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CN102130451B - 分布式电站系统 - Google Patents

分布式电站系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102130451B
CN102130451B CN201110051627.6A CN201110051627A CN102130451B CN 102130451 B CN102130451 B CN 102130451B CN 201110051627 A CN201110051627 A CN 201110051627A CN 102130451 B CN102130451 B CN 102130451B
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China
Prior art keywords
energy
type
power circuit
energy body
power station
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN201110051627.6A
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CN102130451A (zh
Inventor
瞿磊
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Suzhou Dongling Vibration Test Instrument Co Ltd
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SUZHOU GAIA INTELLIGENT TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201110051627.6A priority Critical patent/CN102130451B/zh
Publication of CN102130451A publication Critical patent/CN102130451A/zh
Priority to US14/002,254 priority patent/US20130334886A1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2012/071843 priority patent/WO2012116653A1/zh
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Publication of CN102130451B publication Critical patent/CN102130451B/zh
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00002—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by monitoring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/04—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks for connecting networks of the same frequency but supplied from different sources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00007—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission
    • H02J13/00009—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission using pulsed signals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00022—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00022—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission
    • H02J13/00024—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission by means of mobile telephony
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/40—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation wherein a plurality of decentralised, dispersed or local energy generation technologies are operated simultaneously
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/70—Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
    • Y04S10/123—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving renewable energy sources
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/30—State monitoring, e.g. fault, temperature monitoring, insulator monitoring, corona discharge
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
    • Y04S40/12—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
    • Y04S40/121—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
    • Y04S40/12—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
    • Y04S40/126—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment using wireless data transmission

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明揭示了一种分布式电站系统，包括远程的控制管理系统、复数个空间自由分布的发电单体以及连接所有发电单体并将电能集中到控制管理系统的电力线路，每一个发电单体均一对一成组设有能源体和能源体控制器，其中该能源体控制器接设于能源体朝向电力线路的输出端与电力线路之间，该能源体为风电型、空气动力型、光伏型、沼气型、地热型、水力发电型、热电型等等之一的能源收集转换设备。通过能源体控制器及电力线路的能源传输，使得新能源推广特别适合于在经济发达地区实施部署，同时能够大大降低能源系统损耗，减少输电线路投入及线路损耗，达到高利用率，并提高了系统的冗余度。通过本项发明的实施将大大加快新能源的应用和推广速度。

