil, rotor core and stator core.Stator core is as an armature, rotor core is for generation of magnetic field, rotor core comprises cylindrical yoke part, yoke part and claw-like pole parts, housings support stator core and rotor core, rectifier directly is connected with stator, rectifier is converted to direct current with alternating current, and voltage regulating device is regulated field supply to control the electric power that produces, and the transistor in voltage regulating device is connected with the high-voltage side of field coil, thereby when generator was not worked, field coil can not bear voltage.Rotor core and axle together rotate, and axle is connected with a belt pulley, and to the vehicle motor (not shown), provide power drive and rotation.
Below with reference to figure, magnetic circuit is described in detail.The yoke section outer radius of rotor core is made as R
2, the outer radius of claw-like pole parts is made as R
3Be made as S2 at the section with described rotor core yoke, the root section of claw-like magnetic pole piece is made as S3; The direction of principal axis length of described stator core is made as L1, and the length of rotor core yoke section is made as L2.
If rotor core magnetic pole logarithm P is 6 pairs, X
2=13.5mm, R
3=50.15mm, the space δ of generator (space between stator core 2 and rotor core 3) equal the value of usually using, i.e. 0.35mm, and the structure of claw-like magnetic pole is that internal side diameter is compared with outside diameter in the situation that appearance equidistantly dwindles:
Cross-sectional area S2 with reference to the yoke part is as follows:
S2=W·X
2
W=2Sin15
0·πR
3/(2P)
Wherein " P " represents rotor core magnetic pole logarithm
The cross-sectional area S3 of claw-like magnetic pole piece root is as follows:
S3=π{R
3 2?-(R
3-X
1)
2}/(2P)
Work as X
1=0.5X
2The time, S3/S2=0.47
Work as X
1=0.9X
2The time, S3/S2=0.80
Work as X
1=X
2The time, S3/S2=0.90
As previously mentioned, R
2/ R
3Ratio less than 0.54, as 0.53; The cross-sectional area of a magnet exciting coil larger than existing structure can be provided, make in the situation that do not increase field supply a compact conformation and dynamical generator are provided.
In the present invention, as shown in Figure 9, for example: the magnetic pole logarithm of rotor core is 6 o'clock, one-sided 15 degree, the X of being reduced into of claw-like magnetic pole sectional area
1=X
2The time, S3/S2 is more than 0.9, the stator core outer diameter D
0For 128mm, the R of claw-like pole parts
3Equal 50.15mm.
In the present invention, as shown in figure 10, for example: the magnetic pole logarithm of rotor core is 6 o'clock, and when claw-like magnetic pole sectional area one-sided spent less than 15, S3/S2 was more than 0.9, and the stator core external diameter is 128mm, the R of claw-like pole parts
3Equal 50.15mm.
In the present invention, the ratio of S3/S2 is greater than 0.9, the ratio of S3/S2 preferably is made as 0.90~0.98, as 0.93,0.95,0.97, the magnetic density of claw-like pole parts can be in the scope an of the best like this, simultaneously, can prevent from causing because S3 is too small the magnetic saturation of claw-like pole parts, reduce the electric power output of generator.
In the present invention, the ratio of L1/L2, greater than 1, is preferably 1.10~1.40, as 1.26, magnetic flux can directly divide the inflow stator core from yoke, and does not make stator core long and strengthen the weight of generator, and the generator electric power that affect per unit weight is exported.
Figure 10 is the zoomed-in view that Fig. 8 sees from the column part direction of rotor core, the one-sided a that is reduced into of described claw-like magnetic pole sectional area, and the change by a changes S3.
One-sided the dwindling of above-mentioned claw-like magnetic pole sectional area is preferably less than 15 degree, is preferably 0.
The advantage of the embodiment of the present invention is proved by experiment.Figure 12 represents relation and the experimental result of S3/S2 and synthetic magnetic resistance R, and when S3/S2 ratio and L1/L2 ratio changed as parameter, ordinate represented synthetic magnetic resistance R, and abscissa represents the S3/S2 ratio.Can find out fully, by enlarging S3, synthetic magnetic resistance R can significantly reduce.Particularly, L1/L2 is 1.26 o'clock successfuls.This expression, the magnetic resistance of claw-like magnetic pole piece of magnetic flux phi 1 that flows into and from the claw-like magnetic pole piece, through space, flow into stator through S3 is high, by increasing S3, can effectively relax herein magnetic resistance.As shown in the figure S3/S2 is made as more than 0.9, just can reduces approximately more than 5% with synthesizing magnetic resistance R.Moreover L1/L2 be 1.26 o'clock be that S3/S2 is 1.0 o'clock, magnetic resistance can reduce approximately 10%, therefore can provide magnetic flux to increase and export high alternating current generator.
In Figure 11, ordinate represents the generator electric power output of per unit weight.The experimental result demonstration, when S3/S2 equals 0.96, the relation between the output of the generator electric power of per unit weight and L1/L2 ratio.
In Figure 13, ordinate represents the generator electric power output of per unit weight.The experimental result demonstration, when the L1/L2 ratio is 1.26, the relation between the output of the generator electric power of per unit weight and S3/S2 ratio.
In Figure 14, ordinate represents the generator electric power output of per unit weight.Experimental result shows, works as R
2/ R
3Equal 0.53, the generator electric power output of per unit weight and the relation between the L1/L2 ratio.
In Figure 15, ordinate represents the generator electric power output of per unit weight.The experimental result demonstration, when the L1/L2 ratio is 1.26, the output of the generator electric power of per unit weight and R
2/ R
3Relation between ratio.
Prove absolutely that from Figure 11 to Figure 16 the Rational Parameters that the present invention selects can guarantee that all the generator electric power output of per unit weight is more than 31.5A/Kg.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the stator core external diameter is 128mm, the R of claw-like pole parts
3Equal 50.15mm.Even, when stator outer diameter is 139mm, 144mm, also can obtain good equally result.R when the claw-like pole parts
3While being arranged in 50mm~60mm scope, it is effective that the parameter of the embodiment of the present invention arranges scope.When the magnetic pole logarithm of rotor core equals other value, for example 7 or 8 o'clock, also can obtain good equally result.