A kind of on-line calibration apparatus and method that are used for fiber Bragg grating strain sensor
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of on-line calibration apparatus and method that are used for fiber Bragg grating strain sensor, belong to metrology and measurement and collimation technique field.
Background technology
Fiber grating; Being fiber bragg grating, also is FBG, more and more in the structured testing Application for Field at present; The increase of in the structured testing field, using along with fiber-optic grating sensor; Like the test of aircraft structure, the test of physical construction, the test of large-scale civil structure, need the sensitivity of fiber grating in the increasing practical applications, but still do not have effective on-line calibration, dynamic calibration, original position Calibration Method at present.Because the sensitivity of fiber-optic grating sensor is different along with the difference of each barbola work; Even difference can be bigger sometimes; Therefore need carry out on-line calibration to the scene of fiber-optic grating sensor after stickup; Because fiber grating is usually used in testing dynamic strain, needs its dynamic calibration and dynamic sensitivity, and still there is not on-line calibration method at present to fiber-optic grating sensor.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is the fiber-optic grating sensor that paste on the surface is carried out on-line calibration, propose a kind of on-line calibration apparatus and method that are used for fiber Bragg grating strain sensor.
The present invention realizes through following technical scheme.
A kind of on-line calibration device that is used for fiber Bragg grating strain sensor of the present invention comprises simulation board under test, border supporting member, fiber Bragg grating strain sensor, first transmission cable, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator table, host computer, laser camera lens, second transmission cable, laser scanner analysis of vibration measurement system, exciting bank and exciting bank connecting line;
The simulation board under test is the rectangular flat of metal material or compound substance, is fixedly mounted on the supporting member of border through bolt and cushion block, and wherein two opposite side are fixedly installed on the supporting member of border, and other two opposite side are in free state; Fiber Bragg grating strain sensor is that diameter is that 125um, length are the linear structure of 10-15mm, carries out surface stickup in the center of simulation board under test along being parallel to the free margins direction of simulating board under test with glue; The tail optical fiber of fiber Bragg grating strain sensor is connected through an end of the jointing and first transmission cable, the fibre-optical splice of the other end incoming fiber optic grating demodulation instrument of first transmission cable; The fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator table links to each other with host computer through netting twine;
The broad band laser that light source in the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator table sends; Tail optical fiber through first transmission cable and fiber Bragg grating strain sensor arrives fiber Bragg grating strain sensor; Fiber grating in the sensor reflects the back to laser and forms narrowband reflection light; Narrowband reflection light gets into the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator table through the tail optical fiber and first transmission cable of fiber Bragg grating strain sensor again; The fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator table carries out demodulation to the narrowband reflection light signal, obtains the changing value of reflected light centre wavelength, and the changing value with reflected light centre wavelength is transferred to host computer through netting twine again; Host computer shows, the situation of change of record reflected light centre wavelength, thereby obtains the actual strain situation of fiber Bragg grating strain sensor;
The laser camera lens be positioned at fiber Bragg grating strain sensor directly over, the laser camera lens links to each other with laser scanner analysis of vibration measurement system through second transmission cable; Laser scanner analysis of vibration measurement system controls the angle of the laser beam that the laser camera lens sent through the catoptron rotational angle in the control laser camera lens;
Exciting bank is placed on the optional position of simulation board under test top, and it applies acting force to the simulation board under test and makes the vibration of simulation board under test; Have force transducer in the exciting bank, the electric signal that force transducer sends links to each other with laser scanner analysis of vibration measurement system through the exciting bank connecting line;
Above-mentioned exciting bank is power hammer or the shaking table that can send humorous shape pumping signal or random excitation signal.
