CN102251013A - 一个识别肿瘤起始细胞的抗体和抗原及其应用 - Google Patents
一个识别肿瘤起始细胞的抗体和抗原及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及能够作为肿瘤起始细胞(肿瘤干细胞)鉴别诊断和肿瘤治疗分子靶标的分子和抗体。具体地讲,本发明发现电压依赖性钙离子通道蛋白α2δ亚基1(CACNA2D1)阳性的肿瘤细胞具有肿瘤起始细胞特性,进一步发现干扰CACNA2D1基因表达或/和靶向该蛋白的抗体可以抑制肝癌移植瘤的生长,因而本发明提供了针对该靶分子的诊断试剂和治疗药物的制备、筛选的方法。本发明还涉及包含本发明的针对CACNA2D1单克隆抗体或抗原结合片段的诊断试剂盒或药物组合物在CACNA2D1蛋白相关疾病例如肿瘤中诊断和治疗中的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药生物技术领域,具体而言,本发明涉及用于肿瘤诊断和治疗的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合片段,包含该单克隆抗体或其抗原结合片段的诊断试剂盒或药物组合物,以及所述单克隆抗体或其抗原结合片段在肿瘤等的诊断或治疗中的应用。本发明还涉及到该抗体所针对的抗原或其识别的靶分子在作为肿瘤起始细胞(或称肿瘤干细胞)的标志物用于癌症的诊断或疗效预测、以及作为肿瘤治疗的试剂和药物开发的分子靶点。
背景技术
很久以前就已认识到肿瘤组织是由功能有差别、表型各异的异质性的细胞群体组成。肿瘤干细胞(tumor stem cells)学说认为,肿瘤如正常的组织器官一样,是由肿瘤干细胞不断增殖、分化所形成,因此呈现异质性。肿瘤干细胞是肿瘤组织中含量较少、具有无限自我更新能力、能驱动肿瘤形成和生长的一类细胞的代称,因与正常干细胞特点相似而得名,但并非指肿瘤干细胞一定来源于相应的正常干细胞或与正常干细胞有必然的联系,有人为避免误会亦称这些细胞为肿瘤起始细胞(Tumor-initiating cell,TIC)或肿瘤传递细胞(Tumor-propagating cell,TPC)。肿瘤干细胞表现出很强的动物致瘤能力(100个甚至数个细胞在免疫缺陷小鼠中即可成瘤)、耐药性和侵袭性生长特性,其还具有分化成不具致瘤能力细胞的潜能。肿瘤干细胞的存在被认为是肿瘤发生、发展和治疗失败的根本原因(Clarke MF,Dick JE,Dirks PB,Eaves CJ,Jamieson CH,Jones DL,et al.Cancer stem cells--perspectives on current status and future directions:AACR Workshop on cancer stem cells.Cancer Res 2006;66:9339-9344;Maenhaut C,Dumont JE,Roger PP,van Staveren WCG.Cancer stem cells:a reality,a myth,a fuzzy concept or a misnomer?An analysis.Carcinogenesis.2010,31:149-158;Tysnes BB.Tumor-initiating and propagating cells:cells that we would like to identify and control.Neoplasia,2010,12:506-515;Shipitsin,M.et al.Molecular defnition of breast tumor heterogeneity.Cancer Cell,2007,11:259-273)。
自从血液中第一次分离鉴定出肿瘤干细胞以来,世界上相继从脑、乳腺、前列腺和结肠癌等实体肿瘤中证实肿瘤干细胞的存在(Al-Hajj M,Wicha MS,Benito-Hernandez A,et al.Prospective identification of tumorigenic breast cancer cells.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA.2003,100(7):3983-3988;Singh SK,Clarke ID,Terasaki M.Identification of a cancer stem cell in human brain tumors.Cancer Res.2003,63(18):5821-5828;Patrawala L,Calhoun T,Schneider-Broussard R,et al.Highly purified CD44+ prostate cancer cells from xenograft human tumors are enriched in tumorigenic and metastatic progenitor cells.Oncogene.2006,25:1696-1708;O′Brien CA,Pollett A,Gallinger S,et al.A human colon cancer cell capable of initiating tumour growth in immunodeficient mice.Nature.2007,445:106-110)。在肝癌中多个研究小组也采用不同的策略从培养的细胞系或者临床标本中找到肝癌干细胞,如Chiba等(Chiba T,Kita K,Zheng YW,et al.Side population purified from hepatocellular carcinoma cells harbors cancer stem cell-like properties.Hepatology.2006,44:240-251)从Huh7细胞系中分离到的侧群(side population,SP)细胞在动物连续接种实验中可以成瘤,Ma等(Ma S,Chan KW,Hu L,et al.Identification and characterization of tumorigenic liver cancer stem/progenitor cells.Gastroenterology.2007,132:2542-2556)报道Huh7和PLC8024细胞系中CD133可作为肝癌干细胞的标志物。最近,CD90、EpCAM、OV6、CD133/ALDH也分别被用来成功分离肝癌的干细胞(Yang ZF,Ho DW,Ng MN,et al.Significance of CD90+ Cancer Stem Cells in Human Liver Cancer.Cancer Cell.2008,13:153-166;Ma S,Chan KW,Lee TK,Tang KH,Wo JY,Zheng BJ,Guan XY.Aldehyde dehydrogenase discriminates the CD133 liver cancer stem cell populations.Mol.Cancer Res.,2008;6:1146-1153;ang W,Yan HX,Chen L,et al.Wnt/beta-catenin signaling contributes to activation of normal and tumorigenic liver progenitor cells.Cancer Res.2008,68:4287-4295;Yamashita T.,et al.EpCAM-positive hepatocellular carcinoma cells are tumor initiating cells with stem/progenitor cell features.Gastroenterology.2009 March;136(3):1012-1024)。