CN110849313A - Strain gauge dynamic calibration method and device based on non-contact scanning measurement - Google Patents
Strain gauge dynamic calibration method and device based on non-contact scanning measurement Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/32—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring the deformation in a solid
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
- G01B21/04—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness by measuring coordinates of points
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Abstract
The invention discloses a strain gauge dynamic calibration method and device based on non-contact scanning measurement, and belongs to the field of metering test. The implementation method of the invention comprises the following steps: adjusting the output of a controller of the vibration exciter to reach the required vibration frequency, and adjusting the output of a power amplifier of the vibration exciter to reach the required amplitude; the cantilever beam is kept in a sine vibration state with stable frequency through a vibration exciter; selecting N measuring points at equal intervals on the surface of the cantilever beam along the axial direction of the beam, and carrying out deflection measurement on the surface of the cantilever beam in a forced vibration state; fitting a peak deflection curve of the surface of the cantilever beam according to the deflection state of each measuring point; converting the deflection peak curve into a strain peak curve; the calibrated strain gauge is arranged in the cantilever beam calibration area, and the output value of the calibrated strain gauge is compared with the standard strain value, so that the dynamic strain calibration is realized. The invention also discloses a strain gauge dynamic calibration device based on non-contact scanning measurement, which has simple structure and easy operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a strain gauge dynamic calibration method and device based on non-contact scanning measurement, and belongs to the field of metering test.
Background
Dynamic strain testing is an important means for material testing, structural dynamic strength assessment and health monitoring. To accurately measure dynamic strain, calibration work needs to be performed on the strain gauge. Calibration research work related to strain measurement has been carried out very early at home and abroad, but the work is still in the calibration direction of static strain. Due to the fact that the dynamic strain generation and source tracing difficulty is large, the problem of dynamic strain calibration is not broken through all the time. In the calibration process of dynamic strain, the strain value of the dynamic strain excitation source needs to be accurately measured in real time, so that the tracing of dynamic strain is realized. In the process of tracing the dynamic strain, the excitation of the dynamic strain needs to be stable and reliable, the tracing of the dynamic strain needs to respond in time, and the characteristic of the change of the strain field along with time and the nonuniformity of the strain field need to be considered. The strain tracing means at the present stage can only measure a static uniform strain field, a high-precision tracing method aiming at dynamic strain is not available, the tracing theory only aims at the strain source in a stable state, a static mechanical condition under the assumption of stress balance is established, the change of a motion state and time parameters are not considered, and the method is not suitable for solving the tracing problem of the dynamic strain field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a strain gauge dynamic calibration method and a strain gauge dynamic calibration device based on non-contact scanning measurement, and aims to: the invention provides a strain gauge dynamic calibration method and a strain gauge dynamic calibration device based on non-contact scanning measurement, aiming at a strain measurement scheme of the surface of a cantilever beam in a forced vibration state and a data processing method thereof, aiming at meeting the requirement of strain gauge dynamic parameter calibration on a dynamic strain calibration method.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The invention discloses a strain gauge dynamic calibration method based on non-contact scanning measurement, which adjusts the output of a controller of a vibration exciter to reach the required vibration frequency, and adjusts the output of a power amplifier of the vibration exciter to reach the required amplitude; the cantilever beam is kept in a sine vibration state with stable frequency through a vibration exciter; selecting N measuring points at equal intervals on the surface of the cantilever beam along the axial direction of the beam, and carrying out deflection measurement on the surface of the cantilever beam in a forced vibration state; fitting a peak deflection curve of the surface of the cantilever beam according to the deflection state of each measuring point; converting the deflection peak curve into a strain peak curve; the calibrated strain gauge is arranged in the cantilever beam calibration area, and the output value of the calibrated strain gauge is compared with the standard strain value, so that the dynamic strain calibration is realized.
