CN102036966A - 作为hcv丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂的二氟化三肽 - Google Patents
作为hcv丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂的二氟化三肽 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D409/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/12—Antivirals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/12—Antivirals
- A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D413/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
- C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K5/00—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- C07K5/04—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
- C07K5/08—Tripeptides
- C07K5/0802—Tripeptides with the first amino acid being neutral
- C07K5/0804—Tripeptides with the first amino acid being neutral and aliphatic
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Abstract
本发明涉及式I化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、酯或前药:
Description
相关申请
本申请要求2008年1月24日提交的美国专利临时申请号61/023,245的权益。以上申请内容通过引用结合到本文中。
技术领域
本发明涉及含喹喔啉的二氟化三肽,具有抗HCV的抗病毒活性,可用于治疗HCV感染。更尤其是,本发明涉及新的三肽化合物、含此类化合物的组合物及其使用方法,和制备此类化合物的方法。
发明背景
HCV是非甲、非乙型肝炎的主要原因,在发达和发展中国家中成为日益严重的公共健康问题。据估计,在全球超过2亿人被该病毒感染,比感染人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)的个体数目大近5倍。因慢性感染造成的个体高百分率,感染HCV的患者具有发展为肝硬化、并发性肝细胞癌和晚期肝病的高风险。在西方国家,HCV是肝细胞癌的最普遍的原因和患者需要肝移植的原因。
开发抗HCV治疗药物具有相当大的难度,包括但不限于病毒存留、在宿主中复制期间病毒的遗传多样性、病毒发展为耐药突变株的高发生率,和缺乏可重现的感染培养系统以及用于HCV复制和发病机制的小动物模型。在绝大多数情况下,给定感染的轻微过程和肝脏的复杂生物学,必须慎重考虑给予抗病毒药物,这些药物可能具有显著副作用。
目前,仅有两种批准的HCV感染的疗法。最初的治疗方案通常涉及静脉内给予干扰素-α(IFN-α)3-12个月的疗程,而新批准的第二代治疗涉及用IFN-α和普通抗病毒核苷类似物如利巴韦林联合治疗(co-treatment)。这些治疗均发生与干扰素有关的副作用以及抗HCV感染效力低。由于现有疗法的耐受性差和效力不佳,存在开发治疗HCV感染的有效抗病毒药物的需要。
在绝大多数个体被慢性感染且无症状和预后未知的患者群体中,有效药物的副作用必须比现有治疗的显著少。丙型肝炎非结构蛋白-3(NS3)为需要处理病毒多蛋白从而导致病毒复制的蛋白酶。尽管存在大量的与HCV感染有关的病毒变种,但NS3蛋白酶的活性部位保持高度保守,从而使得其抑制成为有吸引力的干预模式。近来用蛋白酶抑制剂成功治疗HIV支持抑制NS3是抗HCV的战役中关键靶标的观念。
HCV为黄病毒科型RNA病毒。HCV基因组被包膜,且含由约9600碱基对组成的单链RNA分子。它编码由约3010氨基酸组成的多肽。
HCV多蛋白由病毒处理,宿主肽酶断裂为10个离散的肽,这些肽具有多种功能。有3种结构蛋白:C、E1和E2。P7蛋白的功能未知,由高度易变序列组成。存在6种非结构蛋白。NS2为依赖锌的金属蛋白酶,该酶与NS3蛋白的一部分联合在一起起作用。NS3将两种催化功能合并(与其与NS2的关系不同):丝氨酸蛋白酶位于N-末端,其需要NS4A作为辅因子,和依赖ATP酶的解旋酶在羧基端起作用。NS4A只是丝氨酸蛋白酶密切相关的非共价辅因子。
NS3-NS4A蛋白酶负责在病毒多蛋白上解离4个位点。NS3-NS4A解离为自催化性,顺式发生。剩余的3个水解物NS4A-NS4B、NS4B-NS5A和NS5A-NS5B均反式发生。NS3为丝氨酸蛋白酶,该酶在结构上划分为胰凝乳蛋白酶样蛋白酶。虽然NS丝氨酸蛋白酶本身具有蛋白水解活性,在催化多蛋白解离方面,HCV蛋白酶不是有效酶。已显示,该增强需要NS4A蛋白的中央疏水区域。对于处理事件,似乎必需NS3蛋白与NS4A的复合物形成,以在所有位点上增强蛋白水解效力。
开发抗病毒药物的一般策略是使包括NS3在内的病毒编码的酶失活,这些酶对病毒复制至关重要。S.Tan,A.Pause,Y.Shi,N.Sonenberg,在丙型肝炎治疗:目前的状况和新兴策略,Nature Rev.DrugDiscov.,1,867-881(2002)中对目前针对发现NS3蛋白酶抑制剂的努力研究进行了综述。
发明概述
本发明涉及新的三肽化合物和在需要这种疗法的患者中用所述三肽化合物治疗丙型肝炎感染的方法。本发明还涉及药用组合物,所述组合物包含单独或与药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂组合的本发明化合物、或其药学上可接受的盐、酯或前药。