尽管通过不同的途径已鉴别到具有干细胞特性的肿瘤细胞,但由于目前所发现的肿瘤干细胞标志物特异性都不是很强,因此不同来源肿瘤用同一标志物分离到的各类型细胞的生物学特性差别有时很大,因此对是否存在肿瘤干细胞以及这些细胞的本质一直存在争论(Maenhaut C,Dumont JE,Roger PP,van Staveren WCG.Cancer stem cells:a reality,a myth,a fuzzy concept or amisnomer?An analysis.Carcinogenesis.2010,31:149-158)。事实上肿瘤干细胞,或称为肿瘤起始细胞,甚至肿瘤传递细胞只是一个可操作性词汇(operational term),其生物学的本质尚有待进一步揭示。但是肿瘤组织中存在一类在免疫缺陷动物体内致瘤性强、耐受放化疗的细胞已得到共识,无论这一类细胞是称为肿瘤干细胞、肿瘤起始细胞或者是肿瘤传递细胞,它们是肿瘤患者治疗失败、复发的根本原因。这些细胞的分离鉴定为肿瘤的诊断和治疗提供了新的思路。过去的治疗主要集中在肿瘤群体中大量的恶性度较低的细胞,而那些所谓的肿瘤起始细胞虽然比例很低,但因为耐受常规的放化疗却生存下来并逐步生长、迁移,导致肿瘤复发转移。旨在清除肿瘤起始细胞的药物,则可从根本上阻断肿瘤复发转移的“种子”,单独或与常规手术、放治疗等方法结合有望为肿瘤的彻底征服带来新的曙光。这些细胞亦应成为肿瘤诊断和预后判断的靶细胞。
目前国内外已经在靶向决定肿瘤干细胞治疗肿瘤的实验中取得令人振奋的进展。例如在大肠癌(Colon Cancer)中因为CD133阳性的肿瘤干细胞高表达IL-4而抑制细胞凋亡的发生,用IL-4的抑制剂处理CD133阳性的肿瘤干细胞则可提高其对药物的敏感性(Todaro M,Alea MP,Di Stefano AB,Cammareri P,Vermeulen L,Iovino F,et al.Colon cancer stem cells dictate tumour growth and resist cell death by production of interleukin-4.Cell Stem Cell,2007;1:389-402)。Jin等人的工作表明用CD44的抗体可以清除急性白血病中的肿瘤干细胞从而达到治疗急性白血病目的(Jin L,Hope KJ,Zhai Q,Smadja-Joffe F,Dick JE.Targeting of CD44 eradicates human acute myeloid leukemic stem cells.Nat Med,2006;12:1167-74)。
针对肿瘤干细胞的药物开发可以针对肿瘤干细胞自我更新、耐药或侵袭性生长等环节信号传导途径中的关键分子、表面的标志物甚至其赖以存在和生长的微环境(niche)。对参加这些关键环节的分子的发现有赖于对肿瘤干细胞的分离鉴定和恶性生物学特性的本质和调控机制的深入揭示。需要指出的是,与通常所说的肿瘤相关抗原相比,肿瘤干细胞相关分子的表达一般比较低。因此,肿瘤干细胞相关分子的发现主要是依赖于其在肿瘤干细胞样群体的特异表达而不是过表达(Deonarain MP,et al.Antibodies targeting cancer stem cells.mAbs.2009,1:12-26)。
现代药物开发技术的发展,使得可以针对特定的分子利用计算机模拟设计特异的分子拮抗剂、利用现有的前导药物库筛选候选的药物、制备具有拮抗作用的抗体以及利用其它分子细胞生物技术如噬菌体展示技术筛选分子的靶向药物。
单克隆抗体技术由Kohler和Milstein(Eur.J.Immunol.,1976,6:511)报道以来,已成为制备针对特异抗原或特定细胞抗体的常规技术。许多抗体被直接或通过基因工程改造成鼠-人嵌合甚至完全人源化的抗体用于临床多种疾病包括恶性肿瘤的治疗。目前为止,抗体介导的针对肿瘤干细胞相关的治疗实验包括CD44、p糖蛋白1(p-glycoprotein 1)、透明质酸受体、EpCAM、CD326、CXCR4、IL-4、DLL4、ALDH等(Deonarain MP,et al.Antibodies targeting cancer stem cells.mAbs,2009;1:12-26)。
本领域需要能够特异识别肿瘤起始细胞的标志物,以便用于这类细胞的筛选鉴定和临床诊断、预后判断和对这类细胞的恶性生物学行为特性及分子调节机制的研究。同时研制针对肿瘤起始细胞的药物,以从根本上治疗肿瘤,阻断肿瘤的复发、转移。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于,提供针对肿瘤起始细胞的诊断或治疗用抗体或抗原结合片段。
本发明的另一目的在于,提供抗体或其抗原结合片段诊断或治疗疾病或病症的应用。
本发明的另一个目的还在于寻找能用于肿瘤起始细胞分离、鉴定和治疗的分子靶点。
针对上述发明目的,本发明提供以下技术方案:
根据本发明的一个实施方案,本发明提供了寻找肿瘤起始细胞标志物或治疗靶标的方法,所述方法包括使用复发性肿瘤来源、富含肿瘤起始细胞的细胞免疫动物的步骤。在本发明的寻找肿瘤起始细胞标志物或治疗靶标的方法的一个优选实施方案中,所述复发性肿瘤来源、富含肿瘤起始细胞的细胞是复发性肝癌来源、富含肿瘤起始细胞的Hep-12细胞。在本发明的寻找肿瘤起始细胞标志物或治疗靶标的方法中,所述方法进一步包括利用分别来源于同一肝癌病人复发和原发的肝细胞癌的Hep-12细胞和Hep-11细胞(Zhang Z,Xu X,Xing B,Wang Y,Han H,Zhao W.Identification and characterization of tumor-initiating cells with stem-like properties from a recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma[abstract].In:Proceedings of the 100th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research;2009 Apr 18-22;Denver,CO.Philadelphia(PA):AACR;2009.Abstract nr 190;Xu XL,Xing BC,Han HB,Zhao W,Hu MH,Xu ZL,Li JY,Xie Y,Gu J,Wang Y,Zhang ZQ.The properties of tumor-initiating cells from a hepatocellular carcinoma patient′s primary and recurrent tumor.Carcinogenesis.2010;31(2):167-74.)作为筛选细胞对。
在本发明的一个具体实施方案中,本发明利用上述实施方案所获得的一个单克隆抗体1B50-1是由中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心于2010年12月08日保藏的小鼠杂交瘤(保藏编号为CGMCC No.4416)所产生的单克隆抗体。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,本发明提供了一个特异性识别电压依赖性钙离子通道蛋白α2δ亚基1(CACNA2D1)的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合片段。在具体实施方案中,特异性识别CACNA2D1的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合片段包含:
(i)重链(下文简称为“H-链”),其包含重链可变区互补决定区(complementarity determining region,CDR)氨基酸顺序为CDRH1(序列1)、CDRH2(序列2)和CDRH3 (序列3);或
(ii)轻链(下文简称为L-链),其包含轻链可变区互补决定区的氨基酸顺序为CDRL1(序列4)、CDRL2(序列5)和CDRL3(序列6);或
(iii)上述(i)和(ii)两者。
在一个实施方案中,本发明的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合片段具有以下一种或多种特征:(1)结合CACNA2D1蛋白;(2)识别的阳性细胞具有肿瘤起始细胞特征;(3)抑制表达CACNA2D1的肿瘤细胞在动物体内的生长。
在本发明提供的一个实施方案中,本发明的特定的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合片段包含重链可变区,该重链可变区包含与CDRH1、CDRH2和CDRH3所述的重链可变区氨基酸序列具有至少80%,例如85%,90%,95%,96%,97%,98%或99%以上相同的氨基酸序列。本发明的特定的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合片段包含轻链可变区,该轻链可变区包含与CDRL1、CDRL2和CDRL3所述的轻链可变区氨基酸序列具有至少80%,例如85%,90%,95%,96%,97%,98%或99%以上相同的氨基酸序列。所述抗体或其抗原结合片段还可以包含上述重链和轻链可变区两者。在另一实施方案中,本发明的抗体或其抗原结合片段还可以包含一个或多个与上述任何CDR或CDR的组合具有至少80%,例如85%,90%,95%,96%,97%,98%或99%以上相同氨基酸序列的CDR。
本发明的进一步实施方案还包括但不限于通过已知技术在该抗体的基础上产生识别特异表位的抗体片段。例如,可以通过免疫球蛋白分子的蛋白水解切割,利用诸如木瓜蛋白酶(以产生Fab片段)或胃蛋白酶(以产生F(ab’)2片段)的酶产生Fab和F(ab’)2片段。F(ab’)2片段包含完整的L-链和H-链的可变区、CH1区和铰链区。还可以利用已知的公共信息(例如来自Genbank的信息、文献或者通过常规克隆和序列分析),在本抗体核苷酸序列或氨基酸序列基础上获得进一步的衍生序列(如用不同的信号肽、基于生物信息学分析后的人源化改造等),可以化学合成编码所述免疫球蛋白的核酸,或者从合适的来源(例如抗体cDNA文库,或者由表达所述抗体的任何组织或细胞,例如所筛选的表达抗体的杂交瘤细胞分离的核酸,优选地m RNA,或由其产生的cDNA文库)利用与序列的3’和5’末端匹配的合成引物通过PCR扩增获得编码所述免疫球蛋白的核酸或通过针对特定基因序列的寡核苷酸探针筛选来自如cDNA文库获得编码所述免疫球蛋白的核酸。然后,可以利用本领域熟知的任何方法,将通过如PCR扩增产生的核酸克隆至可复制、并可在不同表达体系(原核和真核表达体系、无细胞翻译体系等)表达的载体内,表达产生具有与本发明抗体生物活性相近的基因工程抗体或抗原结合片段。
在本发明提供的一个实施方案中,还可以通过本领域已知的任何其他用于合成抗体的方法,例如通过重组表达技术或通过化学合成,产生本发明的抗体或其抗原结合片段。
根据本发明的另外的实施方案,本发明提供的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合片段在制备用于诊断肿瘤的诊断剂或治疗肿瘤的药物中的应用。本发明的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合片段可作为诊断剂用于癌症(例如病人组织或肿瘤病人血清中是否含有肿瘤起始细胞以及预后判断和治疗敏感性预测)以及其他CACNA2D1蛋白相关的病症或疾病的诊断。本发明的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合片段能够特异性识别CACNA2D1抗原,并由此可以用于定量测试液中的CACNA2D1蛋白,例如通过本领域的常规技术如夹心免疫测定法、竞争性测定法、免疫 测定法等定量测定。
如上所述,可以通过使用本发明的抗体对CACNA2D1蛋白进行高灵敏度定量。通过采用体内定量CACNA2D1蛋白的方法,本发明的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合片段可用于诊断与CACNA2D1蛋白相关的各种疾病。因此,本发明还提供了用于诊断受试者中与CACNA2D1蛋白相关的病症或疾病的方法,所述方法包括向有此需要的受试者施用有效量的至少一种本发明的单克隆抗体。此体内诊断所需要的剂量可以小于治疗应用所需的剂量,并且可以由本领域技术人员通过常规步骤确定。本发明的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合片段还可以用于特异性检测测试液例如体液、组织等中存在的CACNA2D1蛋白。
本发明还提供包含本发明的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合片段的药物组合,所述药物组合物还包含药学上可接受的载体。此外,本发明提供了用于治疗与CACNA2D1蛋白相关的病症或疾病的药物组合物,其包含本发明的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合片段和药学上可接受的载体。所述药物组合物还可以进一步包含可以加和或协同地改善所述病症或疾病的另一种活性化合物。所述活性化合物包括,但不限于治疗肿瘤的其他化疗化合物、毒素。所述活性化合物还包括小分子化合物和其他抗体或其抗原结合片段。
另一方面,本发明提供了用于预防或治疗与CACNA2D1蛋白相关的病症或疾病的方法,所述方法包括向有此需要的受试者施予预防有效量或治疗有效量的本发明的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合片段。对于这些应用,本发明的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合片段可以与增强所述单克隆抗体或其抗原结合片段的生物学作用的其他药物结合。此类治疗药物的实例包括另一种抗体、抑制细胞生长或杀死细胞的细胞毒素、放射性元素和/或包括抗炎剂和抗生素等在内的其它治疗剂。
可以通过将本发明的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合片段混合在合适的溶剂中而直接作为液体制剂或作为适当剂型的药物组合物经口或肠胃外等施用。
可以将本发明的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合片段与药学上可接受的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂混合制备成药物组合物,以适合于经口或肠胃外给药。可以通过已知的多种递送系统施用本发明的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合片段或药物组合物,例如脂质体包封、微颗粒、微胶囊等。给药方法包括,但不限于皮内、肌内、腹膜内、静脉内、皮下、鼻内、硬膜外和经口途径。所述化合物可以通过任何途径施用,例如通过输注或推注,通过经上皮或皮肤粘膜(例如口腔粘膜或直肠等)吸收的途径施用,并且所述化合物可以与其它生物活性剂一起施用。给药可以是全身的或局部的。优选地,通过经静脉内给药施用本发明的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合片段。本发明的单克隆抗体还可以通过局部施用在需要治疗的区域来给药。所述组合物通过公众已知的方法制造,且包含药物制剂领域常规使用的载体、稀释剂或赋形剂。用于片剂的载体或赋形剂的实例为乳糖、淀粉、蔗糖和硬脂酸镁等。
