CN102291856A - An IoT gateway supporting multi-channel and multi-channel - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an open type multi-channel to-channel intelligent Internet of things gateway, and belongs to the technical field of Internet of things. The invention realizes an open gateway of the Internet of things by selecting hardware, setting a computer and integrating the Internet of things, a WiFi technology, a WSN technology, a routing technology, a context technology, a channel technology, a mass data processing technology, Bluetooth, infrared data transmission and other technologies. The mainboard structure is open, and is easy to accept new nodes of the Internet of things; the gateway is multi-channel and multi-channel, can integrate different types of communication protocols and simultaneously communicates with a plurality of nodes of the same type; meanwhile, the gateway is intelligent and can intelligently fuse the received data based on the context; in addition, the gateway also has strong robustness, self-repairing capability and remote software upgrading capability; the security function of the device is very strong, and the security of data is guaranteed.

Description

An IoT gateway supporting multi-channel and multi-channel

technical field

An open multi-channel and multi-communication Internet of Things gateway under the Internet of Things of the present invention relates to Internet of Things, 802.11 technology, WSN technology, multi-channel technology, multi-channel technology and other related network technologies, and also integrates other wireless access Technologies such as Bluetooth, infrared data transmission, GSM/3G, 802.16, HomeRF, etc. the

Background technique

The concept of the Internet of Things was proposed by the Auto2ID Laboratory of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1999. The Internet of Things (Internet of Things) refers to the integration of various information sensing devices and systems, such as sensor networks, radio frequency tag reading devices, barcodes and two-dimensional codes. Devices, GPS and other short-distance wireless self-organizing networks based on the M2M communication mode (M2M) form a huge intelligent network through the combination of various access networks and the Internet. The Internet of Things is due to its huge application prospects And it has been widely valued by governments, academia and industry. 802.11 series, Bluetooth, GSM/3G/B3G, etc., zigbee, RFID, 915/433/315MHz, infrared and other wireless access technologies are widely used, and the communication between them and between them and PCs requires fast The conversion of data frames has achieved the purpose of transmitting data across protocols, so that the Internet of Things can be realized efficiently. For the Internet of Things, the wireless communication method is multi-level, and its system complexity and cost overhead will be very large, which requires optimization of the protocol to ensure its low power consumption and high energy efficiency. the

In order to solve these problems, the gateway under the Internet of Things not only needs to realize the basic functions of traditional gateways, but also needs to have at least the following functions:

a) The motherboard structure is open and easy to accept new IoT nodes;

b) The gateway is multi-channel and can integrate different types of communication protocols;

c) The gateway is multi-channel and can communicate with multiple nodes of the same kind simultaneously;

d) It can intelligently select the optimal route for routing and forwarding data;

e) Able to fuse and preliminarily process massive amounts of data to reduce data redundancy;

f) The gateway has strong robustness, self-healing ability, and remote software upgrade ability. the

There are many types of sensors in the Internet of Things, and each type of sensor has a large number, hundreds, thousands, or even tens of thousands. Therefore, the gateway in this Internet of Things needs to realize the reception, fusion and forwarding of multiple sensor nodes of the same type and multiple sensor nodes of different types. , 3G/B3G/LTE, Zigbee, Bluetooth and infrared transmission methods are interconnected and interoperable to realize the mutual integration of different communication standards. It can be interconnected with the same layer network or different layer networks, and can also realize the sharing of network data. the

At present, a variety of networks coexist, and data transmission between infrared transmission, Bluetooth, zigbee, 3G/B3G/LTE and the Internet and other transmission protocols cannot be directly carried out, so a third party must be used to complete the conversion of the protocol. , in order to transfer across networks and protocols. The delay and consumption caused by this are intolerable in the case of massive data. Through the gateway that supports multi-channel and multi-channel, it can automatically convert and process the data frame format of cross-protocol data transmission, so that data forwarding between different protocols can be easily realized, and the QoS of the network can be guaranteed. At the same time, it can quickly and intelligently process massive data, improving the network s efficiency. the

