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CN102239043A - 用于闭合最好为袋式的包装用具的闭合设备 - Google Patents

用于闭合最好为袋式的包装用具的闭合设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102239043A
CN102239043A CN2009801454206A CN200980145420A CN102239043A CN 102239043 A CN102239043 A CN 102239043A CN 2009801454206 A CN2009801454206 A CN 2009801454206A CN 200980145420 A CN200980145420 A CN 200980145420A CN 102239043 A CN102239043 A CN 102239043A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
pressure
closing apparatus
packing
packing appliance
appliance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN2009801454206A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
R·瓦德赫
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Westwind Verpackungen GmbH
Original Assignee
Westwind Verpackungen GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Westwind Verpackungen GmbH filed Critical Westwind Verpackungen GmbH
Publication of CN102239043A publication Critical patent/CN102239043A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B43/00—Forming, feeding, opening or setting-up containers or receptacles in association with packaging
    • B65B43/42—Feeding or positioning bags, boxes, or cartons in the distended, opened, or set-up state; Feeding preformed rigid containers, e.g. tins, capsules, glass tubes, glasses, to the packaging position; Locating containers or receptacles at the filling position; Supporting containers or receptacles during the filling operation
    • B65B43/52—Feeding or positioning bags, boxes, or cartons in the distended, opened, or set-up state; Feeding preformed rigid containers, e.g. tins, capsules, glass tubes, glasses, to the packaging position; Locating containers or receptacles at the filling position; Supporting containers or receptacles during the filling operation using roller-ways or endless conveyors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/24—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools characterised by the means for heating the tool
    • B29C65/30—Electrical means
    • B29C65/32—Induction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7858—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus characterised by the feeding movement of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/7861—In-line machines, i.e. feeding, joining and discharging are in one production line
    • B29C65/787—In-line machines, i.e. feeding, joining and discharging are in one production line using conveyor belts or conveyor chains
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/03—After-treatments in the joint area
    • B29C66/034—Thermal after-treatments
    • B29C66/0342—Cooling, e.g. transporting through welding and cooling zone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/23—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being multiple and parallel or being in the form of tessellations