Description

分布式电站系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种能源利用新格局，尤其涉及一种采用多种形式进行电能发电且空间占用土地灵活的电站规划、架构领域。
背景技术
随着地球资源的日益匮乏，基础能源的投资成本日益攀高，各种安全和污染隐患可谓无处不在，风能、太阳能、水力能等可再生能源作为一种“取之不尽、用之不竭”的安全、环保能源越来越受到重视。但是，目前包括风能、太阳能等可再生能源基本上局限于大型电站应用，然而，由于这些能源资源在地理上的分布通常远离经济比较发达的能源需求地；即便是距离较近，建设大型电站需要占用大面积的土地，在经济发达的地区，由于土地使用价格昂贵，其投入非常巨大，可行性也不高。
同时，某些新能源直接获得的电能为直流电，在目前的新能源并网系统中需要将获得的直流电转换为交流电，以并入交流电网。这样的处理，一方面增加了转换时的功率损耗，另一方面由于交流并网设备价格昂贵，只适用于功率较大的新能源系统，通常需要超过3KW的功率才具有并网的可能。
上述两个问题，大大限制了新能源的大规模推广，在电网基础较差的情况下，不能适应波动较大的新能源电力，也进一步限制了新能源的使用。
发明内容
鉴于上述现有技术存在的缺陷，本发明的目的是提出一种分布式电站系统，使用各种可再生能源作为能源体，能够适合各种规模的能源及输电系统，同时可以利用各种现成安装条件，并支持不同规模的系统之间的联网。
本发明的目的，将通过以下技术方案得以实现：
分布式电站系统，其特征在于包括：远程的控制管理系统、复数个空间自由分布的发电单体以及连接所有发电单体并将电能集中到控制管理系统的电力线路，每一个所述发电单体均一对一成组设有能源体和能源体控制器，其中所述能源体控制器接设于能源体朝向电力线路的输出端与电力线路之间，所述能源体为能源收集转换设备，包括风电型、空气动力型、光伏型、沼气型、地热型、水力发电型、热电型等形式之一或几种形式整合。
进一步地，遍历所述电力线路的各个发电单体中所含能源体类型相同，所述分布式电站系统为单类型转能发电结构；或者遍历所述电力线路的各个发电单体中所含能源体类型不同，所述分布式电站系统为多类型综合转能发电结构。
进一步地，所述电力线路为直流输电线。
进一步地，所述能源体控制器至少包含防止电力线路上的能源倒流至本发电单体的输出控制模块；还包括组合可选的整流/电压转换模块和功率跟踪控制模块；
更进一步地，所述能源体控制器还包含基于微处理器的智能控制模块，分别与能源体的输出节点、能源体控制器的输出节点及各模块的控制节点相连。并且基于智能控制模块设有通讯模块，与所述控制管理系统交互相连。
进一步地，所述控制管理系统连接有电能存储器及跨接联网设备，分别用于对电力线路输送来的电能进行存储、运输管理；以及连接其它现有的大规模发电系统，构成更大范围的能源应用系统。
进一步地，对应于光伏型能源体或风电光伏综合一体的能源体，所述发电单体沿城市道路两侧及空旷地自由分布。
本发明分布式电站系统的应用，使得新能源推广的现有问题得以解决，特别使得新能源适合于在经济发达地区实施部署，同时能够大大降低能源系统损耗，减少输电线路投入及线路损耗，达到高利用率，并提高了系统的冗余度。通过本项发明的实施将大大加快新能源的应用和推广速度。
附图说明
图1是本发明分布式电站系统的拓扑原理结构示意简图；
图2a至图2e分别是本发明分布式电站系统中每一发电单体的能源体控制器根据不同应用需求所采用的配置结构示意图；
图3是本发明分布式电站控制管理系统的外接结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下便结合实施例附图，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步的详述，以使本发明技术方案更易于理解、掌握。
本发明设计了一种分布式电站系统，如图1所示的拓扑原理结构示意简图，该系统由一条电力线路连接多个空间自由分布的发电单体和控制管理系统。但在实际应用中，这样的电力线路可以有许多条相互交织而成(未图示)。从图示来看，该系统包括分布于各处的各种规模、各种形式的分布式发电单体、连接发电单体的电力线路、控制管理系统以及连接跨越不同系统之间的联网设备及线路等部分。
作为本发明一个最基本的核心架构：包括控制管理系统1、电力线路3以及若干由能源体控制器和能源体构成的分布式发电单体21……2n。系统的电力线路采用直流输电方式，由于各类可再生能源大部分直接产生直流电，即使产生交流电也需要转换为直流输送。采用直流输电方式，由于不再需要同步设备，因而大大减少了投入，使得总体投入较小的小型的能源体也具备了并网的可行性。
以单一发电单体21来看，包括风电型能源体211和能源体控制器212。能源体负责收集各类能源，并转换为电力能。其能源利用上是多元化的，凡能用于电能转化的自然可再生能源形式，均可适用。该能源体至少包括风电型、空气动力型、光伏型、沼气型、地热型、水力发电型和热电型之一的能源收集转换设备或几种设备的整合、集成使用，即同一电力线路上，可以集合风电型能源体211、光伏型能源体221、地热型能源体223及热电型能源体224等同时运作。其中空气动力型是区别于风电型的一种能源利用方式，即使无风状态下，利用空气的烟囱效应，亦能有效合理利用自然界的能源。而且各发电单体中各自能源体的工作由一对一成组配套设置的能源体控制器进行控制和管理，包括对转换的控制、电压调理、监控、保护等等。各发电单体将转换并调理后的电能输入到电力线路，经电力线路汇集所有的发电单体输出的电能，并输送至控制管理系统中。
对应以交流电方式输出的能源体，能源体控制器将对之进行整流、滤波等电源转换处理。同时具备对能源体的工作进行控制、监控及保护功能。能源体控制器的结构根据不同应用需求允许存在不同的形式。如图2a至2c所示，提供了三种针对不同的应用需要设计的能源体控制器结构。其实，能源体控制器作为能源体和电力线路的接口，最基本的作用是防止能源的倒流，因此，一个最简单的结构就是一个用于阻止电流倒流的二极管(如图2a所示)。但是在一个较大的，复杂的系统中如果仅仅采用一个二极管，不但降低了效率，也不能达到较好的管理作用。因此，该能源体控制器还可进一步集成整流/电压转换模块或功率跟踪控制模块。
适应于性价比和效率的不同要求，还可以存在更多的实例满足不同的需要。由于在本发明中控制管理系统是位于远程的，并且发电单体分布在不同距离的位置。因此，系统通过能源体控制器来实现系统对分布各处的能源体进行控制、监测和管理的功能。
如图2d和图2e所示，使用以微处理器为核心的智能控制模块，对控制输出模块的各个部分进行监测和控制，将更有效的提高能源体的工作效率和可靠性。
能源体控制器可以通过对发电单体各个参数的检测，获得能源体的工作和健康状态，并通过一种或几种系统联网技术(例如通过共享主干线状态识别、载波通讯、无线通讯等)对发电单体的工作进行控制，系统可以将发电单体的工作和健康状态上传至控制管理系统，由控制管理系统进行系统级的管理、控制和维护。
在智能控制模块基础上，增加通讯模块，例如无线、红外、GSM、GPRS、3G或利用电力线载波等，可以通过直接或级联方式与控制管理系统进行交互，上报发电单体状况，并接受系统的控制。
控制管理系统对电力线路输送来的电能进行存储、输送等管理，同时通过跨接联网设备连接到其它系统，与其它系统构成更大范围的能源系统。
控制管理系统接收由电力线路输送来的电能，通过输出线路输送给用电系统或设备。当电力线路输送的电能超过用电系统或设备的需求时，可以通过跨接联网设备输送至市电等其它系统，或通过储电设备存储(如图3所示)。而当电力线路输送的电能低于用电系统或设备的需求时，可通过跨接联网设备从市电系统补充不足的部分，也可以从储电设备中补充。
从具体的实施方式来看：在各大中城市的街道上普遍分布着各种路灯、垃圾箱、道路指示牌、沿街广告、公共卫生间、信息亭等，这些已有基础设施的存在，为本发明分布式电站系统的建立提供了保障，已有的太阳能路灯及在该路灯上设置风电系统的应用实施自不在话下，其实在沿街的垃圾箱、广告或道路指示牌以及公共卫生间、信息亭等公共设施上设置太阳能收集转换设备，或在下水道设置水力发电装置等，诸如此类的应用在发达地区可以简单地实现大面积铺设。虽然就单个能源转化来看是微小的，但规模上来看，空间自由分布集能汇聚后将亦不可小觑。
同时，系统还可以在一些大型建筑部署功率更大的可再生电站，例如屋顶太阳能电站、外墙外立面电站等。并且通过已有电力线路按照前述方法的简单调整，即可实现方便地与这些更大功率的能源体、市电或其它规模、其它形式发电系统的互补。
可见，本发明分布式电站系统能充分利用空间分布下非均衡的各种自然能源，整合成为能在土地使用成本相对昂贵的经济发达的地区的一种新兴能源，作为城市市电系统的良好辅助，大大加快新能源的应用和推广速度。

