CN102346367A - Naked-eye wide-field-of-view multi-projector non-scanning 3D (three-dimensional) display device and method - Google Patents
Naked-eye wide-field-of-view multi-projector non-scanning 3D (three-dimensional) display device and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种裸眼宽视域多投影机无扫描3D显示装置以及方法，所述的显示装置包括双向透射散射屏和多架投影机，投影机沿散射屏排列，人眼与投影机在散射屏的两侧，投影机将影像投射到屏幕上，由于散射屏幕水平方向的散射角较小，人眼只能看到直视各投影机的一竖条图像，来自不同投影机的部分条状图像合成一幅完整的图像。左、右眼的图像取自投影机的不同位置，通过对投影图像中条形区域图像进行视差图像编码，可使左、右眼分别看到完整的视差图像，经大脑融合会产生3D图像。为增加垂直方向视差，将投影图像按行进行垂直视差编码，通过横向柱镜光栅配合单向场镜，将不同垂直视差图像依次排列在垂直方向的不同区域，从而在不增加投影机数量的前提下可提供垂直方向不同观看角度的图像。本发明的显示装置既可大视域观看，又无扫描机构，结构简化，可靠性高，无噪声，无振动，成本较低，所显示的3D影像无透视现象，分辨率高，观察视域连续，真彩色，无频闪。
The invention relates to a naked-eye wide-view multi-projector non-scanning 3D display device and method. The display device includes a two-way transmission scattering screen and a plurality of projectors, and the projectors are arranged along the scattering screen. On both sides of the screen, the projectors project images onto the screen. Because the scattering angle of the scattering screen in the horizontal direction is small, the human eye can only see a vertical image that looks directly at each projector, and some strips from different projectors The images are composited into one complete image. The images for the left and right eyes are taken from different positions of the projector. By performing parallax image coding on the bar-shaped area images in the projected image, the left and right eyes can see the complete parallax images respectively, and the 3D images will be generated through brain fusion. In order to increase the vertical parallax, the projected image is coded for vertical parallax by row. Through the horizontal lenticular grating and the one-way field lens, the different vertical parallax images are arranged in different areas in the vertical direction in sequence, so that the number of projectors is not increased. Images from different viewing angles in the vertical direction are available below. The display device of the present invention can be viewed in a large field of view without a scanning mechanism, has a simplified structure, high reliability, no noise, no vibration, and low cost. Continuous, true color, no flicker.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the 3-D display field, relate to a kind of parallax type 3D display technique, more specifically, relate to the wide ken multi-projector of a kind of bore hole no-raster 3D display technique.
Background technology
The 3D display technique has wide application prospect in fields such as medical treatment, military affairs, traffic, amusement and display advertising, has characteristics such as observing convenient, nature based on the bore hole 3D display technique of principle of parallax, is the developing direction of following 3D display technique.Bore hole 3D display technique can be divided into plane screen no-raster 3D display technique and sweep type panorama 3D display technique at present.Plane screen no-raster 3D display technique; No-raster mechanism makes that the 3D display device structure is simple, reliable, cost is lower; Because the disparity map negligible amounts that produced is limit with the shape of plane screen self, being limited in scope of observation, the level observation ken tens spend in.Sweep type panorama 3D display technique can provide a large amount of disparity maps, can realize that 360 ° of panorama 3D watch, but owing to there is motion structure to make the 3D display device have certain vibration and noise, apparatus structure is complicated, reliability is not high; Require used projector's frame frequency high, gray scale and color that projector can produce are few.
Summary of the invention
To the deficiency of existing 3D display technique, the present invention proposes a kind of novel multi-projector no-raster 3D display mode and equipment, and both the ken was watched greatly; Need not scanning moving mechanism again, simplified apparatus structure, improve the reliability of device; Has noiseless, friction, lower-cost characteristics.The 3D image that is shown does not have the perspective phenomenon, and resolution is high, and the observation ken is continuous, RGB, no stroboscopic.
