CN102206277A - 结合人白介素-18的抗体及制备和使用方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及结合人白介素-18的抗体及制备和使用方法。本发明提供了结合人白介素-18(hIL-18)的抗体、尤其是结合人IL-18表位的抗体。所述抗体可以是例如完整的人抗体、重组抗体或单克隆抗体。优选抗体对hIL-18具有高亲和力并且在体外和体内均中和hIL-18活性。本发明的抗体可以全长抗体或其抗原结合部分。本发明也提供本发明抗体的制备方法和应用方法。本发明的抗体或抗体部分可用来检测hIL-18和可用来抑制hIL-18活性,例如抑制罹患其中hIL-18活性是有害的疾病的病人体内的hIL-18活性。
Description
本申请是申请号为“01807735.8”,发明名称为“结合人白介素-18的抗体及制备和使用方法”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
相关申请
本申请要求于2000年2月10日申请的、题目是“结合人白介素-18的抗体及制备和使用方法”的美国临时专利申请顺序号60/181,608的非临时专利申请的优先权,该专利申请的内容通过引用结合到本文中。另外,整个本申请引用的包括参考文献、授予的专利和公布的专利申请的所有引用参考文献的内容均通过引用结合到本文中。
发明背景
白介素-18(IL-18)最早于1989年被描述为干扰素-γ诱导因子(IGIF),它是除了能够诱导干扰素γ外还具有各种功能的促炎细胞因子。这些生物学特性包括激活NF-κb、Fas配体表达、诱导CC趋化因子和CXC趋化因子以及增加产生感受态人免疫缺陷病毒。
由于IL-18能够诱导T细胞和巨噬细胞内产生干扰素γ,因此它在Th1型免疫应答中起重要作用且参与先天性免疫和获得性免疫。IL-18在结构和功能上与IL-1家族有关。有关IL-18结构、功能和生物活性的综述,参见例如Dinarello,C.等(1998)J.Leukoc.Biol.63:658-654;Dinarello,C.A.(1999)Methods 19:121-132和Dinarello,C.A.(1999)J.Allergy Clin.Immunol.103:11-24。
特别需要调节各种各样的人免疫应答中的IL-18。具体来说,与IL-18结合并中和IL-18的抗体是特别理想的。此外,由于存在小鼠抗体给予人体的相关问题,例如血清半寿期短、不能触发某些人类效应子功能并且在人体内诱发针对小鼠抗体不需要的免疫应答(“人抗小鼠抗体”(HAMA)反应),因此小鼠IL-18抗体的体内应用受到限制。
一般而言,尝试克服与将完全小鼠抗体用于人类相关的问题,已经涉及对所述抗体进行基因工程改造以使其更“人样化(human-like)”。例如,已经制备出这样的嵌合抗体:其中所述抗体链的可变区来源于小鼠,而所述抗体链的恒定区来源于人(Junghans等(1990)Cancer Res.50:1495-1502;Brown等(1991)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.88:2663-2667;Kettleborough等(1991)Protein Engineering.4:773-783)。然而,因为这些嵌合人源化抗体仍保留某些小鼠序列,所以它们仍可能诱发不需要的免疫反应、人抗嵌合抗体(HAMA)反应,当长期给予时情况尤其如此。
针对小鼠抗体或其衍生物(例如嵌合抗体或人源化抗体)的优选IL-18抑制剂将完全是人抗IL-18抗体,由于这样的药物不会诱发HAMA反应,因此即使长期应用也不会诱发HAMA反应。然而,这样的抗体本领域尚未见介绍,因此仍然需要这样的抗体。
发明概述
本发明涉及结合人IL-18的诸如抗体的化合物以及制备和应用这类化合物或抗体的方法。
一方面,本发明涉及能够结合人IL-18氨基酸序列或其部分的化合物,其中所述氨基酸包含SEQ ID NO:70或SEQ ID NO:71提供的人IL-18的N末端部分或C末端部分。在一个实施方案中,所述化合物是一种小分子、肽、多肽、抗体或抗体片段,例如完全人抗体或片段。
另一方面,本发明涉及能够与人IL-18结合的人单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分。在其它实施方案,根据表面等离子体共振(surfaceplasmon resonance)测定,所述抗体或其片段与人IL-18解离的koff速率常数为0.1s-1或以下、1x 10E-2 s-1或以下、1x 10E-3s-1或以下、1x 10E-4s-1或以下、1x 10E-5s-1或以下、1x 10E-6s-1或以下;或者抑制人IL-18活性的IC50为1x 10E-6或以下、1x 10E-7或以下、1x 10E-8或以下、1x 10E-9或以下、1x 10E-10或以下、或1x 10E-11或以下。
另一方面,本发明涉及这样的分离抗体或其抗原结合部分:它结合包含氨基酸PLFEDMTDSDCRDNA(SEQ ID NO:1)、VIRNLNDQVLFIDQ(SEQ ID NO:33)或二者任何一个的一部分的人IL-18表位。所述抗体最好是中和抗体。所述抗体最好是人抗体。在各种实施方案中,所述抗体是重组抗体(例如单链抗体(scFv))或单克隆抗体。
在其它实施方案中,所述分离抗体或其抗原结合部分与人IL-18表位或二者任何一个的一部分结合,其中根据表面等离子体共振测定,所述抗体或其抗原结合部分与人IL-18解离的koff速率常数为0.1s-1或以下;或者其抑制人IL-18活性的IC50为1x 10-6M或以下。或者,根据表面等离子体共振测定,所述抗体或其抗原结合部分与人IL-18解离的koff速率常数为1x 10-2s-1或以下;或者抑制人IL-18活性的IC50为1x 10-7M或以下。或者,根据表面等离子体共振测定,所述抗体或其抗原结合部分可以与人IL-18解离,其koff速率常数为1x 10-3s-1或以下;或者可以抑制人IL-18活性,其IC50为1x 10-8M或以下。或者,根据表面等离子体共振测定,所述抗体或其抗原结合部分与人IL-18解离的koff速率常数为1x 10-4s-1或以下;或者抑制人IL-18活性的IC50为1x 10-9M或以下。或者,根据表面等离子体共振测定,所述抗体或其抗原结合部分与人IL-18解离的koff速率常数为1x 10-5s-1或以下;或者抑制人IL-18活性的IC50为1x 10-10M或以下。或者,根据表面等离子体共振测定,所述抗体或其抗原结合部分与人IL-18解离的koff速率常数为1x 10-6s-1或以下;或者抑制人IL-18活性的IC50为1x10-11M或以下。
本发明的另一方面涉及含有能够结合IL-18表位的至少一个可变区CDR结构域的分离的人抗体或其抗原结合部分。在相关实施方案中,所述分离抗体或其抗原结合部分的可变区含有如表6或表9所示的重链和/或轻链CDR1结构域、CDR2结构域或CDR3结构域,所述结构域可以在表7-8和表10-11中所示的任一Kabat位置上或邻近所述位置具有例如一个或多个氨基酸取代或插入。在一个优选实施方案中,所述分离抗体或其抗原结合部分含有一个含氨基酸序列SEQ IDNO:29的轻链可变区(LCVR)和一个含氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:26的重链可变区(HCVR)。在另一个优选实施方案中,所述分离抗体或其抗原结合部分含有一个具有氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:29的轻链可变区(LCVR)和一个具有氨基酸序列SEQ ID NO:27的重链可变区(HCVR)。
本发明的另一方面涉及包含本发明的抗体或其抗原结合部分和药学上可接受的载体的药用组合物。在一个实施方案中,所述药用组合物还包含至少一种另外的治疗其中IL-18活性是有害的疾病的治疗药物。
本发明的另一方面涉及制备结合人白介素-18(IL-18)的抗体的方法。本发明提供的方法包括将抗体库(antibody repertoire)暴露于包含含氨基酸PLFEDMTDSDCRDNA(SEQ ID NO:1)、VIRNLNDQVLFIDQ(SEQ ID NO:33)或二者任何一个的一部分的人IL-18表位的抗原;并且从所述抗体库选择结合包含氨基酸PLFEDMTDSDCRDNA(SEQ IDNO:1)、VIRNLNDQVLFIDQ(SEQ ID NO:33)或者二者任何一个的一部分的人IL-18表位的抗体。
在一个实施方案中,所述抗体库是动物体内的体内抗体库,所述方法包括用包含以下组分的抗原免疫所述动物:包含氨基酸PLFEDMTDSDCRDNA(SEQ ID NO:1)、VIRNLNDQVLFIDQ(SEQID NO:33)的人IL-18表位、人IL-18的N末端部分或C末端部分(SEQID NO:70-71)或这些表位中任一表位的一部分。在另一个实施方案中,所述抗体库是重组抗体文库,所述方法包括用含有以下组分的抗原筛选所述文库:具有氨基酸PLFEDMTDSDCRDNA(SEQ ID NO:1)、VIRNLNDQVLFIDQ(SEQ ID NO:33)的人IL-18表位、SEQ ID NO:31-32和SEQ ID NO:34-60表示的肽或任一前述组分的一部分。所述文库最好是人抗体文库。
另一方面,本发明提供编码任一上述方面的抗体(例如重链和/或轻链可变区)或其部分的分离核酸。在相关实施方案中,所述编码抗IL-18抗体或其部分的分离核酸位于重组表达载体中,例如在宿主细胞中表达。
因此,另一方面,本发明涉及采用已经导入所述重组表达载体中的前述宿主细胞合成结合人IL-18的抗体的方法,所述方法包括在培养基中培养所述宿主细胞直到所述细胞合成结合人IL-18的抗体。