在一个本发明实施方案中,公开了由式I代表的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、酯或前药:
其中
A选自H、R1、-(C=O)-O-R1、-(C=O)-R2、-C(=O)-NR4R5或-S(O)2-R1、-S(O)2NR4R5;
B为H或CH3;
各R1独立选自:
(i)芳基;取代的芳基;杂芳基;取代的杂芳基;
(ii)杂环烷基或取代的杂环烷基;
(iii)-C1-C8烷基、-C2-C8烯基或-C2-C8炔基,各自含0、1、2或3个杂原子,所述杂原子选自O、S或N;取代的-C1-C8烷基、取代的-C2-C8烯基或取代的-C2-C8炔基,各自含0、1、2或3个选自O、S或N的杂原子;-C3-C12环烷基,或取代的-C3-C12环烷基;-C3-C12环烯基,或取代的-C3-C12环烯基;
各R2独立选自:
(i)氢;
(ii)芳基;取代的芳基;杂芳基;取代的杂芳基;
(iii)杂环烷基或取代的杂环烷基;
(iv)-C1-C8烷基、-C2-C8烯基或-C2-C8炔基,各自含0、1、2或3个选自O、S或N的杂原子;取代的-C1-C8烷基、取代的-C2-C8烯基,或取代的-C2-C8炔基,各自含0、1、2或3个选自O、S或N的杂原子;-C3-C12环烷基,或取代的-C3-C12环烷基;-C3-C12环烯基,或取代的-C3-C12环烯基;
R4和R5各自独立选自:
(i)氢;
(ii)芳基;取代的芳基;杂芳基;取代的杂芳基;
(iii)杂环烷基或取代的杂环烷基;
(iv)-C1-C8烷基、-C2-C8烯基或-C2-C8炔基,各自含0、1、2或3个选自O、S或N的杂原子;取代的-C1-C8烷基、取代的-C2-C8烯基,或取代的-C2-C8炔基,各自含0、1、2或3个选自O、S或N的杂原子;-C3-C12环烷基,或取代的-C3-C12环烷基;-C3-C12环烯基,或取代的-C3-C12环烯基;
或者,R4和R5可与它们连接的氮一起形成杂环或取代的杂环;
G选自-OR2、-NR4R5、-NH-C(O)-R2、-NH-S(O)2-R6、-NH-S(O)2NR4R5;
各R6独立选自:
(i)芳基;取代的芳基;杂芳基;取代的杂芳基;
(ii)杂环烷基或取代的杂环烷基;
(iii)-C1-C8烷基、-C2-C8烯基或-C2-C8炔基,各自含0、1、2或3个选自O、S或N的杂原子;取代的-C1-C8烷基、取代的-C2-C8烯基,或取代的-C2-C8炔基,各自含0、1、2或3个选自O、S或N的杂原子;-C3-C12环烷基,或取代的-C3-C12环烷基;-C3-C12环烯基,或取代的-C3-C12环烯基;
L选自:
(i)氢;
(ii)芳基;
(iii)取代的芳基;
(iv)杂芳基;
(v)取代的杂芳基;
(vi)杂环;
(vii)取代的杂环;
(viii)-C1-C8烷基、-C2-C8烯基或-C2-C8炔基,各自含0、1、2或3个选自O、S或N的杂原子;
(ix)取代的-C1-C8烷基、取代的-C2-C8烯基或取代的-C2-C8炔基,各自含0、1、2或3个选自O、S或N的杂原子;
(x)-C3-C12环烷基或-C3-C12环烯基;
(xi)取代的-C3-C12环烷基,或取代的-C3-C12环烯基;
Z1和Z2独立选自卤素;优选F、Cl和Br;
X和Y与它们连接的碳原子一起形成环部分,所述环部分选自芳基、取代的芳基、杂芳基或取代的杂芳基;
W不存在,或选自亚烷基、取代的亚烷基、亚烯基、取代的亚烯基、亚炔基、取代的亚炔基、-O-、-S-、-NH-、-N(Me)-、-C(O)NH-或-C(O)N(Me)-;
Z选自:
(i)氢;
(ii)羟基;
(iii)-CN;
(iv)-N3;
(v)卤素;
(vi)-NH-N=CH(R2),其中R2同上前述定义;
(vii)芳基、取代的芳基;
(viii)杂芳基、取代的杂芳基;
(ix)-C3-C12环烷基、取代的-C3-C12环烷基、杂环烷基、取代的杂环烷基;
(x)杂环、取代的杂环;
(xi)-C1-C8烷基、-C2-C8烯基或-C2-C8炔基,各自含0、1、2或3个选自O、S或N的杂原子;取代的-C1-C8烷基、取代的-C2-C8烯基或取代的-C2-C8炔基,各自含0、1、2或3个选自O、S或N的杂原子;
m为0、1、2或3;
m’为0、1、2或3;
n为0、1或2;且
s为1、2、3或4。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明的特征在于药用组合物,所述组合物包含本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、酯或前药。在再另一个本发明实施方案中,公开了药用组合物,该组合物包含治疗有效量的本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、酯或前药,和组合应用的药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂。在又另一个本发明实施方案中,为在需要这种治疗的患者中用所述药用组合物治疗丙型肝炎感染的方法。
发明详述
第一个本发明实施方案为单独或与药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂组合的由上述式I代表的化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐、酯或前药。
本发明的另一个实施方案是单独或与药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂组合的由式II代表的化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐、酯或前药,其中A、L、X、Y、W、G、Z、Z1和Z2定义同前述实施方案。
另一个本发明实施方案为单独或与药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂组合的由式III代表的化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐、酯或前药;其中R71、R72、R73和R74各自独立选自:
