CN102187944B - Solid fermentation method of Chinese herbal medicine feed additive - Google Patents

Abstract

A solid fermentation method for Chinese herbal medicine feed additives, which is to grind various Chinese herbal medicines respectively and mix them in proportion, and add wheat bran, glucose and ammonium sulfate, mix evenly, adjust the water content, sterilize, cool, and select white mycelia and raw materials. The shiitake mushroom mycelia in the shiitake mushroom chaff that is firm, mildew-free and rotten is used as a fermented seed and inoculated for fermentation. After the fermentation is completed, it is dried at low temperature and crushed. This product can not only improve the micro-ecological structure of the intestinal tract of animals, but also contain biologically active substances such as lentinan, bacterial protein, various trace elements and cellulase, mannanase, xylanase, etc., which can improve animal nutrition and Improve the conversion rate of feed, and have no side effects on livestock, humans and the environment. Long-term use will not produce drug resistance. It can prevent animal diseases and promote animal growth. It is very important for the development of my country's green livestock and poultry industry and to meet people's food safety needs. has important practical significance.

Description

Solid fermentation method of Chinese herbal medicine feed additive

Technical field:

The invention belongs to the field of feed additive production, and in particular relates to a solid fermentation method of a Chinese herbal medicine feed additive.

Background technique:

With the rapid development of science and technology, a large number of artificially synthesized chemical additives such as growth-stimulating hormones, insect repellents, hormones, flavoring agents, feed preservatives, metal elements, etc. are commonly added to livestock, poultry and aquatic feeds. The application of these additives has undoubtedly played a huge role in promoting animal husbandry and aquaculture, but with the deepening of research and problems in production, people have gradually realized the negative effects of these additives, especially antibiotics and The extensive use of illegal drugs has led to the emergence of drug resistance in pathogenic bacteria and the residue of antibiotics in livestock and poultry products, seriously affecting the quality of livestock, poultry and aquatic products and the meat safety of consumers. Internationally, the dioxin pollution in Belgium and the mad cow disease caused by meat and bone meal fed to animals in the UK have caused devastating blows to the breeding industry in countries all over the world, especially the UK and France. Domestically, from 1988 when Hong Kong residents were poisoned by eating pork offal from the mainland to Hong Kong, in early 2001, the European Union had a trade dispute due to excessive chloramphenicol residues in meat exported from my country, which led to the EU banning the import of animal food from my country. Although my country's livestock, poultry and aquatic products have a relatively large price advantage in the international market, due to the problems of drug and heavy metal residues, the market prospect is not optimistic. With the increasing emphasis on food safety, how to improve the quality of livestock, poultry and aquatic products, reduce drug residues, reduce or even prohibit the use of antibiotics and other drugs as additives, and produce antibiotic-free and safe food is the development trend of the international agricultural product market. .

Chinese herbal medicine feed additive is the product of my country's unique Chinese veterinary medicine theory, the physical properties and relationship between Chinese herbal medicines and the practice. It is a natural medicine without residue and drug resistance that can promote the digestion and absorption of nutrients. Studies have shown that Chinese herbal medicine feed additives contain a variety of amino acids, vitamins, trace elements and biologically active substances, which can regulate the body's immune function, enhance metabolism, and promote the synthesis of proteins and enzymes, thereby improving the body's disease resistance, promoting animal growth and development, and improving production. Improve performance and reproductive capacity, shorten feeding cycle, improve feed remuneration and quality of livestock and poultry products. Therefore, the application of Chinese herbal medicine feed additives to prevent and control livestock, poultry and aquatic animal diseases fully meets the requirements of safe food production, which is not only beneficial to human survival and health, but also meets the requirements of product export, which is of great significance to the development of the breeding industry. However, the current application of Chinese herbal feed additives has problems such as single dosage form, rough quality, difficult to control dosage, unstable effect, poor palatability, certain side effects and backward production technology.