The invention discloses a strain gauge dynamic calibration method based on non-contact scanning measurement, which comprises the following steps:
step one, adjusting the output of a controller of a vibration exciter to reach a required vibration frequency f, and adjusting the output of a power amplifier of the vibration exciter to reach a required amplitude; the cantilever beam is kept in a sine vibration state with stable frequency through a vibration exciter;
step two, selecting N measuring points at equal intervals on the surface of the cantilever beam along the axial direction of the beam, wherein the coordinate of each measuring point is XnWherein N is 1 to N; and sequentially scanning each measuring point by a scanning laser vibration meter to obtain a time and beam displacement relation curve W (f (t)) in the vibration direction of each point. The measurement requirements of each point are: continuously measuring at one point, wherein the sampling frequency is more than 100 times of the vibration frequency,measuring time is more than 10 vibration cycles, continuously acquiring M displacement data, and performing sine fitting on the M displacement data to obtain a time displacement curve Wn＝Ansin(2πft+θn). Wherein, WnIs the vertical coordinate of the nth measuring point at time t, AnIs the vibration amplitude, t is the time, f is the vibration frequency, θnThe vibration phase.
Step three, according to the deflection state (X) of each measuring point obtained in the step twon，An) Fitting a peak deflection curve of the surface of the cantilever:
wherein Y (x) is a deflection value at the x position of the abscissa, and x is the distance from any point on the cantilever beam to the fixed end of the cantilever beam along the axial direction; r isiAnd p is the fitting order, and X is the coordinate of the fixed end of the cantilever beam along the axial direction.
Step four, converting the deflection peak curve into a strain peak curve:
where h is half the cantilever beam thickness and d2Y(x)/dx2Denotes the second derivative of y (x) with respect to x.
Step five, standard strain of the cantilever beam calibration area is as follows:
ε(t)＝εmax(Xs)sin(2πft+β) (3)
wherein XsIs the abscissa, epsilon, of the center point of the strain gauge to be calibratedmax(Xs) Is XsThe peak strain at β is the initial phase of the cantilever beam vibration.
The calibrated strain gauge is arranged in the cantilever beam calibration area, and the output value of the calibrated strain gauge is compared with the standard strain value, so that the dynamic strain calibration is realized.
The invention also discloses a strain gauge dynamic calibration device based on non-contact scanning measurement, which is used for realizing the strain gauge dynamic calibration method based on non-contact scanning measurement and comprises a vibration exciter, a cantilever beam, a scanning laser vibration meter, a data acquisition system and a data processing system. One end of the cantilever beam is arranged on the moving table surface of the vibration exciter, and the other end of the cantilever beam is connected to the fixed support to form a dynamic strain exciting system. The scanning laser vibration meter is connected with the data acquisition system to serve as a dynamic strain traceability system. The calibrated strain gauge is arranged on the upper surface of the cantilever beam, and the output is acquired by the data acquisition system after signal conditioning. The scanning type laser vibration meter scans and measures along the axial direction of the upper surface of the cantilever beam, and compares a standard strain value obtained by scanning and measuring the area where the strain gauge is located with an output value of the strain gauge to be calibrated, namely, the dynamic strain calibration is realized.
Preferably, in order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of laser scanning measurement, a reflective film is adhered to the upper surface of the cantilever beam, and in the scanning process, reflected light generated by irradiating laser emitted by the scanning laser vibration meter on the reflective film is received by the scanning laser vibration meter.
The invention discloses a strain gauge dynamic calibration method based on non-contact scanning measurement, wherein the displacement of a cantilever beam can be obtained by a method based on a non-contact measurement principle and can also be obtained by a method based on a contact measurement principle.
According to the dynamic calibration method for the strain gauge based on the non-contact scanning measurement, disclosed by the invention, the cantilever beam can generate deformation strain in a normal-temperature environment and can also generate deformation strain in other uniform temperature fields, namely, the dynamic calibration method for the strain gauge based on the non-contact scanning measurement disclosed by the invention is not only suitable for the dynamic calibration of the strain gauge in the normal-temperature environment, but also suitable for the dynamic calibration of the strain gauge in other uniform temperature fields.
