CN102385208A - Electrochromic module and display device combined with the electrochromic module - Google Patents

Abstract

The electrochromic module comprises a first transparent substrate and a second transparent substrate, wherein a transparent conductive element and an electrochromic layer are arranged between the two substrates, and the electrochromic layer is prepared by dissolving an indicator in a solvent. Therefore, the ion valence number in the material is changed by utilizing electrons, and when the ion valence number is reduced by the provided electrons and the electrons disappear to generate oxidation to cause the color change behavior, the electrochromic speed of the material is faster and more uniform than that of the existing electrochromic material, and the material has the advantages of fast coloring and fading and smaller driving voltage, and is different from a color change mechanism of the organic electrochromic material in which the coloring is faded by the self redox reaction.

Description

Electrochromic module and display device combined with the electrochromic module

technical field

An electrochromic module, in particular an electrochromic module with redox reaction materials, and a display device using the electrochromic module.

Background technique

Electrochromism (EC for short) material means that under the action of current or electric field, the electrochromism material undergoes light absorption or light scattering, resulting in a reversible change in color. Electrochromic materials can be divided into inorganic electrochromic materials and organic electrochromic materials according to material types. In practical applications, they should have the following characteristics: (1) good electrochemical redox reversibility, (2) color change response time Fast, (3) color change is reversible, (4) color change sensitivity is high, (5) long cycle life, (6) has a certain storage memory function and (7) good chemical stability.

The currently well-known electrochromic patented technologies are all made of transition element oxides or hydroxides or their derivatives into inorganic solid films or mixed with organic compounds/electrolyte materials to form composite materials, through electrons and additional ion sources (Electrolyte or second electrochromic material) causes ions to enter the lattice to cause discoloration, such as WO3, Ni(OH)2, Prussian blue, etc. In addition to the above-mentioned electrochromic materials, the performance of inorganic electrochromic materials is stable, and its light absorption changes are caused by double injection and double extraction of ions and electrons. Organic electrochromic materials include polyaniline, viologen and Rare earth phthalocyanines, etc., have a variety of rich colors, and are also formed by redox reactions of organic substances themselves. Although the speed is faster than that of inorganic materials, they also have problems with environmental protection and toxicity.

The general stereoscopic image display technology uses binocular disparity to receive different images through the left and right eyes, and finally fuses them into a stereoscopic image in the brain. In naked-eye stereoscopic display technology, it can be roughly divided into two types according to its structure: lenticular and barrier. Electrochromic materials are used to achieve the barrier, and it has the ability to switch to display stereoscopic images or flat surfaces. Stereoscopic image display device for images, related patents such as:

Taiwan Patent Publication, Announcement No. M368088 "Integrated Electrochromic 2D/3D Display", Announcement No. M371902 "Display Device for Switching 2D Planar Image/3D Stereoscopic Image Display Screen", Announcement No. I296723 " A color filter for a liquid crystal panel that can form a stereoscopic image and its manufacturing method” and U.S. Patent Publication No. 2006087499 “Autostereoscopic 3D display device and fabrication method thereof”, etc., the above patents all use electrochromic materials It is used as a parallax barrier device for displaying stereoscopic images, but the common defect in the structure of M368088 and M371902 is that they lack the necessary electrolyte layer for electrochromic devices. Due to the lack of electrolyte layers that can provide ions to the electrochromic layer, electrochromic The device will not be able to produce reversible reactions of oxidation or reduction to complete coloring or decolorization changes, so these patents should not be implemented in practice; in addition, the transparent electrode layer and the electrochromic material layer of the parallax barrier device are set in a fence pattern , the layered coating, sputtering or etching in the manufacturing process, as well as the accurate alignment of each laminated layer, the manufacturing process is quite complicated, and all laminated layers are set as a fence pattern, resulting in a hollow between each fence and fence The area will affect the overall light penetration, refraction or reflection, even for general 2D display, it may also affect the image quality of the display, causing problems such as color difference or uneven brightness; and I296723 is embedded in the LCD and formed in the color filter The structure of the light sheet, and the electrochromic layers in all the above patents use existing electrochromic materials and color-changing mechanisms, which require a large driving voltage, so it is easy to cause material defects and short service life.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above-mentioned requirements, the inventor of the present invention has studied intensively and accumulated many years of personal experience in this business, and finally designed a brand-new "electrochromic module and a display device combined with the electrochromic module".

An object of the present invention is to provide an electrochromic module with reduced thickness and simplified manufacturing process.

An object of the present invention is to provide an electrochromic module that does not require an additional electrolyte.

An object of the present invention is to provide an electrochromic module with fast coloring/fading, high cycle life and low driving voltage.

One object of the present invention is to provide an electrochromic module which has the advantages of organic/inorganic electrochromic materials but has no disadvantages.

An object of the present invention is to provide an electrochromic module capable of deepening the color of the electrochromic material.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the main body of the electrochromic module of the present invention is prepared by dissolving an indicator in a solvent. The indicator includes a redox indicator, a pH indicator, and the like. , so that the ion valence in the electrochromic material changes and changes color, especially the concept that the valence is provided by electrons to produce reduction, and the electron disappears to produce oxidation, so that the electrochromic speed is faster and more uniform than the existing electrochromic materials, and The driving voltage is small and the life is long. This type of electrochromic material can be used in related applications such as displays, e-books, 2D/3D conversion display devices, rear-view mirrors, and smart glass.

To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the electrochromic module of the present invention comprises a first transparent substrate, a second transparent substrate, an electrochromic layer arranged between the first and second transparent substrates, and a transparent conductive element, wherein the The transparent conductive element is arranged on the surface of the first transparent substrate, or on the surface of the second substrate, or on the corresponding surfaces of the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate at the same time, then the electrochromic layer passes through the The electrons provided by the transparent conductive element change the valence of ions in its structure to change the color.