    • B29C66/232—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being multiple and parallel or being in the form of tessellations said joint lines being multiple and parallel, i.e. the joint being formed by several parallel joint lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/345—Progressively making the joint, e.g. starting from the middle
    • B29C66/3452—Making complete joints by combining partial joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/346—Making joints having variable thicknesses in the joint area, e.g. by using jaws having an adapted configuration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/346—Making joints having variable thicknesses in the joint area, e.g. by using jaws having an adapted configuration
    • B29C66/3462—Making joints having variable thicknesses in the joint area, e.g. by using jaws having an adapted configuration by differentially heating the zones of different thickness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/347—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined using particular temperature distributions or gradients; using particular heat distributions or gradients
    • B29C66/3472—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined using particular temperature distributions or gradients; using particular heat distributions or gradients in the plane of the joint, e.g. along the joint line in the plane of the joint or perpendicular to the joint line in the plane of the joint
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/431—Joining the articles to themselves
    • B29C66/4312—Joining the articles to themselves for making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles, e.g. transversal seams
    • B29C66/43121—Closing the ends of tubular or hollow single articles, e.g. closing the ends of bags
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81433—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined being toothed, i.e. comprising several teeth or pins, or being patterned
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8141—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/81433—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined being toothed, i.e. comprising several teeth or pins, or being patterned
    • B29C66/81435—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the surface geometry of the part of the pressing elements, e.g. welding jaws or clamps, coming into contact with the parts to be joined being toothed, i.e. comprising several teeth or pins, or being patterned comprising several parallel ridges, e.g. for crimping
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81461—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps being multi-lamellar or segmented, i.e. comprising a plurality of strips, plates or stacked elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81463—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps comprising a plurality of single pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of sonotrodes, or comprising a plurality of single counter-pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of anvils, said plurality of said single elements being suitable for making a single joint
