CN102149641B - 锰酸锂颗粒粉末的制造方法和非水电解质二次电池 - Google Patents
锰酸锂颗粒粉末的制造方法和非水电解质二次电池 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102149641B CN102149641B CN200980135595.9A CN200980135595A CN102149641B CN 102149641 B CN102149641 B CN 102149641B CN 200980135595 A CN200980135595 A CN 200980135595A CN 102149641 B CN102149641 B CN 102149641B
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- lithium manganate
- particle powder
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- manganate particle
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 185
- QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;dioxido(dioxo)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O QHGJSLXSVXVKHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title 1
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 150000002697 manganese compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 150000002642 lithium compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 23
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229910002097 Lithium manganese(III,IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese oxide Inorganic materials [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 18
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000004087 circulation Effects 0.000 description 10
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910015645 LiMn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 5
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 229910021502 aluminium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011029 spinel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052810 boron oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N diboron trioxide Chemical compound O=BOB=O JKWMSGQKBLHBQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PSHMSSXLYVAENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium;[oxido(oxoboranyloxy)boranyl]oxy-oxoboranyloxyborinate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].O=BOB([O-])OB([O-])OB=O PSHMSSXLYVAENJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- WYXIGTJNYDDFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-Q triazanium;borate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] WYXIGTJNYDDFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-Q 0.000 description 2
