CN102198641B - Super-hard abrasive grinding wheel with head face having abrasives in phyllotaxis arrangement and production method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The superabrasive grinding wheel with phyllotaxy arrangement abrasive end face of the present invention comprises a grinding wheel base body, the working surface of the grinding wheel base body has a plurality of abrasive particles or groups of abrasive particles conforming to the theory of biological phyllotaxy, and the plurality of abrasive particles or groups of abrasive particles pass through the metal The bonding agent is fixed on the grinding wheel substrate, and multiple abrasive grains or groups of abrasive grains form multiple counterclockwise leaf line grooves and multiple clockwise leaf line grooves according to the biological phyllotaxy theory. The invention can ensure that the arrangement of abrasive particles or groups of abrasive particles on the working surface of the grinding wheel complies with the H. Vogel model of the phyllotaxy theory, and realizes the controllability of the topography of the working surface of the grinding wheel. Abrasives are consolidated using nickel or nickel-cobalt alloy as a binder. The grinding wheel can control the cutting state of abrasive grains, the distribution of coolant and the distribution of grinding temperature in the grinding area to achieve the minimum grinding force and specific energy consumption, the minimum grinding temperature and burns, the minimum grinding wheel wear and the best The surface integrity of the workpiece, etc., improves the comprehensive grinding performance of the end face grinding of the superabrasive grinding wheel.

Description

Superabrasive grinding wheel with phyllotaxy arrangement abrasive end face and production method thereof

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of high-efficiency precision grinding, and is a novel design and manufacturing method of superhard abrasives. The characteristic of this grinding wheel is that the phyllotaxy theory in biology is applied to the design and manufacture of grinding wheels in grinding processing, so that the surface morphology of superabrasive grinding wheels for end grinding meets the H. Vogel model of sunflower seed distribution. Mainly used in the manufacturing process of grinding optical parts, semiconductor wafers, ceramic parts and difficult-to-machine metal material parts, etc., it can obtain high surface integrity, reduce grinding heat damage, grinding force and specific energy consumption, Improving the service life and grinding efficiency of grinding wheels is of great significance for efficient and precise grinding of precision parts.

Background technique

Grinding is an important processing technology in mechanical manufacturing. With the continuous improvement of the precision, reliability and service life of mechanical products, the application of difficult-to-machine metal materials, engineering ceramic materials, optical crystal materials and semiconductor materials has increased, and many new challenges have been raised for grinding. Hard abrasive abrasives have been widely developed and used. According to the grinding principle, there are many factors that affect the grinding process, such as abrasive grain size, effective abrasive grain number, cutting thickness, cutting width, and contact arc length. Among the many influencing factors, the distribution of abrasive grains on the surface of the grinding wheel has the greatest impact on the machining accuracy. At present, the abrasive distribution on the surface of the superabrasive grinding wheel is a random distribution, and it is uncontrollable. Random distribution brings about invalid grinding edges and increased specific energy consumption of grinding, as well as major problems of grinding wheel clogging and grinding surface damage. Therefore, how to realize controllable engineering of grinding wheel surface is the key technology in the field.

In recent years, studies on the orderly arrangement of abrasive grains and grooved grinding wheels have shown that the specific topographical characteristics of the grinding wheel and the structure of the grinding wheel have a significant effect on improving the grinding performance of the grinding wheel, but the rational selection of the design parameters of the grinding wheel surface lack of theoretical basis. If the parameters are not selected properly, it will cause grinding instability and low grinding efficiency. Therefore, the present invention designs and manufactures the arrangement of abrasives on the working surface of the grinding wheel based on the theory of phyllotaxy arrangement obtained from the biological evolution results, realizes the controllability of the distribution of abrasives on the surface of the grinding wheel, and solves the above-mentioned problems in grinding. Realize high-efficiency and precise grinding of superabrasive grinding wheels for end face grinding.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a superabrasive grinding wheel with phyllotaxy arrangement abrasive end face and its production method in order to solve the above-mentioned problems in grinding

The technical solutions adopted are:

The superabrasive grinding wheel with phyllotaxy arrangement abrasive end face of the present invention comprises a grinding wheel base, which is characterized in that the working surface of the grinding wheel base has a plurality of abrasive grains or abrasive grain families conforming to the biological phyllotaxy theory, and a plurality of abrasive grains Or the abrasive grain family is fixed on the grinding wheel substrate through a metal bond, and multiple abrasive grains or abrasive grain families form multiple counterclockwise leaf line grooves and multiple clockwise leaf line grooves according to the biological phyllotaxy theory .