In addition, another structure of the electrochromic module of the present invention includes a first transparent substrate, a second transparent substrate, an electrochromic layer and an ion layer disposed between the first and second transparent substrates, and a transparent conductive element , the transparent conductive element is arranged on the surface of the first transparent substrate, or on the surface of the second substrate, or on the corresponding surfaces of the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate at the same time, however, the electrochromic The material of the layer is selected from general organic/inorganic electrochromic materials, and the ionic layer is prepared by dissolving the indicator in a solvent. The ionic layer is used as the ion provider of the electrochromic layer, but it is different from the existing electrochromic layer Compared with the discoloration effect of common electrolytes, the color of the electrochromic layer matched with the ion layer will be deepened accordingly.

In another embodiment of the present invention, when the electrochromic module is used as a mask for a stereoscopic image display, the electrochromic module has two configuration methods, the first method uses the ion layer to replace the existing electrolyte layer, and The electrochromic layer is arranged in strips at intervals, the ionic layer can be encapsulated between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate, or the ionic layer can correspond to the position and quantity of the electrochromic layers arranged at intervals. A plurality of barrier units are respectively packaged between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate; in the second method, the ion layer is directly used as an electrochromic layer, and the electrochromic layer is arranged at intervals by using a plurality of barrier units The method is provided between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate; both of the above two methods can make the electrochromic layer form a light-shielding area of the grid body, that is, form a light barrier (Barrier).

Another object of the present invention is to provide a display device that uses the electrochromic module and can switch between display states of 2D images and 3D images.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a display device that increases the contact area between the electrochromic module and the electrodes, and increases the discoloration rate.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention combines the above-mentioned electrochromic module with an image display module to form the display device. When the display device is converted from a plane image to a three-dimensional image, the displayed image will be divided into left-eye image and right-eye image. The eye image, at this time, the transparent conductive element is electrically conductive, so that the color of the electrochromic layer changes from transparent to dark in the light-shielding area, and is generated in the electrochromic module according to the state of the interval arrangement between the electrochromic modules Multiple light-shielding areas arranged at intervals, the images passing through the multiple light-shielding areas are divided into three-dimensional images of left-eye images and right-eye images, and partial overlapping image areas are eliminated through the light-shielding areas, which will not be generated after being accepted by the naked eye. moiré; moreover, when displaying a general stereoscopic image, two additional devices, lenticular or barrier, are added to the display, but through the "electrochromic module and the combination of the electrochromic When displaying a stereoscopic image, the display device can directly display a stereoscopic image that has been divided into a left-eye image and a right-eye image.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a first preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the first preferred embodiment.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the second preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of a third preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a third preferred embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view of a fourth preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a fourth preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a fifth preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a sixth preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view of a seventh preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a cross-sectional view of an eighth preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 12 is a sectional view of a ninth preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 13 is a sectional view of a tenth preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 14 is a sectional view of an eleventh preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 15 is a sectional view of a twelfth preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 16 is a sectional view of a thirteenth preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 17 is a sectional view of a fourteenth preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 18 is a first structural top view of transparent conductive elements arranged in a staggered manner according to the present invention.

Fig. 19 is the second top view of the structure of the transparent conductive elements arranged in a staggered manner according to the present invention.

Fig. 20 is an exploded perspective view of a fifteenth preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 21 is a sectional view of a fifteenth preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 22 is a cross-sectional view of a sixteenth preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 23 is a cross-sectional view of a seventeenth preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 24 is a sectional view of an eighteenth preferred embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to enable your examiners to clearly understand the content of the present invention, the following descriptions are provided together with the drawings, please refer to them.

Figure 1 and Figure 2 are three-dimensional exploded schematic diagrams and cross-sectional views of the first preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in the figures, the electrochromic module 1 of the present invention includes: a first transparent substrate 11, a second transparent substrate 12 with an electrochromic layer 13, wherein:

The upper surface of the first transparent substrate 11 is provided with a first transparent conductive element 111, and the materials of the first transparent substrate 11 and the second transparent substrate 12 are plastic, polymer plastic, glass or resin, polyethylene Terephthalate (Polyethylene Terephthalate, PET), polycarbonate (Poly Carbonate, PC), polyethylene (polyethylene, PE), polyvinyl chloride (Poly Vinyl Chloride, PVC), polypropylene (PolyPropylene, PP), One of polystyrene (Poly Styrene, PS), polymethylmethacrylate (Polymethylmethacrylate, PMMA) or its mixture of plastic polymers; and the material of the first transparent conductive element 111 is selected from indium tin oxide (Indium tin oxide) Tin Oxide, ITO), indium zinc oxide (Indium Zinc Oxide, IZO), zinc aluminum oxide (Al-doped ZnO, AZO) or tin antimony oxide (AntimonyTin Oxide, ATO) composed of doped oxide (Impurity-Doped Oxide) ) group or one of them is carbon nanotube (carbon nanotube).

The electrochromic layer 13 is arranged between the first transparent substrate 11 and the second transparent substrate 12, and covers the surface of the first transparent conductive element 111, and the material of the electrochromic layer 13 is obtained by mixing an indicator and a solvent. The electrochromic layer 13 itself has the characteristics of oxidation and reduction reactions at the same time. The principle of color change is that electrons are provided by conductive elements to change the valence of ions in the electrochromic material to change color, and the valence is provided by electrons. The concept of reduction occurs, and electron disappears to generate oxidation. Compared with the existing electrochromic electron and ion migration and migration to achieve color change mechanism, the electrochromic speed of the present invention is fast and uniform, and the driving voltage is small and the service life is long.

The indicator (indicator) includes redox indicator (Redox Indicator), pH indicator (acid-base indicator) and the like.