(i)氢;
(ii)卤素;
(iii)-NO2;
(iv)-CN;
(v)-M-R4,其中M不存在,或为O、S、NH、N(R5);
(vi)芳基;
(vii)取代的芳基;
(viii)杂芳基;
(ix)取代的杂芳基;
(x)杂环烷基;和
(xi)取代的杂环烷基;
其中A、L、G、W、Z、Z1Z2、R4和R5定义同前述第一个实施方案。
在一个实例中,A选自H、R1、-(C=O)-O-R1,其中R1选自芳基;取代的芳基;杂芳基;取代的杂芳基;杂环烷基或取代的杂环烷基;-C1-C8烷基、-C2-C8烯基或-C2-C8炔基,各自含0、1、2或3个选自O、S或N的杂原子;取代的-C1-C8烷基、取代的-C2-C8烯基或取代的-C2-C8炔基,各自含0、1、2或3个选自O、S或N的杂原子;-C3-C12环烷基,或取代的-C3-C12环烷基;-C3-C12环烯基,或取代的-C3-C12环烯基。R6选自芳基、取代的芳基、杂芳基和取代的杂芳基。J不存在。G可为-NH-SO2-NR4R5或-NHSO2-R3,其中R3选自芳基、取代的芳基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基、杂环、取代的杂环、-C3-C12环烷基、-C3-C12环烯基、取代的-C3-C12环烷基或取代的-C3-C12环烯基,R4和R5各自独立选自氢、-C1-C8烷基、-C2-C8烯基、-C2-C8炔基、取代的-C1-C8烷基、取代的-C2-C8烯基、取代的-C2-C8炔基、芳基、取代的芳基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基、杂环、取代的杂环、-C3-C12环烷基、-C3-C12环烯基、取代的-C3-C12环烷基或取代的-C3-C12环烯基。R71、R72、R73和R74各自独立选自氢、卤素、-NO2、-CN、-M-R4,其中M不存在,或为O、S、NH、N(R5)、芳基、取代的芳基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基、杂环烷基和取代的杂环烷基。Z1和Z2可独立选自F、Cl和Br。
在又另一个实例中,A选自H、R1,其中R1选自-C1-C8烷基、-C2-C8烯基或-C2-C8炔基,各自含0、1、2或3个选自O、S或N的杂原子;取代的-C1-C8烷基、取代的-C2-C8烯基或取代的-C2-C8炔基,各自含0、1、2或3个选自O、S或N的杂原子;-C3-C12环烷基或取代的-C3-C12环烷基;-C3-C12环烯基或取代的-C3-C12环烯基。R6选自芳基、取代的芳基、杂芳基和取代的杂芳基。J不存在。G为-NHSO2-R3,其中R3选自芳基、取代的芳基、杂芳基、取代的杂芳基、杂环、取代的杂环、-C3-C12环烷基、-C3-C12环烯基、取代的-C3-C12环烷基或取代的-C3-C12环烯基。R71、R72、R73和R74各自独立选自氢、卤素、-NO2、-CN和-O-R4,其中R4定义同刚刚以上的实例。Z1和Z2可独立选自F、Cl和Br。
代表性本发明化合物包括但不限于以下式IV化合物(表1);
其中在表1中,描述了各实例的A、L、Q和G:
表1
本发明的特征还在于药用组合物,该组合物包含本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、酯或前药。
本发明化合物可作为唯一活性药物给予,或与一种或多种治疗或预防丙型肝炎感染或与HCV感染有关的症状的药物联用。与本发明化合物或本发明化合物组合联合给予的其它药物包括用于HCV感染引起的疾病的治疗药物,它们通过直接或间接机制抑制HCV病毒复制。这些包括药物例如宿主免疫调节剂(例如干扰素-α、聚乙二醇化干扰素-α、干扰素-β、干扰素-γ、CpG寡核苷酸等),或抑制宿主细胞功能例如肌苷一磷酸脱氢酶的抗病毒化合物(例如利巴韦林等)。还包括调节免疫功能的细胞因子。还包括疫苗,该疫苗含HCV抗原或涉及抗HCV的抗原佐剂组合。还包括以下药物,此类药物与宿主细胞成分相互作用,以通过抑制内部核糖体进入位点(IRES)引发的HCV病毒复制的翻译步骤来阻断病毒蛋白合成,或阻断病毒颗粒成熟,并与靶向膜蛋白的孔道蛋白家族例如HCV P7等的药物一起释放。与本发明化合物联合给予的其它药物包括抑制HCV复制的任何药物或联合药物,通过靶向涉及病毒复制的病毒基因组的蛋白来抑制HCV复制。这些药物包括但不限于依赖HCV RNA的RNA聚合酶的其它抑制剂,例如WO01 90121(A2),或美国专利号6,348,587B1或WO0160315或WO0132153中所述核苷型聚合酶抑制剂,或非核苷抑制剂例如EP1162196A1或WO0204425中所述苯并咪唑聚合酶抑制剂,或HCV蛋白酶抑制剂例如模拟肽(peptidomimetic)型抑制剂,例如BILN2061等,或HCV解旋酶抑制剂。
与本发明化合物联合给予的其它药物包括抑制共感染个体的其它病毒复制的任何药物或联合药物。这些药物包括但不限于用于乙型肝炎(HBV)感染引起的疾病的治疗药物,例如阿德福韦、拉米夫定和替诺福韦,或用于人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染引起的疾病的治疗药物,例如蛋白酶抑制剂:利托那韦、洛匹那韦、茚地那韦、奈非那韦、沙奎那韦、氨普那韦、阿扎那韦、替拉那韦、TMC-114、福沙那韦;逆转录酶抑制剂:齐多夫定、拉米夫定、去羟肌苷、司他夫定、替诺福韦、扎西他滨、阿巴卡韦、依法韦仑、奈韦拉平、地位韦啶、TMC-125;整合酶抑制剂:L-870812、S-1360或进入抑制剂:恩夫韦地(T-20)、T-1249。
因此,本发明的一个方面涉及治疗或预防由含RNA病毒引起的感染的方法,该方法包括联合给予需要这种治疗的患者一种或多种选自宿主免疫调节剂的药物和第二种抗病毒药物或其组合,和治疗有效量的本发明化合物或本发明化合物的组合,或其药学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、互变异构体、前药、前药的盐或其组合。宿主免疫调节剂的实例为但不限于干扰素-α、聚乙二醇化干扰素-α、干扰素-β、干扰素-γ、细胞因子、疫苗,和含抗原和佐剂的疫苗,所述第二种抗病毒药物通过抑制与病毒复制有关的宿主细胞功能或通过靶向病毒基因组的蛋白来抑制HCV复制。