所述可注射的制剂可以包括用于静脉内注射、皮下注射、皮内注射和肌内注射、滴注等的剂型。这些可注射的制剂可以通过公知的方法制备。所述可注射制剂可以通过,例如将上述抗体或其盐溶解、悬浮或乳化在常规注射用无菌含水介质或油性介质中而制备。所述注射用含水介质可以为,例如生理盐水、含葡萄糖和其它助剂的等渗溶液等,其可以与适当的增溶剂组合使用,所述增溶剂为例如醇(如,乙醇)、多元醇(如,丙二醇、聚乙二醇)、非离子表面活性剂(例如聚山梨糖醇酯80)等。用于直肠给药的栓剂可以通过将上述抗体或 其盐与栓剂用常规基料混合而制备。
有利地,将上述用于经口或肠胃外施用的药物组合物制备成适合固定活性成分的剂量的单位计量剂型。此类单位剂量剂型包括,例如片剂、丸剂、胶囊、注射剂、栓剂等。
进一步,本发明的发明人还发现电压依赖性钙离子通道α2δ亚基1(calcium-channel,voltage-dependent,α2/δsubunit 1,简称CACNA2D1,Genebank序列号NM_000722.2)的亚型5(与NM_000722.2相比,缺失了氨基酸531-549)是一个肿瘤起始细胞的分子标志物和治疗的分子靶点。可用于针对CACNA2D1基因的核酸或蛋白进行诊断试剂和治疗药物的研发。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,针对CACNA2D1基因的检测试剂可以是针对该基因的mRNA或蛋白。根据该领域专业人员共知的知识,在mRNA水平可以采用诸如定量RT-PCR,对蛋白的检测可以通过该基因特异的抗体或特异结合小分子采用共知的技术如酶联免疫吸附、流式细胞分析、免疫组化(细胞化学)等技术进行检测。所用的样品可以来源于患者的血液、组织、脱落细胞等。
根据本发明的一个实施方案,还提供治疗肿瘤药物的研制和鉴定方法,所述方法包括设计和筛选针对CACNA2D1基因的mRNA或/和蛋白质的拮抗物,以抑制该基因的表达或降低该基因的功能活性。所述候选物质可以是抗体、小分子化合物或干扰RNA等核酸类物质。
根据本发明提供的肿瘤起始细胞的抗原CACNA2D1,很容易通过计算机模拟或筛选现有的前导化合物库得到该分子特异的抑制剂-小分子化合物。还可以通过各种抗体制备技术获得新的针对该抗原的抗体及其衍生物。这些技术可以包括但不局限于用各种表达体系表达CACNA2D1抗原或提纯该抗原,免疫小鼠、兔或者其它动物(包括经遗传改造的动物品系)后得到的特异针对该抗原的抗血清;取免疫小鼠的脾脏细胞,与骨髓瘤SP2/0细胞融合,经CACNA2D1抗原特异筛选特异针对CACNA2D1抗原的单克隆抗体;进一步还包括克隆该抗原鼠单克隆抗体的可变区的基因,直接或经人源化改造后与相应的人源抗体的恒定区编码基因正确连接,经原核和/或真核细胞表达体系表达所得到的人鼠嵌合或单克隆抗体。采用CACNA2D1抗原筛选人噬菌体抗体库,或用人的外周血单核细胞嵌合小鼠技术,亦可获得针对该基因的全人抗体。
根据本发明的一个实施特例,设计合成了针对CACNA2D1基因的干扰RNA-ShRNA1(序列7)和ShRNA2(序列8),并装入慢病毒表达载体,包装慢病毒。该病毒具有抑制该基因的表达,并对肝癌Hep-12细胞在免疫缺陷动物体内的生长具有显著抑制效应。根据本领域专业人员所共知的知识,提供这些shRNA顺序,可以通过化学合成和修饰得到以匹配序列为核心的不同单链RNA,或采用不同的启动子、克隆载体等基因重组常用载体携带这些核心顺序。
优选地上述发明方案以肝细胞癌为主要癌种,还包括胃癌、食道癌、肠癌、肺癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌等
定义
本发明中,所使用的一些术语具有如下含义:
术语“肿瘤起始细胞”、“肿瘤干细胞”、“肿瘤传递细胞”在本文中可以互换使用,这 些术语的称谓只是一个实际应用过程中的对一类细胞的称谓,有关这一类细胞的具体生物学特性尚有待更进一步的研究揭示。但这一类细胞一般具有但不限于以下特点:(1)高度恶性:在免疫缺陷小鼠体内很少量的细胞(100个甚至更少)即可成瘤,且这种致瘤性相对稳定;(2)对常规治疗的耐受性:对常规的放化疗表现为抗拒性,不敏感。
本发明使用的术语“抗体”是指能够特异性地结合目标多肽或目标序列的抗体分子,并涵盖完整的抗体分子或其片段,包括其抗原结合片段。
本发明使用的术语“抗原结合片段”是指保留了特异性地结合目标蛋白、多肽或序列的能力的任何抗体片段,其包括单链抗体、Fab片段、F(ab′)2片段、二硫键连接的单链抗体(sFv)和包含VL和/或VH中任一种的片段或包含特异结合目标蛋白、多肽或序列的CDR的片段。本领域熟知获得上述抗体片段的各种方法。
本发明使用的术语“互补决定基(complementarity determining regions,CDR)”是指决定抗体抗原结合活性的特定氨基酸序列。
本发明使用的术语“特异性地识别”是指抗体或其抗原结合片段特异性地结合目标蛋白、多肽或序列的能力。该抗体不非特异性地与其它多肽或蛋白结合。优选地,特异性地识别CACNA2D1的抗体或其抗原结合片段不与其它抗原交叉反应。
附图说明
图1针对富含肝癌干细胞的Hep-12的抗体1B79-1、1D60-3、1B50-1、1E7免疫荧光染色,示所识别的抗原定位在细胞膜上。多数Hep-12细胞呈阳性,而Hep-11细胞多为阴性。
图2显示动物接种实验证明的1B50-1抗体阳性细胞具有肿瘤起始细胞特性。
图3显示1B50-1抗体识别的抗原CACNA2D1的鉴定。A.免疫沉淀分析结果;B.表达CACNA2D1-myc的质粒转染1B50-1抗体阴性的细胞的结果,显示Myc和1B50-1抗体染色在细胞膜上具有共定位关系。
图4肝癌标本中1B50-1抗体免疫组化染色结果。示1B50-1抗体阳性细胞散在分布在肿瘤组织中。
图5显示CACNA2D1基因在各种肿瘤细胞系中表达。A.不同细胞系中CACNA2D1基因表达的RT-PCR分析;B.不同细胞系中1B50-1抗体免疫荧光细胞化学染色分析。
图6显示1B50-1抗体对人肝癌Hep-12细胞NOD/SCID小鼠移植瘤的生长具有抑制作用。A.不同组细胞形成的肿瘤;B.不同组肿瘤在NOD/SCID小鼠的生长曲线;C.解剖时不同组肿瘤的重量;D.解剖时不同组肿瘤的体积。
图7显示1B50-1抗体对人肝癌HuH7细胞NOD/SCID小鼠移植瘤的生长具有抑制作用。A.不同组细胞形成的肿瘤;B.不同组细胞在NOD/SCID小鼠的生长曲线;C.解剖时不同组肿瘤的体积;D.解剖时不同组肿瘤的重量。
图8显示CACNA2D1基因RNA干扰对肝癌Hep-12细胞在NOD/SCID小鼠体内生长的抑制。A.RNA干扰后1B50-1抗体染色显示细胞CACNA2D1基因蛋白水平显著降低;B.RNA干扰后动物体内肿瘤生长曲线;C.解剖时瘤体体积;D.解剖时瘤体重量。
图9显示经QM-7细胞表达的单链抗体可以与CACNA2D1基因阳性细胞结合。
具体实施方式
通过实施例的方式对本发明作进一步的说明,但是本发明并不仅局限于以下实施例。
试剂材料:
人肝癌细胞系Hep-11和Hep-12是由来源于同一肝癌病人原发和复发肝癌组织经原代培养后建系而成(有关该细胞对的详细背景材料见:Zhang Z,Xu X,Xing B,Wang Y,Han H,Zhao W.Identification and characterization of tumor-initiating cells with stem-like properties from a recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma[abstract].In:Proceedings of the 100th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research;2009 Apr 18-22;Denver,CO.Philadelphia(PA):AACR;2009.Abstract nr 190;Xu XL,Xing BC,Han HB,Zhao W,Hu MH,Xu ZL,Li JY,Xie Y,Gu J,Wang Y,Zhang ZQ.The properties of tumor-initiating cells from a hepatocellular carcinoma patient′s primary and recurrent tumor.Carcinogenesis.2010;31(2):167-74.),肝癌细胞系HuH7(ATCC)、HepG2(ATCC),SMMC-7721、乳腺癌细胞系ZR-75(ATCC)、MCF-7细胞(ATCC)、MDA-MB-231(ATCC)、BICR-H1细胞(由北京肿瘤医院黄信孚教授惠赠)、肺癌细胞A549(ATCC)、Calu-3(ATCC)、Calu6(ATCC)、PG(由北京大学医学部基础医学院吴秉诠教授惠赠)。食道癌细胞系KYSE150(由北京大学医学部基础医学院鲁风民教授惠赠)、KYSE510((由北京大学医学部基础医学院鲁风民教授惠赠)、胃癌细胞系BGC823、MGC803、SGC7901,前列腺癌PC3M1E7、PC3M2B4均为常用细胞系,本实验室保存。
抗体制备
接近密度饱和的Hep-11细胞经PBS涮洗3遍后,用细胞刮子收集细胞,离心后悬浮在无菌PBS中(~5×106细胞/ml),接种在4-6周龄雌性Balb/c小鼠腹腔内,每只0.5ml,共接种4只。分别于接种Hep-11细胞后第二天、第4天腹腔注射200mg/Kg体重的环磷酰胺(cyclophosphamide,Sigma-Aldrich,St Louis,MO)。第十八天时按照收集Hep-11细胞的方法准备Hep-12细胞,每只小鼠腹腔接种约2.5×106细胞/0.5mlPBS。每三周用等量的Hep-12加强免疫,共加强3次。最后一次加强免疫后3天取脾脏制备细胞悬液,与108SP2/0细胞混合,无血清1640培养液洗两遍后,用50%PEG4000(Sigma-ALdrich)按照常规操作融合细胞。用含HAT(Sigma-ALdrich)的15%小牛血清的1640培养液重悬细胞,接种于96孔细胞培养板,置CO2细胞孵育箱中培养。5天后用含HAT的15%小牛血清的1640培养液给融合细胞换液,大约于融合后两周,根据杂交瘤克隆生长情况,取细胞培养上清免疫酶联吸附实验(ELISA)分别用Hep-11、Hep-12细胞检测含有特异针对Hep-12细胞的抗体的杂交瘤克隆(Hep-12细胞强阳性,Hep-11细胞弱阳性或阴性)。对阳性的克隆用有限稀释法进行亚克隆3-5遍,直至大于90%的亚克隆全为阳性。
抗体的生产和纯化
能分泌特异性抗体1B50-1的杂交瘤克隆经扩大培养,接种于降植烷预处理的雌性Balb/c小鼠腹腔,每只小鼠接种2x106细胞。约一周左右处死小鼠,取腹水。按常规操作进行G蛋白亲和层析抗体纯化。纯化后的抗体浓度按公式计算:抗体(毫克/毫升)=OD280×0.6868。抗体的纯度用SDS-PAGE分析,达到电泳级纯。
抗体亚型测定
按照Sigma小鼠单抗亚类测定试剂盒(Mouse Monoclonal Antibody Isotyping Reagents,Cat# Iso2-1KT,Sigmal-Aldrich,St Louis,MO,USA)说明书推荐的步骤操作,用PBS将亚类特异的抗体1∶1000稀释后加于96孔检测板,每孔100微升,每种抗体加2孔。37℃孵育 1小时,PBS洗3遍后,加入待测杂交瘤上清,室温孵育1小时,PBS洗3遍。用含5%脱脂奶粉的PBS稀释辣根过氧化物酶标记的羊抗鼠抗体,加入检测板,室温孵育1小时后,PBS洗5遍。加入ELISA底物反应液,室温避光反应30分钟,加入等体积12.5%硫酸终止反应。
经测定1B50-1抗体与亚型IgG3反应强阳性,而与其它亚型的反应为阴性或弱阳性,提示1B50-1抗体的亚型为IgG3。
抗体的重链和轻链可变区的克隆、鉴定
1B50-1杂交瘤细胞用Trizol法提取细胞总RNA,经Superscript III(Invitrogen公司)逆转录酶逆转录成cDNA后,用鼠源抗体重链可变区5’端含简并碱基引物5’-CTTCCGGAATTCSARGTNMAGCTGSAGSAGTC-3’+5’-CTTCCGGAATTCSARGTNMAGCTGSAGSAGTCWGG-3’与3’端引物5’-GGAGGATCCAGGGACCAAGGGATAGACAGATGG-3’,轻链可变区正向引物5’-GGAGCTCGAYATTGTGMTSACMCARWCTMCA-3’和反向引物5’-TATAGAGCTCAAGCTTGGATGGTGGGAAGATGGATACAGTTGGTC-3’PCR分别扩增1B50-1抗体重链和轻链可变区。扩增产物克隆入PCR-blunt(Invitrogen)载体,选取阳性克隆双向测序。用http://www.bioinf.org.uk/abs/chothia.html.提供的工具对获得的1B50-1抗体重链和轻链的氨基酸顺序确定Chothia标准结构域,获得重链和轻链的CDR区的顺序。
1B50-1抗体可变区单链抗体表达载体的构建和表达
为验证克隆的可变区,构建了用MMP-9信号肽引导的单链抗体的表达载体,并转染骨骼肌成肌细胞QM-7,诱导分化后取培养基与Hep-12细胞孵育,用MYC-标签抗体进行间接免疫荧光细胞化学染色,观察转染后培养基是否可特异与Hep-12结合。
1B50-1抗体识别抗原鉴定
培养的肝癌Hep-11和Hep-12细胞去除培养基后,分别加入1B50-1抗体杂交瘤培养上清,37℃培养箱继续温育2小时,弃去培养液,用PBS洗细胞3次,用细胞刮子收集培养细胞,离心后分别加去离子水5毫升,重悬细胞,超声处理。加2X细胞裂解液,再超声。在4℃下10000转/分钟离心10分钟,取上清,加预平衡的Sepharose 4B-protein G(Pharmacia,Uppsala,Sweden)亲和层析珠。室温作用1小时,PBS流洗层析柱,0.1M甘氨酸盐酸缓冲液(pH2.5)洗脱结合的抗原,用1M Tris-HCl(pH9.0)调节至pH7.0,加入等量2×SDS-PAGE样品缓冲液,行SDS-PAGE分析。考马斯亮蓝R250染色后将1B50-1免疫沉淀下来的特异在Hep-12表达的条带切割下来,胰酶消化后行MALDI-TOF质谱分析。
CACNA2D1基因表达的逆转录-PCR分析
密度接近饱和的培养细胞弃去培养基,经PBS涮洗后,用Trizo法提取细胞总RNA。3μg细胞总RNA在如下20μl反应体系中逆转录合成第一链cDNA:1×逆转录缓冲液(50mM Tris-HCl pH 8.3、75mM KCl和3mM MgCl2)、20U RNA酶抑制剂(Promega,Madison,WI,USA)、10mM DTT、50mM dNTP、0.5μg oligo-(dT)15(Promega)和200U Moloney啮齿类白血病病毒逆转录酶(M-MLV-RT;Invitrogen)。1μl的cDNA用针对CACNA2D1基因的正向引物5’-ACAGCAAGTGGAGTCAATCA-3’、反向引物5’-ACTGCTGCGTGCTGATAAGA-3’在Taq酶作用下经94℃预变性5分钟,94℃45秒,56℃45秒,72℃1分钟PCR 反应25个循环,72℃延伸10分钟。反应产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳、溴化乙锭染色后,紫外灯下观察照相。
CACNA2D1基因克隆、表达载体构建