Among them, the redox indicator (Redox Indicator) is an indicator used in redox titration, which can produce obvious color changes at a specific electrode potential, and is generally an organic reagent with redox properties itself. The reduced forms come in different colors and there are two common types of redox indicators: metal-organic complexes, organic redox systems, etc. Almost all redox indicators and organic redox systems involve protons (i.e. H ⁺ ) as participants in electrochemical reactions, so according to this characteristic, redox indicators can also be divided into two types: pH-dependent redox indicators reagents, and pH-independent redox indicators. pH-independent redox indicators include: 2,2'-bipyridyl ruthenium complex ion, 5-nitrophenanthrite complex ion, N-phenylanthranilic acid, 1,10-o-diazepine complex ion Ferrous complex ion, wool poppy red, paraquat, 2,2'-bipyridyl ferrous complex ion, 5,6-dimethyl-o-phenanthrin complex ion, 3,3'-dimethoxy Benzidine, sodium diphenylamine sulfonate, N,N'-diphenylbenzidine, diphenylamine, viologen, etc., but some indicators are toxic; and pH-dependent redox indicators include: dichlorophenol indophenol Sodium, sodium o-cresol indo, thionine, methylene blue, indigo tetrasulfonic acid, indigo trisulfonic acid, indigo carmine, indigo monosulfonic acid, phenol safranin, safranin T, neutral red, etc.

Among them, the pH indicator (acid-base indicator) is a chemical reagent used to test the pH value. It is a weak acid or weak base and contains a pigment. When it is dropped into the solution, the pigment will combine with hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions and convert into corresponding The acidic or basic formula, thus showing different colors, because the pH indicator can produce reversible color changes in solutions of different pH values, so in the neutralization analysis, it indicates the end of the reaction and can measure the pH value of the test solution , Commonly used pH indicators in the laboratory include: phenol red, Congo red, methyl orange, phenolphthalein, thymol blue, litmus, methyl violet, malachite green, methyl yellow, bromophenol blue, bromocresol Green, methyl red, bromocresol purple, bromothymol blue, thymolphthalein (Thymolphthalein), alizarin yellow R, etc.

A preferred embodiment of the electrochromic layer of the present invention uses the redox indicator methylene blue (Methylene blue, C ₁₆ H ₁₈ ClN ₃ S 3H ₂ O), dichlorophenol indophenol sodium (Dichlorophenolindophenol sodium, C ₁₂ H ₆ Cl ₂ NNaO ₂ ), and pH indicator Variamine Blue B Diazonium salt B (Variamine Blue B Diazonium salt, C ₁₃ H ₁₂ ClN ₃ O) mixed with a solvent, and the material of the solvent can be dimethyl Sulfoxide ((CH ₃ ) ₂ SO), propylene carbonate (C ₄ H ₆ O ₃ ) or water (H ₂ O), etc.

In addition, the electrochromic layer 13 prepared above is mostly in a liquid state, and can also be mixed with conductive polymers to form an electrochromic ink, which can be used in conjunction with screen printing.

Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the second preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in the figure, compared with the first preferred embodiment, the difference is that a second transparent conductive element 121 is provided on the lower surface of the second transparent substrate 12 The difference between the first preferred embodiment and the second preferred embodiment is that the arrangement of the device for providing electrons is different, and it does not affect the discoloration mechanism of the electrochromic layer, but the concentration and potential of the indicator dissolved in the solvent can be adjusted. The color display effect of the electrochromic layer 13 is controlled by the difference between the polarity of the solvent, the polarity of the solvent, the pH value, the distance between the two poles and the dielectric constant.

Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 are three-dimensional exploded schematic diagrams and cross-sectional views of the third preferred embodiment of the present invention. The material of the electrochromic layer 13 in the first and second preferred embodiments has the characteristics of redox reaction at the same time, except itself In addition to being used as an electrochromic layer, it can also be used in existing electrochromic materials to replace the general electrolyte layer, so that the color changing effect of the overall electrochromic module 1 is more significant, for example: using WO ₃ as an electrochromic The oxidation state of WO ₃ is blue when the chromic layer is combined with a general electrolyte layer, but combined with the ionic layer prepared by the material of the present invention, the electrochromic module presents a dark blue color with better effect.

The electrochromic module 1 of the third preferred embodiment of the present invention includes: a first transparent substrate 11, a second transparent substrate 12, an electrochromic layer 13 and an ion layer 15, wherein:

The upper surface of the first transparent substrate 11 is provided with a first transparent conductive element 111, the lower surface of the second transparent substrate 12 is provided with a second transparent conductive element 121, and the material of the first transparent substrate 11 and the second transparent substrate 12 It is plastic, polymer plastic, glass or is selected from resin, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (Poly Carbonate, PC), polyethylene (polyethylene, PE), polyvinyl chloride ( Poly Vinyl Chloride, PVC), polypropylene (Poly Propylene, PP), polystyrene (Poly Styrene, PS), polymethylmethacrylate (Polymethylmethacrylate, PMMA) or one of the plastic polymers blended with them; and the The material of the first transparent conductive element 111 and the second transparent conductive element 121 is selected from indium tin oxide (Indium Tin Oxide, ITO), indium zinc oxide (IndiumZinc Oxide, IZO), zinc aluminum oxide (Al-doped ZnO, AZO) ) or one of the group of Impurity-Doped Oxides composed of Antimony Tin Oxide (ATO) or carbon nanotubes (carbon nanotube).

The electrochromic layer 13 is made of a transition metal element oxide or an organic compound group selected from anodic coloration, cathodic coloration, and cathodic/anodic coloration. One, generally speaking, the anode color (anodic coloration) material is mainly selected from chromium oxide (Cr ₂ O ₃ ), nickel oxide (NiO _x ), iridium oxide (IrO ₂ ), manganese oxide (MnO ₂ ), ferrous Anodic coloration (anodiccoloration) transition metal element oxide composed of iron cyanide Fe ₄ [Fe(CN) ₆ ] ₃ or nickel hydroxide Ni(OH) ₂ ; cathodic coloration (cathodic coloration) material is mainly selected from tungsten oxide ( WO ₃ ), molybdenum oxide (MoO ₃ ), niobium oxide (Nb ₂ O ₃ ), titanium oxide (TiO ₂ ), strontium titanate (SrTiO ₃ ), cathodic coloration transition metal oxides; The cathodic/anodic coloration material is mainly composed of vanadium pentoxide (V ₂ O ₅ ), rhodium oxide (Rh ₂ O ₃ ) or cobalt oxide (CoO _x ) cathodic/anodic coloration) oxides of transition metal elements, and oxides of transition metal elements such as tantalum pentoxide (Ta ₂ O ₅ ) that can also be used as solid electrolytes and ion-conducting layers.