本发明的另一方面涉及抑制人IL-18活性的方法,所述方法包括将人IL-18与本发明的抗体或其抗原结合部分接触,使得人IL-18活性被抑制。
本发明的再一方面涉及抑制罹患其中人IL-18活性是有害的疾病的病人体内的人IL-18活性的方法,所述方法包括给予所述病人本发明的抗体或其抗原结合部分,使得所述病人体内的人IL-18活性被抑制。在一个实施方案中,可以例如在给予另外的药物之前、同时或之后,给予所述抗IL-18抗体,所述另外的药物例如抗IL-12抗体或其抗原结合片段、氨甲蝶呤、抗TNF抗体或其抗原结合片段、皮质类固醇、环孢菌素、雷帕霉素、FK506或非甾体消炎药。
附图简述
图1显示与IL-1β(左)和IL1RA(右)相比的IL-18(中间)的结构模型。
图2显示与IL-18受体复合的IL-18的结构模型,其中IL-18的包含氨基酸PLFEDMTDSDCRDNA(SEQ ID NO:1)的肽表位以深灰色表示。该肽表位被抗IL-18抗体2E1结合。
图3显示与IL-18受体复合的IL-18的结构模型,其中IL-18的包含氨基酸VIRNLNDQVLFIDQ(SEQ ID NO:33)的肽表位以深灰色表示。该肽表位被抗IL-18抗体LT28结合。
图4显示与IL-18受体复合的全长IL-18的结构模型。球形浅灰色和深灰色表位代表IL-18的N末端和C末端接触表位(分别为SEQID NO:70和71)。
图5显示三种不同的抗IL-18抗体中和IL-18的生物效应的效价与抑制KG1细胞内IFN-γ诱导作用的关系。抗体125H(方框)和2E1IgG抗体(圆形)或2E1单链抗体(三角形)的IC50值分别为2.1E-10、9.0E-10和3.3E-9。
发明详述
本发明涉及选择能够对IL-18介导的信号转导产生中和作用的抗体的肽表位、制备抗这些表位的抗体以及这些抗体的应用,包括用来治疗涉及IL-18的疾病。选择表位的策略必须构建IL-18蛋白及其相应的受体的同源性模型。然后组合应用目测和计算估计选择用于合成和抗体产生的代表性肽区段。本文所示的氨基酸序列运用标准单字母缩写代码。
IL-18表位的选择
运用程序Modeler(Sali,A.等,通过MODELLER评价比较性蛋白质建模(Evaluation of comparative protein modeling by MODELLER)。Proteins:Struct.,Funct.,Genet.(1995),23(3),第318-26页。CODEN:PSFGEY;ISSN:0887-3585)产生用于IL-18和IL-18受体两者的同源性模型。IL-1β(Priestle,J.等,人白介素-1β的三维结构精确到2.0.ANG.分辨率(The three-dimensional structure of human interleukin-1.beta.refined to 2.0.ANG.resolution)。Prog.Clin.Biol.Res.(1990),349(Cytokines Lipocortins Inflammation Differ.),第297-307页)和IL-1RA(Schreuder,H.等,白介素-1受体拮抗剂的精细晶体结构:二硫键和顺式脯氨酸的存在(Refined crystal structure of the interleukin-1 receptorantagonist:presence of a disulfide link and a cis-proline)。Eur.J.Biochem.(1995),227(3),第838-47页)的X射线晶体结构是可得到的并且用作IL-18模型构建的参考坐标。应用IL-1受体结构(Viger,G.等,与白介素-1β复合的I型白介素-1受体的晶体结构(Crystal structure of the type-1interleukin-1-receptor complexed with interleukin-1.beta)。Nature(London)(1997),386(6621),第190-194页)对IL-18受体建模。
下文进一步描述IL-18和IL-18受体的结构模型建立。
IL-18模型建立
与所述两种蛋白质(即IL-1β和IL-18)的总体序列同源性低,然而,令人信服的证据是IL-18是IL-1家族成员(参见Dinarello,C.A.IL-18:一种TH1诱导型促炎细胞因子及IL-1家族新成员(IL-18:aTH1-inducing,proinflammatory cytokine and new member of the IL-1family)。J.Allergy Clin.Immunol.(1999),103(1,Pt.1),第11-24页),并且总体蛋白质折叠非常相似。和IL-1β一样,IL-18最初以前体形式分泌出来。前体IL-1β(pro-IL-1β)和前体IL-18(pro-IL-18)两者均被IL-1β转化酶(ICE)激活(Fantuzzi,G.和Dinarello,C.A.白介素-18和白介素-1β:ICE(caspase-1)的两种细胞因子底物(Interleukin-18 andInterleukin-1β:two cytokine substrates for ICE(caspase-1))。J.Clin.Immunol.(1999),19(1),第1-11页)。还知道IL-1受体和IL-18受体相似(Dinarello,C.A.等,白介素-18的综述:不止是一种干扰素γ诱导因子(Overview of interleukin-18:more than an interferon-γ inducingfactor)。J.Leukocyte Biol.(1998),63(6),658-664)。IL-1β能够与IL-18受体结合。虽然这两种蛋白质间的总体序列同源性和IL-18的序列同源性相同,但是作为最终论证,IL-1β和IL-1RA显示出相同的折叠。对这三种蛋白质(即IL-18、IL-1β和IL1-RA)间的序列比对运用程序InsightII人工进行。该序列比对可以参见表1:
表1:IL-18与IL-1β和IL-1RA的序列比对
这些序列之间的序列同源性在表2中列出。向上三角形为严格序列同一性百分率,向下三角形为保守序列同源性百分率。仅表1中报道的完整序列中的部分序列在表2中考虑。如上所述,所述家族间的总体同源性低但稳定。
表2:IL-1家族成员间的序列同源性
分子 | IL-18 | IL-1β | IL-1RA | IL-1Rec | IL-18Rec |
IL-18 | - | 20.0 | 21.8 | - | - |
IL-1b | 53.5 | - | 27.5 | - | - |
IL-1RA | 50.6 | 54.4 | - | - | - |
IL-1Rec | - | - | - | - | 26.1 |
IL-18Rec | - | - | - | 50.5 | - |
所得IL-18结构连同IL-1β和IL-1RA一起图示于图1中。程序What_Check(Hooft,R.W.等,蛋白质结构中的错误(Errors in ProteinStructures)。Nature(1996)381,第272页)评价的总体质量是合理的,但是稍微有点低(参见下表3)。
表3:What_Check的结构Z-分值(正值优于平均值)
然而,What_Check对所述参比结构的评价也是低的,提示该蛋白质折叠在参比结构数据库中代表性差。毫无疑问,虽然我们相信总体蛋白质折叠,但是序列同源低导致最终结构不够完善。然而,对于选择用于抗体产生的表位而言,认为该结构是足够的。
IL-18受体的模型建立
IL-18受体的结构也运用程序Modeler制备。参考坐标得自IL-1受体。正如在与这些受体相关的细胞因子的情况下,所述总体序列同一性低,但足以产生序列比对。该序列同源性数字包括在上表2中。所述序列比对运用程序InsightII人工产生并且示于表4中。
表4:IL-18受体与IL-1受体的序列比对
运用Modeler程序测定的IL-18受体结构的总体质量是合理的,但是按照What_Check再次计分略低(参见上表3)。对总体折叠的置信主要得自IL-1β与IL-1和IL-18受体两者结合的事实。所述序列同源性低肯定影响最终结构的质量,然而,与在上述相关细胞因子的情况一样,认为所述当前结构是足够的。作为另外的操作,对被LT28结合的IL-18肽表位(SEQ ID NO:33)当与IL-18受体复合时进行建模(图3)。作为最后的操作,根据IL-1β/IL-1受体结构获得IL-18/IL-18受体复合物的模型(图4)。该结构通过重叠所述细胞因子结构和所述受体结构获得。没有尝试使所述终结构的能量最低化。
肽表位的选择
制备结构模型的主要目的是为了能够主要基于目测计分选择合适的肽。考虑了所述蛋白及所述蛋白的部分(均为亲水性并且埋藏在所述受体/细胞因子复合物内)的溶剂暴露区段。所考虑的最终因素基于选择性标准。选定的肽表位与该家族的其它成员的相似部分的序列应该是不同的。根据该标准,从IL-18选择肽。另外,还制备了全长人IL-18(SEQ ID NO:61)的一组广泛性重叠的代表性肽(SEQ ID NO:31-60),所有这些IL-18相关肽的序列示于下表5中。
表5.选定的IL-18代表性肽
SEQ ID NO:2表示的IL-18肽的N末端半胱氨酸不是天然IL-18序列的一部分,但作为一个缀合位点将其加入。因此,在天然IL-18氨基酸序列中,对应于选定表位的区域包含具有氨基酸序列PLFEDMTDSDCRDNA(SEQ ID NO:1)的氨基酸残基。
与IL-18受体络合的IL-18肽(SEQ ID NO:1)的示意性模型示于图2,其中该肽表位以深灰色表示。