    • B29C66/81465—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps comprising a plurality of single pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of sonotrodes, or comprising a plurality of single counter-pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of anvils, said plurality of said single elements being suitable for making a single joint one placed behind the other in a single row in the feed direction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/816—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8161—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps said pressing elements being supported or backed-up by springs or by resilient material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/818—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • B29C66/8181—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
    • B29C66/822—Transmission mechanisms
    • B29C66/8221—Scissor or lever mechanisms, i.e. involving a pivot point
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8324—Joining or pressing tools pivoting around one axis
    • B29C66/83241—Joining or pressing tools pivoting around one axis cooperating pivoting tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/834—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/8341—Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types
    • B29C66/83411—Roller, cylinder or drum types
    • B29C66/83413—Roller, cylinder or drum types cooperating rollers, cylinders or drums
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/834—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools moving with the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/8341—Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types
    • B29C66/83421—Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types band or belt types
    • B29C66/83423—Roller, cylinder or drum types; Band or belt types; Ball types band or belt types cooperating bands or belts
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种通过将最好为袋式的包装用具(2)压接在一起来闭合它们的闭合设备(1)，所述袋子沿着待闭合的包装开口具有不同厚度的部位，例如方底袋，尤其是由有涂层或无涂层的纸、纸板、塑料、薄膜和/或编织材料制成的用具，所述包装用具(2)具有至少一个合适的密封面(4)，所述密封面结合入或施加到所述材料，以便永久结合邻接或相对的表面以及压在所述材料上，其中所述闭合设备(1)具有压力装置(10)，所述压力装置具有至少一个加压装置(5)和至少一个反压装置(6)，在所述的加压和反压装置之间，可优选地通过施加热能，在所述包装用具(2)的密封面(4)的区域中压接所述包装用具(2)。为了实现均匀持久的闭合，所述加压装置(5)和所述反压装置(6)沿着待闭合的包装开口包括具有不同压力和/或不同温度的区域。

Description

用于闭合最好为袋式的包装用具的闭合设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种通过将最好为袋式的包装用具压接在一起来闭合它们的闭合设备，所述用具沿着待闭合的包装开口具有不同厚度的部位，例如方底袋，尤其是由有涂层或无涂层的纸、纸板、塑料、薄膜和/或编织材料制成的用具，所述包装用具具有至少一个合适的密封面，所述密封面结合入或施加到所述材料，以便永久结合邻接或相对的表面以及压在所述材料上，其中所述闭合设备具有压头，所述压头具有至少一个加压装置和至少一个反压装置，在所述的加压和反压装置之间，根据需要通过施加热能，可在所述包装用具的密封面的区域中压接所述包装用具。
背景技术
在包装工业领域中，使用自动化加工生产线来充填并在随后密封各种包装用具，其中包装用具可作为预制空的容器而供应到加工生产线，或者包装材料可作为原料(例如纸片或纸板，或者卷绕在辊上的薄膜)而供应到加工生产线以及在充填前即时制作包装用具，例如可通过熔接呈袋子形式的卷起的包装材料或者通过折迭和粘接纸片来制作。