Mushroom bran refers to the cultivation of cottonseed hulls, sawdust, straw, corncobs, bagasse, various crop straws, and industrial waste (such as distiller's grains, vinegar grains, waste liquid from paper mills, waste liquid from pharmaceutical factories, etc.) Discarded medium after eating mushrooms. Bacteria bran is also rich in amino acids, polybran and trace elements such as iron, calcium, zinc, magnesium, and some metabolites such as trace phenolic substances, a small amount of alkaloids, flavonoids and glycosides, as well as organic acids, polypeptide derivatives, etc. . Polysaccharides have anticoagulation, detoxification and immune effects; saponin derivatives have antibacterial effects. These substances constitute the disease resistance system, which can improve the disease resistance of livestock and poultry. Phytosterols and their derivatives can regulate the metabolic function of livestock and poultry and promote their physiological functions. In short, the rich nutrients contained in the fungus chaff determine that the fungus chaff feed can be used to feed livestock and poultry.

Microorganisms have a very rich enzyme system and have a strong ability to decompose and transform substances. Fermenting Chinese herbal medicine with microorganisms, especially edible fungi, may biotransform the chemical components of Chinese herbal medicine, produce new compounds or cause changes in the content of some components in Chinese herbal medicine. In addition, during the process of microbial fermentation of Chinese herbal medicines, some components in Chinese herbal medicines can induce changes in certain metabolic pathways of microorganisms, thereby producing new compounds. Traditional Chinese herbal medicine fermentation is mostly carried out under natural conditions, while modern Chinese herbal medicine fermentation technology is gradually formed after fully absorbing modern microecology and combining modern bioengineering fermentation technology. The mechanism of its action is: Enzyme is a kind of biocatalyst with high catalytic efficiency, which can make complex chemical reactions complete rapidly under normal temperature and pressure. In the process of growth and metabolism, microorganisms can not only produce physiologically active microbial polysaccharides, but also produce biologically active substances such as cellulase, mannanase, xylanase, antibiotics, growth-promoting hormones, etc., especially the various Enzymes can transform the ingredients in Chinese herbal medicines into new active ingredients, produce new medicinal effects, decompose the toxic substances in Chinese herbal medicines, reduce the toxic and side effects of medicines, and can also convert cellulose, semi Macromolecular substances such as cellulose and lignin are converted into small molecular substances. At present, the reports on domestic traditional Chinese medicine fermentation mainly focus on the self-fermentation of medicinal fungi such as Ganoderma lucidum, Cordyceps sinensis, Poria cocos, etc., or the changes in the components of traditional Chinese medicine after fermentation. For the fermentation of Chinese herbal medicine feed additives, after searching, Chinese patents such as CN1831107A, CN101116473A, CN1853497A, and CN1706272A etc. all disclose the solid fermentation method of Chinese herbal medicine feed additives, but these methods mostly adopt mixed bacteria solid fermentation, and there is growth and Reproductive status, fermentation process is difficult to control, and product effects are unstable; China Feed [2010, 419 (15): 13-17] literature discloses that Aspergillus oryzae isolated from different Chinese herbal medicines ferments Chinese herbal medicine feed additives, and obtains The antibacterial activity of the fermented cooking liquid against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Proteus vulgaris and Salmonella typhimurium increased by 36.03%, 60.83%, 27.64% and 41.32% respectively compared with the control, and the activities of CMCase, FPA and protease reached 9653% respectively. , 971 and 6357U/g research results, but this method has defects such as that the strain cannot produce active polysaccharides during the growth process, the production process is complicated, and the finished product presents light green spores. However, there is no literature report at home and abroad on the research on the use of edible fungus chaff as a fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive.

Invention content:

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a solid fermentation method for Chinese herbal medicine feed additives in view of the deficiencies in the existing solid fermentation technology of Chinese herbal medicine feed additives and the needs of livestock and poultry and aquaculture. The strain itself has the characteristics of large enzyme system and production of active polysaccharides, simple and easy-to-control production process, low cost and energy consumption, and easy mass production.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is: a kind of solid fermentation method of Chinese herbal medicine feed additive, comprises the following steps:

(1) Grind each Chinese herbal medicine to 80-100 mesh, and take 15-20% Astragalus, 10-15% Angelica, 10-13% Caulis Spatholobus, 5-8% Eucommia Eucommia, 10-15% Atractylodes Rhizoma, and honeysuckle by weight percentage 2-5%, Guanzhong 3-5%, Houttuynia cordata 8-10%, and motherwort 2-5%, then add wheat bran 5-10%, glucose 1.5-2%, ammonium sulfate 1-2%, mix Evenly, adjust the water content to 45-55%, sterilize at 100-110°C for 25-30min, and cool to room temperature to obtain a solid medium;

(2) Add 15-20% of the inoculation weight to the above-mentioned solid culture medium, and add mushroom chaff with white hyphae, solid material, no mildew and rot, mix well, place in a sterilized fermentation tray, cover Plastic film, fermented at 22-26°C for 6-7d, then dried at 45-60°C for 6-8h, crushed.