Claims (6)

1.分布式电站系统，其特征在于包括：远程的控制管理系统、复数个空间自由分布的发电单体以及连接所有发电单体并将电能集中到控制管理系统的电力线路，每一个所述发电单体均一对一成组设有能源体和能源体控制器，其中所述能源体控制器接设于能源体朝向电力线路的输出端与电力线路之间，所述能源体为能源收集转换设备，至少包括风电型、空气动力型、光伏型、沼气型、地热型、水力发电型和热电型之一或几种整合；所述能源体控制器至少包含基于微处理器的智能控制模块、防止电力线路上的能源倒流至本发电单体的输出控制模块、整流/电压转换模块和功率跟踪控制模块，智能控制模块分别与能源体的输出节点、能源体控制器的输出节点及各模块的控制节点相连；所述控制管理系统连接有电能存储器及跨接联网设备，分别用于对电力线路输送来的电能进行存储、运输管理；以及连接其它现有的大规模发电系统，构成更大范围的能源应用系统。
2.根据权利要求1所述的分布式电站系统，其特征在于：遍历所述电力线路的各个发电单体中所含能源体类型相同，所述分布式电站系统为单类型转能发电结构。
3.根据权利要求1所述的分布式电站系统，其特征在于：遍历所述电力线路的各个发电单体中所含能源体类型不同，所述分布式电站系统为多类型综合转能发电结构。
4.根据权利要求1所述的分布式电站系统，其特征在于：所述电力线路为直流输电线。
5.根据权利要求1所述的分布式电站系统，其特征在于：所述能源体控制器基于智能控制模块设有通讯模块，与所述控制管理系统交互相连。
6.根据权利要求1所述的分布式电站系统，其特征在于：对应于光伏型能源体或风电光伏综合一体的能源体，所述发电单体沿城市道路两侧及空旷地自由分布。
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