Contents of the invention

The open multi-channel-to-channel intelligent IoT gateway of the present invention uses various new algorithms to improve the efficiency and security of the gateway. The gateway mainly needs to process massive data including multi-protocol data reception, data processing, and then quickly determine the correct Next-hop nodes, and data security throughout the process. the

For data reception, each node and other devices in the network will first send the data to the gateway. Since the source of the data may come from various protocols, it is necessary to have an open multi-transport protocol support interface. At the same time, the data of the Internet of Things has massive Due to its unique characteristics, multi-channel multi-channel communication can better receive data. the

Data processing and data receiving have explained the two sources of data. For these data, how to process them quickly and effectively is a very important indicator of gateway performance. The faster the processing speed, the better the performance of the surface gateway and the more guaranteed smooth operation of the network. Through multi-channel multi-channel fusion network technology, effectively integrate multiple networks, realize seamless interconnection between different networks, and realize communication between the computing world and the physical world in a robust, self-healing, high-efficiency, and low-cost manner. By using context-based fusion technology to process massive data, remove a large amount of redundant data. The so-called context awareness refers to a technology and related technologies for mastering, acquiring and analyzing context information. Since the purpose of deploying wireless sensors is to obtain and collect data information of the sensor's surrounding environment and integrate useful data and provide it to relevant modules (or personnel) for analysis, the change information of this surrounding environment is the so-called "context". the

Data security, this patent intends to study and solve different levels of self-protection, effectively combine the self-protection function with the target protection itself, develop a simple and effective trusted algorithm, develop a two-layer security architecture, combine self-protection capabilities with the Internet of Things The main purpose fits together seamlessly. At the same time, it is also a feasible solution to use trusted IoT routing based on the digital signature Ariadne protocol for trusted routing protocols. This patent will also adopt this solution to strengthen data security during routing. The symmetric key algorithm and the public key key technology are used together to achieve the purpose of reducing the amount of calculation without reducing the security strength. the

Intelligent routing, the Internet of Things era is a large-scale network where heterogeneous networks coexist. Such a network environment provides more link combination modes for the path between end-to-end, that is, multiple routing modes. This patent intends to adopt the node intelligent perception routing based on the sea computing idea, and intelligently select the routing path by analyzing the semantics contained in the node context information. the

Data forwarding, because the data received by the IoT gateway is massive, and the source of the data is multiple protocols, so how to quickly and accurately forward data is very important to the smart gateway. The data between the same protocols needs to be aggregated, and the aggregation is mainly aggregated from two aspects of time and space. Data forwarding between multi-protocols This patent adopts multi-protocol label switching technology to achieve fast conversion between different protocols. In MPLS, data transmission occurs on Label Switched Paths (LSPs). In order to solve the QoS problem, it is also necessary to use differentiated services and intelligent routing to distribute data. the

The technical scheme that the present invention solves the problems referred to above is:

(1) Multi-channel data transmission processing:

a) Using pluggable USB interface, the gateway has 6 USB interfaces, one RS232 interface, one RS485 interface, one WIFI interface, and Internet interface. The USB interface can allow all wireless access modules that support USB plug-in to be plugged in, so that the gateway supports the wireless access technology, such as: 3G, Bluetooth, etc.; the RS232 interface can allow the current infrared, zigbee, GPRS physical modules, etc. to access the gateway; The RS485 interface is used for serial communication; the WIFI interface is used to access WIFI, and the Internet interface is used to connect to the Internet. the

b) In the computer, the MAC layer is responsible for composing data into a frame format for transmission and controlling how users access the shared wireless medium. A convergence sublayer is added to the MAC layer to handle various wireless access The conversion and processing of data frames converts and maps the external network data received by its service access point (SAP) to MAC service data unit (SDU), and delivers it to the MAC layer service access point. It includes functions such as classifying external network data SDUs and mapping them to appropriate MAC traffic flows and connection identifiers (CIDs). The protocol provides multiple convergence sub-layer specifications as interfaces with various external protocols. the

In the aggregation layer, a classifier needs to be defined to map different access methods to a connection according to classification rules through the classifier, and manage all services as a connection-oriented service. Classification rules are a set of mapping standards, which can be preset. When a node or device accesses the gateway through wireless access, it can be obtained through the network re-gateway. the