A kind of on-line calibration device that is used for fiber Bragg grating strain sensor of the present invention, the step of its on-line calibration method is:
1) will simulate board under test two opposite side and be fixedly installed on the supporting member of border, other two opposite side are in free state;
2) fiber Bragg grating strain sensor is carried out the surface with the simulation board under test and paste, the parallel axes of fiber Bragg grating strain sensor is in the free margins of simulation board under test;
3) optical fiber is connected with first transmission cable, and the fibre-optical splice of first transmission cable with the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator table linked to each other, the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator table is connected with host computer through netting twine;
4) with the laser camera lens be installed on fiber Bragg grating strain sensor directly over; Laser camera lens definite method of position on surface level is: make that the laser mirror hair goes out perpendicular to the laser beam of surface level mid point through A, 2 lines of B, said A, B are respectively two end points of fiber Bragg grating strain sensor; Definite method of the vertical range of laser camera lens and fiber Bragg grating strain sensor is: the laser beam irradiation that the laser mirror hair goes out is during to four rectangular edges boundary lines of simulation board under test, and the laser beam that the laser mirror hair goes out and the angle of vertical direction are no more than 20 and spend;
5) with second transmission cable laser camera lens is linked to each other with laser scanner analysis of vibration measurement system;
6) select point of excitation, exciting bank is installed, and connect exciting bank and laser scanner analysis of vibration measurement system with the exciting bank connecting line;
7) start online calibrating installation;
8) control exciting bank by the operator simulation board under test is carried out continuous pump;
9) laser that goes out of laser mirror hair is tested its surperficial vibration velocity at simulation board under test surface scan, and analyzing spot is latticed on simulation board under test surface, and the distance between the analyzing spot is to be not more than 1/10 of the minimum length of side of simulation board under test; It is intensive to more than 20 points that the length range interscan point of the laser that the laser scanning camera lens sends between two terminal A of fiber Bragg grating strain sensor, B wanted;
10) laser scanning instrument analysis of vibration measurement system reads the electric signal that exciting bank sends through the exciting bank connecting line; In conjunction with the test data that obtains from the laser camera lens; The vibration velocity that analysis obtains the simulation test piece surface distributes; And calculate the strain in the simulation fiber Bragg grating strain sensor of board under test under its natural frequency vibration state two terminal A, the B scope with this, with this strain as the calibration source data;
11) the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator table carries out demodulation to the narrowband optical signal that fiber Bragg grating strain sensor reflects; Obtain the changing value of reflected light centre wavelength; Changing value with reflected light centre wavelength is transferred to host computer through netting twine again; The operator is according to the situation of change of the reflected light centre wavelength of host computer demonstration and the initial wavelength of fiber Bragg grating strain sensor; The binding data analytical approach obtains simulating the center wavelength variation value of board under test under its natural frequency vibration state, and the calibration source data that the contrast step 10) obtains compare and demarcate fiber Bragg grating strain sensor, realize the on-line calibration of fiber Bragg grating strain sensor;
Above-mentioned steps 10) computing method of two terminal A of fiber Bragg grating strain sensor, the internal strain of B scope are in: the length of connecting line arrives the 15mm scope at 10mm between two terminal A of bare optical fibers and bare optical gratings strain transducer, the B; Counting out in laser scanning within this scope is more than 20, also be the spacing of analyzing spot at 0.5mm between the 0.8mm; Software through to laser scanner analysis of vibration measurement system is provided with, and the scanning angle of control laser camera lens on the simulation board under test realizes that the encryption of above-mentioned analyzing spot defined scans index request; Mean parameter is set 3 times in laser scanner analysis of vibration measurement system, thereby obtains simulating board under test surface speed accurately, and then these data are carried out analytical calculation, obtain calibration source data accurately, these calibration source data be according to
Calculate.Wherein, ε
ABBe the strain in two terminal A of fiber Bragg grating strain sensor, B scope, l is the length of AB direction, and AB is the distance between 2 of the A, B, and ε is the strain mode of corresponding simulation board under test natural frequency in the A that obtains of test and analyzing, the B scope, its be according to
Calculate.Wherein, U is the displacement modes of the correspondence simulation board under test natural frequency that obtains of laser means scanning, and it is that speed model analysis by direct test obtains, and x is the coordinate of simulation board under test along the AB direction, and h is the thickness of simulation board under test.
The simulation board under test also can adopt the fixing mode in four limits among the present invention.
The present invention is that the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor with linear structure before encapsulating is that example proposes; Its method has such characteristics: adopt the transverse vibration velocity distribution pattern perpendicular to highly dense point in the subrange on simulation board under test surface; Analysis obtains being parallel to the longitudinal strain of simulating board under test and distributes, and the strained source that obtains calibrating through analysis; Fiber Bragg grating strain sensor after its method also can be applied to encapsulate with certain width.For the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor with certain width after the encapsulation, its width is in 6mm, and its length is between 25-40mm, and A, B are its two end points.At this moment; Encrypting the zone of analyzing spot confirms like this: two side boundary lines difference of sensor are translation 3mm laterally; Formation is parallel to two parallel lines of sensor length azimuth axis; Article two, be exactly that the zone is encrypted in scanning in parallel lines and two rectangular areas that vertical linear sample surrounded, in this zone, the spacing of encrypting analyzing spot is not more than 0.5mm.The described method of the same this patent of this The data is analyzed the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor calibration strained source after obtaining encapsulating.
The present invention also can be applicable to the on-line calibration of resistance strain gage, and fiber Bragg grating strain sensor is replaced by resistance strain gage in the device at this moment, and first transmission cable is replaced by cable, and the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator table is replaced by electric wire strain gauge.
Beneficial effect
Calibration steps of the present invention is convenient, fast; Characteristics are on-line calibration, original position calibration and dynamic calibration; These characteristics make its suitable practical applications can provide dynamic sensitivity coefficient for the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor after naked FBG sensor after pasting and the encapsulation; The present invention can be applied to also check whether the sensor stickup meets the demands, and to the sensor after the long-term use, it can also be proofreaied and correct its sensitivity coefficient.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of apparatus of the present invention;
Wherein, 1 is the simulation board under test, and 2 is the border supporting member, and 3 is fiber Bragg grating strain sensor; 4 is the tail optical fiber of fiber Bragg grating strain sensor, and 5 is first transmission cable, and 6 is the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator table, and 7 is laser beam; 8 is the laser camera lens, and 9 is second transmission cable, and 10 is laser scanner analysis of vibration measurement system, and 11 is the exciting bank connecting line; 12 are the power hammer, and 13 is host computer, and A, B are respectively two end points of fiber Bragg grating strain sensor;
Fig. 2 is the schematic top plan view of simulation board under test in apparatus of the present invention;
Wherein 1 is the simulation board under test, and 2 is the border supporting member, and 3 is fiber Bragg grating strain sensor, and 4 is the tail optical fiber of fiber Bragg grating strain sensor, and 14 are power hammer point of excitation, and A, B are respectively two end points of fiber Bragg grating strain sensor;
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is further specified.