- QGHDLJAZIIFENW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(4-hydroxy-3-prop-2-enylphenyl)propan-2-yl]-2-prop-2-enylphenol Chemical group C1=C(CC=C)C(O)=CC=C1C(C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)F)C1=CC=C(O)C(CC=C)=C1 QGHDLJAZIIFENW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000287680 Garcinia dulcis Species 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000005536 Jahn Teller effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013733 LiCo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical group [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SIXOAUAWLZKQKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid;prop-1-ene Chemical compound CC=C.OC(O)=O SIXOAUAWLZKQKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LBSANEJBGMCTBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganate Chemical compound [O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O LBSANEJBGMCTBH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IPJKJLXEVHOKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mn+2] IPJKJLXEVHOKSE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- KNLQKHUBPCXPQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese;sulfuric acid Chemical compound [Mn].OS(O)(=O)=O KNLQKHUBPCXPQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium borate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] RIUWBIIVUYSTCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010926 waste battery Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G45/00—Compounds of manganese
- C01G45/12—Complex oxides containing manganese and at least one other metal element
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G45/00—Compounds of manganese
- C01G45/02—Oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G45/00—Compounds of manganese
- C01G45/12—Complex oxides containing manganese and at least one other metal element
- C01G45/1221—Manganates or manganites with trivalent manganese, tetravalent manganese or mixtures thereof
- C01G45/1235—Manganates or manganites with trivalent manganese, tetravalent manganese or mixtures thereof of the type (Mn2O4)2-, e.g. Li2Mn2O4 or Li2(MxMn2-x)O4
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/016—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on manganites
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/62645—Thermal treatment of powders or mixtures thereof other than sintering
- C04B35/62675—Thermal treatment of powders or mixtures thereof other than sintering characterised by the treatment temperature
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/628—Coating the powders or the macroscopic reinforcing agents
- C04B35/62802—Powder coating materials
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/628—Coating the powders or the macroscopic reinforcing agents
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- C04B35/62805—Oxide ceramics
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/628—Coating the powders or the macroscopic reinforcing agents
- C04B35/62802—Powder coating materials
- C04B35/62805—Oxide ceramics
- C04B35/62813—Alumina or aluminates
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/628—Coating the powders or the macroscopic reinforcing agents
- C04B35/62886—Coating the powders or the macroscopic reinforcing agents by wet chemical techniques
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
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- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/51—Particles with a specific particle size distribution
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Abstract
本发明提供一种高输出、且高温稳定性优异的锰酸锂颗粒粉末的制造方法。在混合锂化合物、锰化合物和硼化合物后,以800℃~1050℃的温度范围进行烧制,得到锰酸锂颗粒粉末,其特征在于,上述硼化合物的平均粒径(D50)为锰化合物的平均粒径(D50)的15倍以下,该制造方法用于制造化学式:Li1+xMn2-x-yY1yO4+B(Y1=Ni、Co、Mg、Fe、Al、Cr、Ti中的至少一种,0.03≤x≤0.15、0≤y≤0.20)所示的锰酸锂颗粒粉末。