The ion layer 15 is located on the surface of the electrochromic layer 13, and serves as the ion supply, storage and color complementing functions of the electrochromic layer 13. Its material is prepared by mixing an indicator and a solvent. The indicator (indicator ) includes a redox indicator (Redox Indicator), a pH indicator (acid-base indicator) and the like. Among them, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, methylene blue (Methylene blue, C ₁₆ H ₁₈ ClN ₃ S·3H ₂ O), dichlorophenolindophenol sodium (C ₁₂ H ₆ Cl ₂ NNaO ₂ ) and Variamine Blue B Diazonium salt (C ₁₃ H ₁₂ ClN ₃ O) are dissolved in a solvent, and the solvent can be dimethyl sulfoxide ((CH ₃ ) ₂ SO), propylene carbonate (C ₄ H ₆ O ₃ ) or water (H ₂ O), etc.

The electrochromic layer 13 can be arranged on the first transparent substrate 11 by sol-gel method (sol-gel), vacuum sputtering (sputtering) method, electroplating (plating) method, laser etching method, etc., and the ion layer 15 Most of them are in liquid state and need to be packaged between the first and second transparent substrates 11 and 12. Therefore, they can be mixed with conductive polymers to form electrochromic inks, which can be used in conjunction with screen printing.

The electrochromic modules described in the first, second, and third preferred embodiments above can be applied to displays, e-books, 2D/3D display devices, rear-view mirrors, and smart glass, etc., as shown in Figures 6 and 7 of the present invention The three-dimensional exploded schematic diagram and cross-sectional view of the fourth preferred embodiment are the application of the aforementioned device to a flat/three-dimensional display device. As shown in the figure, the display device of the present invention is an electrochromic module 1 combined with an image display module 2 on, where:

The image display module 2 is used to display a planar image and a stereoscopic image, and the displayed stereoscopic image can be generated by software, firmware or hardware technology, for example, the planar image is converted into a left-eye image and a right-eye image by software or firmware. The superimposed image of the eye image, the image display device 2 can be a liquid crystal display (Liquid Crystal Display, LCD), a plasma display (Plasma Display Panel, PDP), a surface conduction electron emission display (Surface conduction Electron-emitter Display, SED), One of Field Emission Display (Field Emission Display, FED), Vacuum Fluorescent Display (Vacuum Fluorescent Display, VFD), Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) or Electronic Paper (E-Paper).

The electrochromic module 1 is combined on the surface of the image display module 2, which includes a first transparent substrate 11, a second transparent substrate 12 and a plurality of electrochromic layers 13, wherein:

The upper surface of the first transparent substrate 11 is provided with a first transparent conductive element 111, the materials of the first transparent substrate 11 and the second transparent substrate 12, and the material of the first transparent conductive element 111 are as described above, and will not be repeated here. be described.

The material of the plurality of electrochromic layers 13 is prepared by dissolving an indicator in a solvent, and the indicator can be a redox indicator (Redox Indicator), a pH indicator (acid-base indicator), etc. The present invention is relatively Methylene blue (Methylene blue, C ₁₆ H ₁₈ ClN ₃ S·3H ₂ O), dichlorophenol indophenol sodium (Dichlorophenolindophenol sodium, C ₁₂ H ₆ Cl ₂ NNaO ₂ ), Phalamine blue salt B ( Variamine Blue BDiazonium salt, C ₁₃ H ₁₂ ClN ₃ O) and other indicators; and the solvent can be dimethyl sulfoxide ((CH ₃ ) ₂ SO), propylene carbonate (C ₄ H ₆ O ₃ ) or water ( H ₂ O), etc. Compared with the general inorganic electrochromic layer, the inorganic electrochromic layer requires double loading of ions and electrons in the lattice, and requires a larger driving voltage, so the solution causes defects in the material, and the service life is about Only 10,000 to 20,000 times, but the concept described in the present invention only needs to change the valence of ions in the electrochromic material. Not only the driving voltage is small, but the material does not produce defects, and the life span can even reach more than 30,000 times. Moreover, the present invention is combined with an image display module as a mask for 2D/3D image display, and image display requires higher resolution and light transmittance. Compared with the existing electrochromic multilayer structure, the electrochromic The layer does not need to be combined with electrolytes or other auxiliary color-changing layers, so its thickness is greatly reduced and the light extraction rate is improved. The electrochromic layer 13 can be mixed with a conductive polymer to form an electrochromic ink, which is arranged on the upper surface of the first transparent substrate 11 by means of screen printing, etc., and covers the first transparent conductive element 111, or, as shown in FIG. 8 In the cross-sectional view of the fifth embodiment of the present invention, if the plurality of electrochromic layers 13 are liquid or gel-like, a plurality of barrier units 14 arranged at intervals are further provided between the plurality of transparent substrates 11 and 12, so that The plurality of transparent substrates 11, 12 generate a plurality of spatial regions, and the plurality of electrochromic layers 13 are disposed in the plurality of spatial regions, and a preferred embodiment of the blocking unit 14 is a photoresist.

9 and 10 are cross-sectional views of the sixth embodiment and the seventh embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the lower surface of the second transparent substrate 12 described in the fourth embodiment and the fifth embodiment may also be provided with a The second transparent conductive element 121, the sixth and seventh preferred embodiments are just different in the arrangement of the device providing electrons, which does not affect the discoloration mechanism of the electrochromic layer, but can be adjusted by adjusting the concentration of the indicator dissolved in the solvent The color display effect of the electrochromic layer 13 is controlled by the difference between the potential difference, the polarity of the solvent, the pH value, the distance between the two poles and the dielectric constant.