散装材料对包装用具和包装设备有特殊要求，尤其是当它们要以细粉形式来包装的话，正如在以下情况下通常如是，例如建筑材料或者其它的粒状或粉状材料，例如在宠物用品工业中。此外，这些材料必须以非常大的数量来包装，通常会使用由(有涂层或无涂层的)纸或纸板、或者(有时为纤维强化的)塑料制成的袋。由于填充量很大及由此产生的重量很高，该些袋通常要承受高的应力，但即使在建筑地盘被粗鲁地搬运时，也不应该太容易磨损或破开。
用方底袋可得到特别高的强度，所述方底袋不仅非常坚固，而且归因于它们的方形形状，可以堆迭和码垛堆集，在充填状态下尤其适合。此外，已折迭和仍未充填的方底袋可以较好地堆迭，所以它们通常以预制的形式提供，并在成堆垛下传送到加工生产线，然后在该处进行分离和展开，在该过程中，它们通常通过抽吸装置从堆垛分离、打开、及放置在传送带上，并通过传送带传送到个别加工站。一般来说，这些加工站包括：
-将粉末材料放置在袋中的装填组件，
-防止粉末材料出现气泡的振动器组件，
-从两侧将袋的开口压在一起的折迭装置，在该过程中，必须确保方底袋的侧壁要正确地向内折迭，
-修整袋的上缘的修整装置，
-将袋的开口紧紧地密封的密封装置，例如通过热熔粘接、折迭、缝纫、压接、和/或粘接，以及
-将已充填及完成的袋堆叠在货盘上的堆垛装置。
虽然目前有许多包装和密封系统正在使用，但目前的应用领域只可以实现相对较低的循环率，大约为每分钟及每包装线可得到介于10至20个包装袋，而近年来的发展只可将所述的加工速度加速到较小和令人难以满意的程度。可以预期的是，改进的潜力极大，尤其是对于惯常使用的密封装置。
在方底袋的情况下，例如，密封面设置在开口区域中在袋的材料层的内侧，通常，该些密封面包括一层或多层热熔粘合剂。为了密封，袋在其密封区之处被压在一起，并加热及以这种方式粘合在一起。为此，首先通过一个装置将先前填充的袋的侧壁向内折迭，然后将袋的顶部压在一起，例如可通过收缩的导轨。对于实际的密封工艺而言，袋的密封区然后会被置于压板和反压板之间，随后再将所述板集合在一起，以便压接在它们之间的袋口。取决于密封面或袋所使用的材料，或者是单单靠压力就应足以通过压接来密封袋口，或者是密封区可通过设置在压板上的加热件来加热，以实现自我粘附或者软化涂覆在密封区的热熔粘合剂。为了使包装内侧上的密封面可紧密地熔接，压力必须保持足够长的时间。由此，压接时间与待密封的材料、施加于材料的压力以及施加的温度相关。最低的要求的压接时间对于用该种方法所能达到的循环时间是至关重要的，而在目前，所述时间一般在3至7秒之间，并且是为每一具有预定压力的生产过程以经验为根据地确定出来的。在压接后，所述压板打开，闭合和密封的包装用具通过传送带被传送到下一加工站。
在大多数情况下，紧密密封袋所需的工艺参数，尤其是温度、压力和加压时间，只能以经验为根据地确定，正如前文所指。其主要原因在于，制造商常常没有透露所供应的诸如热熔粘合剂的密封材料的具体的材料特征值，而且该些特征值有时会因生产批量不同而有差异。包装材料也会相对于其物理特性而变化。因此，有可能必须将密封装置的参数为新的条件而调节，即使来自同一制造商的同一种产品(例如预制的方底袋)仍在加工中。由于事实上到目前为止，在目前市售的密封设备中，通常没有提供用于测量密封区中的实际压力和实际温度的传感器，使得产生进行该些调整的系统化方法更加困难。
另一问题出现在该些沿着密封区具有不同材料厚度的包装用具中。在方底袋中就是如此，具体而言，所述方底袋由于向内折迭的侧壁而在边缘处具有四倍的材料厚度，而在折迭的侧壁之间则只具有两倍的材料厚度。在其它包装用具也可能具有该种情况，例如因为要在密封区中嵌入手柄强化物或手提把手。由于目前没有考虑到具有不同厚度的材料层，整个密封区会在两个平板之间于单一工序中压在一起，所以使大部分的压力会施加到较厚(例如四层的)的区域上，而较薄(例如两层的)的区域常常只是程度不足地压在一起。
由于该些限制，目前的密封过程只会很少地在最佳条件下进行，而不良地调整的压力和温度参数通常会通过延长压接时间来进行补偿，这又会使所能实现的循环率变差。
发明内容
本发明的目的为制造一种用于上述包装用具的闭合设备，相对于工艺稳定性、加工速度、可靠性以及密封装置所加工产品的质量而言，其为现有技术的改进。具体地说，使用所述闭合设备，方底袋及其它的沿着包装开口具有不同厚度的包装用具可以均匀地和可靠地密封。此外，通过根据本发明的装置，可以快速和有效地对变化的材料特性(尤其是密封面的材料特性)进行反应。
在不限制本发明的情况下，包装用具可以由例如纸、纸板、塑料、薄膜和/或编织材料制成，但是各种其它的已知材料也可以结合地用于包装用具，诸如层压材料、共挤塑复合材料、金属和/或塑料涂层材料等等。术语“层”或“材料层”也应理解为包括该些本身由多层相同或不相同的材料构成的材料。总之，本发明的使用不应仅限于某些类型的包装用具，而是应该能够用于所有的会出现上述问题的包装用具。
根据本发明，这些目的通过本文开头所述类型的闭合设备来达成，所述闭合设备的加压装置和反压装置包括沿着待闭合的包装开口具有不同压力和/或不同温度的区域。该些区域使得可在包装用具的整个闭合区域上施加精确的适合被施加区域所需的压力或温度，以便密封所述密封面。其中在个别区域的压力或温度可以在基本上相互独立地调节，在机器正在转换到其它包装用具，或甚至在设备被调节到用于具有变化特性的包装用具的时候，可以较快地和以更有针对性的方式来重新建立所要求的工艺稳定性。
在本发明的有利的实施例中，所述加压装置可设计成为可移动的压板，而反压装置则可设计成为可移动的或固定的反压板，其中所述压板和/或反压板可具有多个且优选为三个的具有不同的、可调节的接触压力和/或热源的区域。该实施例既适用于在加工生产线中的时钟控制的、自动前进的包装用具，又适用于较小型方案中的手动馈送。密封过程基本上相应于现有技术所使用的方法，其中包装用具在压板和反压板之间压接，并被加热(如适用的话)。不过，由于事实上无论压力和温度都可在个别区域分别地调节，该三个不同区域可用于密封具有不同厚度的区域的包装用具。在压板和反压板上，它们被设计成三个部份来密封方底袋，两侧区域对应于方底袋的四层式边侧区域，而所述两侧区域之间的区域则对应于两层式区域。
该种设计的压板或反压板可以有利的方式由相对于彼此用弹簧加置的多块板组成。每一皆代表一个区域的个别的弹簧加置板可以，例如可分别由独立的加热线圈加热。由每块板施加的压力可通过弹簧调节和适应于可适用的要求。个别的弹簧加置板在可适用区域相应于袋的厚度，而通过调节弹簧压力可精确地调整每一区域中的工作压力以及准确地适配于可适用的条件。个别区域的温度也可以单独地调节。因此，例如，相比仅密封两层所需要的，密封四层将需要更高的压力和温度。为此，本发明的装置既可用于该些密封面主要通过加热接合(例如热熔粘合密封)及只需以低压力挤压在一起的袋，又可用于该些密封是主要通过强压力(或由在该过程中出现的热量)来进行粘接并因而要求极高压力及很少或没有加热的密封面。