The production method of the phyllotaxy arrangement abrasive end face superabrasive grinding wheel of the present invention comprises the following process:

Firstly, design and manufacture the base of the grinding wheel. The material of the base of the grinding wheel is carbon steel. The hardness of the base of the grinding wheel is above HRC40, and the diameter can be determined according to the requirements of use; then, the abrasives (coarse-grained abrasives) are arranged according to the leaf sequence designed on the surface of the grinding wheel. Arrangement of abrasive grains, fine-grained abrasives are arranged in groups of multiple abrasive grains as arrangement points) pattern to manufacture a photolithographic mask; after that, the grinding wheel substrate is coated with ultraviolet photoresist, and the template is used under ultraviolet light Mask photolithography and curing; finally, the electroplating process of electroplated superabrasive grinding wheel is used for pre-plating substrate, sand placement, thickening electroplating and pre- and post-processing processes to obtain phyllotaxic arrangement of abrasive grains or super abrasive grains for end face grinding. Hard abrasive wheels. Such a manufacturing process method can realize the controllability of the phyllotaxic arrangement of abrasive grains or abrasive groups.

The invention can ensure that the arrangement of abrasive particles or groups of abrasive particles on the working surface of the grinding wheel conforms to the H. Vogel model of the phyllotaxy theory, and realizes the controllability of the topography of the working surface of the grinding wheel. Abrasives are consolidated using nickel or nickel-cobalt alloy as a binder. The grinding wheel can control the cutting state of abrasive grains, the distribution of coolant and the distribution of grinding temperature in the grinding area to achieve the minimum grinding force and specific energy consumption, the minimum grinding temperature and burns, the minimum grinding wheel wear and the best The surface integrity of the workpiece, etc., improves the comprehensive grinding performance of the end face grinding of the superabrasive grinding wheel.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of abrasive grains or abrasive grain family phyllodes arrangement grinding wheel.

Fig. 2 is a flow chart of the electroplating manufacturing process of the grinding wheel with phyllotaxy arrangement of abrasive grains.

Detailed ways

The superabrasive grinding wheel with phyllotaxy arrangement abrasive end face of the present invention comprises a grinding wheel base body 1, the working surface of the grinding wheel base body 1 has a plurality of abrasive grains 2 conforming to the biological phyllotaxy theory, and the plurality of abrasive grains 2 are fixed on the surface by a nickel bond On the grinding wheel substrate 1. A plurality of abrasive grains 2 form a plurality of counterclockwise alignment grooves 3 and a plurality of clockwise alignment grooves 4 according to the biological phyllotaxy theory.

，籽粒块极坐标径向位置满足。其中n是籽粒的序数，k是生长系数。H.Vogel 模型是典型的描述葵花籽粒结构排布规律的模型。葵花籽粒结构的排布具有表面对热辐射的最大吸收，形成的斜列线螺旋沟槽对流体作用时有发散效应的特征，籽粒的几何排布满足黄金分割律。这些为砂轮表面合理化排布磨料，实现砂轮高性能化提供了可观可行性。在砂轮表面工程化设计时，可以把一个磨粒或多个磨粒所组成的磨粒族作为一个籽粒点进行排布，形成具有叶序排布磨料的超硬砂轮。通过改变H.Vogel 模型中的相关参数实现磨粒或磨粒族排布的可控性，从而获得最优化的端面磨削用超硬磨料砂轮，提高其磨削性能。 Biological phyllotaxy theory H. Vogel model, that is, the polar coordinate angle of the plant grain satisfies

, the radial position of the polar coordinates of the grain block satisfies . where n is the ordinal number of the kernel and k is the growth coefficient. The H. Vogel model is a typical model describing the structure and arrangement of sunflower seeds. The arrangement of the sunflower grain structure has the maximum absorption of heat radiation on the surface, and the formed oblique helical groove has the characteristics of divergence effect when acting on the fluid, and the geometric arrangement of the grain satisfies the law of the golden section. These provide considerable feasibility for the rational arrangement of abrasives on the surface of the grinding wheel and the realization of high performance of the grinding wheel. In the engineering design of the grinding wheel surface, one abrasive grain or a group of abrasive grains composed of multiple abrasive grains can be arranged as a grain point to form a superhard grinding wheel with phyllodesically arranged abrasives. By changing the relevant parameters in the H.Vogel model, the controllability of the arrangement of abrasive grains or abrasive grain groups can be realized, so as to obtain the optimal superabrasive grinding wheel for end grinding and improve its grinding performance.