Has the advantages that:
1. the invention discloses a strain gauge dynamic calibration method based on non-contact scanning measurement, which adjusts the output of a controller of a vibration exciter to reach the required vibration frequency, and adjusts the output of a power amplifier of the vibration exciter to reach the required amplitude; the cantilever beam is kept in a sine vibration state with stable frequency through a vibration exciter; selecting N measuring points at equal intervals on the surface of the cantilever beam along the axial direction of the beam, and carrying out deflection measurement on the surface of the cantilever beam in a forced vibration state; fitting a peak deflection curve of the surface of the cantilever beam according to the deflection state of each measuring point; converting the deflection peak curve into a strain peak curve; the calibrated strain gauge is arranged in the cantilever beam calibration area, and the output value of the calibrated strain gauge is compared with the standard strain value, so that the dynamic strain calibration is realized, and the real-time strain measurement and calibration on the surface of the cantilever beam can be realized.
2. The strain gauge dynamic calibration method based on non-contact scanning measurement disclosed by the invention is high in measurement precision by taking laser interferometry as a means and combining a curve fitting method.
3. The strain gauge dynamic calibration method based on non-contact scanning measurement disclosed by the invention utilizes strain calculation definition, simplifies differential operation, improves data processing efficiency and can fill the blank of a dynamic strain tracing method.
4. The dynamic calibration device for the strain gauge based on non-contact scanning measurement, disclosed by the invention, has a simple structure, can improve the reliability and stability of an excitation source, and can realize excitation of any waveform. The calibration process is easy to operate, the cantilever beam is dynamically excited based on the vibration exciter, and the amplitude and the frequency of the calibration strain are continuously adjustable according to actual requirements.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a strain gauge dynamic calibration device based on non-contact scanning measurement disclosed by the invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cantilever structure and coordinates, wherein: fig. 2(a) is a schematic diagram of a cantilever front view and coordinates, fig. 2(b) is a top view of a cantilever with an equal cross section, and fig. 2(c) is a top view of a cantilever with an equal strength.
Wherein: the system comprises a vibration exciter, a cantilever beam, a scanning laser vibrometer, a data acquisition system, a calibrated strain gauge, a strain signal conditioner and a data processing system, wherein the vibration exciter is 1, the cantilever beam is 2, the scanning laser vibrometer is 3, the data acquisition system is 4, the calibrated strain gauge is 5, and the strain signal conditioner is 6.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
Example 1:
as shown in fig. 1, the dynamic calibration apparatus for a strain gauge based on non-contact scanning measurement disclosed in this embodiment includes a vibration exciter 1, a cantilever beam 2, a scanning laser vibrometer 3, a data acquisition system 4, a strain gauge 5 to be calibrated, a strain signal conditioner 6, and a data processing system 7.
Firstly, selecting a cantilever beam 2 with the equal cross section, the length of which is 200mm, the thickness of which is 10mm and the first-order natural frequency of which is 1kHz, and installing one end of the cantilever beam 2 on a vibration exciter 1 and installing the other end on a fixed support, wherein the abscissa of the fixed end is 0. The strain gauge 5 to be calibrated is arranged on the upper surface of the cantilever beam 2 at 20 mm. Scanning laser vibration meter 3 is located cantilever beam 2 top, and scanning laser vibration meter 3 installs on the guide rail to can follow the guide rail and remove, scanning laser vibration meter 3 and the signal of strain signal conditioner 6 output are gathered by data acquisition system 4, and the data of gathering are calculated by data processing system 7 and are handled.
The dynamic calibration method for the strain gauge based on non-contact scanning measurement disclosed by the embodiment specifically comprises the following implementation steps:
the method comprises the following steps: and starting the vibration exciter 1 to enable the cantilever beam 2 with the equal section to be in a stable vibration state, wherein the vibration frequency is 10 Hz.
Step two: and starting the scanning type laser vibration meter 3, setting 200 measuring points on the upper surface of the cantilever beam 2 with the equal section at equal intervals, setting the scanning frequency to be 20kHz, and scanning and measuring the vibration of each measuring point in the vertical direction.