Description
技术领域
本发明提供高输出且高温稳定性优异的锰酸锂颗粒粉末的制造方法。
背景技术
近年来,AV机器和个人电脑等电子机器的便携化、无线化迅速发展,作为它们的驱动用电源,对小型、轻量且具有高能量密度的二次电池的要求提高。在这样的状况下,具有充放电电压高、充放电容量也大的优点的锂离子二次电池受到关注。
一直以来,作为具有4V级电压的高能量型锂离子二次电池中有用的正极活性物质,一般已知尖晶石型结构的LiMn2O4、岩盐型结构的LiMnO2、LiCoO2、LiCo1-xNixO2、LiNiO2等,其中,LiCoO2虽然在具有高电压和高容量方面优异,但却由于钴原料的供给量少而存在制造成本高的问题和废弃电池的环境安全方面的问题。因此,以供给量多、低成本、环境适应性好的锰为原料制造的尖晶石结构型的锰酸锂颗粒粉末(基本组成:LiMn2O4,下同)的研究广泛地开展着。
众所周知,锰酸锂颗粒粉末可以通过以规定比例混合锰化合物和锂化合物、并在700~1000℃的温度范围进行烧制而得到。
但是,将锰酸锂颗粒粉末作为锂离子二次电池的正极活性物质使用时,虽然具有高电压和高能量密度,但却存在充放电循环特性差的问题。其原因在于,由于伴随反复的充放电的结晶结构中的锂离子的脱离、插入动作,结晶晶格发生伸缩,由于结晶的体积变化而导致晶格破坏或锰在电解液中溶解。
在使用锰酸锂颗粒粉末的锂离子二次电池中,现在最需要的是抑制由于反复充放电而引起的充放电容量的恶化,特别是提高高温、低温下的充放电循环特性。
为了提高充放电循环特性,由锰酸锂颗粒粉末构成的正极活性物质必须充填性优异、具有适当的大小,并且抑制锰溶出。作为其方法,采用控制锰酸锂颗粒的粒径和粒度分布的方法,控制烧制温度、得到高结晶锰酸锂颗粒粉末的方法,添加不同种元素、增强结晶的结合力的方法,通过进行表面处理或混合添加物抑制锰溶出的方法等。
迄今为止,作为不同种元素之一,已知在锰酸锂颗粒粉末中含有铝(专利文献1~6)。另外,已知通过在烧制时添加氧化硼、硼酸、硼酸锂、硼酸铵作为硼源,能够获得烧结助剂的效果(专利文献7~11)。
在下述专利文献中分别记载了下述内容:在锰酸锂颗粒粉末中含有Ca化合物和/或Ni化合物与Al化合物(专利文献1);在锰酸锂颗粒粉末中含有Al,并限定X射线衍射的各衍射面的峰位置(专利文献2);在锰酸锂颗粒粉末中含有Al等不同种元素,并将烧制分为多阶段进行(专利文献3);在锰酸锂颗粒粉末中含有Al,并且比表面积为0.5~0.8m2/g、钠含量为1000ppm以下的锰酸锂(专利文献4);在锰酸锂颗粒粉末中含有Al等不同种元素、并且(400)面半值宽度为0.22°以下、结晶颗粒的平均直径为2μm以下的锰酸锂(专利文献5);在锰酸锂颗粒粉末中含有Al等不同种元素,并且微晶大小为以上、晶格变形为0.1%以下的锰酸锂(专利文献6);以600℃~800℃的温度对锂化合物、二氧化锰和硼化合物进行加热处理,并且由解释为硼进入晶格内的化学式表示的锰酸锂(专利文献7);添加氧化物的熔点为800℃以下的元素和氟化合物,并且由解释为这些元素进入晶格内的化学式表示的锰酸锂颗粒粉末(专利文献8);含有小于该公报的量的硼的锰酸锂颗粒粉末(专利文献9);规定作为硼酸种的四硼酸锂的使用的锰酸锂颗粒粉末(专利文献10)。
在先技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2000-294237号公报
专利文献2:日本特开2001-146425号公报
专利文献3:日本特开2001-328814号公报
专利文献4:日本特开2002-33099号公报
专利文献5:日本特开2002-316823号公报
专利文献6:日本特开2006-252940号公报
专利文献7:日本特开平8-195200号公报
专利文献8:日本特开2001-48547号公报
专利文献9:日本特开2002-42812号公报
专利文献10:日本特开2005-112710号公报
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
作为非水电解质二次电池用的正极活性物质,现在最需要的是改善输出特性和高温特性的锰酸锂,但尚未得到充分满足要求的材料和制造方法。
即,在上述专利文献1~10中,分别记载了用不同种元素置换一部分金属元素锰的锰酸锂、和添加少量硼化合物的锰酸锂,但电池的高温保存特性尚不能令人满意,在实用中还不充分。
本发明的发明人等对于添加元素的形状和烧制温度等进行了各种研究,从而完成了本发明。
解决问题的手段
通过如下所述的本发明能够解决上述技术课题。
即,本发明提供一种锰酸锂颗粒粉末的制造方法,其特征在于:在混合锂化合物、锰化合物和硼化合物后,以800℃~1050℃的温度范围进行烧制,得到锰酸锂颗粒粉末,所述硼化合物的平均粒径(D50)为锰化合物的平均粒径(D50)的15倍以下(本发明1)。