本发明的再一方面涉及治疗或预防由含RNA的病毒引起的感染的方法,该方法包括联合给予需要这种治疗的患者治疗或缓解包括肝硬化和炎症在内的HCV感染症状的药物或联合药物,和治疗有效量的本发明化合物或本发明化合物的组合,或其药学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、互变异构体、前药、前药的盐或其组合。本发明的又另一方面提供治疗或预防由含RNA的病毒引起的感染的方法,该方法包括联合给予需要这种治疗的患者一种或多种治疗由乙型肝炎(HBV)感染引起的疾病的患者的药物,和治疗有效量的本发明化合物或本发明化合物的组合,或其药学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、互变异构体、前药、前药的盐或其组合。治疗患乙型肝炎(HBV)感染引起的疾病的患者的药物可以为例如但不限于L-脱氧胸苷、阿德福韦、拉米夫定或tenfovir,或其任何组合。含RNA的病毒的实例包括但不限于丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)。
本发明的另一方面提供治疗或预防由含RNA的病毒引起的感染的方法,该方法包括联合给予需要这种治疗的患者一种或多种治疗患人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染引起的疾病的患者的药物,和治疗有效量的本发明化合物或本发明化合物的组合,或其药学上可接受的盐、立体异构体、互变异构体、前药、前药的盐或其组合。治疗患人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染引起的疾病的患者的药物可包括但不限于以下药物:利托那韦、洛匹那韦、茚地那韦、奈非那韦(nelfmavir)、沙奎那韦、氨普那韦、阿扎那韦、替拉那韦、TMC-114、福沙那韦、齐多夫定、拉米夫定、去羟肌苷、司他夫定、替诺福韦、扎西他滨、阿巴卡韦、依法韦仑、奈韦拉平、地位韦啶、TMC-125、L-870812、S-1360、恩夫韦地(T-20)或T-1249或其任何组合。含RNA的病毒的实例包括但不限于丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)。另外,本发明还提供本发明化合物或本发明化合物的组合,或其治疗上可接受的盐形式、立体异构体或互变异构体、前药、前药的盐或其组合,和一种或多种选自宿主免疫调节剂的药物和第二种抗病毒药物或其组合在制备药物中的用途,所述药物用于治疗患者中含RNA的病毒引起的感染,尤其是丙型肝炎病毒。宿主免疫调节剂的实例是但不限于干扰素-α、聚乙二醇化干扰素-α、干扰素-β、干扰素-γ、细胞因子、疫苗,和含抗原和佐剂的疫苗,所述第二种抗病毒药物通过抑制与病毒复制有关的宿主细胞功能或通过靶向病毒基因组的蛋白来抑制HCV复制。
当用于以上或其它治疗时,本发明化合物或本发明化合物的组合可以纯形式使用或与上文中定义的一种或多种药物一起使用,其中此类形式以药学上可接受的盐形式、前药、前药的盐或其组合存在。或者,此类治疗药物的组合可以药用组合物给予,该药用组合物包含治疗有效量的目的化合物或目的化合物的组合,或它们的药学上可接受的盐形式、前药或前药的盐,组合应用的上文中定义的一种或多种药物,和药学上可接受的载体。可通过使所述病毒与所述药用组合物接触,用此类药用组合物抑制含RNA的病毒,尤其是丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)复制。另外,此类组合物可用于治疗或预防由含RNA的病毒,尤其是丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)引起的感染。
因此,本发明的再一个方面涉及治疗或预防由含RNA的病毒,尤其是丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)引起的感染的方法,该方法包括给予需要这种治疗的患者药用组合物,该组合物包含本发明化合物或本发明化合物的组合,或其药学上可接受的盐、立体异构体或互变异构体、前药、前药的盐或其组合;一种或多种上文中定义的药物,和药学上可接受的载体。
当以联合药物给予时,可将治疗药物配制为分离的组合物,这些组合物可同时或在预定时间段内给予,或治疗药物可按单个单位剂型给予。
考虑用于这种联合疗法的抗病毒药物包括在哺乳动物中有效抑制病毒形成和/或复制的药物(化合物或生物制剂),包括但不限于在哺乳动物中干扰病毒形成和/或复制所必需的宿主或病毒机制的药物。此类药物可选自另一种抗HCV药物;HIV抑制剂;HAV抑制剂;和HBV抑制剂。
其它抗HCV药物包括有效减少或阻止丙型肝炎相关症状或疾病发展的那些药物。此类药物包括但不限于免疫调节剂、HCV NS3蛋白酶抑制剂、其它HCV聚合酶抑制剂、HCV生命周期中的另一个靶标的抑制剂,和其它抗HCV药物,包括但不限于利巴韦林、金刚烷胺、levovirin和viramidine。
免疫调节剂包括在哺乳动物中有效增强或提高免疫系统反应的那些药物(化合物或生物制剂)。免疫调节剂包括但不限于肌苷一磷酸脱氢酶抑制剂例如VX-497(merimepodib,Vertex Pharmaceuticals)、I类干扰素、II类干扰素、复合α干扰素、脱唾液酸-干扰素聚乙二醇化干扰素和轭合干扰素,包括但不限于与包括但不限于人白蛋白的其它蛋白轭合的干扰素。I类干扰素是均与I型受体结合的一组干扰素,包括自然和合成制备的I类干扰素,而II类干扰素均与II型受体结合。I类干扰素的实例包括但不限于[α]-、[β]-、[δ]-、[ω]-和[τ]-干扰素,而II类干扰素的实例包括但不限于[γ]-干扰素。