The above-mentioned champignons of mushrooms are wastes from the production of champignons, and the fermented strain is the hyphae of champignons in champignons of champignons. Lentinula edodes is a prior art, and the preservation number is: Lentinula edodes: ACCC 50182, ACCC 50171 or CICC 50106.

The disinfection of the above-mentioned fermentation shallow dish refers to 20-30min of irradiating with ultraviolet rays.

When the feed additive of the present invention is added to the feed, it is added by 0.2-0.5% of the total weight of the feed.

The effect of the additives prepared by the method of the present invention on growing pigs, piglets, and fattening pigs etc. in animal feed is illustrated below with specific data: (taking growing pigs as an example below)

A total of 30 Du long-term three-way cross-breeding growing pigs with similar body weight and half male and female were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups with 10 pigs in each group. There was no significant difference in initial weight among the experimental groups. The same basic diet was pre-tested for 3 days. During the pre-test period, the experimental pigs were earmarked, dewormed and vaccinated. Entering the test period, the feeding method is group feeding, feeding 3 times a day, feeding wet mix, drinking water freely, and other management is carried out according to conventional methods.

The test is divided into 3 groups, the control group adds unfermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive in the basal ration, and the test group I and test group II add 0.25% and 0.4% of the fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive of the present invention in the basal ration respectively , The test time is 45d.

The unfermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive refers to: crush each Chinese herbal medicine to 80-100 meshes, take 15-20% of Astragalus, 10-15% of Angelica, 10-13% of Miltonia Spatholobus, 5-8% of Eucommia, Atractylodes macrocephala 10-15%, honeysuckle 2-5%, Guanzhong 3-5%, Houttuynia cordata 8-10%, motherwort 2-5%, then add wheat bran 5-10%, glucose 1.5-2%, sulfuric acid Ammonium 1-2%, mix well, adjust water content to 45-55%, sterilize at 100-110°C for 25-30min, cool to room temperature.

During the experiment, the appetite, feces and health of the pigs were observed, and the pigs were found to be diagnosed and treated in time. Observe and record the number of diarrhea and feed consumption of piglets before feeding every day, weigh the individual on an empty stomach at 7:00 at the beginning and end of the test, and calculate the daily gain and feed-to-weight ratio. The results are shown in Table 1 below:

Table 1 The influence of fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive of the present invention on the growth of growing pigs

It can be seen from the above table that the average end weight of the test growing pigs in the test groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ is higher than that of the control group; the average daily gain of the test groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ is 17.59% and 16.74% higher than that of the control group; Compared with the control group, the feed weight was reduced by 14.95% and 17.61%; the diarrhea rate of the test group Ⅰ and Ⅱ was 41.9% and 49.52% lower than that of the control group, respectively, and the difference between the test group Ⅰ and the test group Ⅱ was not significant. This shows that the fermented feed additive of the present invention can improve the digestion and absorption rate of feed, improve the conversion rate of feed, improve animal immunity, prevent and treat animal diseases and promote animal growth.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

(1) The fermentation strain used in the method of the present invention is the mushroom hyphae in the shiitake mushroom chaff, the strain enzyme system is rich, can produce cellulase, mannanase, xylanase, etc., and can fully destroy the cell wall of Chinese herbal medicine , so that the active ingredients in the Chinese herbal medicine are fully released, and the efficacy of the Chinese herbal medicine is maximized. At the same time, the various enzymes produced by the mycelium of shiitake mushrooms during the growth process can improve the digestion and absorption rate of feed.

(2) The Chinese herbal medicine feed additive produced by the method of the present invention contains fungal active polysaccharides that can improve animal immunity, promote animal growth and improve animal gastrointestinal tract environment.