(2) Multi-channel data processing:

The multi-channel multi-interface has two interfaces, one as a control interface, which is assigned to a common channel, and the other as a data exchange interface, which will be converted in the remaining channels. From another division point of view, the interface can be divided into fixed interface and convertible interface. K of the M interfaces of the gateway are assigned to K channels over long time intervals; correspondingly these channels are considered fixed channels. A fixed interface is used to receive data and switch according to the number of nodes using the same channel. The remaining M-K interfaces are dynamically assigned to the remaining M-K channels within a short period of time during data transmission. The corresponding channels are called switchable channels. A switchable channel enables node X to transmit data to a neighboring node Y by switching to Y's fixed channel. the

The main functions realized by the present invention are: a) the mainboard structure is open, and it is easy to accept new IoT nodes; b) the gateway is multi-channel and can integrate different types of communication protocols; c) the gateway is multi-channel and can communicate with Multiple nodes of the same kind communicate at the same time; d) the gateway is intelligent, and can intelligently fuse the received data based on the context; e) the gateway is robust, has self-healing capabilities, and has remote software upgrade capabilities; f) intelligent Perceptual routing, with the ability to process data from nodes, and intelligent perceptual routing based on context. And be able to establish a trusted route, e) must have a strong security function to ensure data security. the

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing 1 is the main interface diagram of the gateway. the

Accompanying drawing 2 is a design structure diagram of the convergence layer (CS). the

Accompanying drawing 3 is the functional diagram of gateway. the

Detailed ways

Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with technical solutions and accompanying drawings. the

The interface is divided into fixed interface and convertible interface. K of the M interfaces of the gateway are assigned to K channels over long time intervals; these channels are accordingly considered fixed channels. A fixed interface is used to receive data and switch according to the number of nodes using the same channel. The remaining M-K interfaces are dynamically assigned to the remaining M-K channels within a short period of time during data transmission. The corresponding channels are called switchable channels. A switchable channel enables node X to transmit data to neighboring node Y by switching to Y's fixed channel. the

The purpose of the fixed interface assignment is to assign channels to the fixed interface and to report the channels used by the fixed interface to neighboring nodes. First, the gateway maintains two data tables: Neighbor Table (NT), which contains fixed channels used by neighboring nodes; Channel Usage List (CUL), which stores each channel as a fixed number of nodes, but it only tracks existing nodes within communication range. The allocation rules for fixed interfaces are as follows:

a) First, the gateway chooses a random channel for its fixed interface

b) Periodically, the gateway broadcasts a Hello packet or a route lookup packet on each channel, which contains the fixed channel that the node is using and its current NT

c) When the gateway receives a Hello packet or route lookup packet from an adjacent node, it will perform the following updates: update the fixed channel of the adjacent node to NT; UCL uses the NT of the adjacent node, so that the UCL will contain two jump usage information

d) The gateway needs to query its CUL periodically. If there are many other nodes using the same fixed channel, the gateway will switch its fixed channel to a less used channel with probability P. Then the gateway sends a Hello packet to inform the adjacent nodes of the fixed channel it uses

The assignment rules for convertible interfaces are as follows:

a) When the link layer receives a unicast packet to send, the gateway will look for the fixed channel of the packet destination in NT. If the sender and receiver have the same fixed channel, enqueue the packet to the fixed channel. Otherwise, enqueue it to a switchable channel. As for the broadcast packet, the gateway copies it to each channel's queue. When the channel is scheduled to send data, the packet will be sent out

b) A switchable interface will change channels when packets are queued on another channel

1) Hardware: The CPU of the gateway adopts ARM11, which has memory, Flash and SD card, etc. necessary for the system. The standard interfaces provided at the same time are: LCD interface, audio and video interface, USB interface, RS232 interface, RS485 interface, Ethernet interface, WiFi interface, these interfaces have been prepared on the hardware board, through which various other modules can be expanded and connected . The modules that can be added dynamically include: 3G module, bluetooth module connected to the main board of the gateway through the USB interface; infrared, zigbee module, GPRS module (mainly used for security), etc. connected to the main board of the gateway through the serial port. Most applications in the Internet of Things involve data transmission and conversion between multiple protocols, but for a certain application, only conversion between several protocols may be involved. Therefore, it is necessary to dynamically configure the gateway hardware on demand. Due to the large-scale application of devices in the Internet of Things, using this method of tailoring and dynamically configuring hardware can greatly reduce the cost of the system. the