HCV NS3蛋白酶抑制剂包括在哺乳动物中有效抑制HCV NS3蛋白酶功能的药物(化合物或生物制剂)。HCV NS3蛋白酶抑制剂包括但不限于在WO 99/07733、WO 99/07734、WO 00/09558、WO 00/09543、WO 00/59929、WO 03/064416、WO 03/064455、WO 03/064456、WO2004/030670、WO 2004/037855、WO 2004/039833、WO 2004/101602、WO 2004/101605、WO 2004/103996、WO 2005/028501、WO2005/070955、WO 2006/000085、WO 2006/007700和WO 2006/007708(均属于Boehringer Ingelheim)、WO 02/060926、WO 03/053349、WO03/099274、WO 03/099316、WO 2004/032827、WO 2004/043339、WO 2004/094452、WO 2005/046712、WO 2005/051410、WO2005/054430(均属于BMS)、WO 2004/072243、WO 2004/093798、WO2004/113365、WO 2005/010029(均属于Enanta)、WO 2005/037214(Intermune)和WO 2005/051980(Schering)中所述那些化合物,和确定为候选药物的VX-950、ITMN-191和SCH 503034。
HCV聚合酶抑制剂包括有效抑制HCV聚合酶功能的药物(化合物或生物制剂)。此类抑制剂包括但不限于HCV NS5B聚合酶的非核苷和核苷抑制剂。HCV聚合酶抑制剂的实例包括但不限于在以下专利中描述的那些化合物:WO 02/04425、WO 03/007945、WO 03/010140、WO 03/010141、WO 2004/064925、WO 2004/065367、WO 2005/080388和WO 2006/007693(均属于Boehringer Ingelheim)、WO 2005/049622(Japan Tobacco)、WO 2005/014543(Japan Tobacco)、WO 2005/012288(Genelabs)、WO 2004/087714(IRBM)、WO 03/101993(Neogenesis)、WO 03/026587(BMS)、WO 03/000254(Japan Tobacco)和WO 01/47883(Japan Tobacco),和临床候选药物XTL-2125、HCV 796、R-1626和NM283。
HCV生命周期中另一个靶标的抑制剂包括有效抑制HCV形成和/或复制而非抑制HCV NS3蛋白酶功能的药物(化合物或生物制剂)。此类药物可干扰HCV形成和/或复制所必需的宿主或HCV病毒机制。HCV生命周期中另一个靶标的抑制剂包括但不限于进入抑制剂;抑制选自以下靶标的药物:解旋酶、NS2/3蛋白酶和内部核糖体进入位点(IRES);和干扰其它病毒靶标包括但不限于NS5A蛋白和NS4B蛋白的功能的药物。
可能出现可被丙型肝炎病毒和一种或多种其它病毒共感染的患者,包括但不限于人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)、甲型肝炎病毒(HAV)和乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)。因此,还考虑通过联合给予本发明化合物和至少一种HIV抑制剂、HAV抑制剂和HBV抑制剂治疗此类共感染的联合疗法。
按照又另一个实施方案,本发明药用组合物还可含HCV生命周期中其它靶标的一种或多种抑制剂,这些靶标包括但不限于解旋酶、聚合酶、金属蛋白酶和内部核糖体进入位点(IRES)。
按照另一个实施方案,本发明药用组合物还可含另一种抗病毒、抗细菌、抗真菌或抗癌药,或免疫调节剂,或另一种治疗药物。
按照再另一个实施方案,本发明包括在需要这种治疗的患者中,治疗病毒感染,例如但不限于丙型肝炎感染的方法,该方法包括给予所述患者有效量的本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、酯或前药。
按照再一个实施方案,本发明包括在需要这种治疗的患者中治疗丙型肝炎感染的方法,该方法包括给予所述患者抗HCV病毒有效量或抑制量的本发明药用组合物。
本发明的其他实施方案包括通过使生物样品与本发明化合物接触来处理生物样品的方法。
本发明的还再一方面是用本文中描述的任何合成方法,制备本文中描述的任何化合物的方法。
预期,用于本发明的细胞色素P450单加氧酶抑制剂抑制本发明化合物的代谢。因此,细胞色素P450单加氧酶抑制剂的量将为有效抑制蛋白酶抑制剂代谢的量。因此,CYP抑制剂给予的量使得与不存在CYP抑制剂时的生物利用度相比,蛋白酶抑制剂的生物利用度增加。
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供改善本发明化合物药代动力学的方法。改善药物药代动力学的优点在本领域中得到认可(US2004/0091527;US 2004/0152625;US 2004/0091527)。因此,本发明的一个实施方案提供给予CYP3A4抑制剂和本发明化合物的方法。本发明的另一个实施方案提供给予本发明化合物和同工酶3A4(″CYP3A4″)、同工酶2C19(″CYP2C19″)、同工酶2D6(″CYP2D6″)、同工酶1A2(″CYP1A2″)、同工酶2C9(″CYP2C9″)或同工酶2E1(″CYP2E1″)的抑制剂的方法。在一个优选的实施方案中,优选CYP抑制剂抑制CYP3A4。改善有关NS3/4A蛋白酶药代动力学的任何CYP抑制剂可用于本发明方法。这些CYP抑制剂包括但不限于利托那韦(WO 94/14436)、酮康唑、醋竹桃霉素、4-甲基吡唑、环孢素A、氯美噻唑、西咪替丁、伊曲奈德、氟康唑、咪康唑、氟伏沙明、氟西汀、奈法唑酮、舍曲林、茚地那韦、奈非那韦、氨普那韦、福沙那韦、沙奎那韦、洛匹那韦、地位韦啶、红霉素、VX-944和VX-497。优选的CYP抑制剂包括利托那韦、酮康唑、醋竹桃霉素、4-甲基吡唑、环孢素A和氯美噻唑。
可以理解,本发明联合药物的给予通过一个患者小包装(pack)或各制剂的患者小包装是本发明需要的另一个特征,所述小包装在大包装中含有插入件,指导患者正确使用本发明。