Let the transverse coordinate of the measuring point be XpWherein p is a positive integer of 200 or less. Recording the displacement state of the measurement point p in the k (k is less than or equal to 20) th scanning sequence as (X)P，Wk) Wherein W iskTo measure the displacement of the point p in the vertical direction.
Step three: time fitting by least squares method from the time-displacement curve Wp＝Apsin (20 π t), and obtaining the vibration amplitude (X) of each pointp，Ap)。
Step four: fitting was done with a polynomial of degree 5, since (X) is knownp，Ap) Then, the peak deflection state of the beam at any position on the horizontal axis x is y (x):
Y(x)＝a+bx+cx2+dx3+ex4+fx5(4)
wherein a, b, c, d, e and f are fitting coefficients and are obtained through fitting.
Step five: peak strain curve of cantilever beam:
the standard strain then becomes:
ε(t)＝(0.00016f+0.0048e+0.12d+2c)sin(20πt) (6)
the calibrated strain gauge is arranged in the cantilever beam calibration area, and the output value of the calibrated strain gauge is compared with the standard strain value, so that the dynamic strain calibration is realized.
Example 2:
as shown in fig. 1, the dynamic calibration apparatus for a strain gauge based on non-contact scanning measurement disclosed in this embodiment includes a vibration exciter 1, a cantilever beam 2, a scanning laser vibrometer 3, a data acquisition system 4, a strain gauge 5 to be calibrated, a strain signal conditioner 6, and a data processing system 7.
Firstly, selecting an equal-strength cantilever beam 2 with the length of 200mm, the thickness of 10mm and the first-order natural frequency of 1kHz, mounting one end of the cantilever beam 2 on a vibration exciter 1, arranging the other end of the cantilever beam on a fixed support, starting the vibration exciter to enable the equal-strength cantilever beam 2 to be in a stable vibration state with the vibration frequency of 10Hz, and the test method and the steps are the same as the implementation method 1.
The method comprises the following steps: and starting the vibration exciter 1 to enable the cantilever beam 2 with the equal section to be in a stable vibration state, wherein the vibration frequency is 10 Hz.
Step two: and starting the scanning type laser vibration meter 3, setting 200 measuring points on the upper surface of the cantilever beam 2 with the equal section at equal intervals, setting the scanning frequency to be 20kHz, and scanning and measuring the vibration of each measuring point in the vertical direction.
Let the transverse coordinate of the measuring point be XpWherein p is a positive integer of 200 or less.Recording the displacement state of the measurement point p in the k (k is less than or equal to 20) th scanning sequence as (X)P，Wk) Wherein W iskTo measure the displacement of the point p in the vertical direction.
Step three: time fitting by least squares method from the time-displacement curve Wp＝Apsin (20 π t), and obtaining the vibration amplitude (X) of each pointp，Ap)。
Step four: fitting was done with a polynomial of degree 2, since (X) is knownp，Ap) Then, the peak deflection state of the beam at any position on the horizontal axis x is y (x):
Y(x)＝a+bx+cx2(4)
wherein a, b and c are fitting coefficients and are obtained by fitting.
Step five: obtaining a peak strain curve of the cantilever beam:
the standard strain then becomes:
ε(t)＝2c sin(20πt) (6)
the calibrated strain gauge is arranged in the cantilever beam calibration area, and the output value of the calibrated strain gauge is compared with the standard strain value, so that the dynamic strain calibration is realized.