The production method of the phyllotaxy arrangement abrasive end face superabrasive grinding wheel of the present invention comprises the following process:

，

）制作出按叶序理论排布的图案，并通过制版机制作掩膜版。 1). Using CAD software based on the H.Vogel model (

,

) to make a pattern arranged according to the phyllotaxy theory, and make a mask plate through the plate making machine.

2). Design the matrix structure of the abrasive grain phyllotaxy arrangement grinding wheel. The matrix material can be medium carbon steel, carbon tool steel, alloy steel or bearing steel, etc., the heat treatment hardness of the coated superabrasive surface is greater than HRC40, the diameter can be determined according to actual needs, and other dimensions and structures of the matrix can be determined according to specific actual needs Sure.

3). Manufacture the grinding wheel according to the technological process in Fig. 2. The relevant descriptions of each process are as follows:

的电源，电极为石墨，先阴极处理1分钟，然后阳极处理3分钟。溶剂除油是采用丙酮溶剂擦洗。 a) Photolithographic phyllotaxy pattern: deburring the working surface of the grinding wheel (using sandpaper) → electrochemical degreasing and solvent treatment → drying → coating UV photosensitive adhesive (SU8 or photosensitive ink) → drying and curing → mask exposure (You can use the film plate with the printed phyllotaxy pattern to cover the UV photosensitive dry film, and then use the UV lamp to expose)→Development (put it into the developer solution, and the developer is mixed with water at a ratio of 1:100)→ Wash and dry. The electrochemical degreasing agent formula for electrochemical degreasing is sodium hydroxide 16g/L, sodium carbonate 40g/L, sodium phosphate 16g/L; The temperature is 50 ℃ ~ 60 ℃, the current density is 10

The power supply, the electrode is graphite, and the cathode is treated for 1 minute, and then the anode is treated for 3 minutes. Solvent degreasing is scrubbing with acetone solvent.

b). The surface of the substrate is coated with non-conductive insulating glue.

氯化镍30～60 g/L；硫酸钴8 g/L；硼酸35～40g/L；十二烷基硫酸钠0.05～0.1g/L；1，4-丁炔醇0.3g/L；糖精0.8 g/L； c). Preparation of electroplating solution: nickel sulfate 250g/L～300g/L

Nickel chloride 30-60 g/L; cobalt sulfate 8 g/L; boric acid 35-40 g/L; sodium lauryl sulfate 0.05-0.1 g/L; 1,4-butynol 0.3 g/L; saccharin 0.8g/L;

d). Pre-plating treatment: pickling (hydrochloric acid, volume ratio 1:1) → cold water rinse → anodic treatment (anodic treatment solution: sulfuric acid, mixed with water at a volume ratio of 2:3; when the solution temperature is 20 ℃ ~ 30 ℃, the current density is 25 Under the action of current, graphite is used for the negative electrode of the power supply, and the positive electrode is connected to the grinding wheel substrate, and the power is applied for 3 minutes)→Rinse into the electroplating tank for electroplating.

e). Pretreatment of abrasive grains: Soak in acetone for 10 minutes, then cook in dilute nitric acid for 30 minutes → cool → rinse with distilled water until neutral → soak in electroplating solution for use.

，加厚厚度为磨粒的2/3高度。 f). Electroplating process: the substrate is connected to the cathode, and the nickel plate is connected to the anode. The process conditions of electroplating are that the pH value of the electroplating solution is 3-5, and the temperature is 45°C-60°C. The current density of pre-plating and sanding is 0.25-0.5, and the thickness of sanding is about 10% of the average radius of abrasive grains; the current density of thickening is 1-2

, the thickened thickness is 2/3 of the height of the abrasive grains.

g). Post-processing: stripping (using the stripping agent solution, the stripping agent is mixed with water at a ratio of 1:60) to remove the glue layer, clean, and form a phyllotaxic arrangement of abrasive grains or abrasive grain group electroplating bond superhard grinding wheels.