Parameter configuration:

a) Core board performance parameters

◆Samsung S3C6410 processor, ARM1176JZF-S core, main frequency 533MHz/667MHz;

◆Standard 256M byte DDR memory;

◆Support 2G Byte NAND Flash, exclusive use of 4-bit error correction technology to ensure safe and reliable information storage;

◆12MHz, 48MHz, 27MHz, 32.768KHz clock source;

◆Support 5V power supply;

◆Imported high-quality board-to-board connectors are used to ensure long-term operation reliability;

◆Up to 320 lead-out pins of the core board;

b) Multifunctional backplane hardware configuration

◆A reset button, using a dedicated chip for reset, stable and reliable;

◆System startup mode setting switch, using 8-bit DIP switch;

◆One piece of 2M bytes NOR Flash;

◆Three-way serial port, including two five-wire RS_232 serial ports and one three-wire RS_232 serial port;

◆One RS_485 bus interface;

◆A CAN bus interface, 2.0 standard;

◆One 100M network port, using DM9000AE, with connection and transmission indicators;

◆One USB HOST socket, supports USB1.1 protocol, using side-plug USB A-type interface;

◆One USB Slave interface, supports USB 2.0 protocol, using mini-USB AB interface;

◆A high-speed SD card holder. Can realize SD Memory function and SDIO function;

◆A WIFI expansion interface;

◆A stereo audio output interface can be connected to earphones; another audio input can be connected to a microphone; 

◆LCD and touch screen interfaces support 3.5-inch, 4.3-inch, 5.6-inch, 7-inch, 8-inch TFT LCD screens, and exclusively support 10-inch LVDS LCD screens;

◆A VGA interface, supporting 800x600 resolution; (the conversion chip is stable and cheap; suitable for product applications) 

◆Two TV output interfaces;

◆One CMOS camera interface, support ITU-R BT601/6568 bit mode, use 10X2 pin connector;

◆Internal real-time clock with lithium battery interface;

◆One JTAG interface, using 10*2 pin connector;

◆A temperature sensor

◆One infrared receiving head

◆Six user buttons

◆Four LEDs

◆A buzzer

◆A 10X2 pin expansion interface; including 1 GND, 1 DA, 8 AD, 10 IO, 1 SPI.

Claims (1)

1. an Internet of Things gateway supporting multi-channel multi-channel, is characterized in that, comprises the following aspects: (1) multi-channel data transmission processing: a) Using pluggable USB interface, the gateway has 6 USB interfaces, one RS232 interface, one RS485 interface, one WIFI interface, and Internet interface; b) In the computer, the MAC layer is responsible for composing data into a frame format for transmission and controlling how users access the shared wireless medium. A convergence sublayer is added to the MAC layer to handle various wireless access The conversion and processing of the data frame converts and maps the external network data received by the service access point (SAP) to the MAC service data unit (SDU), and transmits it to the MAC layer service access point. Including classification of external network data SDUs and mapping to appropriate MAC service flows and connection identifiers (CIDs); the protocol provides multiple convergence sublayer specifications as interfaces with various external protocols; A classifier is defined in the aggregation layer to map different access methods to a connection according to classification rules through the classifier, and manage all services as a connection-oriented service; (2) Multi-channel data processing: The multi-channel multi-interface has two interfaces, one is used as a control interface, which is assigned to a common channel, and the other is used as a data exchange interface, which will be converted in the remaining channels; K of the M interfaces of the gateway are in a very long K channels are assigned in the time interval; correspondingly these channels are regarded as fixed channels; fixed interfaces are used to receive data and switch according to the number of nodes using the same channel; the remaining M-K interfaces are in data transmission It is dynamically assigned to the remaining M-K channels in a short to medium time; the switchable channel enables node X to transmit data to neighboring node Y by switching to Y's fixed channel.

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