按照Genebank中CACNA2D1基因(NM_000722.2;calcium channel,voltage-dependent,alpha 2/delta subunit 1,钙离子通道,电压依赖型,α2δ亚基1)序列分三段分别设计正向和反向引物,三段引物顺序分别为:第一段正向引物:5’-CCGgaattcTATGGCTGCTGGCTGCCTGCTGG-3’,反向引物5’-AACCATTAGGATCGATTGCAAAG-3’;第二段正向引物:5’-TGTGTACCTGGATGCATTGGAACTG-3’,反向引物:5’-ACCATCATCCAGAATCACACAATC-3’;第二段正向引物:5’-AGAGACATATGAGGACAGCTTC-3’,反向引物:5’-GTCGACTACTTGTCATCGTCATCCTTGTAATCCTCGAGTAACAGGCGGTGTGTGCTG-3’。以Hep-12细胞cDNA为模板,用上述引物PCR分别扩增涵盖该基因全长的三个片段,产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳纯化后重组进PCR-blunt载体,送公司测序确认。三个片段经适当酶切和中间载体拼接成完整全长的CACNA2D1基因,最后将全长的CACNA2D1基因克隆至pcDNA3.0-mychis载体(为发明人在Invitrogen公司的pcDNA3的基础上构建而成)。
基因转染
接种细胞以次日密度达80-90%饱和。用Lipofectamine 2000(Invitrogen)按照公司推荐的步骤将构建好的CACNA2D1mychis/pcDNA3.0质粒转染到细胞内。转染后24、48小时进行该基因表达的免疫荧光细胞化学染色分析。
细胞免疫荧光染色
培养细胞经胰酶:EDTA消化制成单细胞悬液,取2×106细胞加入纯化的1B50-1抗体(1∶100稀释,储存液1mg/ml),37℃孵育1小时,PBS洗涤3次,加入FITC标记的山羊抗小鼠II抗IgG(Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories,USA,0.5mg/ml;1∶100稀释),37℃作用1小时,经PBS洗涤后leica SP5激光共聚焦显微镜下观察,或用Aria流式细胞检测分析、分选。对转染CACNA2D1mychis/pcDNA3.0质粒的细胞,则加入1B50-1单抗和myc兔多克隆抗体双染,II抗分别用罗丹明标记的山羊抗小鼠、FITC标记的山羊抗兔IgG。
免疫组化染色
临床肝癌病人癌旁和癌组织的冰冻切片,甲醇固定30秒,5%脱脂奶粉封闭后,与1B50-1单克隆抗体(1∶100稀释,含5%BSA)4℃孵育过夜,再经PBS洗涤,与FITC标记的山羊抗小鼠II抗IgG室温反应2小时,PBS洗涤,DAPI(1∶2000)染核5分钟,2%DABCO甘油封片,Leica SP5激光共聚焦显微镜下观察。
CACNA
2
D
1
基因RNA干扰慢病毒载体的构建、包装和感染:
CACNA2D1基因的干扰RNA序列由Origene公司设计和合成,构建在逆转录病毒载体,该载体以U6的启动子作为启动子,其中序列1为针对CACNA2D1基因编码序列546-574的ACTCAACTGGACAAGTGCCT TAGATGAAG,序列2为针对该基因编码序列116-144的AGATGCAA GAAGACCTTGTCACACTGGCA,对照序列为Origene公司随机合成的无关等长核苷酸序列(公司未披露)。含有上述序列的载体分别经EcoRI和SalI酶切,琼脂糖凝胶电泳分离纯化含有U6启动子和上述寡核苷酸序列的片段,与经同样酶切的Plenti6-linker载体(由本实验室用Invitrogen公司的plenti6载体经Cla I和Age I双酶切后 加入含有多克隆位点的连接子序列改造而成,保存于本实验室)连接、经鉴定分别获得慢病毒质粒载体plenti6U6CACNA2D1ShRNA-1、plenti6U6CACNA2D1ShRNA-2以及对照plenti6U6-control。慢病毒的包装严格按照Invitrogen公司推荐的方法。含有慢病毒颗粒的培养上清直接感染Hep-12细胞,48小时后加入6μg/ml的Blasticidin筛选感染病毒的细胞,每三天更换新鲜培养液,获得经上述病毒感染的细胞群并在实验过程中持续用含有6μg/ml的Blasticidin以维持筛选压力。感染的细胞进一步用RT-PCR和免疫荧光细胞化学染色观察对CACNA2D1基因抑制的效果。用免疫缺陷动物致瘤实验观察对肿瘤成瘤和生长的抑制作用。
动物致瘤以及抗体抑瘤实验
致瘤实验:对于评价肿瘤起始细胞的致瘤和自我更新能力的实验,选用不同来源经流式细胞仪分选获得的1B50-1抗体阴性、阳性不同数量(104、103、102)的细胞与Matrigel(BD公司)等体积混合接种在4-6周龄NOD/SCID小鼠(北京维通利华动物中心,SPF级)皮下(阴性、阳性细胞接种在同一只小鼠的不同侧),每组接种5只,每周观察肿瘤生长情况。对于评价CACNA20D1基因抑制后动物致瘤、生长特性改变的动物实验,NOD/SCID小鼠皮下接种2×106细胞。待肿瘤生长至肉眼可见时,每三天测量肿瘤的长径和短径,按照公式“肿瘤体积=长径×短径2/2”计算肿瘤体积大小,绘制生长曲线。
抗体抑瘤实验:4-6周龄NOD/SCID小鼠皮下接种2×106肝癌细胞,待肿瘤生长至肉眼可见大小(约0.02-0.03cm3)随机分组,每组6只,隔日腹腔分别注射PBS、对照小鼠IgG(中杉金桥生物技术公司,800μg/只)和1B50-1抗体(分别为200、400和800μg/只)。用游标卡尺在每次注射前测量肿瘤的长径和短径,按照公式“肿瘤体积=长径×短径2/2”计算肿瘤体积大小,共计给药7次后,隔日处死动物,解剖形成的瘤块,测量湿重和体积。
实施效果
实施效果例一:1B50-1抗体识别细胞膜抗原,各种肝癌细胞系的阳性率差别较大:
用差减免疫法并制备杂交瘤,经Hep-11和Hep-12细胞对阴阳筛选,经3次融合筛选,第一轮共得到37个潜在特异针对Hep-12的单克隆抗体。对这些抗体进行进一步的亚克隆,有4个抗体在细胞膜定位清楚(图1)。首先对这四个抗体在不同肝癌细胞系中的表达情况进行了分析,结果如表1。不同的肝癌细胞系中不同的抗体阳性率差别较大,但除复发来源、富含肿瘤起始细胞的Hep-12细胞以外,含量均较低。
表1.针对的Hep-12的抗体在肝癌细胞系和病人标本早期培养物中的阳性率
ND:未测定(Not Done)
实施效果例二:1B50-1抗体识别的阳性细胞具有肿瘤起始细胞特性
用流式细胞仪从Hep-12细胞分选1B50-1抗体阴阳性细胞群,选取1000个细胞分别注射到NOD/SCID小鼠皮下(阴性阳性细胞分别注射到同一小鼠的不同侧面皮下),经12-18周,1B50-1阳性细胞的成瘤率为4/4、阴性组为1/4(共接种5只,其中1只实验中途死亡,未计算)。进一步我们用1B50-1抗体分别从HuH7细胞(ATCC来源人肝细胞癌细胞系)、ZJC(本室从人肝细胞癌自建细胞系)分选阴阳性细胞,致瘤结果见图2。从三种细胞系结果来看,100或1000个1B50-1抗体阳性细胞足以启动肿瘤形成,对应的阴性组致瘤性远低于阳性组。
实施效果例三:1B50-1抗体识别的抗原是CACNA2D1的亚型5
抗体1B50-1从Hep-12细胞经免疫沉淀在150KD左右有一特异条带(箭头指示条带)。经质谱分析提示该蛋白为CACNA2D1。以Hep-12细胞的cDNA为模板,用PCR方法扩增该基因,装入PCR-blunt载体后测序表明Hep-12中的CACNA2D1基因为该基因的亚型5,与基因数据库NM_000722.2序列相比,缺失了氨基酸531-549。进一步将该基因用常规DNA重组技术在C-端添加MYC标签肽编码序列,装入pcDNA3.0mychis真核细胞表达载体,转染不表达该基因的细胞,用MYC多抗和1B50-1抗体进行双染,结果发现转染后的细胞MYC标签肽抗体和1B50-1抗体在细胞表面分布一致,证明1B50-1抗体识别的就是CACNA2D1基因(图3)。