Fig. 11, Fig. 12, Fig. 13 and Fig. 14 are cross-sectional views of the eighth, ninth, tenth and eleventh preferred embodiments of the present invention, which are the first and second described in the fourth and fifth preferred embodiments. The transparent conductive elements 111, 121 are arranged on the surfaces of the first and second transparent substrates 11, 12 in a plurality of intervals, and correspond to the positions and numbers of the plurality of electrochromic layers 13; The first and second transparent conductive elements 111 and 121 described in the seventh preferred embodiment are arranged in multiple intervals on the surface of the first and second transparent substrates 11 and 12, and are also arranged on the multiple barrier units 14 in multiple spatial regions generated.

Figure 15 is a cross-sectional view of the twelfth preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first transparent conductive element 111 is formed with a plurality of accommodating grooves 112, and the plurality of electrochromic layers 13 are arranged in the plurality of accommodating grooves , compared with the fifth preferred embodiment, a plurality of accommodating grooves 112 are directly formed by the transparent conductive element itself, without additional barrier units 14, except that the plurality of electrochromic layers 13 can be separated into strips, The electrochromic layer 13 placed in the accommodating grooves 112 will have multiple surfaces contacting the first transparent conductive element 111 in each accommodating groove 112 , so increasing the contact area can accelerate the color changing reaction.

Fig. 16 and Fig. 17 are cross-sectional views of the thirteenth and fourteenth preferred embodiments of the present invention, wherein in the thirteenth embodiment, the first transparent conductive elements 111 are arranged at multiple intervals on the first transparent substrate 11 and the second transparent substrate 12, and make a plurality of space regions between the first and second transparent substrates 11, 12, then the plurality of electrochromic layers 13 will be respectively arranged in the plurality of space regions or, as shown in FIG. 17 in the fourteenth preferred embodiment, the plurality of first transparent conductive elements 111 and the plurality of second transparent conductive elements 121 are arranged at intervals in the first and second Between the transparent substrates 11, 12, and between the first and second transparent substrates 11, 12 create a plurality of space regions, then the plurality of electrochromic layers 13 will be respectively disposed in the plurality of space regions. The purpose of the above-mentioned setting is to use the transparent conductive element as a barrier unit. In addition to separating the plurality of electrochromic layers 13 to form a plurality of strips, the arrangement will make the electrochromic in each space area Layer 13 has two surfaces contacting the transparent conductive element to increase the contact area and improve the discoloration rate.

In addition, FIG. 18 and FIG. 19 are top views of the conductive element structure of the present invention. The aforementioned preferred embodiments of the twelfth, thirteenth and fourteenth all use the plurality of transparent conductive elements 111, 121 as barrier units, so that the multiple Each electrochromic layer is respectively placed in the space area formed by the plurality of transparent conductive elements 111, 121, and the plurality of transparent conductive elements 111, 121 can be arranged in the way shown in the drawing, that is, the plurality of first transparent conductive elements The conductive elements 111 can be arranged in a staggered manner to apply positive and negative voltages; or the plurality of first transparent conductive elements 111 and the plurality of second transparent conductive elements 121 are arranged in a staggered interval, and the plurality of first transparent conductive elements 111 give positive and negative voltages. voltage, and the plurality of second transparent conductive elements 121 give a negative voltage to form a voltage difference between each strip-shaped conductive element, but this setting method is only for illustration, other corresponding modifications and changes, All should be included in the patent scope of the present invention.

Fig. 20 and Fig. 21 are three-dimensional exploded schematic diagrams and cross-sectional views of the fifteenth preferred embodiment of the present invention, which are the application of the aforementioned third preferred embodiment to a flat/stereoscopic display device. As shown in the figure, the display device of the present invention An electrochromic module 1 is combined on an image display module 2, wherein:

The image display module 2 is used to display a planar image and a stereoscopic image, and the displayed stereoscopic image can be generated by software, firmware or hardware technology, for example, the planar image is converted into a left-eye image and a right-eye image by software or firmware. The superimposed image of the eye image, the image display module 2 can be a liquid crystal display (Liquid Crystal Display, LCD), a plasma display (Plasma Display Panel, PDP), a surface conduction electron emission display (Surface conduction Electron-emitter Display, SED), One of Field Emission Display (Field Emission Display, FED), Vacuum Fluorescent Display (Vacuum Fluorescent Display, VFD), Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) or Electronic Paper (E-Paper).

The electrochromic module 1 is combined on the surface of the image display module 2, which includes a first transparent substrate 11, a second transparent substrate 12, a plurality of electrochromic layers 13, and a plurality of ion layers 15, wherein:

The upper surface of the first transparent substrate 11 is provided with a first transparent conductive element 111, and the lower surface of the second transparent substrate 12 is provided with a second transparent conductive element 121. The materials of the first transparent substrate 11 and the second transparent substrate 12 are , and the materials of the first transparent conductive element 111 and the second transparent conductive element 121 are as mentioned above, and will not be described here.

The plurality of electrochromic layers 13 are one of transition metal element oxides or organic compounds selected from anode coloration (anodic coloration), cathode color change (cathodic coloration), cathode/anodic coloration (cathodic/anodic coloration) , the materials of each group are as mentioned above, and will not be described here, and the plurality of electrochromic layers 13 produce color changes through the electrical conduction between the first transparent conductive element 111 and the second transparent conductive element 121 .