The above detailed description is intended to illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention, and it should be understood that the above detailed description is only exemplary of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The strain gauge dynamic calibration method based on non-contact scanning measurement is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
step one, adjusting the output of a controller of a vibration exciter to reach a required vibration frequency f, and adjusting the output of a power amplifier of the vibration exciter to reach a required amplitude; the cantilever beam is kept in a sine vibration state with stable frequency through a vibration exciter;
step two, selecting N measuring points at equal intervals on the surface of the cantilever beam along the axial direction of the beam, wherein the coordinate of each measuring point is XnWherein N is 1 to N; sequentially scanning each measuring point by a scanning laser vibration meter to obtain a time and beam displacement relation curve W (f (t)) of each point in the vibration direction; the measurement requirements of each point are: continuously measuring at one point, wherein the sampling frequency is more than 100 times of the vibration frequency, the measurement time is more than 10 vibration cycles, continuously acquiring M displacement data, and performing sine fitting on the M displacement data to obtain a time displacement curve Wn＝Ansin(2πft+θn) (ii) a Wherein, WnIs the vertical coordinate of the nth measuring point at time t, AnIs the vibration amplitude, t is the time, f is the vibration frequency, θnIs the vibration phase;
step three, according to the deflection state (X) of each measuring point obtained in the step twon，An) Fitting a peak deflection curve of the surface of the cantilever:
wherein Y (x) is a deflection value at the x position of the abscissa, and x is the distance from any point on the cantilever beam to the fixed end of the cantilever beam along the axial direction; r isiThe fitting coefficient is p, the fitting order is p, and X is the coordinate of the fixed end of the cantilever beam along the axial direction;
step four, converting the deflection peak curve into a strain peak curve:
where h is half the cantilever beam thickness and d2Y(x)/dx2Denotes the second derivative of y (x) with respect to x;
step five, standard strain of the cantilever beam calibration area is as follows:
ε(t)＝εmax(Xs)sin(2πft+β) (3)
wherein XsIs the abscissa, epsilon, of the center point of the strain gauge to be calibratedmax(Xs) Is XsThe peak strain at β is the initial phase of the cantilever beam vibration;
the calibrated strain gauge is arranged in the cantilever beam calibration area, and the output value of the calibrated strain gauge is compared with the standard strain value, so that the dynamic strain calibration is realized.
2. The strain gauge dynamic calibration device based on non-contact scanning measurement is used for realizing the strain gauge dynamic calibration method based on non-contact scanning measurement as claimed in claim 1, and is characterized in that: the device comprises a vibration exciter, a cantilever beam, a scanning laser vibrometer, a data acquisition system and a data processing system; one end of the cantilever beam is arranged on the moving table surface of the vibration exciter, and the other end of the cantilever beam is connected to the fixed support to form a dynamic strain exciting system; the scanning laser vibration meter is connected with the data acquisition system to serve as a dynamic strain traceability system; the calibrated strain gauge is arranged on the upper surface of the cantilever beam, and the output is acquired by a data acquisition system after signal conditioning; the scanning type laser vibration meter scans and measures along the axial direction of the upper surface of the cantilever beam, and compares a standard strain value obtained by scanning and measuring the area where the strain gauge is located with an output value of the strain gauge to be calibrated, namely, the dynamic strain calibration is realized.
3. The strain gauge dynamic calibration apparatus based on non-contact scanning measurement according to claim 2, wherein: in order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of laser scanning measurement, a reflective film is adhered to the upper surface of the cantilever beam, and in the scanning process, reflected light generated by irradiating laser emitted by the scanning laser vibration meter on the reflective film is received by the scanning laser vibration meter.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN111537127A (en) * | 2020-05-13 | 2020-08-14 | 西北工业大学 | Full-range calibration method of X-ray stress gauge |
| CN111636876A (en) * | 2020-04-21 | 2020-09-08 | 中南大学 | A method for detecting the force at the key position of the shield body of a large-diameter shield machine |
| CN112880629A (en) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-06-01 | 中国计量科学研究院 | Strain sensor calibration device and calibration method |
| CN119826950A (en) * | 2025-03-18 | 2025-04-15 | 善测（天津）科技有限公司 | In-situ calibration method and device for non-contact blade vibration measurement equipment |
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| CN119826950A (en) * | 2025-03-18 | 2025-04-15 | 善测（天津）科技有限公司 | In-situ calibration method and device for non-contact blade vibration measurement equipment |
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