Embodiment
A kind of on-line calibration device that is used for fiber Bragg grating strain sensor; As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, comprise simulation board under test, border supporting member, fiber Bragg grating strain sensor, first transmission cable, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator table, host computer, laser camera lens, second transmission cable, laser scanner analysis of vibration measurement system, exciting bank and exciting bank connecting line;
Above-mentioned exciting bank employing power hammer;
Above-mentioned fiber Bragg grating strain sensor is a linear structure, and its diameter is that 125um, length are 15mm;
The PSV-400 scanning head that above-mentioned laser camera lens is a Polytec company;
Above-mentioned laser scanner analysis of vibration measurement system is the OFV-5000 vibrometer controller of Polytec company;
Above-mentioned fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator table model is SM130;
The length of above-mentioned simulation board under test is 1000mm, and width is 900mm, and thickness is 25mm;
Above-mentioned laser camera lens is in the non-encrypted zone of simulation on the board under test, and the distance of its laser scanning point is 90mm, and the analyzing spot number is encrypted as 30 points within two terminal A of fiber Bragg grating strain sensor, B scope, and the analyzing spot spacing is encrypted as 0.5mm.
In the present embodiment, the principle of the strain testing of fiber Bragg grating strain sensor can use formula (3) to explain:
In the formula (3), Δ λ is the variation of fiber-optic grating sensor reflection wave centre wavelength, Δ λ=λ
i-λ
0, λ wherein
iBe i moment fiber-optic grating sensor reflection wave centre wavelength, λ
0Be fiber-optic grating sensor reflection wave centre wavelength before loading, ε is the mean strain of fiber grating, and 0.78 is through calculating the coefficient of defined in the prior art;
In fact, application of formula (3) has obtained the strain of fiber-optic grating sensor, is not the strain on simulation board under test surface, but the strain of fiber grating itself.Because fiber-optic grating sensor is connected together through gluing with simulation board under test surface, glue has certain thickness, and paste thickness again maybe be different at every turn, because Shear Lag Effect, the fiber-optic grating sensor strain is different with the strain on simulation board under test surface.Therefore need find Δ λ=λ
i-λ
0With ε
ABRelation between (simulation board under test surfaces A, B 2 between strain) is only engineering significantly, and this also is the problem that patent of the present invention solves, and like formula (4), k wherein is not equal to 0.78 usually;
In the formula (4), ε
ABMean strain in A, the B scope on the simulation board under test is obtained by the laser testing analytical approach among the present invention, like formula (5) and formula (6).
Formula (5) U is the displacement modes that laser means scanning obtains, and x is the coordinate of structural member along the AB direction, and h is the thickness of structural member, the interior strain mode of encryption sweep limit that ε obtains for test.
Earlier obtain ε by formula (5), i.e. strain mode in the encryption sweep limit that test obtains combines formula (6) to obtain calibrating strained source ε again
AB
ε is the strain mode in the encryption scope that obtains of test in the formula (6), and l is the length of AB direction, and AB is the distance between 2 of the A, B, is obtained by the test data of laser testing scanning system.
According to above-mentioned, ε has been arranged
AB, Δ λ=λ
i-λ
0, λ
0,, can obtain sensitivity coefficient k in conjunction with formula (7).Like this, coefficient k has comprehensively comprised the influence of optical fiber, adhesives.For the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor after the encapsulation, coefficient k has also comprised the influence of encapsulating material, encapsulating structure.
Firmly hammer strikes sharp point of excitation, and the simulation board under test is vibrated in the certain frequency scope.At this moment, the Δ λ=λ in the one side formula (7)
i-λ
0Can obtain by the demodulation Meter Test; On the other hand, ε
ABObtained like this by the laser scanning test macro: obtain to simulate the speed on board under test surface by the scanning of laser camera lens, what pay special attention to is in the AB scope, will encrypt analyzing spot, requires at least 20 points (along the AB direction) in this scope.Obtain speed mode, the displacement modes of simulation board under test by laser scanning instrument analysis of vibration measurement system; Obtain strain mode by displacement modes; And obtain accurate more strain mode ε in the AB scope by the point of local refinement according to formula (5), combine formula (6) to calculate ε by strain mode again
ABObtain sensitivity coefficient k by formula (7) at last.
The above is preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention should not be confined to the disclosed content of this embodiment and accompanying drawing.Everyly do not break away from the equivalence of accomplishing under the disclosed spirit of the present invention or revise, all fall into the scope of the present invention's protection.