实施效果例四:CACNA2D1基因在肝癌临床标本中的表达
选取临床肝细胞癌病例共49例病人的新鲜标本的癌组织及配对的癌旁组织(共45例有癌旁组织),进行冰冻切片。固定后用1B50-1抗体进行免疫荧光组织化学染色,结果发现在61.2%的病例(30例/49例)中,1B50-1抗体阳性细胞散在分布在癌组织中(图4)。在癌旁组织中阳性细胞的检出率为46.7%(21/45),低于癌组织的阳性率。同时在5例再复发病人的标本中,有3例癌组织标本中1B50-1抗体阳性细胞的百分比明显增高,一例标本中未发现阳性细胞,这提示经治疗后再复发的标本中1B50-1抗体阳性细胞存在富集倾向。进一步癌旁组织中1B50-1抗体阴性组的病人预后较好(预后较好组癌旁阳性率为21.4%:3/14,预后差组的阳性率为58.1%:18/31;卡方检验p值=0.0226<0.05,具有统计学上的差异显著性)。更为重要的是如果去掉癌旁和癌组织中全为阴性的病例,则这种差别更为显著(预后较好组癌旁阳性率为33.3%:3/9,预后差组的阳性率为83.3%:15/18;卡方检验p值=0.0094<0.01,差异具有极显著性)。这提示检测肝癌病人癌旁组织中1B50-1抗体阳性细胞的存在与否可以作为肝癌预后评价的指标。
实施效果例五:CACNA2D1基因在胃癌、食道癌、乳腺癌、肺癌等细胞系中的表达
首先用RT-PCR对除肝癌外的常见肿瘤胃癌、肺癌、乳腺癌和前列腺癌细胞系中CACNA2D1基因的表达进行了检测,结果如图5A所示,在胃癌细胞中的MGC-803、SGC7901;肺癌的PG和A549细胞、乳腺癌的BICR-H1和MDA-MB-231细胞中检测到阳性条带,高转移性的前列腺癌PC3M1E7显著表达,而低转移的PC3M2B4却未检测到。这说明虽然并不是所有的细胞都曾阳性,但在多种肿瘤中的确有一部分表现为该基因阳性表达,这与肝癌病例中检测到的结果相似。而且上述阳性的细胞都为高转移细胞,提示该基因可能与肿瘤的转移特性呈正相关。进一步,用1B50-1抗体对一些细胞进行免疫荧光细胞化学染色,发现胃癌SGC7901、食管癌(KYSE-510、KYSE-150)和乳腺癌ZR-75细胞中 CACNA2D1基因蛋白表达阳性,定位在细胞膜上,不同细胞系中的阳性细胞数差别很大,但都只占很小的群体(图5B)。这与肝癌中的情况相似,提示我们在肝癌中的发现在多种肿瘤中有普遍性,有可能用于这些肿瘤诊断和治疗的分子靶点。
实施效果例六:1B50-1抗体对肝癌荷瘤小鼠的生长的抑制作用
我们先将肝癌Hep-12细胞、HuH7细胞分别接种在免疫缺陷动物皮下,待肿瘤生长至0.02-0.03cm3时,通过腹腔注射不同剂量的1B50-1抗体,结果如表和图,可见800μg/只小鼠剂量组对肝癌细胞系Hep-12和Huh7的抑瘤率分别为80.4%、65.5%(以重量计算)(图6,7),与对照PBS处理组和IgG组相比均有统计学上的显著性差异,且存在剂量依赖效应。
实施效果例七:ShRNA抑制Hep-12细胞中CACNA2D1的表达可以抑制该细胞在动物体内的生长
为进一步确认1B50-1抗体所识别的抗原CACNA2D1是否是一肿瘤治疗的靶分子,我们构建了表达该基因干扰RNA的慢病毒载体plenti6U6CACNA2D1shRNA-1和plenti6U6CACNA2D1shRNA-2,并以plenti6U6空载体作对照,包装成慢病毒后感染Hep-12细胞,用blasticidin筛选感染的细胞。1B50-1抗体免疫荧光细胞化学染色显示(图8A),两个含有CACNA2D1干扰RNA顺序的慢病毒感染后,CACNA2D1蛋白的表达明显抑制,偶在细胞膜上见十分稀疏的阳性荧光点,对照组的荧光则很强,且可见于大多数的细胞。将上述分别感染不同慢病毒的接种在NOD/SCID小鼠皮下,每组5只,每只接种2×106细胞,观察肿瘤形成情况。结果如图8B所示,感染携带CACNA2D1干扰RNA的两个慢病毒的细胞在动物体内的生长速度显著慢于转染空载体对照组,抑瘤率分别达57.5%和59.6%(按体重计),经t检验分析,与对照组相比的p值分别为0.0164和0.014。这些结果说明抑制CACNA2D1基因的表达确可以抑制Hep-12的体内生长,是一治疗的分子靶点。
实施效果例八:真核细胞表达的单链抗体可识别Hep-12细胞
将用QM-7细胞表达的1B50-1可变区的单链抗体的培养上清与Hep-12细胞共孵育,用MYC标签肽抗体9E10作为I抗,FITC标记的山羊抗小鼠II抗染色,荧光镜下观察。可见Hep-12细胞表面可以被MYC标签肽抗体9E10识别(图9),荧光染色的模式与1B50-1抗体所染结果一致,表明所表达的单链抗体具有类似1B50-1抗体一样的结合活性,进一步确认所克隆的1B50-1抗体的可变区轻链、重链顺序正确,可以这些顺序为基础经基因工程技术进行进一步的抗体药物改造。
虽然已经对本发明的具体实施方案进行了描述,但是本领域技术人员应认识到,在不偏离本发明的范围或精神的前提下可以对本发明进行多种改变与修饰。因而,本发明意欲涵盖落在权利要求书及其同等物范围内的所有这些改变与修饰。
Claims (16)
1.一种用于肿瘤起始细胞鉴别和/或治疗靶分子的寻找方法,该方法包括用复发肝癌来源、富含肿瘤起始细胞的Hep-12细胞免疫动物的步骤,并利用Hep-12细胞和Hep-11细胞作为筛选细胞对。
2.电压依赖性钙离子通道蛋白α2δ亚基1(calcium-channel,voltage-dependent,α2/δsubunit 1,简称CACNA2D1,Genebank序列号NM_000722.2CACNA2D1)是肿瘤起始细胞分离、鉴定和治疗的一个靶分子,可用于诊断试剂和肿瘤治疗药物的制备和筛选。
3.根据权利要求书2,CACNA2D1基因作为肿瘤起始细胞的鉴别的分子是指该基因阳性的肿瘤细胞具有肿瘤起始细胞的特性(亦可称为肿瘤干细胞),可以在免疫缺陷动物体内形成肿瘤。
4.一种通过检测CACNA2D1基因的表达(mRNA或/和蛋白水平)的肿瘤诊断试剂制备和应用的方法。
5.权利要求书4中对CACNA2D1基因mRNA表达的检测试剂和应用是指包括但不限于设计针对该基因特异引物进行逆转录PCR(RT-PCR)为基础的各种PCR检测试剂的制备。
6.权利要求书4中对CACNA2D1基因蛋白表达的检测试剂和应用是指能特异结合CACNA2D1分子的抗体或抗原结合片段、短肽或其它小分子化合物,它们可以单独或与荧光素、同位素交联或经其他基团修饰、标记以组成适用不同检测方法诸如酶联免疫吸附、放免测定、体内显像、免疫组化、免疫细胞化学、流式细胞分析以及Western杂交等的试剂盒用于肿瘤的检测和预后判断。
7.根据权利要求书2,CACNA2D1作为肿瘤治疗的靶分子是指具备降低该基因表达或/和蛋白活性、或靶向该分子后引起细胞毒性反应特征的药物(如抗体或抗原结合片段、单链或双链寡聚核苷酸、核酸、短肽或各种小分子化合物),单独或经过修饰,或借助于适当的载体、或与其它治疗药物一起应用于人体治疗肿瘤。
8.一种肿瘤治疗药物制备和筛选的方法,该方法涉及利用CACNA2D1作为靶标,研制和筛选具有降低该基因表达或/和蛋白活性、或靶向该分子后引起细胞毒性反应的诸如抗体或抗原结合片段、单链或双链寡聚核苷酸、核酸、短肽或各种小分子化合物药物。
9.根据权利要求书8所述,针对CACNA2D1基因用于RNA干扰的药物为针对该基因核苷酸顺序(序列7或序列8),人工指合成的对应单链RNA或含有这些中心顺序迴文结构的双链、转录后可自身形成具发卡结构RNA的DNA顺序重组在RNA干扰的各种载体,供导入CACNA2D1基因阳性的肿瘤细胞,以应用于人体治疗肿瘤。
10.权利要求6、7和8中抗体的特征为用各种免疫方法获得的不同种属、多克隆、单克隆或基因工程方法获得的各种免疫球蛋白或抗原结合片段,或其衍生物具备特异结合CACNA2D1分子能力。
11.根据权利要求10,一个用于肿瘤诊断和治疗、特异针对CACNA2D1的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合片段包含:
(i)重链,其包含重链可变区CDRH1、CDRH2和CDRH3,所述CDRH1、CDRH2、CDRH3的氨基酸序列分别为序列1、2、3;或
(ii)轻链,其包含轻链可变区CDRL1、CDRL2和CDRL3,所述CDRL1、CDRL2、CDRL3的氨基酸序列分别为序列4、5、6所述的氨基酸序列;或
(iii)上述(i)和(ii)两者。
12.根据权利要求10所述的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合片段,其中所述单克隆抗体为中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心保藏的杂交瘤(保藏编号为CGMCC No.416)所产生的单克隆抗体。
13.用于诊断肿瘤的试剂盒制备和应用,其包含权利要求11和12中任一项所述的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合片段。
14.用于肿瘤治疗药物的制备和应用,其包含权利要求11和12中任一项所述的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合片段。
15.分离的核酸分子,其包含编码根据权利要求11和12中任一项所述的单克隆抗体或其抗原结合片段的氨基酸序列的核苷酸。
16.上述权利要求中,其用于诊断或治疗肿瘤,优选所述肿瘤为肝癌、食道癌、胃癌、肺癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌或其他高表达CACNA2D1基因的肿瘤。
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CN2011100421666A CN102251013A (zh) | 2011-02-22 | 2011-02-22 | 一个识别肿瘤起始细胞的抗体和抗原及其应用 |
JP2013553769A JP6084170B2 (ja) | 2011-02-22 | 2012-02-22 | 腫瘍発生細胞を認識する抗体及び抗原並びにそれらの使用 |
KR1020137024482A KR101797090B1 (ko) | 2011-02-22 | 2012-02-22 | 종양 개시 세포를 인지하는 항체와 항원 및 이의 용도 |
KR1020177032217A KR101885705B1 (ko) | 2011-02-22 | 2012-02-22 | 종양 개시 세포를 인지하는 항체와 항원 및 이의 용도 |
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BR112013021350A BR112013021350A2 (pt) | 2011-02-22 | 2012-02-22 | anticorpo e antígeno reconhecido de células iniciadoras de tumor e o uso destes |
EP12749191.8A EP2682475B1 (en) | 2011-02-22 | 2012-02-22 | Antibody and antigen recognizing tumor-initiating cells and use thereof |
CN201280010033.3A CN103562403B (zh) | 2011-02-22 | 2012-02-22 | 一个识别肿瘤起始细胞的抗体和抗原及其应用 |
US14/001,105 US10174123B2 (en) | 2011-02-22 | 2012-02-22 | Antibody and binding fragment recognizing CACNA2D1 and use thereof |
US16/238,752 US20200040097A1 (en) | 2011-02-22 | 2019-01-03 | Antibody and antigen recognizing tumor-initiating cells and use thereof |
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- 2011-02-22 CN CN2011100421666A patent/CN102251013A/zh active Pending
-
2012
- 2012-02-22 KR KR1020137024482A patent/KR101797090B1/ko active Active
- 2012-02-22 JP JP2013553769A patent/JP6084170B2/ja active Active
- 2012-02-22 US US14/001,105 patent/US10174123B2/en active Active
- 2012-02-22 WO PCT/CN2012/000227 patent/WO2012113266A1/zh active Application Filing
- 2012-02-22 EP EP12749191.8A patent/EP2682475B1/en active Active
- 2012-02-22 KR KR1020177032217A patent/KR101885705B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-02-22 CN CN201280010033.3A patent/CN103562403B/zh active Active
- 2012-02-22 BR BR112013021350A patent/BR112013021350A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2019
- 2019-01-03 US US16/238,752 patent/US20200040097A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
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EP2682475B1 (en) | 2019-11-13 |
CN103562403B (zh) | 2018-11-16 |
CN103562403A8 (zh) | 2018-01-26 |
US10174123B2 (en) | 2019-01-08 |
US20200040097A1 (en) | 2020-02-06 |
EP2682475A4 (en) | 2015-01-14 |
CN103562403A (zh) | 2014-02-05 |
KR20170126033A (ko) | 2017-11-15 |
BR112013021350A2 (pt) | 2016-11-08 |
KR101797090B1 (ko) | 2017-11-13 |
KR101885705B1 (ko) | 2018-08-06 |
KR20140020922A (ko) | 2014-02-19 |
US20140044729A1 (en) | 2014-02-13 |
JP2014507150A (ja) | 2014-03-27 |
WO2012113266A1 (zh) | 2012-08-30 |
EP2682475A1 (en) | 2014-01-08 |
JP6084170B2 (ja) | 2017-02-22 |
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