按照本发明的再一个方面,为一种小包装,其含至少一种本发明化合物和本发明CYP抑制剂和信息插入件,该插入件含有关于本发明联合药物使用的指导。在本发明的备选实施方案中,药物小包装还含一种或多种本文中所述其它药物。一种或多种其它药物可通过同一小包装或单独的小包装提供。
本发明的另一个方面涉及一种包装的药剂盒,用于患者在治疗HCV感染或预防HCV感染中使用,该药剂盒含:各药物组分的单一或许多药物制剂;容器,其在储存期间和给药前容纳一种或多种药物制剂;和按有效治疗或预防HCV感染的方式进行给药的说明书。
因此,本发明提供药剂盒,用于同时或序贯给予本发明NS3/4A蛋白酶抑制剂和CYP抑制剂(和任选其它药物)或其衍生物,其按常规方式制备。通常,这种药剂盒在药学上可接受的载体(和在一种或许多药物制剂中)含例如各抑制剂和任选一种或多种其它药物的组合物,和用于同时或序贯给药的书面说明书。
在另一个实施方案中,提供包装的药剂盒,该药剂盒含用于自助给药的一个或多个剂量形式;用于在储存期间和使用前容纳剂型的容器工具,优选密封;和指导患者实施给药的说明书。说明书通常为在包装插入件、标签和/或药剂盒的其它组分上的书面说明书,和本文中所述的一个或多个剂量形式。可将各剂量形式分别放置,例如放置在金属箔片-塑料层压材料中,并且各剂量形式在各个单元或水泡眼中彼此分离,或可将剂量形式放置在单个容器例如塑料瓶中。本发明药剂盒通常也可包括包装各药剂盒组分即剂量形式的工具、容器工具和使用的书面说明书。此类包装工具可采取纸板或纸盒、塑料或箔袋等形式。
定义
以下列出用于描述本发明的各种术语的定义。这些定义适用于在本发明说明书全文和权利要求中使用的术语,除非单独或作为更大基团的一部分另外限于具体情况。
术语“病毒感染”是指病毒例如丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)被引入细胞或组织。一般而言,病毒引入还与复制有关。可用例如酶免疫测定,通过测量生物流体样品例如血液中的病毒抗体滴度测定病毒感染。其它合适的诊断方法包括以分子为基础的技术,例如RT-PCR、直接杂交俘获测定、基于核酸序列的扩增等。病毒可感染器官例如肝脏,和引起疾病例如肝炎、硬化、慢性肝病和肝细胞癌。
术语“抗癌药物”是指能防止或抑制癌进展的化合物或药物。此类药物的实例包括顺铂、放线菌素D、多柔比星、长春新碱、长春碱、依托泊苷、安吖啶、米托蒽醌、替尼泊苷、紫杉醇、秋水仙碱、环孢素A、吩噻嗪类或噻吨类(thioxantheres)。
用术语“抗真菌药物”描述可用于治疗真菌感染的除本发明的3-AP、3-AMP或3-AP和3-AMP的前药以外的化合物。按照本发明,抗真菌药物包括例如特比萘芬、氟康唑、伊曲奈德、泊沙康唑、克霉唑、灰黄霉素、制菌霉素、托萘酯、卡泊芬净、两性霉素B、两性霉素B脂质体,和两性霉素B脂质复合物。
术语“抗细菌药物”是指由微生物自然产生的抑制其它微生物生长的抗生素;和在实验室合成或修饰的具有杀菌或抑菌活性的物质,例如β-内酰胺抗菌剂、糖肽、大环内酯、喹诺酮、四环素类和氨基糖苷类。一般而言,如果抗细菌药物为抑菌性,则表示该药物基本上终止细菌细胞生长(但不杀灭细菌);如果该药物为杀菌性,则表示该药物杀灭细菌细胞(并可在杀灭细菌前终止生长)。
术语“免疫调节剂”是指将改变患者的体液或细胞免疫系统工作方式的任何物质。此类免疫调节剂包括肥大细胞介导的炎症的抑制剂、干扰素、白介素、前列腺素、类固醇、皮质类固醇、集落刺激因子、趋化因子等。
本文中使用的术语“C1-C6烷基”或“C1-C8烷基”是指分别含1-6,或1-8个碳原子的饱和直链或支链烃基。C1-C6烷基的实例包括但不限于甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基、新戊基、正己基;C1-C8烷基的实例包括但不限于甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、正丁基、叔丁基、新戊基、正己基、庚基、辛基。
本文中使用的术语“C2-C6烯基”或“C2-C8烯基”表示由烃部分衍生的基团,其中烃部分具有至少一个碳-碳双键和分别含2-6,或2-8个碳原子。烯基包括但不限于例如乙烯基、丙烯基、丁烯基、1-甲基-2-丁烯-1-基、庚烯基、辛烯基等。
本文中使用的术语“C2-C6炔基”或“C2-C8炔基”表示由烃部分衍生的基团,其中烃部分具有至少一个碳-碳三键和分别含2-6,或2-8个碳原子。代表性的炔基包括但不限于例如乙炔基、1-丙炔基、1-丁炔基、庚炔基、辛炔基等。
本文中使用的术语“C3-C8-环烷基”或“C3-C12-环烷基”表示由单环或多环饱和碳环化合物衍生的基团,其中饱和碳环化合物分别具有3-8或3-12个环原子。C3-C8-环烷基的实例包括但不限于环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环戊基和环辛基;C3-C12-环烷基的实例包括但不限于环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、双环[2.2.1]庚基和双环[2.2.2]辛基。
本文中使用的术语“C3-C8-环烯基”或“C3-C12-环烯基”表示由单环或多环碳环化合物衍生的基团,该碳环化合物具有至少一个碳-碳双键,其中碳环化合物分别具有3-8或3-12个环原子。C3-C8-环烯基的实例包括但不限于环丙烯基、环丁烯基、环戊烯基、环己烯基、环庚烯基、环辛烯基等;C3-C12-环烯基的实例包括但不限于环丙烯基、环丁烯基、环戊烯基、环己烯基、环庚烯基、环辛烯基等。
本文中使用的术语“芳基”是指具有1或2个芳环的单环或双环碳环系统,包括但不限于苯基、萘基、四氢化萘基、二氢化茚基、茚基等。
本文中使用的术语“芳基烷基”是指连接至芳环的C1-C3烷基或C1-C6烷基残基。实例包括但不限于苄基、苯乙基等。
本文中使用的术语“杂芳基”是指具有5-10个环原子的单环、双环或三环芳族基团或环,其中至少一个环原子选自S、O和N;其中环中所含的任何N或S可任选被氧化。杂芳基包括但不限于吡啶基、吡嗪基、嘧啶基、吡咯基、吡唑基、咪唑基、噻唑基、唑基、异唑基、噻二唑基、二唑基、噻吩基、呋喃基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、苯并咪唑基、苯并唑基、喹喔啉基等。