另外,如本发明1所述的锰酸锂颗粒粉末的制造方法,硼化合物的平均粒径(D50)为1μm~100μm(本发明2)。
另外,如本发明1或2所述的锰酸锂颗粒粉末的制造方法,锰化合物的平均粒径(D50)为1μm~20μm(本发明3)。
另外,如本发明1~3中任一项所述的锰酸锂颗粒粉末的制造方法,得到的锰酸锂颗粒粉末由粒径为1μm以上的一次颗粒聚集或烧结而成的二次颗粒形成,以化学式:Li1+xMn2-x-yY1yO4+B(Y1=Ni、Co、Mg、Fe、Al、Cr、Ti中的至少一种,0.03≤x≤0.15、0≤y≤0.20)表示,锰酸锂颗粒的二次颗粒的平均粒径(D50)为1μm~20μm,并且粒度分布(D90-D10)为2~40μm(本发明4)。
另外,本发明提供一种非水电解质二次电池,将通过本发明1~4中任一项所述的锰酸锂颗粒粉末的制造方法制得的锰酸锂颗粒粉末用作正极活性物质或其一部分(本发明5)。
发明效果
由本发明制得的锰酸锂颗粒粉末具有高输出,特别是高温稳定性优异,所以适合作为非水电解质二次电池用的正极活性物质。
即,通过以规定量的比例混合锰化合物、锂化合物、根据需要的不同种元素的化合物和经过微细化的硼化合物,以规定温度进行烧制,能够得到具有优异特性的锰酸锂颗粒粉末。
附图说明
图1是实施例1中得到的锰酸锂颗粒粉末的SEM像(倍率5000倍)。
图2是实施例1中使用的H3BO3的SEM像(倍率100倍)。
图3是比较例1中得到的锰酸锂颗粒粉末的SEM像(倍率5000倍)。
图4是比较例1中使用的H3BO3的SEM像(倍率50倍)。
具体实施方式
下面,进一步详细地说明本发明的构成。
首先,阐述本发明的锰酸锂颗粒粉末的制造方法。
在本发明中,在混合锂化合物、锰化合物和硼化合物之后,以800℃~1050℃的温度范围进行烧制,得到锰酸锂颗粒粉末,添加的硼化合物的二次颗粒的平均粒径(D50)是锰化合物的二次颗粒的平均粒径(D50)的15倍以下。
在硼化合物的二次颗粒的平均粒径(D50)大于锰化合物的二次颗粒的平均粒径(D50)的15倍时,出现锰酸锂的微粉,所以,电池特性下降。并且,烧制时熔融的硼的偏析增大,锰酸锂的聚集程度不均衡,出现容易发生聚集破坏的部分。优选2倍以上、14倍以下,更优选3倍以上、13倍以下。
本发明中使用的硼化合物的二次颗粒的平均粒径(D50)优选为1~100μm、更优选为1~70μm。
本发明中使用的锰化合物的二次颗粒的平均粒径(D50)优选为1.0~20μm、更优选为2.0~19μm。
作为本发明中的锰化合物,可以列举四氧化三锰(Mn3O4)、二氧化锰(MnO2)等。特别优选使用四氧化三锰。
本发明中使用的硼化合物可以列举硼酸、四硼酸锂、氧化硼、硼酸铵等。特别优选使用硼酸。
作为本发明中的锂化合物,可以列举碳酸锂、氢氧化锂等。特别优选使用碳酸锂。
另外,根据需要,在锰酸锂颗粒粉末中存在选自Ni、Co、Mg、Fe、Al、Cr、Ti中的至少一种不同种元素时,可以采用:混合锂化合物、锰化合物、不同种金属元素的化合物和硼化合物进行烧制的方法;使锰化合物与不同种金属元素复合化(通过干法或湿法包覆不同种金属元素的化合物表面的方法、使不同种金属元素的化合物在锰化合物表面析出的方法等)后,与锂化合物和硼化合物一起混合进行烧制的方法中的任意方法。
锰化合物与锂化合物的混合比例,以摩尔比计,优选为Li/Mn=0.525~0.62左右。在小于0.525时,虽然容量高,但是却发生由于Jahn-Teller效应引起的变形,所以,充放电循环特性下降。另外,在大于0.62时,初期容量不充分。更优选为0.530~0.610。
在烧制时,硼化合物作为烧结助剂,促进锰酸锂颗粒的结晶成长。硼化合物的添加量优选为,硼化合物中的硼相对于锰为0.1~2.5mol%。在小于0.1mol%时,不能充分地获得烧结促进效果。在大于2.5mol%时,由于烧结促进效果饱和,没有必要进一步添加。并且,锰酸锂颗粒的聚集、烧结程度变得过强,且容易产生微粉,因而不优选。更优选为0.3~2.0mol%。
在本发明中,优选烧制温度为800℃以上。在小于800℃时,不能获得硼所带来的颗粒的充分的烧结促进效果。更优选为850~1050℃。
烧制氛围可以是含氧气体,例如可以在空气中。烧制时间可以进行选择以使反应均匀进行,优选为1~48小时、更优选为10~24小时。
硼化合物还具备在烧制时使锰酸锂颗粒的边缘(有棱角的部分,结晶面与结晶面的结合部位)变钝、形成圆滑的颗粒的效果。可以认为:在现有的锰酸锂中,锰从颗粒的边缘部分发生溶出,使电池特性、特别是高温时的特性恶化。在本发明中,通过使锰酸锂颗粒的边缘(有棱角的部分)变钝、形成圆滑的颗粒,能够减少锰的溶出部位,其结果,能够提高二次电池的稳定性。