According to the wide ken multi-projector of a kind of bore hole of the present invention no-raster 3D display device, this device comprises: transmission diffuser screen, said transmission diffuser screen are the two-way dispersion screen, present different scattering angle at level and vertical direction; At least two projectors put around two-way dispersion screen, each projector throw respectively be shown thing each image to said diffuser screen, said each image is to be shown thing at the image that corresponding visual angle appeared, said image is the vertical bar shape; Said each image is through scattering of said transmission diffuser screen and transmission, synthesizes a complete continuous images person of being observed and seen to engage each other closely nonoverlapping form.
Because diffuser screen has big relatively scattering angle in vertical direction; Has relatively little scattering angle in the horizontal direction; The scattering angle of relatively little horizontal direction can satisfy on the horizontal direction requirement to the image scattering of being launched; Two adjacent images are joined just and not overlapping after the horizontal direction scattering, thereby the image that projection is gone out is complete continuum of states in the horizontal direction, nothing is cut apart.The scattering angle that in the vertical direction is big relatively can increase range of observation, makes the observer on different vertical directions position, all can see distinct image, and, in order to realize better 3D display effect, can also carry out the vertical parallax coding to projected image.
Accordingly, the present invention also proposes a kind of method that realizes that the wide ken multi-projector of bore hole no-raster 3D shows, this method comprises: obtain to be shown the image of thing at variant visual angle, said image is the vertical bar shape; Use a plurality of projectors to project respectively and be shown object image to the transmission diffuser screen under above-mentioned each visual angle, said diffuser screen is the two-way dispersion screen, presents different scattering angle at level and vertical direction; The transmission diffuser screen is to after projecting image on it and carrying out scattering and transmission, the person's of being observed finding.Scattering angle is relatively little in the horizontal direction owing to said diffuser screen; Observer's finding is a vertical bar image of each projector of direct-view; Engage each other closely and not overlapping from each vertical bar shape images of different projectors, synthetic complete continuous images realizes that 3D shows.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the wide ken multi-projector of a bore hole no-raster 3D display device synoptic diagram
Fig. 2 is image composition principle figure
Fig. 3 is image segmentation parallax coding
Fig. 4 a-4d is the cooperation arrangement mode of diffuser screen shape of cross section and projector
Fig. 5 is the busbar cross-section shape of diffuser screen
Fig. 6 a is the two-sided screen of individual layer, and Fig. 6 b is the single-surface double-layer screen
Fig. 7 is vertical post grid of mirrors scattering properties
Fig. 8 is a transverse post grid of mirrors scattering properties
Fig. 9 is cut apart vertical parallax for row and is produced principle
Figure 10 is that the vertical parallax figure on the diffuser screen distributes
Figure 11 a is that individual layer field lens and diffuser screen combination-field lens are inboard at diffuser screen
Figure 11 b is that individual layer field lens and diffuser screen combination-field lens are in the diffuser screen outside
Figure 12 is two field lenses and diffuser screen combination
Figure 13 is image level and vertical parallax coding principle
Specific embodiment
In practical implementation, should be used as further description to the method for the invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Multi-projector no-raster 3D display device of the present invention is as shown in Figure 1; In 3-D walls and floor; Surface level is the XY plane, and the axle center of column type projection diffuser screen is the Z axle, and several projectors are being arranged around the transmission diffuser screen; The position of projector is not limited to diffuser screen periphery top shown in Figure 1 and is the circumference setting; For diffuser screen form as shown in Figure 1, projector can also be arranged on the inside or the bottom of diffuser screen, as long as satisfy the diffuser screen that the image of each projector's projection sees through its corresponding position.Preferably, said each projector adopts minitype projection machine, can reduce spacing, realizes solid matter, and effectively reduces cost; Each projector projects respectively and is shown thing at image that corresponding visual angle demonstrated; Said image is the vertical bar shape, and the image that projects is through scattering of transmission diffuser screen and transmission, by beholder's finding; Be the projector of observer, at the opposite side of diffuser screen