本文中使用的术语“杂芳基烷基”是指连接至杂芳环的C1-C3烷基或C1-C6烷基残基。实例包括但不限于吡啶基甲基、嘧啶基乙基等。
本文中使用的术语“取代”是指其上的1、2或3或更多个氢原子被取代基独立置换,此类取代基包括但不限于-F、-Cl、-Br、-I、-OH、保护的羟基、-NO2、-CN、-NH2、N3、保护的氨基、烷氧基、烷硫基、氧代基、-卤代-C1-C12-烷基、-卤代-C2-C12-烯基、-卤代-C2-C12-炔基、-卤代-C3-C12-环烷基、-NH-C1-C12-烷基、-NH-C2-C12-烯基、-NH-C2-C12-炔基、-NH-C3-C12-环烷基、-NH-芳基、-NH-杂芳基、-NH-杂环烷基、-二烷基氨基、-二芳基氨基、-二杂芳基氨基、-O-C1-C12-烷基、-O-C2-C12-烯基、-O-C2-C12-炔基、-O-C3-C12-环烷基、-O-芳基、-O-杂芳基、-O-杂环烷基、-C(O)-C1-C12-烷基、-C(O)-C2-C12-烯基、-C(O)-C2-C12-炔基、-C(O)-C3-C12-环烷基、-C(O)-芳基、-C(O)-杂芳基、-C(O)-杂环烷基、-CONH2、-CONH-C1-C12-烷基、-CONH-C2-C12-烯基、-CONH-C2-C12-炔基、-CONH-C3-C12-环烷基、-CONH-芳基、-CONH-杂芳基、-CONH-杂环烷基、-OCO2-C1-C12-烷基、-OCO2-C2-C12-烯基、-OCO2-C2-C12-炔基、-OCO2-C3-C12-环烷基、-OCO2-芳基、-OCO2-杂芳基、-OCO2-杂环烷基、-OCONH2、-OCONH-C1-C12-烷基、-OCONH-C2-C12-烯基、-OCONH-C2-C12-炔基、-OCONH-C3-C12-环烷基、-OCONH-芳基、-OCONH-杂芳基、-OCONH-杂环烷基、-NHC(O)-C1-C12-烷基、-NHC(O)-C2-C12-烯基、-NHC(O)-C2-C12-炔基、-NHC(O)-C3-C12-环烷基、-NHC(O)-芳基、-NHC(O)-杂芳基、-NHC(O)-杂环烷基、-NHCO2-C1-C12-烷基、-NHCO2-C2-C12-烯基、-NHCO2-C2-C12-炔基、-NHCO2-C3-C12-环烷基、-NHCO2-芳基、-NHCO2-杂芳基、-NHCO2-杂环烷基、-NHC(O)NH2、-NHC(O)NH-C1-C12-烷基、-NHC(O)NH-C2-C12-烯基、-NHC(O)NH-C2-C12-炔基、-NHC(O)NH-C3-C12-环烷基、-NHC(O)NH-芳基、-NHC(O)NH-杂芳基、-NHC(O)NH-杂环烷基、NHC(S)NH2、-NHC(S)NH-C1-C12-烷基、-NHC(S)NH-C2-C12-烯基、-NHC(S)NH-C2-C12-炔基、-NHC(S)NH-C3-C12-环烷基、-NHC(S)NH-芳基、-NHC(S)NH-杂芳基、-NHC(S)NH-杂环烷基、-NHC(NH)NH2、-NHC(NH)NH-C1-C12-烷基、-NHC(NH)NH-C2-C12-烯基、-NHC(NH)NH-C2-C12-炔基、-NHC(NH)NH-C3-C12-环烷基、-NHC(NH)NH-芳基、-NHC(NH)NH-杂芳基、-NHC(NH)NH-杂环烷基、-NHC(NH)-C1-C12-烷基、-NHC(NH)-C2-C12-烯基、-NHC(NH)-C2-C12-炔基、-NHC(NH)-C3-C12-环烷基、-NHC(NH)-芳基、-NHC(NH)-杂芳基、-NHC(NH)-杂环烷基、-C(NH)NH-C1-C12-烷基、-C(NH)NH-C2-C12-烯基、-C(NH)NH-C2-C12-炔基、-C(NH)NH-C3-C12-环烷基、-C(NH)NH-芳基、-C(NH)NH-杂芳基、-C(NH)NH-杂环烷基、-S(O)-C1-C12-烷基、-S(O)-C2-C12-烯基、-S(O)-C2-C12-炔基、-S(O)-C3-C12-环烷基、-S(O)-芳基、-S(O)-杂芳基、-S(O)-杂环烷基-SO2NH2、-SO2NH-C1-C12-烷基、-SO2NH-C2-C12-烯基、-SO2NH-C2-C12-炔基、-SO2NH-C3-C12-环烷基、-SO2NH-芳基、-SO2NH-杂芳基、-SO2NH-杂环烷基、-NHSO2-C1-C12-烷基、-NHSO2-C2-C12-烯基、-NHSO2-C2-C12-炔基、-NHSO2-C3-C12-环烷基、-NHSO2-芳基、-NHSO2-杂芳基、-NHSO2-杂环烷基、-CH2NH2、-CH2SO2CH3、-芳基、-芳基烷基、-杂芳基、-杂芳基烷基、-杂环烷基、-C3-C12-环烷基、聚烷氧基烷基、聚烷氧基、-甲氧基甲氧基、-甲氧基乙氧基、-SH、-S-C1-C12-烷基、-S-C2-C12-烯基、-S-C2-C12-炔基、-S-C3-C12-环烷基、-S-芳基、-S-杂芳基、-S-杂环烷基、甲硫基甲基或-L’-R’,其中L’为C1-C6亚烷基、C2-C6亚烯基或C2-C6亚炔基,R’为芳基、杂芳基、杂环基团、C3-C12环烷基或C3-C12环烯基。可以理解,芳基、杂芳基、烷基等可被进一步取代。在某些情况下,被取代部分中的各取代基另外任选被一个或多个基团取代,各基团独立选自-F、-Cl、-Br、-I、-OH、-NO2、-CN或-NH2。
按照本发明,本文中所述任何芳基、取代的芳基、杂芳基和取代的杂芳基可为任何芳基。芳基可被取代或未被取代。
可以理解,本文中所述任何烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基和环烯基部分也可为脂族基团、脂环基团或杂环基团。“脂族基团”是非芳族部分,其可含碳原子、氢原子、卤素原子、氧、氮或其它原子的任何组合,且任选含一个或多个不饱和单元例如双键和/或三键。脂族基团可为直链、支链或环状,优选含约1-约24个碳原子,更通常约1-约12个碳原子。除脂肪烃基外,脂族基团包括例如聚烷氧基烷基,例如聚烷二醇、聚胺和聚亚胺。此类脂族基团可进一步被取代。可以理解,可用脂族基团代替本文中所述烷基、烯基、炔基、亚烷基、亚烯基和亚炔基。