(3) The method of the present invention uses a single bacterial strain for fermentation. Compared with mixed microbial fermentation, the production process is simple and the product quality is easy to control.

(4) The strains used in the method of the present invention are the wastes produced by shiitake mushrooms, and there is no need to carry out the production of strains in the fermentation process, which effectively reduces the fermentation cost, and the bacterial chaff itself contains a large amount of mycelium, protein, polysaccharides, Organic acids, biologically active substances and other nutrients can improve the nutritional level of animals and increase the conversion rate of feed, and have no toxic and side effects on livestock, poultry, humans and the environment, long-term use will not produce drug resistance, and can prevent animal diseases and Promote animal growth.

(5) The invention has the characteristics of low production energy consumption, no three wastes, small investment, and easy large-scale production. It has important practical significance for the development of my country's green livestock and poultry industry and for meeting people's food safety needs.

Detailed ways:

The following examples further illustrate the present invention.

Example 1:

Grind each Chinese herbal medicine to 100 mesh, take 19kg of astragalus, 11kg of angelica, 11.2kg of Caulis Spatholobus, 8kg of Eucommia ulmoides, 15kg of Atractylodes macrocephala, 5kg of honeysuckle, 4kg of Guanzhong, 9.7kg of Houttuynia cordata, and 4.6kg of motherwort, and then add 10kg of wheat bran , 1.5kg of glucose, and 1kg of ammonium sulfate, mix well, adjust the water content to 50%, sterilize at 105°C for 28min, cool to room temperature, add mushroom chaff according to 15% inoculation weight, mix well, and place under ultraviolet light After irradiating for 25 minutes, place a plastic film on the fermentation pan, ferment at 24°C for 6.5 days, dry at 45°C for 8 hours, and pulverize to obtain the fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive of the present invention.

Samples were taken to analyze the enzyme activities of cellulase, mannanase, and xylanase in the additive, and the enzyme activities were 5653U/g, 4631U/g, and 332.5U/g, respectively. Use unfermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additives (that is, crush each Chinese herbal medicine to 100 meshes, take 19kg of astragalus, 11kg of angelica, 11.2kg of Caulis Spatholobus, 8kg of Eucommia ulmoides, 15kg of Atractylodes macrocephala, 5kg of honeysuckle, 4kg of Guanzhong, 9.7kg of Houttuynia cordata, and Motherwort 4.6kg, then add 10kg of wheat bran, 1.5kg of glucose, and 1kg of ammonium sulfate, mix well, sterilize at 105°C for 28min, and cool to room temperature to obtain Chinese herbal medicine feed additive) as a control, the fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive polysaccharide of the present invention The content is 81.3% higher than that of the control, and the content is 8.37%.

Example 2:

Crush each Chinese herbal medicine to 80 meshes, take 16kg of astragalus, 14kg of angelica, 13kg of Caulis Spatholobus, 7.5kg of Eucommia ulmoides, 14.7kg of Atractylodes macrocephala, 2.5kg of honeysuckle, 5kg of Guanzhong, 8.8kg of Houttuynia cordata, and 5kg of motherwort, and then add wheat bran 9.5kg, 2kg of glucose, and 2kg of ammonium sulfate, mix well, adjust the water content to 55%, sterilize at 110°C for 25min, cool to room temperature, add 18% of the inoculum to the shiitake mushroom chaff, mix thoroughly, and place in an ultraviolet ray After irradiating for 30 minutes, place a plastic film on the fermentation tray, ferment at 26° C. for 6 days, dry at 60° C. for 6 hours, and pulverize to obtain the fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive of the present invention.

Samples were taken to analyze the enzyme activities of cellulase, mannanase, and xylanase in the additive, and the enzyme activities were 6027.4U/g, 479.27U/g, and 354.1U/g, respectively. Use unfermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additives (that is, crush each Chinese herbal medicine to 80 meshes, take 16kg of Astragalus, 14kg of Angelica, 13kg of Caulis Spatholobus, 7.5kg of Eucommia, 14.7kg of Atractylodes Rhizome, 2.5kg of Honeysuckle, 5kg of Guanzhong, and 8.8kg of Houttuynia cordata. , and Motherwort 5kg, then add 9.5kg of wheat bran, 2kg of glucose, and 2kg of ammonium sulfate, mix well, sterilize at 110°C for 25min, and cool to room temperature to obtain Chinese herbal medicine feed additive) as a control, the fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive of the present invention The polysaccharide content is 86.1% higher than that of the control, and the content is 8.75%.