with respect to projects images.Said transmission diffuser screen has the two-way dispersion characteristic, so-called two-way dispersion characteristic, and promptly this screen all has scattering property in the horizontal and vertical directions; Concrete; Two-way transmission diffuser screen according to the invention has a less scattering angle in the horizontal direction, to satisfy the continuity of the 3D rendering of being watched; Vertical direction has bigger scattering angle, to improve the range of observation of vertical direction.The cross section of diffuser screen (being the xy cross section shown in Fig. 1 coordinate axis) shape can be closed, and like circle, perhaps polygon is shown in Fig. 4 a and 4c, when corresponding diffuser screen when circular is column type shown in Figure 1; Also can be non-enclosed, like the polygon of arc, opening, the polygon of said opening comprises at least 2 limits, shown in Fig. 4 b and 4d.The above-mentioned screen that is the cross sectional shape of closed type can carry out 360 degree panoramas to be watched, and non-closed cross sectional shape screen has the arc ken.Accordingly, the busbar cross-section of diffuser screen (be crossing shown in Fig. 1 coordinate axis Z shaft section) shape can be similar bowl-type or trapezoidal, rectangle etc., and is as shown in Figure 5.Use the screen of each molded non-planar shown in above-mentioned; Can effectively increase the scope that is shown, this is because the on-plane surface diffuser screen is compared with the in-plane scatter screen, has bigger area; Show the more images content; In conjunction with the projector of right quantity, make the 3D display effect that is shown thing more fine and smooth, realize being shown the more demonstration of the image under the various visual angles of thing.
Projector projects image on the said screen with two-way dispersion characteristic; Because the scattering angle of screen level direction is less; Human eye sees through the vertical bar image that screen can only be seen each projector, through diffuser screen certain scattering takes place in the horizontal direction from each bar graph pictures of different projectors after, fluid-tight engagement and not overlapping each other; Just synthetic complete continuous images, as shown in Figure 2.The image of images of left and right eyes is taken from institute of the projector image projected of diverse location; Through bar shaped area image in the projected image being carried out the anaglyph coding; As shown in Figure 3, can make images of left and right eyes see complete anaglyph respectively, merging through brain can the generation 3D rendering.
Further, realize better 3D video image evaluation effect, the scattering properties of scattering screen is had certain requirement, the scattering microstructure of scattering screen is two-way cylindrical lens raster, have individual layer two-sided with two kinds of structures of dual-layer, single-sided, as shown in Figure 6.With the single-surface double-layer structure is example, and vertically column mirror grating carries out the horizontal direction scattering, vertically post mirror width p
1Less than the pixel dimension h of position image, horizontal dispersion angle γ is less than the optical axis included angle α of adjacent two projectors, and is as shown in Figure 7; And laterally column mirror grating carries out the vertical direction scattering, transverse post mirror width p
2Greater than the pixel dimension h of position image, vertical scattering angle β is greater than the field angle ω of projector, like Fig. 8.Wherein, h by projection should place image pairing projector resolution determine with projector distance, that is to say the parameter of confirming cylindrical lens raster according to the resolution and the projector distance of projector.
Projector is the upper edge screen arrangement in the horizontal direction, and is limited to the vertical parallax sense that the observer brings, for increasing the vertical direction parallax; Can carry out the vertical parallax coding to the image of projector's projection,, the image of different vertical parallax is sequentially arranged in the zones of different of vertical direction through cooperating unidirectional field lens at the scattering screen; As shown in Figure 9, for showing, the left circles arcuation representes with the transverse post mirror to be the scattering screen of representative with cross sectional shape; The right side is a field lens, and the field lens cross section is the profile of tooth microstructure, is unidirectional field lens; Be that it has the field lens effect in vertical direction, horizontal direction does not change radiation direction, and field lens can be single game mirror and diffuser screen combination with cooperating of diffuser screen; This moment, field lens was positioned at the inboard or the outside of diffuser screen, and is shown in figure 11.Also can two field lenses and diffuser screen combination, in the interior outside of diffuser screen one field lens is arranged respectively at this moment, shown in figure 12.