随后对IL-18肽序列进行抗原性计算,结果为该肽的计分特别高。合成所述肽,并将其用作在兔宿主体内产生抗体的表位。如图2和图3所示,与关连受体(即IL-18受体)相比,采用IL-18肽PLFEDMTDSDCRDNA(SEQ ID NO:1)或YFGKLESKLSVIRN(SEQID NO:31)获得的分子建模数据指示中和抗体或化合物可以与哪些残基相互作用。
采用免疫选择,通过筛选一组代表性肽,在缺乏任何分子建模时,可以完成用于肽表位选择的可供替代的方法。在一种方法,可以使用完整蛋白质序列的代表性重叠肽。在一种更加限制的方法中,仅某些表位在一组肽中显示。在一种联合方法中,可以使用分子建模来鉴定可能是重要的表位。然后用鉴定的表位序列构建代表所述鉴定表位的一组肽(例如重叠肽)。采用本领域已知的标准技术可以实施所需肽序列的制备方法。
一旦选出一种或多种结合肽(例如一组重叠肽),则可以对关连受体进行免疫筛选。或者,可以用选定关连受体进行免疫筛选,使得可以鉴定具有某种结合亲和力的肽。可以利用无数次免疫筛选,以便可以将所需受体或所需肽鉴定为候选结合分子,以供进一步研究使用。用于分析蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用、鉴定候选结合分子和/或计算结合亲和力的这种“饵(bait)”和“猎物(prey)”技术在本领域有介绍。一种优选的技术利用本文所述的噬菌体展示。
抗IL-18抗体
本发明提供结合IL-18的抗体及其抗体部分。所述抗体或其部分最好是分离抗体。所述抗体或其部分最好是中和抗体。
本文所用的术语“抗体”是指由4条通过二硫键相互连接的多肽链一2条重(H)链和2条轻(L)链组成的免疫球蛋白分子。每条重链由一个重链可变区(本文缩写为HCVR或VH)和一个重链恒定区组成。重链恒定区由三个结构域-CH1、CH2和CH3组成。每条轻链由一个轻链可变区(本文缩写为LCVR或VL)和一个轻链恒定区组成。轻链恒定区由一个结构域CL组成。VH区和VL区可以进一步再分为称为互补性决定区(CDR)的高变区,间插称为构架区(FR)的更保守的区域。每个VH和VL由三个CDR和四个FR组成,并按以下顺序从氨基端至羧基端排列:FR1、CDR1、FR2、CDR2、FR3、CDR3、FR4。
本文所用的术语抗体的“抗原结合部分”(或简称为“抗体部分”)是指一种或多种保留与抗原(例如hIL-18)特异性结合能力的抗体片段。已经表明全长抗体的片段可以执行抗体的抗原结合功能。术语抗体的“抗原结合部分”包括的结合片段实例包括(i)Fab片段,由VL结构域、VH结构域、CL结构域和CH1结构域组成的单价片段;(ii)F(ab′)2片段,包含在铰链区通过一个二硫键连接的两个Fab片段的二价片段;(iii)Fd片段,由VH结构域和CH1结构域组成;(iv)Fv片段,由抗体单臂的VL结构域和VH结构域组成,(v)dAb片段(Ward等,(1989)Nature 341:544-546),该片段由一个VH结构域组成;和(vi)分离的互补性决定区(CDR)。此外,虽然Fv片段的两个结构域-VL和VH由不同的基因编码,但是可以采用重组方法,通过合成接头将其连接,使其能够成为单一蛋白链,其中VL区和VH区配对形成单价分子(称为单链Fv(scFv);参见例如Bird等(1988)Science 242:423-426;和Huston等(1988)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 85:5879-5883)。这样的单链抗体也包括在术语抗体的“抗原结合部分”内。也包括其它形式单链抗体,例如双体分子。双体分子是二价双特异性抗体,其中VH结构域和VL结构域表达在单一多肽链上,但使用的接头太短以致不能在同一链的两个结构域间进行配对,从而使所述结构域与另一条链的互补结构域配对,产生两个抗原结合部位(参见例如,Holliger,P.等(1993)Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA 90:6444-6448;Poljak,R.J.等(1994)Structure 2:1121-1123)。
再者,抗体或其抗原结合部分可以是通过所述抗体或抗体部分与一种或多种其它蛋白或肽共价或非共价缔合形成的较大免疫粘附分子的一部分。这类免疫粘附分子的实例包括应用链霉抗生物素蛋白核心区域形成四聚体scFv分子(Kipriyanov,S.M.等(1995)HumanAntibodies and Hybridomas 6:93-101)以及应用半胱氨酸残基、标记肽和C端多聚组氨酸标志形成二价生物素化scFv分子(Kipriyanov,S.M.等(1994)Mol.Immunol.31:1047-1058)。采用常规技术,例如分别用木瓜蛋白酶或胃蛋白酶消化完整抗体,可以由完整抗体制备诸如Fab片段和F(ab′)2片段的抗体部分。此外,采用如本文中所述的标准重组DNA技术,可以获得抗体、抗体部分和免疫粘附分子。
本文所用的“分离抗体”是指基本上不含具有不同抗原特异性的其它抗体的抗体(例如特异性结合hIL-18的分离抗体基本上不含特异性结合除hIL-18以外的抗原的抗体)。然而,特异性结合hIL-18的分离抗体可能与其它抗原(例如来自其它物种的IL-18分子)有交叉反应性。此外,分离抗体可能基本上不含其它细胞物质和/或化学物质。此外,分离抗体(例如分离的人抗体)可以是嵌合抗体,其中例如将可变区、CDR结构域或来源于不同人的同种型移植到亲代人抗体。
本文所用的“化合物”是指诸如抗体的结合分子,例如多克隆抗体、单克隆抗体、它们的结合片段(例如Fab片段)、单链抗体(例如scFv)、肽或肽模拟物以及非肽型分子,例如具有配体结合活性的小分子。
本文所用的“中和抗体”(或“中和hIL-18活性的抗体”)是指与hIL-18结合导致抑制hIL-18生物活性的抗体。这种抑制hIL-18生物活性可以通过测定hIL-18生物活性的一个或多个指标来评价。hIL-18生物活性的这些指标可以通过本领域已知的若干标准体外或体内测定中的一种或多种来评价。
本文所用的术语“表面等离子体共振”是指通过检测生物传感器基体内的蛋白质浓度改变,例如采用BIAcore系统(PharmaciaBiosensor AB,Uppsala,Sweden and Piscataway,NJ),可分析实时生物特异性相互作用的光学现象。有关进一步描述,参见U.等(1993)Ann.Biol.Clin.51:19-26;U.等(1991)Biotechniques 11:620-627;Johnsson,B等(1995)J.Mol.Recognit.8:125-131;和Johnsson,B等(1991)Anal.Biochem.198:268-277。
本文所用的术语“Koff”是指抗体与所述抗体/抗原复合物解离的解离速率常数。
本文所用的术语“Kd”是指特定抗体-抗原相互作用的解离常数。
一方面,本发明涉及结合包含氨基酸PLFEDMTDSDCRDNA(SEQ ID NO:1)或VIRNLNDQVLFIDQ(SEQ ID NO:33)的人IL-18表位或这些表位中任一表位的一部分的分离抗体或其抗原结合部分。所述抗体最好是中和抗体。所述抗体最好是人抗体。在各种实施方案中,所述抗体是重组抗体或单克隆抗体。
在其它实施方案中,所述分离抗体或其抗原结合部分与包含氨基酸PLFEDMTDSDCRDNA(SEQ ID NO:1)的人IL-18表位结合,其中根据表面等离子体共振测定,所述抗体或其抗原结合部分与人IL-18解离的Koff速率常数为0.1s-1或以下;或者其抑制人IL-18活性的IC50为1x 10-6M或以下。或者,根据表面等离子体共振测定,所述抗体或其抗原结合部分与人IL-18解离的Koff速率常数为1x 10-2s-1或以下;或者抑制人IL-18活性的IC50为1x 10-7M或以下。或者,根据表面等离子体共振测定,所述抗体或其抗原结合部分与人IL-18解离的Koff速率常数为1x 10-3s-1或以下;或者抑制人IL-18活性的IC50为1x10-8M或以下。或者,根据表面等离子体共振测定,所述抗体或其抗原结合部分与人IL-18解离的Koff速率常数为1x 10-4s-1或以下;或者抑制人IL-18活性的IC50为1x 10-9M或以下。或者,根据表面等离子体共振测定,所述抗体或其抗原结合部分与人IL-18解离的Koff速率常数为1x 10-5s-1或以下;或者抑制人IL-18活性的IC50为1x 10-10M或以下。或者,根据表面等离子体共振测定,所述抗体或其抗原结合部分与人IL-18解离的Koff速率常数为1x 10-6s-1或以下;或者抑制人IL-18活性的IC50为1x 10-11M或以下。
经鉴定的抗IL-18抗体的亲和力成熟
本发明也提供对鉴定为与IL-18表位结合的抗体进行进一步修饰。对所述经鉴定的抗IL-18抗体进行修饰用以改进结合活性和/或中和活性。
治疗组合物和给药方法
本发明也提供包含本发明的抗体或其抗原结合部分以及药学上可接受的载体的药用组合物。在一个实施方案中,所述药用组合物还包含至少一种另外的治疗其中IL-18活性是有害的疾病的治疗药物。
可以将本发明的抗体和抗体部分掺入到适用于给予患者的药用组合物中。通常,所述药用组合物包含本发明的抗体或抗体部分以及药学上可接受的载体。本文所用的“药学上可接受的载体”包括生理学上相容的任何和所有溶剂、分散介质、包衣剂、抗细菌剂和抗真菌剂、等渗和吸收延迟剂等。药学上可接受的载体的实例包括水、盐水、磷酸缓冲盐溶液、葡萄糖、甘油、乙醇等中的一种或多种以及它们的组合物。在许多情况下,最好是在所述组合物中包括诸如糖的等渗剂、诸如甘露醇、山梨糖醇的多元醇或氯化钠。药学上可接受的载体还可包含少量用以增强所述抗体或抗体部分的保存寿命或效力的辅助物质,例如湿润剂或乳化剂、防腐剂或缓冲剂。