The ion layer 15 is located on the surface of the electrochromic layer 13, and serves as the ion supply, storage and color complementing functions of the electrochromic layer 13. Its material is prepared by mixing an indicator and a solvent. The indicator (indicator ) includes a redox indicator (Redox Indicator), a pH indicator (acid-base indicator) and the like. Among them, the preferred embodiment of the present invention is to use methylene blue (Methylene blue, C ₁₆ H ₁₈ ClN ₃ S 3H ₂ O), dichlorophenol indophenol sodium (Dichlorophenolindophenol sodium, C ₁₂ H ₆ Cl ₂ NNaO ₂ ) and Variamine Blue B Diazonium salt B (Variamine Blue B Diazonium salt, C ₁₃ H ₁₂ ClN ₃ O) dissolved in a solvent, and the solvent can be dimethyl sulfoxide ((CH ₃ ) ₂ SO), propylene carbonate Ester (C ₄ H ₆ O ₃ ) or water (H ₂ O), etc.

The electrochromic layer 13 can be disposed on the first transparent substrate 11 by means of sol-gel method, sputtering method, plating method, laser etching method, etc., and the ion layer 15 is mostly liquid and needs to be packaged between the first and second transparent substrates 11 and 12. Therefore, it can be mixed with conductive polymers to form electrochromic inks, which can be used in conjunction with screen printing.

Fig. 22 is a cross-sectional view of the sixteenth preferred embodiment of the present invention. Compared with the fifteenth preferred embodiment, the difference lies in that the plurality of first transparent conductive elements 111 are arranged at intervals on the first transparent 11 on the substrate, and the plurality of second transparent conductive elements 121 are arranged at intervals on the second transparent substrate 12 .

As mentioned above, if the ionic layer 15 is in the form of liquid or gel, a plurality of barrier units 14 arranged at intervals are further arranged between the first transparent substrate 11 and the second transparent substrate 12. The best implementation form of the unit 14 is a photoresist. FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view of the seventeenth preferred embodiment of the present invention. A plurality of barrier units 14 arranged at intervals are arranged between the plurality of transparent substrates 11 and 12, so that the first 1. A plurality of spatial regions are generated between the second transparent substrates 11 and 12, and the plurality of electrochromic layers 14 and the plurality of ion layers 15 are respectively arranged in the plurality of spatial regions; FIG. 24 is an eighteenth embodiment of the present invention. Compared with the aforementioned sixteenth preferred embodiment, the cross-sectional view of the preferred embodiment is different in that a plurality of barrier units 14 arranged at intervals are arranged between the first and second transparent substrates 11 and 12, so that the first 1. Multiple space regions are generated between the second transparent substrates 11 and 12, then the multiple first transparent conductive elements 111, the multiple second transparent conductive elements 121, the multiple electrochromic layers 14, and the multiple The ion layers 15 are respectively provided in the plurality of spatial regions.

To sum up, in the fourth to eighteenth embodiments of the present invention, the electrochromic module 1 cooperates with the image display module 2, that is, the electrochromic module 1 is arranged on the image projection surface of the image display module 2, When the image display module 2 displays the processed multiple images (divided into left-eye image L and right-eye image R), through the light-shielding regions formed by the plurality of electrochromic layers 13 arranged at intervals, it is visible to the naked eye. After receiving, there will be no moire, and a three-dimensional image will be formed.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention; any equivalent changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered. within the patent scope of the present invention.

Claims (83)