Example 3:

Crush each Chinese herbal medicine to 90 meshes, take 20kg of astragalus, 15kg of angelica, 13kg of Caulis Spatholobus, 6.8kg of Eucommia ulmoides, 12kg of Atractylodes macrocephala, 4kg of honeysuckle, 5kg of Guanzhong, 10kg of Houttuynia cordata, and 3.5kg of motherwort, and then add 6.7kg of wheat bran , glucose 2kg, and ammonium sulfate 2kg, mix well, adjust the water content to 45%, sterilize at 100°C for 30 minutes, cool to room temperature, then add 20% of the inoculation amount into the secondary seed liquid, mix well, and place it under ultraviolet light After 20 minutes, put a plastic film on the shallow fermentation tray, ferment at 23° C. for 7 days, dry at 52° C. for 7 hours, and pulverize to obtain the fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive of the present invention.

Samples were taken to analyze the enzyme activities of cellulase, mannanase, and xylanase in the additive, and the enzyme activities were 5576.9U/g, 435.7U/g, and 329.6U/g, respectively. Use unfermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additives (that is, crush each Chinese herbal medicine to 90 meshes, take 20kg of astragalus, 15kg of angelica, 13kg of Caulis Spatholobus, 6.8kg of Eucommia ulmoides, 12kg of Atractylodes macrocephala, 4kg of honeysuckle, 5kg of Guanzhong, 10kg of Houttuynia cordata, and Motherwort 3.5kg, then add 6.7kg of wheat bran, 2kg of glucose, and 2kg of ammonium sulfate, mix well, sterilize at 100°C for 30min, and cool to room temperature to obtain Chinese herbal medicine feed additive) as a control, the fermented Chinese herbal medicine feed additive polysaccharide of the present invention The content is 84.7% higher than that of the control, and the content is 8.54%.

The determination of the enzyme activity and the determination of the polysaccharide content in each of the above-mentioned examples are prior art. For the determination of the polysaccharide content, please refer to "Compound Polysaccharide Biochemical Research Technology" edited by Zhang Weijie (published by Shanghai Science and Technology Press in 1987), pages 6-7 See "Enzyme Preparation Industry" (below) (Science Press, published in June 1998) pages 606-608 for the determination of cellulase enzyme activity; see Bailey M J for the determination of xylanase enzyme activity (J Biotechnol, 1992, 23(3): 257-270) for the method provided; for the determination of mannanase enzyme activity, refer to the method provided by Somogyi M (J.BiolChem., 1952, 195: 19-23).

Claims (2)

1. the solid fermentation method of a Chinese herbal feed additive, it is characterized in that: this method comprises the following steps:

(1) each Chinese herbal medicine powder is broken to the 80-100 order; Get Radix Astragali 15-20%, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10-15%, reticulate millettia 10-13%, bark of eucommia 5-8%, bighead atractylodes rhizome 10-15%, honeysuckle 2-5%, rhizome of cyrtomium 3-5%, cordate houttuynia 8-10% by weight percentage, reach motherwort 2-5%, add wheat bran 5-10%, glucose 1.5-2%, ammonium sulfate 1-2% again, mix; The adjusting water content is 45-55%; 100-110 ℃ the sterilization 25-30min, be cooled to room temperature after, obtain solid medium;

(2) in above-mentioned solid medium, insert the mushroom bacterium chaff that mycelia is pure white, the material agllutination is real, nothing is gone mouldy and rotted, fully mix, place the fermentation tray of sterilization by 15-20% inoculation weight; The loam cake plastic sheeting; 22-26 ℃ of fermentation 6-7d again in 45-60 ℃ of dry 6-8h, pulverizes.

2. the solid fermentation method of Chinese herbal feed additive according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the sterilization of said fermentation tray is meant with ultraviolet ray irradiation 20-30min.