可以将本发明的抗体和抗体部分掺入到适用于胃肠外给药的药用组合物中。所述抗体或抗体部分最好制备成含有0.1-250mg/ml抗体的注射液。所述注射液可以装在无色管形瓶或琥珀色管形瓶、安瓿或预装满的注射器中的液体剂型或冻干剂型。所述缓冲剂可以是L-组氨酸(1-50mM)、最适5-10mM,pH 5.0-7.0(最适pH 6.0)。其它合适的缓冲剂包括但不限于琥珀酸钠、柠檬酸钠、磷酸钠或磷酸钾。可以使用氯化钠改进溶液的毒性,其浓度为0-300mM(对于液体剂型最适150mM)。对于冻干剂型可以包括抗冻剂,主要为0-10%蔗糖(最适0.5-1.0%)。其它合适的抗冻剂包括海藻糖和乳糖。对于冻干剂型可以包括增量剂,主要是1-10%甘露醇(最适2-4%)。在液体和冻干剂型中均可以使用稳定剂,主要是1-50mM L-甲硫氨酸(最适5-10mM)。其它合适的增量剂包括甘氨酸、精氨酸,可以包括0-0.05%聚山梨醇酯80(最适0.005-0.01%)。其它表面活性剂包括但不限于聚山梨醇酯20和BRIJ表面活性剂。
本发明的组合物可以为各种各样的形式。包括例如液体、半固体和固体剂型,例如液体溶液(例如注射液和输注液)、分散剂或悬浮剂、片剂、丸剂、粉剂、脂质体和栓剂。优选形式取决于计划的给药方式和治疗应用。典型的优选组合物为注射液和输注液的形式,例如用其它抗体被动免疫人类似的组合物。优选的给药方式为胃肠外(例如静脉内、皮下、腹膜内、肌内)给药。在一个优选的实施方案中,通过静脉输注或注射给予所述抗体。在另一个优选的实施方案中,通过肌内或皮下注射给予所述抗体。
治疗组合物通常必须是无菌的并且在生产和贮藏条件下是稳定的。所述组合物可以配制成溶液剂、微乳剂、分散剂、脂质体或其它适合于高药物浓度的有序结构。无菌注射液可以如下制备:将所述活性化合物(即抗体或抗体部分)以所需用量与以上列出组分中的一种或组合组分按需掺入到合适溶剂中,然后过滤除菌。一般而言,通过将所述活性化合物掺入到含有基础分散介质和以上列举的所需的其它组分的无菌溶媒中制备分散剂。对于用来制备无菌注射液的无菌冻干粉剂,优选的制备方法是真空干燥和喷雾干燥,以便从其上述过滤除菌的溶液得到有效成分和任何额外所需组分的粉末。例如利用诸如卵磷脂的包衣剂,在分散剂的情况下保持所需颗粒大小和利用表面活性剂,可以保持溶液的适宜流度。可以通过在所述组合物中包括延迟吸收的物质,例如单硬脂酸盐和明胶,可以使注射用组合物延长吸收。
虽然对于许多治疗应用,优选的给药途径/方式是皮下注射、静脉内注射或输注,但是本发明的抗体和抗体部分可以通过本领域已知的多种方法给予。本领域技术人员知道,给药途径和/或方式根据所需结果而变化。在某些实施方案中,所述活性化合物可以与保护所述化合物避免快速释放的载体一起制备,例如控释制剂,包括植入物、透皮贴剂和微囊化给药系统。可以使用可生物降解的生物相容聚合物,例如乙烯乙酸乙烯酯、聚酐类、聚乙醇酸、胶原蛋白、聚原酸酯和聚乳酸。这类制剂的许多制备方法是已取得专利权或是本领域技术人员周知的。参见例如Sustained and Controlled Release Drug Delivery Systems,J.R.Robinson编著,Marcel Dekker,Inc.,New York,1978。
在某些实施方案中,本发明的抗体或抗体部分可以用惰性稀释剂或可吸收食用载体口服给予。所述化合物(和其它组分,如有需要)也可以包封在硬壳明胶胶囊或软壳明胶胶囊中、压缩成片剂或直接掺入到所述患者的饮食中。对于经口的治疗性给药,所述化合物可以掺入赋形剂,以可食入的片剂、口含片、锭剂、胶囊、酏剂、混悬剂、糖浆、糯米纸囊剂等形式使用。为了通过除胃肠外给药以外的其它途径给予本发明的化合物,可能必需用防止所述化合物失活的物质对其进行包衣或者将所述化合物与所述物质一起共同给予。
也可以将补充的活性化合物掺入到所述组合物中。在某些实施方案中,本发明的抗体或抗体部分与一种或多种另外的可用于治疗其中IL-18活性是有害的疾病的治疗药物共同配制,或者与所述治疗药物一起共同给予。例如,本发明的抗hIL-18抗体或抗体部分可以与一种或多种另外的结合其它靶的抗体(例如结合其它细胞因子或结合细胞表面分子的抗体)共同配制和/或共同给予。此外,本发明的一种或多种抗体可以与两种或两种以上的前述治疗药物联合使用。这样的联合疗法可以有利地利用较低剂量的所给予的治疗药物,因而避免了与各种单一疗法相关的可能毒性或并发症。
治疗应用
白介素-18在与许多涉及免疫和炎症因素的疾病相关的病理方面起关键作用。这些疾病包括但不限于类风湿性关节炎、骨关节炎、青少年慢性关节炎、莱姆关节炎、牛皮癣性关节炎、反应性关节炎、脊椎关节炎、系统性红斑狼疮、节段性回肠炎、溃疡性结肠炎、炎性肠病、胰岛素依赖性糖尿病、甲状腺炎、哮喘、变应性疾病、牛皮癣、皮炎性硬皮病、移植物抗宿主病、器官移植排斥、与器官移植有关的急性或慢性免疫性疾病、肉样瘤病、动脉粥样硬化、播散性血管内凝血、川崎病(Kawasaki’s disease)、格雷夫斯病(Graves’s disease)、肾病综合征、慢性疲劳综合征、韦格纳肉芽肿病(Wegener’s granulomatosis)、亨诺赫-舍恩莱因紫癜(Henoch-Schoenlein purpurea)、显微镜可见的肾脉管炎、慢性活动性肝炎、眼色素层炎、脓毒性休克、中毒性休克综合征、脓毒病综合征、恶病质、感染性疾病、寄生虫病、获得性免疫缺陷综合征、急性横贯性脊髓炎、亨廷顿舞蹈病、帕金森氏病、早老性痴呆、中风、原发性胆汁性肝硬化、溶血性贫血、恶性肿瘤、心力衰蝎、心肌硬塞、艾迪生病(Addison’s disease)、I型散发性多腺体缺陷和II型多腺体缺陷、施密特综合征(Schmidt’s syndrome)、成人(急性)呼吸窘迫综合征、脱发、斑形脱发、血清反应阴性关节病、关节病、赖特病(Reiter’s disease)、牛皮癣性关节病、溃疡性结肠炎性关节病、肠病性滑膜炎、衣原体、耶尔森氏菌和沙门氏菌相关性关节病、脊椎关节病、动脉粥样硬化病/动脉硬化、特应性变态反应、自身免疫性大疱病、寻常天疱疮、落叶状天疱疮、类天疱疮、线性IgA病、自身免疫性溶血性贫血、库姆斯(Coombs)阳性溶血性贫血、获得性恶性贫血、青少年恶性贫血、肌痛性脑炎/Royal Free病、慢性粘膜皮肤念珠菌病、巨细胞性动脉炎、原发性硬化性肝炎、隐原性自身免疫性肝炎、获得性免疫缺陷病综合征、获得性免疫缺陷相关疾病、丙型肝炎、常见变异型免疫缺陷(常见可变型低丙种球蛋白血症)、扩张性心肌病、女性不育症、卵巢功能衰竭、成熟前卵巢功能衰竭、纤维化肺病、隐原性纤维化肺泡炎、炎症后间质性肺病、间质性肺炎、结缔组织病相关性间质性肺病、混合型结缔组织病相关性间质性肺病、全身性硬化病相关性间质性肺病、类风湿性关节炎相关性间质性肺病、系统性红斑狼疮相关性肺病、皮肌炎/多肌炎相关性肺病、斯耶格伦病(disease)相关性肺病、关节强硬性脊椎炎相关性肺病、血管炎性弥漫性肺病、含铁血黄素沉着病相关性肺病、药源性间质性肺病、放射性纤维变性、闭塞性支气管炎、慢性嗜酸细胞性肺炎、淋巴细胞浸润性肺病、感染后间质性肺病、痛风性关节炎、自身免疫性肝炎、1型自身免疫性肝炎(典型自身免疫性或狼疮样肝炎)、2型自身免疫性肝炎(抗LKM抗体肝炎)、自身免疫介导的低血糖、B型胰岛素抵抗伴随黑色棘皮症、甲状旁腺机能减退症、与器官移植有关的急性免疫性疾病、与器官移植有关的慢性免疫性疾病、骨关节病、原发性硬化性胆管炎、1型牛皮癣、2型牛皮癣、特发性白细胞减少症、自身免疫性中性白细胞减少症、肾病NOS、肾小球肾炎、显微镜可见的肾脉管炎、莱姆病、盘状狼疮红斑、男性不育性特发性或NOS、精子自身免疫、多发性硬化(所有亚型)、交感性眼炎、结缔组织病继发性肺动脉高压、古德帕斯彻综合征(Goodpasture’s syndrome)、结节性多动脉炎的肺部表现、急性风湿热、类风湿性脊椎炎、斯蒂尔氏病(Still’s disease)、全身性硬化、斯耶格伦综合征、Takayasu氏病/动脉炎、自身免疫性血小板减少、特发性血小板减少、自身免疫性甲状腺病、甲状腺机能亢进、甲状腺肿自身免疫性甲状腺机能减退(桥本病)、萎缩性自身免疫性甲状腺机能减退、原发性粘液性水肿、晶状体性眼色素层炎、原发性脉管炎和白斑。可以应用本发明的人抗体和抗体部分治疗罹患自身免疫病、尤其是与炎症相关的自身免疫病的病人,所述疾病包括类风湿性脊椎炎、变态反应、自身免疫性糖尿病、自身免疫性眼色素层炎、急性肝病、慢性肝病、变态反应和哮喘、精神障碍(例如抑郁症和精神分裂症)以及Th2型和Th1型介导的疾病。
最好是应用本发明的抗体或其抗原结合部分治疗类风湿性关节炎、节段性回肠炎、多发性硬化、胰岛素依赖性糖尿病、糖尿症(mellitus)和牛皮癣。
本发明的抗体或抗体部分也可以与一种或多种另外的可用来治疗自身免疫病和炎性疾病的治疗药物一起给予。
可以单独或联合应用本发明的抗体或其抗原结合部分治疗这类疾病。应该知道,本发明的抗体或其抗原结合部分可以单独使用或者与诸如治疗药物的其它药物联合使用,所述其它药物由技术人员根据其预定目的进行选择。例如,所述其它药物可以是可用于治疗本发明抗体所治疗疾病或病症的本领域公知的治疗药物。所述其它药物也可以是对所述治疗组合物产生有益特性的药物,例如影响所述组合物粘度的药物。
还应该知道包括在本发明范围内的组合是可用于其计划目的的组合。下文所述的药物用于说明所述目的,而不是限制性的。作为本发明部分的所述组合可以是本发明的抗体和选自下列实例中的至少一种另外的药物。所述组合也可以包括一种以上其他药物,例如两种或三种其他药物,只要这样的组合形成的组合物能够实现其预定作用。