类似的效果可以通过另一有利的闭合设备来达成，所述闭合设备的压板和反压板设计成为具有不同压力区的柔性板。在该设计中，不同的压力区并非由不同的弹簧元件形成，而是由板本身的弹性形成。弹性板的表面延伸在整个压力区上，从而避免包装材料出现折迭线，在使用分组压板时，所述折迭线可能会在接点附近产生。
为了使包装用具可不断地推进，在本发明的另一有利的实施例中，加压装置及反压装置可设计成为彼此弹性地张紧地抵靠并可以加热的压辊，所述压辊具有光滑或异形(profiled)的圆周表面。通过适当地选择弹簧可产生不同的压力区，所述弹簧使压力装置和反压装置彼此压紧。正如上文所述，包装用具的需要不同压力的区域(例如在方底袋中的向内折迭的侧壁)具有不同的厚度(在方底袋的情况下，在边侧折迭区中为四层，在边侧折迭区之间为两层)。在该种情况下，在具有较多材料层的较厚区域相比较薄的区域通常需要更高的压力来密封包装。由于厚度差别通常只为1至2mm或以下，必须为辊选择压力弹簧，由于弹簧的弹性特性，即使弹簧偏移的些小改变也会产生适当的压力变化。通过选择具有合适弹簧特性(例如线性特性：预加载荷改变但距离相等；渐进特性：差异随预加载荷的提高而增加；渐减特性：差异随预加载荷的提高而减小；或者不连续特性)的弹簧可以影响所述弹簧的预加载荷和厚、薄材料区域间的接触压力差异之间的关系。为了允许更复杂的调节，也可以通过链动机构来控制不同的压力调节，所述链动机构与经过的包装用具相适应。
压辊除了可具有光滑表面以便在包装用具上于加工区产生光滑的表面之外，根据本发明的压辊也可改为具有异形的圆周表面，诸如一个或多个纵向、横向或斜向的皱褶。该些皱褶不仅影响包装用具的外观，还可以对密封所能达到的粘接强度产生有益的影响。在对置的压辊和反压辊上的皱褶还可以这样设置，以致于它们相互偏移，所以当皱褶的尖端足够大且包装用具为相应的薄壁材料的话，则在对置尖端的侧缘之间所产生的压力可以大大地高于在平滑压辊之间所能产生的压力。
根据本发明的闭合设备的另一有利实施例限定，至少在所述压力装置的区域中，所述包装用具被保持为它们在传送带之间的密封面的高度在所述加压装置和反压装置之间穿过，其中可设置一条或多条辊来支承所述传送带。皮带导向件不单确保了被加工的包装用具的正确定位(例如在时钟控制地推进的情况下)，而且还为包装用具和加压或反压装置提供空间隔离，藉此可在所述包装用具被充填细粉或产生灰尘的松散材料时使所述加压或反压装置免于受到污染。在压力装置实现为压辊的情况下，使用皮带导向件容许较高的生产速度。通过仅仅一对对置压辊，包装用具只可较慢地传输，因为要为密封面确保足够长的压接(加热)时间。如果多对压辊成排地设置，在没有皮带导向件的情况下，就很难足够稳定地保持接触压力，因为在各对压辊对之间不能施加压力。皮带导向件使得可成行地设置几乎无限数量的压辊对，而包装用具则在它们之间经过和被它们压接。在压辊对之间的压力差也可通过皮带的附加刚性而减小。所以压接过程的时间不再主要由该包装用具的推进速度来限定，而是由传送带的长度及设置在其上的(压)辊对的数目来限定。这使得加工速度从而生产量可显著地提高。
为了尽量减少热损耗，在另一实施例中，传送带可以包含可感应加热的金属元件，其中一个或多个感应线圈可设置在压力装置的附近，以便加热所述传送带。感应线圈可以放置在压板或反压板之内，从而使包装用具在被压接时同时被加热，但它们也可以设置在压力装置之前或之后。由于压力装置由一对或多对压辊对构成，所述感应线圈可设置在压辊对之前、之间或之后。在所有情况下，皆可精确地在密封过程所需的地方产生热能，即可直接在包装用具上产生。归因于感应线圈的简单、间歇性的循环，还可以只在实际保持包装用具的地方加热传送带，而不在它们之间的自由空间中加热。
在另一实施例中，一个与抽吸装置连接和适合于在所述包装用具内产生负压的抽吸配件可直接地设置在压力装置之前或整合在所述压力装置之内。具体地说，粉状的散装材料在被置于包装用具内时，易于困住气泡。通过使用振动器组件，通常可以在充填期间或之后将困住的空气去除，虽然不可能将包装用具完全地填满(即达到密封面的底缘)，而且在散装材料和密封区的底缘之间必须总是留有自由空间。该安全的空隙导致空气容易在包装用具的密封期间困在散装材料和密封区域之间，而且在堆放和处理包装用具时，所述的空气可能会导致包装用具破开。通过例如设置在密封装置之前的仍是开启的袋之上的抽吸配件，可在密封之前立即将过量的空气抽走，就可确保填充和密封的包装用具的紧密度，以便在基本上防止所述包装用具在堆迭、码垛、或处理期间破损。除了位于袋的封口上面的抽吸配件之外，还可以使用平头喷嘴，其插入开启的袋中以便抽出空气，并在密封过程之前从包装中撒出。所述的配件的抽吸能力不应太强，以免填充材料被吸出，但是，在许多情况下，它应当足以防止气泡的形成。
在本发明的另一实施例中，可在所述加压装置和/或所述反压装置上有利地设置压力和/或温度传感器。在设定和调节系统时，该些传感器有助于系统参数的系统性采集和优化，并可在正在进行的操作过程期间用于过程中的质量控制。
在另一实施例中，通过使闭合设备具有位于压力装置后面的冷却装置，可进一步缩短加工和生产时间，其中所述冷却设备可具有一块或多块冷却板、一个或多个冷却辊或带、和/或一个或多个冷却鼓风机。所述冷却装置可加速密封的固化，尤其是在加工温度高的情况下。
此外，所述闭合设备另外可具有冲头，以便在所述包装用具引入手柄开口。在该种情况下，手柄开口可以引入前述的密封区，最好在冷却之后。在该种情况下要使用稳定性提高的密封区，因为手柄开口相比未密封材料的情况能支持较大的承载负荷而不会撕裂。
具体地说，在本发明的一个实施例中，当冷却装置包括两块从两面压实密封区以进行冷却的冷却板时，所述冲头可以结合到所述冷却装置中。这可获得特别紧凑的结构，并可缩短加工生产线。
在另一有利的实施例中，所述冲头可具有一个或多个刃口，所述多个刃口的至少一个是不连续地对着所述包装用具的顶部。用所述刃口冲出的手柄开口在被握持时在不连续的位置向后折迭，以致于在由手握持的区域(握持区)出现双倍的材料厚度，从而提高了握持区的稳定度。这避免了在锋利的切割边缘处造成切口，由于握持承载把手的手柄开口的手指只在折迭位置上，握持的舒适度被改进的压力分布改善了，因为把手不会被锐利地压入手中。
在本发明的另一实施例中，闭合设备可以具有用于修整顶部容器边缘的装置，所述装置最好位于所述压力装置的前面；如果需要的话，所述装置可设有抽吸装置。所述包装用具的顶缘最好在所述包装用具被充填继而被折迭在一起之后以及在被传送到压力装置之前进行修整。在修整期间产生的尘埃和已被切掉的边缘通过抽吸装置排出。其优点在于，可能在充填期间出现在袋子外面的任何污物，而不仅仅是在切割期间所产生的物质，都可通过抽吸装置排出。此外，袋中的一些空气同样通过抽吸装置去除，所以在某些情况下，上述的用于产生负压的抽吸配件可以省略，因为其功能可通过修整装置的抽吸装置来完成。
在根据本发明的另一实施例中，可将热熔粘合剂施加到所述包装用具的密封面上。虽然本发明的装置可以使用多种不同的密封面，热熔粘合面可提供良好的加工特性，并允许高度的密封力。
附图说明
现在将利用示范实施例并参照附图来详细说明本发明。所述附图示出了：