另外,可以认为:在烧制时,硼化合物与锂化合物中的锂反应形成B-Li系化合物。由于可以认为该B-Li系化合物在800℃以上熔融,所以,可以认为以包覆锰酸锂颗粒的状态存在。另外,即使利用粉末X射线衍射计(XRD)对该锰酸锂颗粒进行测定,也不能检测出任何含硼的结晶相,所以,可以认为B-Li系化合物以非晶状态存在。可以认为该B-Li系化合物发挥一种保护膜的作用,能够防止特别是在高温时锰的溶出。
在硼化合物的平均粒径大于本发明的范围时,可以认为在烧制时过剩生成的B-Li系化合物加强与氧的结合。可以认为:在该B-Li系化合物膜过厚时(硼的添加量过量时),阻碍在烧制中应该进入的氧向锰酸锂晶格内的扩散。因此,可以认为必要的氧没有完全进入晶格内,锰酸锂颗粒粉末成为氧缺损状态,尖晶石结构容易变形。可以认为由于在变形的晶格中,作为锰的束缚因素的氧少,所以,形成锰容易溶出的状态。
在本发明中,通过按照本发明减小粒径,能够使硼化合物在锰酸锂颗粒的颗粒表面局部存在,并且,能够使B-Li系化合物膜变薄,得到氧缺损少、锰的溶出被抑制的锰酸锂颗粒。另外,在本发明中,更优选硼化合物在锰酸锂颗粒的颗粒表面均匀地分布。
下面,阐述由本发明的锰酸锂颗粒粉末的制造方法制得的锰酸锂颗粒粉末。
本发明中的锰酸锂颗粒粉末的化学式是Li1+xMn2-x-yY1yO4+B,优选Y1是选自Ni、Co、Mg、Fe、Al、Cr、Ti中的至少一种。
其中,x优选为0.03~0.15、y优选为0~0.20。
在x小于0.03时,虽然容量增高,但高温特性显著下降。在大于0.15时,虽然高温特性得到改善,但容量显著下降、生成富Li相,成为电阻上升的原因。更优选为0.05~0.15。
在y大于0.20时,由于容量下降增大而不实用。更优选为0.01~0.20、进一步优选为0.05~0.15。
可以认为硼形成B-Li系化合物,包覆锰酸锂颗粒。可以认为在锰酸锂的晶格内不含硼,B-Li系化合物存在于颗粒表面附近,以非晶状态存在。可以认为该B-Li系化合物发挥一种保护膜的作用,特别是在高温时防止锰的溶出。在硼元素也存在于锰酸锂颗粒的内部的情况下,制作二次电池时稳定性下降。
硼的含量相对于锰为0.1~2.5mol%。在硼的含量相对于锰小于0.1mol%时,B-Li系化合物不能充分包覆锰酸锂颗粒,无法获得抑制锰溶出的效果。在大于2.5mol%时,出现锰酸锂的微粉,所以,电池特性下降。硼的含量相对于锰更优选为0.3~2.0mol%。
本发明中的锰酸锂颗粒粉末的二次颗粒的平均粒径(D50)优选为1~20μm。在平均粒径小于1μm时,稳定性下降。在平均粒径大于20μm时,输出下降。更优选为2~15μm、进一步优选为3~10μm。
另外,本发明中的锰酸锂颗粒粉末的二次颗粒的粒度分布宽度(D90-D10)优选为2~30μm。在大于上述粒度分布宽度(D90-D10)时,粒度分布宽,不理想。更优选的粒度分布宽度为3~20μm。
在本发明中,如果添加的硼化合物的尺寸大,则在烧制时不能均匀附着在锰化合物上,锰酸锂的二次颗粒彼此之间的结合局部增强。另外,由于会产生微粉等,(D90-D10)的宽度增大。
通过按照本发明制作,微粉的产生得到抑制,二次颗粒彼此之间的结合减少,结果,能够减小(D90-D10)的宽度。
另外,本发明中的构成锰酸锂颗粒粉末的一次颗粒的平均粒径为1μm以上。在一次粒径小于1μm时,稳定性下降。在大于15μm时,二次电池的输出有时会降低。更优选为1.2~13.0μm。
下面,阐述使用本发明的由非水电解质二次电池用锰酸锂颗粒粉末构成的正极活性物质的正极。
在使用本发明的正极活性物质制造正极时,按照常规方法,添加混合导电剂和粘合剂。作为导电剂,优选乙炔炭黑、炭黑、石墨等;作为粘合剂,优选聚四氟乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯等。
使用本发明的正极活性物质制得的二次电池,由上述正极、负极和电解质构成。
作为负极活性物质,可以使用锂金属、锂/铝合金、锂/锡合金、石墨(graphite)或黑铅等。
另外,作为电解液的溶剂,除了使用碳酸乙烯酯和碳酸二乙酯的组合以外,还可以使用包含碳酸丙烯酯、碳酸二甲酯等碳酸酯类和二甲氧基乙烷等醚类的至少一种的有机溶剂。
并且,作为电解质,除了使用六氟磷酸锂以外,还可以将高氯酸锂、四氟硼酸锂等锂盐的至少一种溶解在上述溶剂中使用。
<作用>
本发明的关键点在于使硼化合物的平均粒径(D50)为锰化合物的平均粒径(D50)的15倍以下。
在本发明中,通过使硼化合物的平均粒径(D50)为锰化合物的平均粒径(D50)的15倍以下,烧结助剂效果均匀地遍布锰化合物颗粒整体,并且,在烧制过程中生成的B-Li系化合物薄薄地包覆锰酸锂颗粒,由此,即使添加少量的硼化合物,也能够促进牢固的颗粒彼此之间的烧结。