优选组合是非甾体消炎药,也称为NSAIDS,它包括象布洛芬的药物。其它优选组合是包括泼尼松龙在内的皮质类固醇;当与本发明的抗IL-18抗体联合治疗患者时,通过减少类固醇的所需剂量可以降低甚至消除应用类固醇众所周知的副作用。可以与本发明的抗体或抗体部分联合应用的用于类风湿性关节炎的治疗药物的非限制性实例包括以下药物:细胞因子抑制性消炎药(CSAID);抗其它人类细胞因子或生长因子的抗体或拮抗剂,例如,TNF、LT、IL-1、IL-2、IL-6、IL-7、IL-8、IL-12、IL-15、IL-16、EMAP-II、GM-CSF、FGF和PDGF。本发明的抗体或其抗原结合部分可以与抗诸如以下细胞表面分子的抗体组合:CD2、CD3、CD4、CD8、CD25、CD28、CD30、CD40、CD45、CD69、CD80(B7.1)、CD86(B7.2)、CD90或它们的配体,包括CD154(gp39或CD40L)。
治疗药物的优选组合可以在不同点干扰自身免疫和后续的炎症级联;优选的实例包括TNF拮抗剂,如嵌合、人源化或人TNF抗体、D2E7、(PCT公布号WO 97/29131)、CA2(RemicadeTM)、CDP 571和可溶性p55或p75 TNF受体、它们的衍生物(p75TNFRlgG(EnbrelTM)或p55TNFRlgG(Lenercept)以及TNFα转化酶(TACE)抑制剂;同样,IL-1抑制剂(白介素-1转化酶抑制剂IL-1RA等)可能由于相同原因而有效。其它优选组合包括白介素11。再一优选组合是可以与IL-18功能平行作用、依赖于IL-18功能或与IL-18协同作用的免疫应答的其它关键作用物;尤其优选的是IL-12拮抗剂,包括IL-12抗体或可溶性IL-12受体或IL-12结合蛋白。已经表明IL-12和IL-18存在重叠但具有不同的功能,抗二者的拮抗剂的组合可能最有效。再一优选的组合是非耗尽性抗CD4抑制剂。再一优选的组合包括共同刺激途径CD80(B7.1)或CD86(B7.2)的拮抗剂,包括抗体、可溶性受体或拮抗配体。
本发明的抗体或其抗原结合部分可以与诸如以下的药物组合:氨甲蝶呤、6-MP、硫唑嘌呤、柳氮磺吡啶、美沙拉嗪、奥沙拉嗪氯喹宁/羟氯喹、青霉胺、金硫苹果酸盐(肌内注射和口服)、硫唑嘌呤、秋水仙碱、皮质类固醇(口服、吸入和局部注射)、β-2肾上腺素能受体激动剂(沙丁胺醇、特布他林、沙美特罗)、黄嘌呤类(茶碱、氨茶碱)、色甘酸、奈多罗米、酮替芬、异丙托铵和氧托铵、环孢菌素、FK506、雷帕霉素、霉酚酸莫非替克、来氟米特、NSAID如布洛芬、cox-2抑制剂、cox-2选择性抑制剂(例如rofecoxib(VIOXXTM;Merck&Co.,Inc.))、皮质类固醇例如泼尼松龙、磷酸二酯酶抑制剂、腺苷激动剂、抗凝剂、补体抑制剂、肾上腺素能药物、干扰促炎细胞因子(例如TNFα或IL-1)信号转导的药物(例如IRAK、NIK、IKK、p38或MAP激酶抑制剂)、IL-1β转化酶抑制剂、TNFα转化酶(TACE)抑制剂、T细胞信号转导抑制剂例如激酶抑制剂、金属蛋白酶抑制剂、柳氮磺吡啶、硫唑嘌呤、6-巯基嘌呤、血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂、可溶性细胞因子受体及其衍生物(例如可溶性p55或p75 TNF受体和衍生物p75TNFRIgG(EnbrelTM和p55TNFRIgG(Lenercept))、sIL-1RI、sIL-1RII、sIL-6R)和抗炎细胞因子(例如IL-4、IL-10、IL-11、IL-13和TGFβ)。优选的组合包括氨甲蝶呤或来弗米特,在中度或严重类风湿性关节炎情况下,包括环孢菌素。
可以与本发明的抗体或抗体部分组合的用于炎性肠病的治疗药物的非限制性实例包括以下药物:布地萘德;表皮生长因子;皮质类固醇;环孢菌素;柳氮磺吡啶;氨基水杨酸;6-巯基嘌呤;硫唑嘌呤;甲硝唑;脂肪氧化酶抑制剂;美沙拉秦;奥沙拉秦;巴柳氮;抗氧化剂;血栓烷抑制剂;IL-1受体拮抗剂;抗IL-1β单克隆抗体;抗IL-6单克隆抗体;生长因子;弹性蛋白酶抑制剂;吡啶基-咪唑化合物;抗以下其它人细胞因子或生长因子的抗体或拮抗剂:例如TNF、LT、IL-1、IL-2、IL-6、IL-7、IL-8、IL-12、IL-15、IL-16、EMAP-II、GM-CSF、FGF和PDGF。本发明的抗体或其抗原结合部分可以与抗诸如以下的细胞表面分子的抗体组合:CD2、CD3、CD4、CD8、CD25、CD28、CD30、CD40、CD45、CD69、CD90或它们的配体。本发明的抗体或其抗原结合部分也可以与诸如以下的药物组合:氨甲蝶呤、环孢菌素、FK506、雷帕霉素、霉酚酸莫非替克、来氟米特、NSAID例如布洛芬、皮质类固醇例如泼尼松龙、磷酸二酯酶抑制剂、腺苷激动剂、抗凝剂、补体抑制剂、肾上腺素能药物、干扰促炎细胞因子(例如TNFα或IL-1)信号转导的药物(例如IRAK、NIK、IKK、p38或MAP激酶抑制剂)、IL-1β转化酶抑制剂、TNFα转化酶抑制剂、T细胞信号转导抑制剂例如激酶抑制剂、金属蛋白酶抑制剂、柳氮磺吡啶、硫唑嘌呤、6-巯基嘌呤、血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂、可溶性细胞因子受体及其衍生物(例如可溶性p55或p75TNF受体、sIL-1R、sIL-1RII、sIL-6R)和抗炎细胞因子(例如IL-4、IL-10、IL-11、IL-13和TGFβ)。
可以与抗体或抗原结合部分组合的用于节段性回肠炎的治疗药物的优选实例包括以下药物:TNF拮抗剂如抗TNF抗体、D2E7(PCT公布号WO 97/29131)、CA2(RemicadeTM)、CDP 571、TNFR-Ig构建体、(p75TNFRIgG(EnbrelTM和p55TNFRIgG(Lenercept))抑制剂以及PDE4抑制剂。本发明的抗体或其抗原结合部分可以与皮质类固醇(例如布地萘德和地塞米松)组合。本发明的抗体或其抗原结合部分也可以与诸如柳氮磺吡啶、5-氨基水杨酸和奥沙拉秦的药物组合,以及与干扰诸如IL-1的促炎细胞因子的合成或作用的药物(例如IL-1β转化酶抑制剂和IL-1ra)组合。本发明的抗体或其抗原结合部分也可以与诸如酪氨酸激酶抑制剂6-巯基嘌呤的T细胞信号转导抑制剂一起使用。本发明的抗体或其抗原结合部分可以与IL-11组合。
可以与本发明的抗体或抗体部分组合用于多发性硬化的治疗药物的非限制性实例包括以下药物:皮质类固醇;泼尼松龙;甲泼尼龙;硫唑嘌呤;环磷酰胺;环孢菌素;氨甲蝶呤;4-氨基吡啶;替扎尼定;干扰素-β1a(Avonex;Biogen);干扰素-β1b(Betaseron;Chiron/Berlex);共聚物1(Cop-1;Copaxone;Teva Pharmaceutical Industries,Inc.);高压氧;静脉内免疫球蛋白;clabribine;抗其它人体细胞因子或生长因子的抗体或拮抗剂,例如,TNF、LT、IL-1、IL-2、IL-6、IL-7、IL-8、IL-12、IL-15、IL-16、EMAP-II、GM-CSF、FGF和PDGF。本发明的抗体或其抗原结合部分可以与抗诸如以下的细胞表面分子的抗体组合:CD2、CD3、CD4、CD8、CD25、CD28、CD30、CD40、CD45、CD69、CD80、CD86、CD90或它们的配体。本发明的抗体或其抗原结合部分也可以与诸如以下的药物组合:氨甲蝶呤、环孢菌素、FK506、雷帕霉素、霉酚酸莫非替克、来氟米特、NSAID例如布洛芬、皮质类固醇例如泼尼松龙、磷酸二酯酶抑制剂、腺苷激动剂、抗凝剂、补体抑制剂、肾上腺素能药物、干扰促炎细胞因子(例如TNFα或IL-1)信号转导的药物(例如IRAK、NIK、IKK、p38或MAP激酶抑制剂)、IL-1β转化酶抑制剂、TACE抑制剂、T细胞信号转导抑制剂例如激酶抑制剂、金属蛋白酶抑制剂、柳氮磺吡啶、硫唑嘌呤、6-巯基嘌呤、血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂、可溶性细胞因子受体及其衍生物(例如可溶性p55或p75 TNF受体、sIL-1RI、sIL-1RII、sIL-6R)和抗炎细胞因子(例如IL-4、IL-10、IL-13和TGFβ)。
可以与所述抗体或其抗原结合部分组合用于多发性硬化的治疗药物的优选实例包括干扰素-β、例如IFNβ1a和IFNβ1b;copaxone、皮质类固醇、IL-1抑制剂、TNF抑制剂和抗CD40配体和CD80的抗体。
本发明的药用组合物可以包括“治疗有效量”或“预防有效量”的本发明抗体或抗体部分。“治疗有效量”是指达到所需治疗结果必需的剂量和时间的有效量。所述抗体或抗体部分的治疗有效量可以根据诸如以下的因素而变化:个体的疾病状况、年龄、性别和体重以及所述抗体或抗体部分在个体体内诱发所需反应的能力。治疗有效量也是治疗有益效应超过所述抗体或抗体部分的任何毒性或有害效应的剂量。“预防有效量”是指达到所需预防结果必需的剂量和时间的有效量。通常,由于预防剂量是在疾病之前或早期用于患者,因此预防有效量会低于治疗有效量。
可以调节给药方案,以提供所需最适反应(例如治疗反应或预防反应)。例如,可以给予单次大剂量,可以在规定时间内给予多次分次剂量,或者所述剂量可以根据治疗情况的需要进行相应减少或增加。尤其有利的是配制易于给药和均匀给药的剂量单位形式的胃肠外组合物。本文所用的剂量单位形式是指用于需治疗的哺乳动物患者适合作为单位剂量的物理独离单位;每个单位含有经计算产生与所需药用载体相关的所需治疗效应的活性化合物的预先确定的量。本发明的剂量单位形式规格取决于并且直接取决于(a)所述活性化合物的独特特性和需获得的具体治疗或预防效应,和(b)针对各个个体治疗敏感性配制这种化合物的固有技术限制。
本发明抗体或抗体部分的治疗或预防有效量的示例性非限制性范围为0.1-20mg/kg、更优选1-10mg/kg。值得注意的是,剂量值可以随需缓解的病症的类型和严重程度而变化。还知道,对于任何具体患者,根据个体需要和管理或主管给予所述组合物的专业人员的判断在规定时间内调整具体的给药方案,本文所述的剂量范围仅是示例性的并不是用来限制要求保护的组合物的范围或实施。