图1为加工生产线的顶视图，其中使用了根据本发明的闭合设备；
图2为加工生产线的中心区域的正视图，所述加工生产线具有折迭装置、修整装置以及密封/压力装置；
图3为加工生产线的正向区，从袋子供给装置到密封装置的入口；
图4为从下面的角度观看的加工生产线的包含密封装置的区域的示意图；
图5为用于将充填的包装用具的开口折迭在一起的折迭装置的示意图；
图6为热密封/压力装置的正视图；
图7为沿着图6的穿过压力装置的压板的线VII-VII的截面视图，其中可见个别压力区的压板的弹簧垫架；
图7a为沿着图6的穿过压力装置的压板的另一实施例的线VII-VII的截面视图，其中所述压板由弹性材料制成并且具有异形表面；
图8为压力装置的侧视图；
图9为压力装置的压板的示意图，其中可见不同的加热区域；
图10为冷却装置的顶视图，所述冷却装置具有用于将手柄开口引入密封袋中的一体化冲头；
图11为包括冷却装置和冲头的设备的侧视图；
图12为压力装置的另一实施例的示意图，所述压力装置具有弹簧加置的压辊、两条传送带以及用于加热所述传送带的感应线圈；
图13为弹簧加置的压辊对的示意图，所述压辊具有皱褶的周面以便产生异形的密封面；
图14为压辊的可选择实施例的截面视图；
图15为压辊的沿着图14的线XV-XV的截面视图；
图16为弹簧加置的压辊对的示意图，所述压辊具有异形的圆周面以便产生纵向压槽；
图17为图16的压辊的侧视图；
图18为另一压辊的侧视图，该压辊设有蜂窝状的轮廓。
图19所示为具有弹簧加置压辊的压力装置和位于所述压辊之间的包装的细节的顶视图。
具体实施方式
图1所示为具有根据本发明的闭合设备1的加工生产线的顶视图，其中示意性地示出个体的加工站。图1可用来说明充填、闭合、堆垛包装用具2(尤其是方底袋)所必需的各个加工步骤，其中体现本发明的装置会在其它附图中更详细地示出。
包装用具2，在该种情况下为方底袋，通过袋子供给装置23传送到系统，其中所述袋子可用手放置在供给装置中，或者可成箱地供应并可在需要时转换成各个包装用具。方底袋是折迭和堆叠的，其通过搬移和展开装置26从袋子供给装置23取出、展开并放置在传送带21上。传送带21可以连续或循环的方式传送包装用具2，其中在连续和循环传送之间的过渡也可在各个加工站之间提供。开启的袋子然后传送到装填组件22，所述装填组件22以及搬移和展开装置26会在图3更详细地示出。
从图3中可明显看出，传送带21设置在装填组件22的具有支承板28的区域中，所述支承板支承包装用具2的侧面的较低部位。支承板28只在图3示意性地示出，其最好可与包装用具一起移动，正如本领域的技术人员很容易明白那样。所述支承板主要用来在装填过程中增加包装用具2的稳定性。装填组件22将适当数量的待充填材料的分配入每一包装用具2中，在该过程期间，袋内可能会形成气泡，尤其是在产生粉尘的细粉材料的情况下。为了防止所述气泡的形成和压接包装中的材料，可在装填组件22附近或者在其后通过振动支承板28、或者通过位于传送带21下的振动器装置(未显示)来摇动所述包装用具2。装填好的包装用具2然后通过传送带21传送到其它加工站。为了提高生产率，装填好的包装用具，如果需要的话，也可以通过转换开关29分布于多条加工生产线上，正如以虚线表示的可选择的加工生产线30所示那样。另外，即使在可选择的加工生产线存在的情况下，所有包装用具2可以通过相同的加工生产线，使得可选择的加工生产线30可以进行维修或转换。
设置在包装用具2的较上部份的在袋子内部的为密封面4，其可通过按压而密封在一起，如果适用的话，可以在热力的影响下进行。密封面4可以包括一层涂覆在包装材料上的热熔粘合剂。另外，包装材料本身可以通过热力和压力的作用而密封。密封面4可以设置在包装上的较上部位—即密封或闭合部位，或者其也可以延伸在包装的整个表面上，如果从生产角度来看是有利的话。密封面4最好在闭合部位设置在包装用具2的里面，并且可在包装用具2的外面设置于侧壁32的区域中。虽然在侧壁32上无需额外的外密封面来密封包装开口，但为了美学原因或为了成品包装的稳定性的原因，其可能仍然是可取的。
正如图1再次明显地示出，为了紧固地密封包装用具2，所述包装用具随后会到达折迭装置25、设有抽吸装置的修整装置11、密封/压力装置10、以及设有冲头9的冷却装置8。该部分的加工生产线包含了根据本发明的必要改进，其只在图1概括地示出，因为下文将联同其它附图更深入地叙述详细的实施例。一旦包装用具2通过了该部份的加工生产线，它们会被密封和设置冲出的手柄开口37，并最终通过传送带21传送到堆垛装置24，在其处它们会通过已知技术而堆迭在货盘上。在堆垛前，密封的包装用具的上边缘可再一次加工，例如通过修整刀片31进行另一次修整，正如图2所示。
密封包装用具2所使用的装置在图2中以正视图示出，并在图4中以从下面的角度观看的图解方式再次地示出。已装填的包装用具首先到达折迭装置25。该装置可确保所有以正确取向到达随后的导板27的包装用具2的闭合部位可正确地折迭。正如图5更详细地示出，该折迭装置25主要包括四个袋子扩展器33和两个侧板34。折迭装置25与袋子扩展器33和侧板34从上下降到装填的包装用具2之上，以致于所述四个袋子扩展器33位于所述包装用具2的内部，而侧板34则位于所述包装用具2的外部与所述侧壁32邻接。袋子扩展器33然后稍稍向外移动，以使包装用具2的角部固定到位，而侧板34则将侧壁32向内压入袋中，以致于在所述包装用具的较上部位的在侧壁中心的皱褶延伸入袋子的内部。此后，折迭装置25再次向上拉出所述包装用具2。包装用具2然后通过传送带21向前移动，其中现在为正确折迭而定向的所述闭合部位，会抵达两块导板27之间，在其间带有向内折迭的侧壁32的所述闭合部位会聚合在一起。在该过程中，在包装用具2的内部的密封面4，以及如果适用的话，设置在包装用具2的外部的侧壁32上面的密封面，也会相互聚合在一起。
从图2中可明显地看出，用于修整包装用具2的顶部边缘的装置11直接设置在导板27后。切下的材料条由抽吸装置20抽出。抽吸装置20还用来将在装填过程中粘在包装上的材料渣滓抽走。此外，积聚在包装用具2内部的密封面4上的材料残渣和污垢也可以通过抽吸装置20去除，从而提高密封的可靠性。由于抽吸装置20的吸嘴直接施加于已经闭合但尚未密封的包装用具2的开口，所以可以在所述包装用具2密封之前，通过包装用具2的开口间隙将多余空气抽出来。在密封后，留在包装内的空气可能会产生这样的后果，以致于该些“充气”的包装用具2在堆迭时爆破。所以抽吸装置20可提供更紧凑的容器，其中抽吸力可以调节，以致于吸嘴只会抽出残留在包装用具2内的空气，而不是填充材料。
实际的密封过程通过加压装置5和反压装置6进行，所述加压装置和反压装置压接包装用具的密封部位，最好在加热的情况下，其中，加压装置5和反压装置6的设计代表本发明的关键特征。在优选的实施例中，加压装置5和反压装置6被设计成为压力装置10，在下文中会参照图2、图4和图6至图9对其进行详述。