1. An electrochromic module, is characterized in that, it comprises: A first transparent substrate, the upper surface of which is provided with at least one first transparent conductive element; a second transparent substrate; and An electrochromic layer is arranged between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate, and the material of the electrochromic layer is prepared by dissolving an indicator in a solvent. 2. The electrochromic module according to claim 1, wherein the first and second transparent substrates are made of plastic, polymer plastic, glass or selected from resin, polyethylene terephthalate , polycarbonate, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polystyrene, and polymethyl methacrylate are one of the plastic polymer groups. 3. The electrochromic module according to claim 1, wherein the material of the first transparent conductive element is a doped oxide selected from indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, zinc aluminum oxide and tin antimony oxide. one of the group of objects. 4. The electrochromic module according to claim 1, wherein the first transparent conductive element is made of carbon nanotubes. 5. The electrochromic module according to claim 1, wherein the indicator is a redox indicator or a pH indicator. 6. The electrochromic module according to claim 5, wherein the redox indicator is methylene blue or sodium dichlorophenol indophenol. 7. The electrochromic module according to claim 5, wherein the pH indicator is Phalamine blue salt B. 8. The electrochromic module according to claim 1, wherein the solvent is made of dimethyl sulfoxide, propylene carbonate or water. 9 . The electrochromic module according to claim 1 , when there are multiple first transparent conductive elements, they are disposed on the first transparent substrate in a spaced arrangement. 10. An electrochromic module, characterized in that it comprises: A first transparent substrate, the upper surface of which is provided with a first transparent conductive element; A second transparent substrate, the lower surface of which is provided with a second transparent conductive element; an electrochromic layer, disposed between the first transparent conductive element and the second transparent conductive element, which produces a color change according to the electrical conduction between the first and second transparent conductive elements; and An ion layer is arranged on the surface of the electrochromic layer, and the material of the ion layer is prepared by dissolving an indicator in a solvent. 11. The electrochromic module according to claim 10, wherein the first and second transparent substrates are made of plastic, polymer plastic, glass or selected from resin, polyethylene terephthalate , polycarbonate, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate composed of one of the plastic polymer group. 12. The electrochromic module according to claim 10, wherein the material of the first transparent conductive element is a doped oxide selected from indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, zinc aluminum oxide and tin antimony oxide. One of the Impurity-Doped Oxides group. 13. The electrochromic module according to claim 10, wherein the first transparent conductive element is made of carbon nanotubes. 14 . The electrochromic module according to claim 10 , wherein the electrochromic layer is an anodic color-changing electrochromic layer, a cathodic color-changing electrochromic layer or a cathodic/anodic color-changing electrochromic layer. 15. The electrochromic module as claimed in claim 14, wherein the material of the anode color-changing electrochromic layer is selected from chromium oxide, nickel oxide, iridium oxide, manganese oxide, nickel hydroxide, tantalum pentoxide One of the anodic color-changing transition metal element oxide groups composed of ferrocyanide and ferrocyanide. 16. The electrochromic module according to claim 14, wherein the material of the cathode-chromic electrochromic layer is selected from tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, niobium oxide, titanium oxide, strontium titanate or tantalum pentoxide One of the cathodic color transition metal element oxide groups formed. 17. The electrochromic module according to claim 14, wherein the material of the cathode/anode color-changing electrochromic layer is a cathode/anode color-changing transition metal element selected from vanadium oxide, rhodium oxide or cobalt oxide. One of the oxide groups. 18. The electrochromic module according to claim 10, wherein the indicator is a redox indicator or a pH indicator. 19. The electrochromic module according to claim 18, wherein the redox indicator is methylene blue or sodium dichlorophenol indophenol. 20. The electrochromic module according to claim 18, wherein the pH indicator is Phalamine blue salt B. 21. The electrochromic module according to claim 10, wherein the solvent is made of dimethyl sulfoxide, propylene carbonate or water. 22. A display device, characterized in that it comprises: An image display module for displaying a planar image and a stereoscopic image; An electrochromic module, located on the surface of the image display module, includes: A first transparent substrate, the surface of which is provided with at least one first transparent conductive element; a second transparent substrate; and A plurality of electrochromic layers are arranged at intervals between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate, and the material of the plurality of electrochromic layers is prepared by dissolving an indicator in a solvent. 23. The display device as claimed in claim 22, wherein the plurality of electrochromic layers are further mixed with a conductive polymer material. 24. The display device according to claim 23, wherein the plurality of electrochromic layers are screen-printed on the surface of the first transparent substrate. 25. The display device according to claim 22, characterized in that, the first and second transparent substrates are made of plastic, polymer plastic, glass or selected from resin, polyethylene terephthalate, polyester One of the plastic polymer groups composed of carbonate, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polystyrene, and polymethyl methacrylate. 26. The display device according to claim 22, wherein the material of the first transparent conductive element is a group of doped oxides selected from the group consisting of indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, zinc aluminum oxide, and tin antimony oxide. one of the group. 27. The display device as claimed in claim 22, wherein the first transparent conductive element is made of carbon nanotubes. 28. The display device according to claim 22, wherein the indicator is a redox indicator or a pH indicator. 29. The display device according to claim 28, wherein the redox indicator is methylene blue or sodium dichlorophenol indophenol. 30. The display device as claimed in claim 28, wherein the pH indicator is Phalamine Blue Salt B. 31. The display device as claimed in claim 22, wherein the solvent is made of dimethyl sulfoxide, propylene carbonate or water. 32. The display device as claimed in claim 22, further comprising at least one second transparent conductive element disposed on the surface of the second transparent substrate. 33. The display device according to claim 22, wherein when there are multiple first transparent conductive elements, they are disposed on the first transparent substrate in a spaced arrangement. 34. The display device according to claim 33, wherein the plurality of electrochromic layers are disposed between the plurality of first transparent conductive elements. 35. The display device according to claim 22, wherein the first transparent conductive element is further formed with a plurality of accommodating grooves, and the plurality of electrochromic layers are disposed in the plurality of accommodating grooves. 36. The display device according to claim 32, wherein when there are multiple second transparent conductive elements, they are disposed on the second transparent substrate in a spaced arrangement. 37. The display device according to claim 22, wherein a plurality of barrier units arranged at intervals are further provided between the plurality of transparent substrates, and the plurality of electrochromic layers are disposed between the plurality of barrier units. 38. The display device as claimed in claim 37, wherein the barrier units are a photoresist. 39. The display device according to claim 32, wherein when the first transparent conductive element and the second transparent conductive element are respectively multiple, they are sequentially arranged between the first and second transparent substrates The plurality of electrochromic layers are disposed between a first transparent conductive element of the plurality of first transparent conductive elements and a second transparent conductive element of the plurality of second transparent conductive elements. 40. A display device, characterized in that it comprises: An image display module for displaying a planar image and a stereoscopic image; An electrochromic module, located on the surface of the image display module, includes: A first transparent substrate, the upper surface of which is provided with a plurality of first transparent conductive elements arranged at intervals; a second transparent substrate; A plurality of electrochromic layers are arranged between the plurality of first transparent conductive elements and the second transparent substrate, and the material of the plurality of electrochromic layers is prepared by dissolving an indicator in a solvent; and A plurality of barrier units are arranged between the plurality of electrochromic layers. 41. The display device according to claim 40, wherein the plurality of electrochromic layers are further mixed with a conductive polymer material. 