Claims (1)

1. The production method of the superabrasive emery wheel of phyllotaxy arrangement abrasive end face, it is characterized in that comprising following technological process: 1). Utilize CAD software based on H.Vogel model

,

Make a pattern arranged according to the phyllotaxy theory, and make a mask plate through a plate making machine; n is the ordinal number of the grain, and k is the growth coefficient; 2). Design the matrix structure of the abrasive grain phyllotaxy arrangement grinding wheel. The matrix material is medium carbon steel, carbon tool steel, alloy steel or bearing steel. The heat treatment hardness of the coated superabrasive surface is greater than HRC40, and the diameter is based on actual needs. Determined, other dimensions and structures of the matrix are determined according to specific actual needs; 3). Manufacture the grinding wheel according to the following process flow: design and manufacture of the grinding wheel substrate → design and plate making of the phyllotaxy arrangement of the abrasive → electrochemical degreasing and solvent degreasing of the substrate → spin coating photosensitive adhesive and exposure → develop and form a phyllotaxy mask Membrane substrate → pickling of phyllotaxy mask substrate → phyllotaxy mask substrate activation treatment → phyllotaxy mask substrate pre-plating treatment → electroplating sand on the surface of the substrate → thickening of binder coating → removing mask glue and cleaning to form phyllotaxy grinding wheel , before the step of electroplating sand on the surface of the substrate, pre-treatment of abrasive grain plating is carried out; the relevant descriptions of each process are as follows: a) Photolithographic phyllotaxy arrangement pattern: use sandpaper to deburr the working surface of the grinding wheel → electrochemical degreasing and solvent treatment → dry → apply UV photosensitive adhesive → dry and cure → mask exposure: use the printed phyllotaxy arrangement The film plate of the pattern is covered on the ultraviolet photosensitive dry film, and then exposed by the ultraviolet lamp → development: put it into the developer solution, and the developer is mixed with water at a ratio of 1:100 → cleaning and drying; Electrochemical degreasing The chemical degreaser formula is: sodium hydroxide 16g/L, sodium carbonate 40g/L, sodium phosphate 16g/L; when degreasing, the grinding wheel substrate is hung in the electrochemical degreaser solution, and the solution temperature is 50℃～60℃ ℃, the on-current density is 10

The power supply, the electrode is graphite, and the cathode is treated for 1 minute, and then the anode is treated for 3 minutes. The solvent treatment is scrubbed with acetone solvent; b). The surface of the substrate is coated with non-conductive insulating glue; c). Preparation of electroplating solution: nickel sulfate 250g/L～300g/L; nickel chloride 30～60 g/L; cobalt sulfate 8 g/L; boric acid 35～40g/L; sodium lauryl sulfate 0.05～0.1 g/L; 1,4-butynol 0.3g/L; saccharin 0.8 g/L; d). Pre-plating treatment: pickling: hydrochloric acid, the volume ratio is 1:1 → cold water washing → anodic treatment: anodic treatment solution: sulfuric acid, mixed with water at the volume ratio of 2:3; the solution temperature is 20 ℃ ~ 30 ℃ , the current density is 25

Under the action of high current, graphite is used for the negative electrode of the power supply, and the positive electrode is connected to the grinding wheel substrate. Power on for 3 minutes → rinse into the electroplating tank for electroplating; e). Pretreatment of abrasive grains: Soak in acetone for 10 minutes, then cook in dilute nitric acid for 30 minutes → cool → rinse with distilled water until neutral → soak in electroplating solution for use; f). Electroplating process: the substrate is connected to the cathode, and the nickel plate is connected to the anode; the electroplating process conditions are that the pH value of the electroplating solution is 3-5, the temperature is 45°C-60°C, and the current density of pre-plating and sanding is 0.25-0.5

, the thickness of the upper sand is 10% of the average radius of the abrasive grains; the thickened current density is 1 to 2

, the thickened thickness is 2/3 of the height of the abrasive grains; g). Post-processing: Molding: use the release agent solution, the release agent is mixed with water at 1:60 to remove the adhesive layer, wash, and form a superabrasive grinding wheel for phyllotaxy arrangement of abrasives on the end face.

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