正如图4和8特别明显地示出，压力装置10—正如在现有技术的已知密封装置的情况下也如是—包括钳状装置，其具有压板13和反压板14，待密封的区域会在两者之间被压接。用于加热密封面4的加热元件可设置在所述的压板13，14之内(或在位于它们之后的钳爪之内)。相对于传统的密封装置，其中的压板和反压板会设计成为大体扁平的、一致的加热板，在所示的根据本发明的密封装置中，压板13和反压板14皆具有三个压力区7、7′、7″，其操作方法则会参照图6和7来作说明。
图6所示为根据本发明的压力装置10，其中包装用具2可夹持在压力装置10的钳爪之间以进行密封。正如上文清楚的叙述，每一包装用具2的密封区具有由向内折迭的侧板32造成的至少三个不同厚度的部位：在侧边之处，侧板32在包装用具2的两侧之间向内折，所以包装用具2有四层，而在包装用具2的密封区的中心则只有两层。这是清晰可见的，例如在图7的截面图所示的在压板13和反压板14之间钳置的包装用具2的密封区域那样。根据本发明的压力装置10通过三个压力区7、7′、7″来考虑这个事实，而所述压力区的压力或温度可以彼此独立地调节。
在常规的压力装置中，包装用具是在两块平板中压接，不可能去选择接触压力和温度来为每一待密封的密封面4产生最佳的接触压力，因为较厚的边缘区(7，7″)总是比中心区(7′)得到较多的压接。此外，较薄的材料层与较厚的层相比加热得更迅速。所以至今总是要为可调参数(压力、温度、压接时间)找到妥协方案，其中在非最佳化的设置的情况下，通常会增加压接时间，延长了生产时间。
在图7所示的压力装置中，所有压力区7、7’、7”中的接触压力可通过独立的调节弹簧35为待加工的包装用具2作个别的调节，以致于可为每一区找出和设定正确的参数。在优选的实施例中，各个压力区7、7’、7”的主要压力和温度条件可以通过合适的传感器在包装用具上直接地测量，所以基于实际存在的条件的系统性程序方法，可使用记录的测量值以经验确定最佳的设定。使用通过独立的传感器测量的参数，而不是用从设定值衍生的参数，就可以将直接获得的结果与用类似机器测量和记录的测量值和设定作比较。
在各个压力区7、7’、7”中测量的值，使到首次可将加工参数与可适用的材料特性形成直接的关系。其中的材料特性，具体而言为纸张厚度、在可适用的区域的纸层数、所用密封材料的特征(例如，热熔粘合剂的具体品牌)以及在区域中待密封的密封面4的数目。视乎是否要额外地在侧板32(与袋开口)上设置密封面，两对或三对的待密封表面可存在于两侧的压力区7，7”上，例如，即使在两种情况下是压接相同层数的纸时。所有该些参数，例如都可以由包装用具或密封装置1的制造商集中收集和记录，并可以制备好的形式供使用根据本发明的装置的客户取得。
该种性质的系统性程序使到可使用已经非常接近最佳设置的设定，甚至在新设置的机器上作首次运行测试之前(或为新包装用具而更换机器之后)。这不仅可缩短生产时间，也可减少系统调整过程中产生的废品数量。此外，可以为每一压力区7、7’、7”优化的压力和温度参数使到有可能缩减第三参数，即压接时间。因此，就可以减少周期时间，从而提高生产量。
图7所示的具有三个部分的、分别地弹簧加置的压板和反压板13，14的实施例，使到各个压力区7、7’、7”可以非常精确的进行调整，虽然在某些情况下，可以有利地在柔性的压板或反压板中实现不同的压力区，例如正如图7a所示。在该种设计中的接触压力是取决于各个区域中的弹性板材的不同材料厚度。与不同的材料厚度相结合，还可为每一压力区7、7’、7”产生取决于整体接触压力的特定接触压力。通过该设计，可以只简单地通过更换压板13和反压板14来实现为不同的包装用具作出系统改动。因此，虽然该实施例用于调整的机会较少于图7中的多部件式实施例，但其提供了各种较广泛的形式，以致于所述装置也可适应于，例如不同尺寸的压力区7、7’、7”，例如由不同厚度的包装用具2的不同宽度的侧板32所造成的不同尺寸。在此实施例中的各个压力区7、7’、7”的过渡段也可以设置渐变的过渡段，以避免隆起部被压入材料中，所述隆起部可能导致材料断裂。
虽然本文所述的根据本发明的闭合设备1的压头具有三个压力区7、7’、7”，本发明也可用于具有多过3个不同压力区的包装用具2。例如，如果包装用具2具有接缝，就可能需要额外的压力区，以致于例如具有四层的短小节段会出现在两层式材料区。此外，用于手提把手的材料加强件可设置在包装用具的密封区，其同样会导致有限区域中的材料厚度较大。图7a所示的实施例，尤其是具有灵活地设计的压板的实施例，特别适用于该种类的要求较高的形状。
图8用侧视图示出压力装置10与位于其下的示意性地表示的包装用具2。在包装用具2上面示出的为与抽吸装置连接的抽吸配件12，通过它就可在密封前直接将空气抽出包装用具。抽吸配件12可以在图2所示的抽吸装置20以外额外地设置或替换地设置。
图9所示为压力装置的压板13和反压板14的示意图，其中合适的加热元件36、36′、36″可设置在每一个别的压力区7、7’、7”中，通过所述加热元件，各个区中的温度可彼此独立地设置。所述加热元件36、36′、36″可直接设置在压板13或反压板14中，或者在位于它们之后的压力装置10的钳爪中。
在本发明的另一实施例中，用于密封包装用具2的加压装置5和反压装置6设计成为彼此弹性地张紧地抵靠并可以加热的压辊17，所述压辊具有光滑或异形的圆周面，并通过弹性压力弹簧43而彼此预加载荷。为了密封，包装用具2的密封区会在彼此预加载荷的压辊17之间通过。图19示意性地示出该种压辊17的操作方法。图19所示为两个压辊对17，17′的顶视图，包装用具2则在其间通过。由于折迭的侧板32而作用于包装用具的较宽部位的所述压辊17会进一步分开，因为其处的材料厚度比作用于较窄部位的所述压辊17′的较大。因此，确定接触压力(F1，F2)的弹簧偏移(Z1，Z2)，也会表现出随所述压辊17，17′的位置而变化的差值(Δz)，其与位于所述压辊之间的材料厚度相一致。
由于材料层具有不同的厚度，因此导致了不同的压力区，其中较厚的材料层会产生较高的弹簧力。由于该厚度差异通常只有1至2mm或以下，所以必须为压辊17，17′选择这样的压力弹簧43，43′：由于它们的弹簧特性，即使对于所述弹簧偏移中的微小变动Δz，也可产生适当的压力变化。通过选择具有合适弹簧特性(例如线性特性：预加载荷改变但距离相等；渐进特性：差异随预加载荷的提高而增加；渐减特性：差异随预加载荷的提高而减小；或者不连续特性)的弹簧，可以影响在压力弹簧43，43′的预加载荷和在厚薄材料区域间的接触压力差异之间的关系。
为了允许更复杂的调节，也可以通过链动机构来控制不同的压力调节，所述链动机构与经过的包装用具2相适应。通过包装用具2的速度或压辊17，17′的转速，就可调节挤压时间。
作为具有异形表面的压辊的范例，图13示意性地示出具有皱褶的圆周面以便在密封区产生异形包装面的压辊对17a。如图14所示，为了防止在加工表面的底缘形成过分锋利的可戳破包装的过渡段，压辊17a’的底部区域可成圆锥形地逐步变细。图15则为沿着图14的线XV-XV的截面视图，其中可见在顶和底压辊区域中具有不同的皱褶深度。
图16所示为额外的一对压辊17b，所述压辊具有异形的周面以便产生纵向压槽。所述压辊也可以设计成为具有锥形的底部区域，以避免折迭线，正于图17中的压辊17b′所示。