In Fig. 9, represent the different rows of the image that the projection of institute of corresponding projector goes out with three kinds of different lines, these row are distributed on the vertical direction of image successively; Because the scattering screen is the form of column mirror grating, in the effect of grating, behind scattering screen and field lens; Each row of image is at differing heights, and as assembling on H, M, three kinds of height of L, soon compact arranged each row scatter on the image; Each row of image presents periodic distribution, through vertical coding method, when the observer observes; According to observer's height in vertical direction, will see the image under the different vertical visual angle that is distributed in after the convergence.Vertical parallax figure on the scattering screen distributes shown in figure 10.
Described vertical parallax coded system does; To projector's projection publish picture picture each the row be spaced according to different verticals angle of view; The vertical parallax represented with delegation is identical; If making the obtainable vertical parallax figure of observer number is n, on the image that then projector's projection goes out, the corresponding capable image of separated n-1 is among the same vertical parallax figure to form a complete width of cloth disparity map.If projector provide the image that comprises n vertical parallax (A0, A1, A2, An-1), the total line number of image is VP; X=VP/n, then image vertical direction in the projector is arranged in order by row and is A0-0, A1-0, A2-0...An-1-0; A0-1, A1-1, A2-1...An-1-1, A0-2; A1-2, A2-2...An-1-2...A0-x-1, A1-x-1, A2-x-1...An-1-x-1.Be the part on every behavior one width of cloth vertical parallax figure, x is the line number that every width of cloth vertical parallax figure occupies in the projector, thereby the vertical direction resolution of vertical parallax figure has become original 1/n.Transverse post mirror width p
2=nh, along with the increase of vertical parallax figure number n, the vertical resolution of 3D image descends, and n should be a reasonable range, 1≤n≤10.
For instance, shown in figure 13, A, B, C, D represent four adjacent images that projector launches respectively among Figure 13 (a); Each image that is gone out by projection is divided into 6 row, 4 row according to row, for by these four images that projector launches, and the disparity map that image V00-V13 is seen during with the upright position observation in the varying level position for the observer among Figure 13 (b); These disparity maps constitute a matrix corresponding with the observation place; When eyes are observed in different positions, can see the image at diverse location place in this matrix, this matrix provides the demonstration of two vertical parallaxs and four horizontal parallaxs; According to above-mentioned vertical parallax coding method; Image on the A of projector is merely disparity map V00 a fillet is provided, and this fillet is made up of image block A00, the A20... that interlacing occurs, and the remaining image fillet on the A of projector offers other adjacent disparity maps and uses; V00 and V10 constitute two adjacent width of cloth disparity maps on the vertical direction, and V00 and V01 constitute two adjacent width of cloth disparity maps on the horizontal direction.Similarly; Among Figure 13 (c), equally also provide the matrix corresponding with the observation place that is made up of a plurality of disparity maps, this matrix provides the demonstration of three vertical parallaxs and four horizontal parallaxs; According to above-mentioned vertical parallax coding method; Image on the A of projector is merely disparity map V00 ' fillet is provided, and this fillet is made up of the image block A00, the A30... that occur at a distance from 2 row, and the remaining image fillet on the A of projector offers other adjacent disparity maps and uses; V00 ', V10 ' and V20 ' constitute the three adjacent width of cloth disparity maps of vertical direction, and V00 ', V01 ', V02 ' and V03 ' constitute four adjacent width of cloth disparity maps on the horizontal direction.Simultaneously, also encode on the horizontal direction, coded system is shown in Figure 13 (a) and (b) figure.