抗IL-18抗体的制备方法
本发明的抗IL-18抗体可以采用本领域用以制备抗体的众多已知技术中的任一种以及利用包含在小节I中描述的IL-18肽表位-即包含氨基酸PLFEDMTDSDCRDNA(SEQ ID NO:1)的人IL-18表位的抗原制备。
一般而言,用以制备结合人白介素-18(IL-18)的抗体的本发明方法包括:
将抗体库暴露于包含含氨基酸PLFEDMTDSDCRDNA(SEQ IDNO:1)或其部分(SEQ ID NO:3或33)的人IL-18表位的抗原;
从所述抗体库中选择结合包含氨基酸PLFEDMTDSDCRDNA(SEQ ID NO:1)或其部分(SEQ ID NO:3或33)的人IL-18表位的抗体。
在一个实施方案中,所述抗体库是动物的体内抗体库,所述方法包括用包含含氨基酸PLFEDMTDSDCRDNA (SEQ ID NO:1)的人IL-18表位的抗原免疫所述动物。在另一个实施方案中,所述抗体库是重组抗体文库,所述方法包括用包含含氨基酸PLFEDMTDSDCRDNA(SEQ ID NO:1)的人IL-18表位的抗原筛选所述文库。所述文库最好是人抗体文库。
用抗原免疫动物、从而针对所述抗原产生特异性抗体的方法是本领域众所周知的。可以将包含含氨基酸PLFEDMTDSDCRDNA(SEQID NO:1)的人IL-18表位的IL-18抗原给予动物,以诱发多克隆抗体;并且从所述多克隆抗体中选择那些与所述表位结合的抗体,可以分离结合所述表位的特异性抗体(例如将所述多克隆抗血清通过包含含hIL-18的氨基酸PLFEDMTDSDCRDNA(SEQ ID NO:1)的肽的柱子)。用来诱发所述多克隆抗体的抗原可以是完整的(即全长)hIL-18或可以是包括目的表位的hIL-18的一部分,例如包含hIL-18的氨基酸PLFEDMTDSDCRDNA(SEQ ID NO:1)的合成肽。此外,抗所述表位的单克隆抗体可以如下制备:用上述动物,采用标准杂交瘤技术,并且选择分泌特异性地结合所述目的表位的抗体的那些杂交瘤,例如用包含hIL-18的氨基酸PLFEDMTDSDCRDNA(SFQ ID NO:1)的肽筛选所述杂交瘤并且选择与所述肽特异性结合的抗体。
也可以采用体外方法制备本发明的抗体,其中筛选抗体文库以鉴定具有所需结合特异性的抗体。这种筛选重组抗体文库的方法是本领域众所周知的,包括在以下文献中描述的方法:例如Ladner等美国专利第5,223,409号;Kang等PCT公布号WO 92/18619;Dower等PCT公布号WO 91/17271;Winter等PCT公布号WO 92/20791;Markland等PCT公布号WO 92/15679;Breitling等PCT公布号WO 93/01288;McCafferty等PCT公布号WO 92/01047;Garrard等PCT公布号WO92/09690;Fuchs等(1991)Bio/Technology 9:1370-1372;Hay等(1992)Hum Antibod Hybridomas 3:81-85;Huse等(1989)Science 246:1275-1281;McCafferty等,Nature(1990)348:552-554;Griffiths等(1993)EMBO J12:725-734;Hawkins等(1992)J Mol Biol 226:889-896;Clackson等(1991)Nature 352:624-628;Gram等(1992)PNAS 89:3576-3580;Garrad等(1991)Bio/Technology 9:1373-1377;Hoogenboom等(1991)Nuc AcidRes 19:4133-4137;和Barbas等(1991)PNAS 88:7978-7982,和PCT公布号WO 97/29131,所述各文献内容都通过引用结合到本文中。
所述重组抗体文库可以得自用包含含氨基酸PLFEDMTDSDCRDNA(SEQ ID NO:1)的表位的IL-18或IL-18的一部分免疫的患者。或者,所述重组抗体文库可以得自未免疫的患者,即未用IL-18免疫的患者,例如得自未用人IL-18免疫的病人的人抗体文库。本发明的抗体可以通过以下方法选择:用人IL-18的氨基酸PLFEDMTDSDCRDNA(SEQ ID NO:1)的表位筛选所述重组抗体文库,从而选择识别该表位的那些抗体。进行这种筛选和选择的方法是本领域众所周知的,例如在前述段落的参考文献中描述的方法。
为了选择对hIL-18具有特定结合亲和性的本发明抗体,可以使用本领域已知的表面等离子体共振方法。为了选择对hIL-18具有特定中和活性的抗体,可以使用用以评价抑制hIL-18活性的本领域已知的标准方法。另外,免疫已用转基因方法改变为编码人所有免疫球蛋白的小鼠、从而使所述生物在对免疫原应答时表达完全人抗体的方法是本领域已知的(参见例如.S.P.N.s 5,877,397和6,150,584)。
抗IL-18抗体的应用
采用常规免疫测定,例如酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)、放射免疫测定(RIA)或组织免疫组织化学,可以用已知能够结合hIL-18的本发明抗hIL-18抗体或其部分检测hIL-18(例如生物样品,例如血清或血浆)。本发明提供用以检测生物样品中hIL-18的方法,所述方法包括将生物样品与本发明的抗体或抗体部分接触,然后检测与hIL-18结合的抗体(或抗体部分)或未结合的抗体(或抗体部分),从而检测所述检测生物样品中的hIL-18。所述抗体直接或间接用一种可检测物质标记,以有助于检测所述结合抗体或未结合抗体。合适的可检测物质包括各种酶、辅基、荧光材料、发光材料和放射性材料。合适酶的实例包括辣根过氧化物酶、碱性磷酸酶、β-半乳糖苷酶或乙酰胆碱酯酶;合适辅基复合物的实例包括链霉抗生物素蛋白/生物素和抗生物素蛋白/生物素;合适荧光材料的实例包括伞形酮、荧光素、异硫氰酸荧光素、罗丹明、二氯三嗪胺荧光素、丹磺酰氯或藻红蛋白;发光材料的实例包括鲁米诺;合适放射性材料的实例包括125I、131I、35S、32P、33P或3H。
可以替代标记所述抗体,通过竞争性免疫测定,利用用一种可检测物质标记的rhIL-18标准品和未标记的抗hIL-18抗体,可以测定生物液体中的hIL-18。在该测定中,将所述生物样品、标记rhIL-18标准品和抗hIL-18抗体混合,然后测定与所述未标记抗体结合的标记rhIL-18标准品的量。生物样品中hIL-18含量与所述抗hIL-18抗体结合的标记rhIL-18标准品的量成反比。
本发明的抗体和抗体部分最好在体外和体内均能够中和hIL-18活性。因此,可以应用本发明的这种抗体和抗体部分抑制例如在含hIL-18的细胞培养物中的hIL-18活性、病人体内的hIL-18活性或具有与本发明的抗体有交叉反应的IL-18的其它哺乳动物患者体内的hIL-18活性。在一个实施方案中,本发明提供一种抑制IL-18活性的方法,所述方法包括将IL-18与本发明的抗体或抗体部分接触,使得IL-18活性被抑制。所述IL-18最好是人IL-18。例如,在含有或怀疑含有hIL-18的细胞培养物中,可以将本发明的抗体或抗体部分加到所述培养基中,以抑制所述培养物中的hIL-18活性。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供抑制罹患其中IL-18活性是有害的疾病的患者体内的IL-18活性的方法。本发明提供抑制罹患所述疾病的患者体内的IL-18活性的方法,所述方法包括给予所述患者本发明的抗体或抗体部分,使得所述患者体内的L-18活性被抑制。所述IL-18最好是人IL-18,所述患者最好是病人。或者,所述患者可以是表达与本发明的抗体交叉反应的IL-18的哺乳动物。再者,所述患者可以是已导入hIL-18(例如通过给予hIL-18或表达hIL-18转基因)的哺乳动物。对于治疗目的,可以将本发明的抗体给予病人。此外,对于兽用目的或者作为人类疾病的动物模型,可以将本发明的抗体给予表达与所述抗体交叉反应的IL-18的非人类哺乳动物。关于后者,这样的动物模型可以用来评价本发明抗体的治疗效果(例如测试给药剂量和疗程)。
具体来说,一种调节动物体内的IL-18活性的动物模型采用移植人外周血单核细胞的NOD-SCID小鼠。然后,在移植后2-4周(根据血清中的人IgG效价测定),对所述小鼠注射LPS(脂多糖)。4-6小时后,测定LPS诱导的人干扰素-γ血清效价。在LPS攻击前一天注射所述抗体(ip),然后监测所述试验动物与对照动物相比的干扰素-γ血清效价的降低(IL-18体内活性的功能)(参见例如,Holmes等,Hybridoma,19:363367(2000)),测定抗IL-18抗体(例如IL-18中和抗体)的效能(效价)。
本文所用的术语“其中IL-18活性是有害的疾病”包括各种疾病和其它病症,其中患有所述疾病的患者体内存在IL-18已经证实或怀疑与所述疾病的病理生理学有关,或者为导致所述疾病恶化的因素。因此,其中IL-18活性是有害的疾病是其中预期抑制IL-18活性会缓解所述疾病的症状和/或进程的疾病。这类疾病可以例如通过罹患所述疾病的患者的生物液体中的IL-18的浓度增加(例如所述患者血清、血浆、滑膜液等中的IL-18浓度增加)来加以证实,如上所述,例如采用抗IL-18抗体可以检测IL-18。
可以用本发明抗体治疗的疾病的非限制性实例包括上述有关本发明抗体的药用组合物一节中讨论的那些疾病。
根据以下不应该解释为限制性的实施例,本发明的其它特征将是显而易见的。
实施例部分