图18所示的具有蜂窝状表面设计的压辊17c，为异形圆周面的另一范例。
图12所示为本发明的另一有利的实施例。在该设计中的压力装置10的附近，所述包装用具2在它们的密封面4的高度上保持在传送带18之间，且所述传送带在所述加压装置5和反压装置6之间穿过。所述加压装置5和反压装置6实现成为多对的压辊17，其位于所述传送带之后，并通过压力弹簧43相互预加载荷地抵靠。其操作模式类似于连同图19所述的那样，而每对的压辊的接触压力则因为所述传送带18而可分布在比直接作用于包装材料的压辊的情况下为宽的范围上。
为了加热在传送带18之间通过压辊17相互挤压的密封面4，可在压辊对之前、之后或之间设置感应线圈19，同时所述传送带18可包含感应加热的金属元素。由于可以用感应线圈19于明确限定的区域中加热所述传送带18，就有可能以准确的靶向方式加热经过的包装用具2。由于可间歇性开关，感应线圈19可以在两个包装用具2之间的自由空间中关断，以致于传送带18仅在也用于将包装用具保持在中间的部位中进行加热。
一旦包装用具2的开口被压力装置10密封，所述包装用具通过传送带21传送到冷却装置8，其设有用于引入手柄开口37的冲头9。图10所示为示范性冷却装置8的顶视图，而图11所示则为侧视图。包装用具2的已密封部位被送入导槽40以便进行冲孔，其中冲头9的刀片从侧面在密封部位中冲出手柄开口37。所述冲头位于冲头支架41上，其通过优选为液压、气动或电磁驱动器而可以在垂直于导槽40的两个导杆38上移动，为了清楚起见，图中并未示出所述驱动器。在冲孔后，冲头支架41通过两个复位弹簧42返回其初始位置。为了在挤压和加热后冷却密封面4以便有助于固化，用于包装用具的密封部位的冷却器可设置在导槽40附近。为此，可设置冷却板15，其可在密封部位从外面放置或压在包装用具上，藉此就可从包装的密封部位去热，例如通过散热片39。
冲头9的刃口16最好可不连续地对着所述包装用具2的顶部，正如图2所示的手柄开口37所示。为了在为此产生的手柄开口37之处握持包装用具2，该冲孔部位可在不连续的位置向后折迭，以致于在供手握持的部位(握持部位)出现双倍的材料厚度，其可提高握持部位的稳定度。由于握持的手的手指只会在折迭位置上握持所述手柄开口37，所以可避免在锋利的割边上造成的切口，而且携带的舒适度可通过压力分布的改善而提高，因为把手不会锋利地压入手中。
在未示出的另一变型实施例中，粘合剂的激活可通过超声波发生器或微波发生器来实现。为此，闭合设备因而可放置在辐射屏蔽容器中，以免危及操作人员。然后可通过压辊或压板来完成压接。

Claims (17)

1.一种通过压接来闭合最好为袋式的包装用具(2)的闭合设备，所述包装用具包括沿着待闭合的包装开口具有不同厚度的部位，例如方底袋，尤其是由有涂层或无涂层的纸、纸板、塑料、薄膜和/或编织材料制成的包装用具，所述包装用具(2)具有至少一个合适的密封面(4)，所述密封面结合入或施加到所述材料，以便永久结合邻接或相对的表面以及压在所述材料上，其中所述闭合设备(1)具有压力装置(10)，所述压力装置具有至少一个加压装置(5)和至少一个反压装置(6)，在所述的加压和反压装置之间，可优选地通过施加热能，在所述包装用具(2)的密封面(4)的区域中压接所述包装用具(2)，其特征在于：所述加压装置(5)和所述反压装置(6)包括沿着待闭合的包装开口具有不同压力和/或不同温度的区域。
2.根据权利要求1所述的闭合设备，其特征在于：所述加压装置(5)设计成为可移动的压板(13)，而反压装置(6)则设计成为可移动的或固定的反压板(14)，其中所述压板(13)和/或反压板(14)具有多个且优选为三个具有不同的、可调节的接触压力和/或热源的区域(7，7′，7″)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的闭合设备，其特征在于：所述压板(13)或反压板(14)由相对于彼此用弹簧加置的多块板组成。
4.根据权利要求2所述的闭合设备，其特征在于：所述压板(13)或反压板(14)设计成为具有不同压力区的柔性板。
5.根据权利要求1所述的闭合设备，其特征在于：所述加压装置(5)和所述反压装置(6)设计成为彼此弹性地张紧地抵靠并可以加热的压辊(17)，所述压辊具有光滑或异形的圆周面。
6.根据权利要求5所述的闭合设备，其特征在于：所述压辊(17)具有异形的圆周面，诸如一个或多个纵向、横向或斜向的皱褶。
7.根据前述权利要求的其中一项所述的闭合设备，其特征在于：至少在所述压力装置(10)的区域中，所述包装用具(2)被保持为它们的密封面(4)的高度在传送带(18)之间，所述传密封面在所述加压装置(5)和反压装置(6)之间穿过，其中可设置一条或多条辊来支承所述传送带。
8.根据权利要求7所述的闭合设备，其特征在于：所述传送带(18)含有可感应加热的金属元件，以及其中一个或多个感应线圈(19)设置在所述压力装置(10)的区域中，以便加热所述传送带(18)。
9.根据前述权利要求的其中一项所述的闭合设备，其特征在于：与抽吸装置连接且适合在所述包装用具(2)内产生负压的抽吸配件(12)直接地设置在压力装置(10)之前或整合在所述压力装置之内。
10.根据前述权利要求的其中一项所述的闭合设备，其特征在于：在所述加压装置(5)和/或所述反压装置(6)上设置压力和/或温度传感器。
11.根据前述权利要求的其中一项所述的闭合设备，其特征在于：所述闭合设备(1)另外具有位于压力装置(10)后面的冷却装置(8)，其中如果适用的话，所述冷却装置可具有一块或多块冷却板(15)、一个或多个冷却辊或带、和/或一个或多个冷却鼓风机。
12.根据前述权利要求的其中一项所述的闭合设备，其特征在于：所述闭合设备(1)另外具有冲头(9)，以便在所述包装用具(2)引入手柄开口(37)。
13.根据权利要求11和12所述的闭合设备，其特征在于：所述冲头(9)(9)被结合到所述冷却装置(8)中。
14.根据权利要求12或13所述的闭合设备，其特征在于：所述冲头(9)具有一个或多个刃口(16)，所述多个刃口的至少一个是不连续地对着所述包装用具(2)的顶部。
15.根据前述权利要求的其中一项所述的闭合设备，其特征在于：所述闭合设备(1)具有用于修整顶容器边缘的修整装置(11)，所述装置(11)最好位于所述压力装置(10)的前面，如果需要的话，所述装置(11)可设有抽吸装置(20)。
16.根据前述权利要求的其中一项所述的闭合设备，其特征在于：所述包装用具(2)的密封面(4)上设有热熔粘合剂。
17.根据权利要求1所述的闭合设备，其特征在于：超声波发生器或微波发生器与所述压力装置相关联，以便激活粘合力。
CN2009801454206A 2008-09-18 2009-09-16 用于闭合最好为袋式的包装用具的闭合设备 Pending CN102239043A (zh)

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