Accordingly, above-mentioned display device can realize the wide ken multi-projector of bore hole of the present invention no-raster 3D display packing, and this method comprises: obtain to be shown the image of thing at variant visual angle, said image is the vertical bar shape; Use a plurality of projectors to project respectively and be shown object image to a transmission diffuser screen under above-mentioned each visual angle, said diffuser screen is the two-way dispersion screen, presents different scattering angle at level and vertical direction; The transmission diffuser screen is to after projecting image on it and carrying out scattering and transmission, the person's of being observed finding.Scattering angle is relatively little in the horizontal direction owing to said diffuser screen; Observer's finding is a vertical bar image of each projector of direct-view; Engage each other closely and not overlapping from each vertical bar shape images of different projectors, synthetic complete continuous images realizes that 3D shows not.
Though shown in detail embodiments of the invention, should be understood that those skilled in the art can expect modification and the adjustment to these embodiment, and do not break away from the scope of the present invention that claim proposes of liking enclosed.
Claims (8)
1. the wide ken multi-projector of bore hole no-raster 3D display device, this device comprises:
Transmission diffuser screen, said transmission diffuser screen are the two-way dispersion screen, present different scattering angle at level and vertical direction;
At least two projectors put around two-way dispersion screen, each projector throw respectively be shown thing each image to said diffuser screen, said each image is to be shown thing at the image that corresponding visual angle appeared, said image is the vertical bar shape;
Said each image is after scattering of said transmission diffuser screen and transmission, and close proximity and not overlapping synthesizes a complete continuous images.
2. display device according to claim 1 is characterized in that said two-way dispersion screen for two-way cylindrical lens raster, has big relatively scattering angle in vertical direction, has relatively little scattering angle in the horizontal direction.
3. display device according to claim 2, said two-way cylindrical lens raster are the two-sided or single-surface double-layer structure of individual layer.
4. display device according to claim 1, the cross sectional shape that it is characterized in that described diffuser screen is closed or non-enclosed.
5. display device according to claim 4, described closed cross sectional shape is circle or polygon, the curved or opening polygon of described non-enclosed cross sectional shape, its split shed polygon comprises two limits at least.
6. display device according to claim 1 also is provided with the field lens that uses with said diffuser screen combination, and said field lens is that the cross section is the unidirectional field lens of profile of tooth microstructure, only has the field lens effect in vertical direction, and horizontal direction does not change radiation direction.
7. display device according to claim 6, said field lens and diffuser screen be combined as the inboard or the outside that the single game mirror places diffuser screen, or two field lens places the inside and outside both sides of diffuser screen.
8. the method that realizes that the wide ken multi-projector of bore hole no-raster 3D shows is installed in a use according to claim 1, and comprising: obtain to be shown the image of thing at a plurality of each visual angle, said image is the vertical bar shape;
Use a plurality of projectors to project respectively and be shown object image to a transmission diffuser screen under above-mentioned each visual angle, said diffuser screen is the two-way dispersion screen, presents different scattering angle at level and vertical direction;
The transmission diffuser screen is to after projecting image on it and carrying out scattering and transmission, the person's of being observed finding;
Said diffuser screen scattering angle in the horizontal direction is relatively little, and observer's finding is a vertical bar image of each projector of direct-view, engages each other closely and not overlapping from each vertical bar shape images of different projectors, and synthetic complete continuous images realizes that 3D shows.
9. the method that 3D according to claim 8 shows; Also comprise and utilize diffuser screen that publish picture the carrying out of picture of projector's projection vertically encoded; The mode of said vertical coding is: with projector's projection publish picture picture each the row be spaced according to different verticals angle of view; The vertical parallax represented with delegation is identical; If making the obtainable vertical parallax figure of observer number is n, on the image that then projector's projection goes out, the corresponding capable image of separated n-1 is among the same vertical parallax figure to form a complete width of cloth disparity map.
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