另外,如果大量添加硼化合物,有时在烧制后的粉碎时会大量产生微粉。但是,按照本发明,通过减小硼化合物的粒径,即使添加少量的硼化合物,也能够获得充分的烧结促进效果,所以,能够抑制在粉碎时产生微粉。
另外,通过使硼化合物的平均粒径(D50)为锰化合物的平均粒径(D50)的15倍以下,锂化合物、锰化合物与硼化合物容易均匀混合,并且,在锰酸锂颗粒粉末的烧制时,能够薄薄地制得B-Li系化合物覆膜,由于该覆膜薄,因而氧容易被吸收,结果,能够制得难以发生氧缺损的锰酸锂颗粒粉末。
实施例
本发明的代表性实施形态如下。
平均粒径(D50),对于锰化合物和锰酸锂,是使用激光式粒度分布测定装置MICROTRAC HRA[日机装株式会社生产]、以湿式激光法测得的体积基准的平均粒径。对于硼化合物,是使用HELOS粒度分布测定装置(Sympatec公司生产)、以干式激光法测得的体积基准的平均粒径。
平均粒径(D50)是以锰酸锂颗粒粉末的全部体积为100%、求取相对于粒径的累计比例时的累计比例为50%的粒径。另外,以锰酸锂颗粒粉末的全部体积为100%、求取相对于粒径的累计比例时的累计比例为10%的粒径为D10;以锰酸锂颗粒粉末的全部体积为100%、求取以累计体积表示的粒径时的累计比例为90%的粒径为D90。
粒度分布宽度(D90-D10)是由上述D90减去D10而得到的值。
锰酸锂颗粒粉末的一次颗粒的平均粒径由SEM像读取平均值。
评价使用锰酸锂颗粒粉末的纽扣电池(coin cell)的初期充放电特性和高温保存特性。
首先,混合92重量%作为正极活性物质的锰酸锂颗粒粉末、2.5重量%作为导电材料的乙炔碳黑和2.5重量%石墨KS-15、3重量%作为粘合剂的溶解在N-甲基吡咯烷酮中的聚偏氟乙烯,之后涂布在Al金属箔上,以120℃干燥。将该片材冲压为16mmΦ后,以1.5t/cm2压接,使用电极厚度为50μm的电极作为正极。负极使用冲压为16mmΦ的金属锂,电解液使用溶解有1mol/l的LiPF6的以体积比3∶7混合EC和DEC的溶液,制成CR2032型纽扣电池。
初期充放电特性,在室温下充电到4.3V、以0.1C的电流密度进行,进行90分钟恒定电压充电后,以0.1C的电流密度进行放电至3.0V,测定此时的初期充电容量、初期放电容量和初期效率。
另外,作为高温时的特性,实施高温循环试验。在试验中,利用60℃恒温槽,电压范围为3.0~4.3V,以0.1C的C倍率进行第1循环、第11循环、第21循环、第31循环充放电,其它循环以1C倍率反复充放电。“高温循环容量维持率”是第31循环的放电容量相对于初次放电容量的比例。另外,“倍率特性”是第30循环与第31循环的比例(第30循环/第31循环×100)。
关于氧缺损,可以通过0.1C放电时的3.3V~3.0V的比容量(3.3VFoot)的测定进行判断。发生氧缺损时,在放电时的3.3V~3.0V的区域中出现坪(plateau)区域,可以说特别是在其比容量达到1.0mAh/g以上时,氧缺损状态大,是锰容易大量溶出的状态。
实施例1
在通氮气的条件下,在3.5摩尔的氢氧化钠中加入0.5摩尔硫酸锰,总量为1L,以90℃对得到的氢氧化锰熟化1小时。熟化后,通入空气,以90℃氧化,进行水洗、干燥后,得到氧化锰颗粒粉末。
得到的氧化锰颗粒粉末是Mn3O4,颗粒形状是粒状,平均粒径为4.8μm。
使用压滤机以5倍量的水对含有上述氧化锰颗粒的水悬浊液进行水洗后,氧化锰颗粒的浓度恰好为10wt%。相对于该悬浊液,向反应槽内连续供给0.2mol/l的铝酸钠水溶液,使得Mn∶Al=95∶5。在反应槽中,一边用搅拌机一直进行搅拌,一边同时自动供给0.2mol/l的硫酸水溶液,使得pH=8±0.5,得到含有用氢氧化铝包覆的氧化锰颗粒的悬浊液。
使用压滤机以相对于氧化锰颗粒的重量为10倍的水对该悬浊液进行水洗后,进行干燥,得到Mn∶Al=95∶5、平均二次粒径为4.8μm的用氢氧化铝包覆的氧化锰颗粒。
称量硼酸,使得得到的用氢氧化铝包覆的Mn3O4颗粒粉末、碳酸锂和平均二次粒径为18.2μm的硼酸成为Li∶Mn∶Al=1.072∶1.828∶0.10,硼酸中的硼相对于锰为1.5mol%的比例,干式混合1小时,得到均匀的混合物。在氧化铝坩埚中加入30g得到的混合物,在910℃、空气氛围中保持3小时,得到锰酸锂颗粒粉末。所得到的锰酸锂颗粒粉末利用X射线衍射,不能检测出关于添加的硼和硼化合物的峰,确认是锰酸锂单相。在图1中表示得到的锰酸锂颗粒粉末的SEM像。图2表示使用的硼酸的SEM像。如图1中所示可以确认,得到的锰酸锂颗粒粉末,颗粒没有带棱角的部分,是圆滑的颗粒。
得到的锰酸锂颗粒粉末,在组成为Li1+xMn2-x-yY1yO4时,x是0.072、y是0.10,平均一次粒径为4μm、二次颗粒的平均粒径(D50)为8.8μm。