42. The display device as claimed in claim 41, wherein the plurality of electrochromic layers are screen-printed on the surface of the first transparent substrate. 43. The display device according to claim 40, wherein the plurality of transparent substrates are made of plastic, polymer plastic, glass, or a material selected from resin, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, One of the plastic polymer groups composed of polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polystyrene, and polymethyl methacrylate. 44. The display device according to claim 40, wherein the material of the first transparent conductive element is a group of doped oxides selected from the group consisting of indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, zinc aluminum oxide, and tin antimony oxide. one of the group. 45. The display device as claimed in claim 40, wherein the first transparent conductive element is made of carbon nanotubes. 46. The display device according to claim 40, wherein the indicator is a redox indicator or a pH indicator. 47. The display device according to claim 45, wherein the redox indicator is methylene blue or sodium dichlorophenol indophenol. 48. The display device as claimed in claim 45, wherein the pH indicator is Phalamine Blue Salt B. 49. The display device according to claim 40, wherein the solvent is made of dimethyl sulfoxide, propylene carbonate or water. 50. The display device as claimed in claim 40, further comprising a plurality of second transparent conductive elements arranged at intervals on the lower surface of the second transparent substrate. 51. The display device as claimed in claim 40, wherein the barrier units are a photoresist. 52. A display device, characterized in that it comprises: An image display module for displaying a planar image and a stereoscopic image; An electrochromic module, located on the surface of the image display module, includes: A first transparent substrate, the surface of which is provided with a first transparent conductive element; A second transparent substrate, the surface of which is provided with a second transparent conductive element; A plurality of electrochromic layers, arranged between the first transparent conductive element and the second transparent element, produce color changes according to the electrical conduction between the first and second transparent conductive elements; and A plurality of ion layers are arranged on the surface of the plurality of electrochromic layers, and the material of the plurality of electrochromic layers is prepared by dissolving an indicator in a solvent. 53. The display device according to claim 52, wherein the plurality of electrochromic layers are further mixed with a conductive polymer material. 54. The display device as claimed in claim 52, wherein the plurality of electrochromic layers are screen-printed on the surface of the first substrate. 55. The display device as claimed in claim 52, wherein the plurality of transparent substrates are made of plastic, polymer plastic, glass or a material selected from resin, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, One of the plastic polymer groups composed of polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate. 56. The display device according to claim 52, wherein the material of the first transparent conductive element is a group of doped oxides selected from the group consisting of indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, zinc aluminum oxide, and tin antimony oxide. one of the group. 57. The display device as claimed in claim 52, wherein the first transparent conductive element is made of carbon nanotubes. 58. The display device according to claim 52, wherein the plurality of electrochromic layers are an anodic color changing electrochromic layer, a cathodic color changing electrochromic layer or a cathodic/anodic color changing electrochromic layer. 59. The display device according to claim 58, wherein the material of the anodic color-changing electrochromic layer is selected from chromium oxide, nickel oxide, iridium oxide, manganese oxide, nickel hydroxide, tantalum pentoxide and One of the group of anodic color transition metal element oxides composed of ferricyanide. 60. The display device according to claim 58, wherein the cathode-chromic electrochromic layer is made of a material selected from tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, niobium oxide, titanium oxide, strontium titanate and tantalum pentoxide One of the group of cathodic color transition metal element oxides. 61. The display device according to claim 58, wherein the material of the cathode/anode color-changing electrochromic layer is a cathode/anode color-changing transition metal element oxide selected from vanadium oxide, rhodium oxide, and cobalt oxide. one of the groups. 62. The display device according to claim 52, wherein the indicator is a redox indicator or a pH indicator. 63. The display device according to claim 62, wherein the redox indicator is methylene blue or sodium dichlorophenol indophenol. 64. The display device as claimed in claim 62, wherein the pH indicator is Phalamine Blue Salt B. 65. The display device as claimed in claim 52, wherein the solvent is made of dimethyl sulfoxide, propylene carbonate or water. 66. The display device as claimed in claim 52, wherein the first transparent conductive element and the second transparent conductive element are arranged in a plurality of intervals on the surfaces of the first and second transparent substrates. 67. The display device according to claim 52, wherein a plurality of barrier units arranged at intervals are further arranged between the plurality of transparent substrates, and the plurality of electrochromic layers and the plurality of ion layers are respectively disposed on Between the plurality of barrier units. 68. The display device as claimed in claim 67, wherein the blocking unit is a photoresist. 69. A display device, characterized in that it comprises: An image display module for displaying a planar image and a stereoscopic image; An electrochromic module, located on the surface of the image display module, includes: A first transparent substrate, the surface of which is provided with a plurality of first transparent conductive elements arranged at intervals; A second transparent substrate, the surface of which is provided with a plurality of second transparent conductive elements arranged at intervals; A plurality of electrochromic layers are arranged between the plurality of first and second transparent conductive elements, and produce color changes according to the electrical conduction of the plurality of first and second transparent conductive elements; a plurality of barrier units disposed between the plurality of electrochromic layers; and A plurality of ion layers are arranged on the surface of the plurality of electrochromic layers, and the material of the plurality of electrochromic layers is prepared by dissolving an indicator in a solvent. 70. The display device as claimed in claim 69, wherein the plurality of electrochromic layers are further mixed with a conductive polymer material. 71. The display device according to claim 70, wherein the plurality of electrochromic layers are screen-printed on the surface of the first transparent substrate. 72. The display device as claimed in claim 69, wherein the materials of the plurality of transparent substrates are plastic, polymer plastic, glass or are selected from resin, polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, One of the plastic polymer groups composed of polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polypropylene, polystyrene and polymethyl methacrylate. 73. The display device according to claim 69, wherein the material of the plurality of first and second transparent conductive elements is selected from the group consisting of indium tin oxide, indium zinc oxide, zinc aluminum oxide, and tin antimony oxide. One of the group of doped oxides. 74. The display device as claimed in claim 69, wherein the plurality of first and second transparent conductive elements are made of carbon nanotubes. 75. The display device according to claim 69, wherein the plurality of electrochromic layers are an anodic color changing electrochromic layer, a cathodic color changing electrochromic layer or a cathodic/anodic color changing electrochromic layer. 76. The display device according to claim 75, wherein the material of the anodic color-changing electrochromic layer is selected from chromium oxide, nickel oxide, iridium oxide, manganese oxide, nickel hydroxide, tantalum pentoxide and One of the group of anodic color transition metal element oxides composed of ferricyanide. 77. The display device according to claim 75, wherein the material of the cathodic color-changing electrochromic layer is selected from tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, niobium oxide, titanium oxide, strontium titanate and tantalum pentoxide One of the group of cathodic color transition metal element oxides. 78. The display device according to claim 75, wherein the material of the cathode/anode color-changing electrochromic layer is a cathode/anode color-changing transition metal element oxide selected from vanadium oxide, rhodium oxide, and cobalt oxide. one of the groups. 79. The display device according to claim 69, wherein the indicator is a redox indicator or a pH indicator. 80. The display device according to claim 79, wherein the redox indicator is methylene blue or sodium dichlorophenol indophenol. 81. The display device as claimed in claim 79, wherein the pH indicator is Phalamine Blue Salt B. 82. The display device according to claim 69, wherein the solvent is made of dimethyl sulfoxide, propylene carbonate or water. 83. The display device as claimed in claim 69, wherein the barrier unit is a photoresist.

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