一般而言,除非另有说明,实施本发明运用常规化学技术、分子生物学技术、重组DNA技术、PCR技术、免疫学技术(尤其是例如抗体技术)以及任何必需的细胞培养或动物管理技术,所述技术在本领域技术人员的知识范围内并且在文献中有详尽解释。参见,例如,Sambrook、Fritsch和Maniatis,Molecular Cloning:Cold Spring HarborLaboratory Press(1989);DNA Cloning,第1卷和第2卷,(D.N.Glover编著,1985);Oligonucleotide Synthesis(M.J.Gait编著,1984);PCRHandbook Current Protocols in Nucleic Acid Chemistry,Beaucage编著,John Wiley&Sons(1999)(主编);Oxford Handbook of Nucleic AcidStructure,Neidle编著,Oxford Univ Press(1999);PCR Protocols:AGuide to Methods and Applications,Innis等,Academic Press(1990);PCR Essential Techniques:Essential Techniques,Burke编著,John Wiley&Sons Ltd(1996);The PCR Technique:RT-PCR,Siebert编著,EatonPub.Co.(1998);Quantitative PCR Protocols,Kochanowski等编著,Humana Press(1999);Clinical Applications of PCR,Lo编著,HumanaPress(1998);Antibody Engineering Protocols(Mehtods in MolecularBiology),510,Paul,S.,Humana Pr(1996);Antibody Engineering:APractical Approach(Practical Approach Series,169),McCafferty编著,Irl Pr(1996);Antibodies:A Laboratory Manual,Harlow等编著,C.S.H.L.Press,Pub.(1999);Current Protocols in Molecular Biology,Ausubel等编著,John Wiley&Sons(1992);Large-Scale Mammalian Cell CultureTechnology,Lubiniecki,A.编著,Marcel Dekker,Pub.,(1990);和Manipulating the Mouse Embryo,Hogan等,C.S.H.L.Press,Pub.(1994)。
除非另有说明,全部实施例中均使用上述材料和方法。
实施例1
抗IL-18抗体的分离
通过筛选采用来源于人B细胞(例如扁桃体和脾)的mRNA的人VL cDNA和VH cDNA制备的不同scFv噬菌体展示文库,分离抗IL-18的抗体。构建文库和选择方法在Vaughan等(1996)Nature Biotech.14:309-314中有介绍。
采用全长人IL-18(SEQ ID NO:61)、IL-18的肽表位(SEQ ID NO:1-3)或一组代表IL-18的重叠15个氨基酸的肽(其表位序列示于表5中;SEQ ID NO:31-60),筛选所述文库。采用标准方法(Marks等,(1991)J.Mol.Biol.222:581-597),通过将所述抗原包被到免疫试管上以选择IL-18特异性抗体。采用IL-18、IL-18的肽表位或一组产生许多有效的IL-18特异性结合物的IL-18肽,筛选scFv文库。选择几种不同的克隆表型,通过限制性酶消化谱进行测定,然后通过DNA测序列加以证实。
为了鉴定优先结合全长IL-18或其代表性肽的IL-18抗体,用ELISA对捕获生物素的IL-18滴定含有scFv的上清液,然后测定结合特征。
获得两种抗IL-18单链抗体,一种称为2E1,该2E1是采用肽表位和一组肽独立分离的;第二种抗IL-18抗体称为LT28,该LT28是采用全长IL-18分离的。对这些亲代抗IL-18抗体进行选择,以供进一步研究和修饰用。
实施例2
抗-18抗体的亲和力成熟
对具有明确IL-18结合活性以及示于表6中的重链和轻链序列的抗体2E1的单链Fv形式进行进一步修饰,用以改进中和IL-18活性。
表6.单链抗IL-18抗体2E1的序列
表6.单链抗IL-18抗体2E1的序列(续)
采用IL-18肽和IL-18代表性的一组顺序重叠肽,独立地选择抗IL-18抗体2E1(参见表6)。
选择用以诱变的重链可变区的特定氨基酸残基概述于表7中。具体来说,对于重链区,在CDR1的位置H30、H31、H32、H33和H35、CDR2的位置H52、H52a、H53、H54、H56和H58、CDR3的位置H95、H96、H97和H98,测试单个氨基酸取代。
对于选择用以诱变的轻链氨基酸残基,在CDR1的位置L30、L31、L32和L34、CDR2的位置L50、L52、L53和L55、CDR3的位置L89、L90、L91、L92、L93、L94、L95、L95a、L95b、L96和L97,测试单个氨基酸取代。
表7.引入2E1的重链氨基酸取代
表8.引入2E1的轻链氨基酸取代
采用标准技术(Taylor等,Nucleic Acids Res.13:8764-8758(1985);Nakamaye等,Nucleic Acids Res.14:9679-9698(1986);和Olsen等,Methods in Enzymology,217:189(1993))引入取代。概括地讲,对于每个需诱变位置合成给定密码子的简并寡核苷酸。用含有抗体2E1基因的单链Fv形式的原始质粒制备单链DNA模板。亲代2E1抗体重链和轻链的核酸序列在SEQ ID NO:62和SEQ ID NO:64中提供。然后用突变寡核苷酸产生互补DNA链,最后产生双链质粒,如此在所述抗体的给定密码子中掺入简并性或不同的突变。具体来说,采用QuikChange Kit(Stratagene),按照生产商的说明,改变2E1重链和轻链的CDR3区域。
然后对得自每个诱变反应的许多代表性克隆(即7-36个克隆)测序,让代表得自亲代2E1单链抗体序列的改变的那些克隆在细菌中表达,并对其进行纯化,用于进一步如下所述的体外和体内测试。
在采用全长IL-18配体的另一个筛选中,鉴定选择出第二种抗IL-18抗体,用于采用亲和力成熟进行进一步改进。具体来说,采用上述技术,进一步修饰具有示于表9中的重链和轻链序列(和在SEQ IDNO:66和68中提供的核酸序列)的LT28抗体。
表9.单链抗IL-18抗体LT28的序列
表9.单链抗IL-18抗体LT28的序列(续)
对于重链区,在CDR1的位置H31、H32、H33和H35、CDR2的位置H50、H51、H52、H52a、H53、H54、H56和H58以及CDR3的H95、H96、H97、H98、H99、H100、H100a、H101和H102,引入氨基酸取代。
对于选择用以突变的轻链残基,在CDR1的位置L30、L31、L32、L34、CDR2的位置L50、L52、L53、L55以及位置L89、L90、L91、L92、L93、L94、L95、L95a、L95b、L96、L97,引入氨基酸取代。
表10.引入LT28的重链氨基酸取代
表11.引入LT28的轻链氨基酸取代
如上所述引入取代。然后对得自每个诱变反应的多个代表性克隆测序,并将代表来自亲代LT28单链抗体序列改变的那些克隆在细菌中表达,然后将其纯化,供如下所述的进一步测试用。
实施例3
人抗体与IL-18的结合活性
采用BIAcore系统(Pharmacia Biosensor,Piscataway,NJ),通过表面等离子体共振(SPR),测定配体(固定在生物传感器基体上的生物素化重组人IL-18(rhIL-18))和分析物(抗体溶液)之间的实时结合相互作用。所述系统利用SPR的光学性能检测葡聚糖生物传感器基体中的蛋白质浓度改变。使蛋白质以已知浓度与所述葡聚糖基体共价结合。将抗体通过所述葡聚糖基体注入,在注入抗体和固定配体间的特异性结合导致基体蛋白质浓度增加和SPR信号产生变化。SPR信号变化以共振单位(RU)记录,并相对于时间沿sensorgram的y轴显示。
为了有利于将生物素化rhIL-18固定在生物传感器基体上,首先用100mM N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)和400mM N-乙基-N’-(3-二乙基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐(EDC),使链霉抗生物素蛋白通过游离氨基与所述基体共价连接。接下来,穿过所述活化基体注入链霉抗生物素蛋白。穿过所述活化生物传感器注入35μl在乙酸钠、pH 4.5中稀释的链霉抗生物素蛋白(25μg/ml),所述蛋白上的游离胺直接与所述活化羧基结合。未反应的基体EDC-酯通过注射1M乙醇胺而去活化。另外,链霉抗生物素蛋白偶联的生物传感器芯片是可商业性获得的(Pharmacia BR-1000-16,Pharmacia Biosensor,Piscataway,NJ)。
生物素化rhIL-18如下制备:首先将5.0mg生物素(D-生物素基-ε-氨基己酸N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺酯;Boehringer Mannheim Cat.No.1008960)溶于500μl二甲亚砜中,制备10mg/ml溶液。每毫升rhIL-18加入10μl生物素(2.65mg/ml),生物素与rhIL-18的摩尔比为2∶1。将反应物温和地混合,然后于室温下避光孵育2小时。将PD-10柱子Sephadex G-25M(Pharmacia Caralog No.17-0851-01)用25ml冷PBS平衡,然后每个柱子上样2ml rhIL-18-生物素。用10x 1ml冷PBS洗脱所述柱子。收集流分,然后在OD280读数(1.0OD=1.25mg/ml)。合并合适流分,然后于-80℃贮藏待用。