另外,在200ml烧杯中加入5g锰酸锂粉末、100ml纯水,煮沸7分钟,冷却后,使用No5B滤纸进行过滤,使用得到的溶液,进行以ICP进行元素鉴定的可溶性试验的结果。其结果,硼完全溶解。因此,确认硼只存在于锰酸锂颗粒粉末的颗粒表面。另外,由于Li与硼的溶解量成比例地溶解,所以,可以推定硼与Li形成化合物。
使用由在此得到的锰酸锂颗粒粉末构成的正极活性物质制作的纽扣型电池,初期放电容量是108mAh/g,关于氧缺损的比容量(3.3VFoot)是0.223mAh/g。另外,以60℃进行31循环后的容量维持率是97%,倍率特性是99.6%。
实施例2~3和5
除了对使用的硼化合物的粒径、烧制温度进行各种变化以外,与上述实施例1同样操作,得到锰酸锂颗粒粉末。在表1中表示此时的制造条件,在表2中表示得到的锰酸锂颗粒粉末的各项特性。
实施例4
除了不使用包覆氧化锰化合物颗粒的Y1元素以外,与上述实施例1同样操作,得到锰酸锂颗粒粉末。在表1中表示此时的制造条件,在表2中表示得到的锰酸锂颗粒粉末的各项特性。
比较例1
除了使用用氢氧化铝包覆的平均二次粒径为4.8μm的Mn3O4颗粒粉末和平均粒径(D50)为193μm的硼酸以外,与上述实施例1同样操作,得到锰酸锂颗粒粉末。在图3中表示得到的锰酸锂颗粒粉末的SEM像,在图4中表示使用的硼酸的SEM像。另外,在表1中表示此时的制造条件,在表2中表示得到的锰酸锂颗粒粉末的各项特性。
比较例2
除了对使用的锰化合物和硼化合物的平均粒径进行各种变化以外,与上述实施例1同样操作,得到锰酸锂颗粒粉末。在表1中表示此时的制造条件,在表2中表示得到的锰酸锂颗粒粉末的各项特性。
比较例3
除了对使用的锰化合物和硼化合物的粒径、Li的混合量进行各种变化、并且不使用包覆氧化锰化合物颗粒的Y1元素以外,与上述比较例2同样操作,得到锰酸锂颗粒粉末。在表1中表示此时的制造条件,在表2中表示得到的锰酸锂颗粒粉末的各项特性。
根据以上结果,与实施例1相比,在比较例1得到的锰酸锂颗粒粉末中,出现大量微粉。另外,比较例中得到的锰酸锂颗粒粉末,关于氧缺损的比容量高,可以认为发生了氧缺损。其结果,可以认为锰的溶出没有得到抑制,电池中的高温循环特性降低,并且,倍率特性也恶化。
产业上的可利用性
本发明的锰酸锂颗粒粉末的制造方法,能够得到结晶性高、输出特性高、高温保存特性优异的、适合作为二次电池的正极活性物质的锰酸锂,所以,适合作为锰酸锂颗粒粉末的制造方法。
Claims (5)
1.一种锰酸锂颗粒粉末的制造方法,其特征在于:
在混合锂化合物、锰化合物和硼化合物后,以800℃~1050℃的温度范围进行烧制,得到锰酸锂颗粒粉末,
所述硼化合物的平均粒径D50为锰化合物的平均粒径D50的15倍以下。
2.如权利要求1所述的锰酸锂颗粒粉末的制造方法,其特征在于:
硼化合物的平均粒径D50为1μm~100μm。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的锰酸锂颗粒粉末的制造方法,其特征在于:
锰化合物的平均粒径D50为1μm~20μm。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的锰酸锂颗粒粉末的制造方法,其特征在于:
所得到的锰酸锂颗粒粉末由粒径为1μm以上的一次颗粒聚集或烧结而成的二次颗粒形成,
以化学式:Li1+xMn2-x-yYlyO4+B表示,其中,Yl=Ni、Co、Mg、Fe、Al、Cr、Ti中的至少一种,0.03≤x≤0.15、0≤y≤0.20,
锰酸锂颗粒的二次颗粒的平均粒径D50为1μm~20μm,并且粒度分布宽度(D90-D10)为2~30μm,
其中,以锰酸锂颗粒粉末的全部体积为100%、求取相对于粒径的累计比例时的累计比例为10%的粒径为D10,以锰酸锂颗粒粉末的全部体积为100%、求取以累计体积表示的粒径时的累计比例为90%的粒径为D90,所述粒度分布宽度(D90-D10)是由上述D90减去D10而得到的值。
5.如权利要求3所述的锰酸锂颗粒粉末的制造方法,其特征在于:
所得到的锰酸锂颗粒粉末由粒径为1μm以上的一次颗粒聚集或烧结而成的二次颗粒形成,
以化学式:Li1+xMn2-x-yYlyO4+B表示,其中,Yl=Ni、Co、Mg、Fe、Al、Cr、Ti中的至少一种,0.03≤x≤0.15、0≤y≤0.20,
锰酸锂颗粒的二次颗粒的平均粒径D50为1μm~20μm,并且粒度分布宽度(D90-D10)为2~30μm,
其中,以锰酸锂颗粒粉末的全部体积为100%、求取相对于粒径的累计比例时的累计比例为10%的粒径为D10,以锰酸锂颗粒粉末的全部体积为100%、求取以累计体积表示的粒径时的累计比例为90%的粒径为D90,所述粒度分布宽度(D90-D10)是由上述D90减去D10而得到的值。
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