将需通过链霉抗生物素蛋白固定在所述基体上的生物素化rhIL-18在补充0.05%(BIAcore)表面活性剂P20(PharmaciaBR-1000-54,Pharmacia Biosensor,Piscataway,NJ)的PBS运行缓冲液(Gibco Cat.No.14190-144,Gibco BRL,Grand Island,NY)中稀释。为了测定rhIL-18特异性抗体结合固定化rhIL-18的能力,如下进行结合测定。等份生物素化rhIL-18(25nM;10μl等份样品)以流速5μl/min注射通过链霉抗生物素蛋白偶联的葡聚糖基体。注入所述蛋白之前和不久以后,PBS缓冲液单独流过每个流式测定池。在基线和完成生物素化rhIL-18注入后约30秒之间信号的净差值代表结合值。测定直接与固定生物素化rhIL-18结合的rhIL-18特异性抗体。将抗体(20μg/ml)在PBS运行缓冲液中稀释,将25μl等份样品以流速5μl/min注射通过所述固定化蛋白质基体。注入抗体之前和不久以后,PBS缓冲液单独流过每个流式测定池。在基线信号和完成抗体注入后的信号的净差值代表所述特定样品的结合值。在注入下一个样品前,生物传感器基体用100mM HCl再生。为了测定解离速率(Koff)常数、缔合速率(Kon)常数、缔合速率(Ka)常数和解离速率(Kd)常数,运用BIAcore动力学评价软件(version 2.1)。
与亲代抗体2E1和LT28(和小鼠对照)相比,改进候选抗IL-18抗体与生物素化rhIL-18结合的代表性结果示于下表12中。为了比较,也包括基于细胞的中和测定的IC50值,这些均在实施例4中有描述。所有克隆均作为单链Fv抗体制备,用以采用Biacore分析进行测试,基于细胞的测定如下所述。列出的亲代克隆包含未突变的亲代重链和轻链,而单链突变体含有一条亲代链和一条突变链,其中所述突变链以重(H)链或轻(L)链显示,其后氨基酸取代的Kabat位置和性质。
表12.来源于2E1和LT28的抗IL-18抗体的结合
*某些数值为与亲代相比改进的倍数。
实施例4
抗IL-18抗体的中和活性
为了检查本发明的抗人IL-18抗体的中和活性,使用本领域公知的测定来监测IL-18活性。
概括地讲,所述测定利用按照标准技术培养的KG1细胞(ATCC#CCL-246,髓性白血病骨髓细胞)(例如使用RPMI 1640培养基Gibco#21870-076;(补充10%胎牛血清(BioWhittaker#14-501F);2mML谷氨酰胺(Gibco#25030-081);50单位/ml青霉素,50μg/ml链霉素(Gibco#15070-063)和.075%碳酸氢钠)。
为了测试对IL-18的中和作用,用20ng/ml hTNF-α(Lot#19130132)刺激的3x 10E5KG-1细胞与50μl抗IL-18抗体(4x Conc.)和50μlIL-18(4xConc.=8ng/ml)一起孵育并且于37℃孵育1小时或16-20小时。为了测定随诱导的hIFN-γ产生而发生中和作用的IL-18含量,采用市售Elisa Kit(R&D#DIF00/Endogen#EH-IFNG),按照生产商的说明,进行ELISA,然后根据标准曲线计算hIFN-γ的产量(pg/ml)。
总之,4种突变抗体,即2E1衍生的L34S、H53R、H53Y和H58Q比亲代2E1抗体显示更强的IL-18中和效力(参见表12)。采用KG-1测定IC50值改进2-5倍,并且采用BIAcore分析测得相似的改进结合结果。
也制备出各种突变组合的克隆,并对其进行测试,该数据概述于表12中。最佳组合克隆L34S-H53R在基于KG-1细胞的测定和采用BIAcore分析两者显示比亲代抗体2E1有10倍改进。将所得抗体命名为2E1RS。
根据采用KG-1测定确定,2E1的几个其它突变克隆显示效能增强,即IL-18中和作用增强。突变体L95Y比亲代2E1抗体IC50值增加5-8倍。几个其它突变体提高2-3倍,它们是2E1突变体H96A、H96Q、H96S、H98S、L90C、L90W、L93C、L94P、L94P、L94Q、L94R、L94W、L95R、L95aA、L95aH、L95aP、L95aR、L95aW、L95bE、L95bW、L95bY、L97C和L97E。
也比较了2E1以ScFv抗体或IgG抗体形式的结合(参见图5)。
再者,衍生自LT28亲代的两个突变体与所述亲代抗体相比,其IL-18中和活性改善。
这些结果证明完全人IL-18中和抗体可以采用本发明的方法和组合物获得。
等同实施方案
本领域技术人员知道,或者采用常规实验能够确定与本文所述的本发明的具体实施方案等同的许多实施方案。下文的权利要求将包括这样的等同实施方案。
Claims (26)
1.能够结合人IL-18的人单克隆抗体或其抗原结合部分。
2.权利要求1的抗体,其中根据表面等离子体共振测定,所述抗体或其抗原结合部分与人IL-18解离的koff速率常数为0.1s-1或0.1s-1以下;或者它抑制人IL-18活性的IC50为1x 10-6M或1x 10-6M以下。
3.权利要求1的抗体,其中根据表面等离子体共振测定,所述抗体或其抗原结合部分与人IL-18解离的koff速率常数为1x 10-2s-1或1x10-2s-1以下;或者它抑制人IL-18活性的IC50为1x 10-7M或1x 10-7M以下。
4.权利要求1的抗体,其中根据表面等离子体共振测定,所述抗体或其抗原结合部分与人IL-18解离的koff速率常数为1x 10-3s-1或1x10-3s-1以下;或者它抑制人IL-18活性的IC50为1x 10-8M或1x 10-8M以下。
5.权利要求1的抗体,其中根据表面等离子体共振测定,所述抗体或其抗原结合部分与人IL-18解离的koff速率常数为1x 10-4s-1或1x10-4s-1以下;或者它抑制人IL-18活性的IC50为1x 10-9M或1x 10-9M以下。
6.权利要求1的抗体,其中根据表面等离子体共振测定,所述抗体或其抗原结合部分与人IL-18解离的koff速率常数为1x 10-5s-1或1x10-5s-1以下;或者它抑制人IL-18活性的IC50为1x 10-10M或1x 10-10M以下。
7.权利要求1的抗体,其中根据表面等离子体共振测定,所述抗体或其抗原结合部分与人IL-18解离的koff速率常数为1x 10-6s-1或1x10-6s-1以下;或者它抑制人IL-18活性的IC50为1x 10-11M或1x 10-11M以下。
8.权利要求1的抗体或其抗原结合部分,其中所述抗体是中和抗体。
9.权利要求1的抗体或其抗原结合部分,其中所述抗体是重组抗体。
10.分离的核酸,所述核酸编码权利要求1-9中任一项的抗体或其抗原结合部分。
11.权利要求10的分离核酸,所述核酸位于重组表达载体内。
12.宿主细胞,所述宿主细胞内已经导入了权利要求11的重组表达载体。
13.合成结合人IL-18的人抗体的方法,所述方法包括在培养基中培养权利要求12的宿主细胞,直到所述细胞合成结合人IL-18的人抗体为止。
14.药用组合物,所述组合物包含权利要求1-9中任一项的抗体或其抗原结合部分和药学上可接受的载体。
15.权利要求14的药用组合物,所述组合物还包含至少一种另外的治疗药物。
16.权利要求15的药用组合物,其中所述另外的药物选自能够结合人IL-12的抗体或其片段、氨甲蝶呤、抗TNF、皮质类固醇、环孢菌素、雷帕霉素、FK506和非甾体消炎药。
17.用于治疗自身免疫病症的权利要求14-16中任一项的药用组合物。
18.制备结合人白介素-18(IL-18)的人抗体的方法,所述方法包括:
将人抗体库暴露于包含人IL-18表位或其部分的抗原;
从所述人抗体库选择结合人IL-18表位或其部分的人抗体。
19.权利要求18的方法,其中所述抗体库是动物体内抗体库,并且所述方法包括用包含人IL-18表位或其部分的抗原免疫所述动物。
20.权利要求19的方法,其中所述体内抗体库是整合入所述动物基因组中的完全人免疫球蛋白库。
21.在体外降低人IL-18活性的方法,所述方法包括将人IL-18与权利要求1-9中任一项的抗体或其抗原结合部分接触,使得人IL-18活性被降低的步骤。
22.权利要求1-9中任一项的抗体或其抗原结合部分在制备用于治疗罹患自身免疫病的人个体的药物中的用途。
23.权利要求23的用途,其中所述自身免疫病选自哮喘、系统性红斑狼疮、骨关节炎、牛皮癣性关节炎和牛皮癣。
24.权利要求1-9中任一项的抗体或其抗原结合部分在制备用于抑制人IL-18活性的药物中的用途。
25.权利要求1-9中任一项的抗体或其抗原结合部分在制备用于治疗罹患自身免疫病的患者的药物中的用途,其中权利要求1-9中任一项的抗体或其抗原结合部分在给予第二种药物之前、同时或之后给予,其中所述第二种药物选自抗IL-12抗体或其抗原结合片段、氨甲蝶呤、抗TNF抗体或其抗原结合片段、皮质类固醇、环孢菌素、雷帕霉素、FK506和非甾体消炎药。
26.权利要求25的用途,其中所述自身免疫病选自哮喘、SLE、骨关节炎、牛皮癣性关节炎和牛皮癣。
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WO2024243819A1 (zh) * | 2023-05-30 | 2024-12-05 | 上海洛启生物医药技术有限公司 | 抗白介素18受体的纳米抗体及其应用 |
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