本文中使用的术语“脂环”表示由单核或多环饱和碳环化合物衍生的基团。实例包括但不限于环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、双环[2.2.1]庚基和双环[2.2.2]辛基。此类脂环基团可进一步被取代。
术语“杂环烷基”和“杂环”可互换使用,是指非芳族3元、4元、5元、6元或7元环或双环或三环基团稠合系统,其中(i)各环含1-3个独立选自氧、硫和氮的杂原子,(ii)各5元环具有0-1个双键,各6元环具有0-2个双键,(iii)氮和硫杂原子可任选被氧化,(iv)氮杂原子可任选被季铵化,(iv)以上任何环可与苯环稠合,和(v)其余环原子为可任选被氧代基取代的碳原子。代表性杂环烷基包括但不限于[1,3]二氧戊环、吡咯烷基、吡唑啉基、吡唑烷基、咪唑啉基、咪唑烷基、哌啶基、哌嗪基、唑烷基、异唑烷基、吗啉基、噻唑烷基、异噻唑烷基、喹喔啉基、哒嗪酮基和四氢呋喃基。此类杂环基可被进一步取代,得到取代的杂环。
很明显,在本发明各种实施方案中,取代或未取代的烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、环烯基、环炔基、芳基烷基、杂芳基烷基和杂环烷基将为单价或二价。因此,亚烷基、亚烯基和亚炔基、亚环烷基、亚环烯基、亚环炔基、芳基亚烷基、杂芳基亚烷基(hetoerarylalkylene)和杂环亚烷基将包括在以上定义中,且可适用于以合适的化合价提供本文所述式。
本文中使用的术语“羟基活化基团”是指本领域中已知的使羟基活化以使其在合成操作例如在取代或消除反应期间分离的不稳定化学部分。羟基活化基团的实例包括但不限于甲磺酸酯基、甲苯磺酸酯基、三氟甲磺酸酯基、对-硝基苯甲酸酯基、膦酸酯基等。
本文中使用的术语“活化羟基”是指被以上定义的羟基活化基团活化的羟基,包括例如甲磺酸酯基、甲苯磺酸酯基、三氟甲磺酸酯基、对-硝基苯甲酸酯基、膦酸酯基。
本文中使用的术语“保护的羟基”是指被以上定义的羟基保护基团保护的羟基,包括苯甲酰基、乙酰基、三甲基甲硅烷基、三乙基甲硅烷基、甲氧基甲基。
本文中使用的术语“卤代”和“卤素”是指选自氟、氯、溴和碘的原子。
本文中所述化合物含一个或多个不对称中心,因此导致可按绝对立体化学定义的对映体、非对映体和其它立体异构体形式,如(R)-或(S)-,或对于氨基酸为(D)-或(L)-。本发明将包括所有此类可能的异构体,和它们的外消旋形式及旋光纯形式。可通过上述方法或通过拆分外消旋混合物,由它们相应的光学活性前体制备旋光异构体。可在拆分试剂的存在下,通过本领域技术人员已知的色谱或反复重结晶或这些技术的一些组合进行拆分。有关拆分的进一步细节可在Jacques,etal.,Enantiomers,Racemates,and Resolutions(John Wiley & Sons,1981)中找到。当本文中所述化合物含几何不对称的烯烃双键或其它中心时,除另有说明外,所述化合物将包括E和Z几何异构体。同样,也将包括所有互变异构体形式。除本文另有说明外,为了方便,仅选择本文中出现的任何碳-碳双键的构型,且并不打算指定具体的构型;因此本文中任意以反式描绘的碳-碳双键可以为顺式、反式,或两种形式任何比例的混合物。
本文中使用的术语“受试者”是指哺乳动物。因此,受试者是指例如狗、猫、马、母牛、猪、豚鼠等。优选,受试者为人。当受试者为人时,受试者在本文中可称为患者。
本文中使用的术语“药学上可接受的盐”是指由本发明方法形成的化合物的那些盐,在合理的医学判断的范围内,这些盐适用于与人和低等动物的组织接触而无过度毒性、刺激、过敏反应等,且与合理的利益/风险比相匹配。本领域中熟知药学上可接受的盐。
本文中使用的术语“羟基保护基团”是指本领域中已知的在合成操作期间,防止羟基发生不需要的反应的不稳定的化学部分。所述合成操作后,可将本文中所述羟基保护基团选择性除去。本领域中已知的羟基保护基的一般性描述参见T.H.Greene and P.G.,S.M.Wuts,Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,第3版,John Wiley & Sons,New York(1999)。羟基保护基的实例包括苄氧基羰基、4-硝基苄氧基羰基、4-溴苄氧基羰基、4-甲氧基苄氧基羰基、甲氧基羰基、叔丁氧基羰基、异丙氧基羰基、二苯基甲氧基羰基、2,2,2-三氯乙氧基羰基、2-(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基羰基、2-糠氧基羰基、烯丙氧基羰基、乙酰基、甲酰基、氯乙酰基、三氟乙酰基、甲氧基乙酰基、苯氧基乙酰基、苯甲酰基、甲基、叔丁基、2,2,2-三氯乙基、2-三甲基甲硅烷基乙基、1,1-二甲基-2-丙烯基、3-甲基-3-丁烯基、烯丙基、苄基、对甲氧基苄基二苯基甲基、三苯基甲基(三苯甲基)、四氢呋喃基、甲氧基甲基、甲硫基甲基、苄氧基甲基、2,2,2-三氯(triehloro)乙氧基甲基、2-(三甲基甲硅烷基)乙氧基甲基、甲磺酰基、对-甲苯磺酰基、三甲基甲硅烷基、三乙基甲硅烷基、三异丙基甲硅烷基等。本发明中优选的羟基保护基为乙酰基(Ac或-C(O)CH3)、苯甲酰基(Bz或-C(O)C6H5),和三甲基甲硅烷基(TMS或-Si(CH3)3)。Berge,et al.在J.PharmaceuticalSciences,66:1-19(1977)中详细描述了药学上可接受的盐。可在最后分离和纯化本发明化合物期间原位制备盐,或通过使游离碱官能团与合适的有机酸反应另外制备盐。药学上可接受的盐的实例包括但不限于无毒酸加成盐,例如由无机酸例如盐酸、氢溴酸、磷酸、硫酸和高氯酸或有机酸例如乙酸、马来酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸或丙二酸或通过用本领域中使用的其它方法例如离子交换形成的氨基的盐。其它药学上可接受的盐包括但不限于己二酸盐、藻酸盐、抗坏血酸盐、天冬氨酸盐、苯磺酸盐、苯甲酸盐、硫酸氢盐、硼酸盐、丁酸盐、樟脑酸盐、樟磺酸盐、柠檬酸盐、环戊烷丙酸盐、二葡糖酸盐、十二烷基硫酸盐、乙磺酸盐、甲酸盐、富马酸盐、葡糖基庚酸盐、甘油磷酸盐、葡糖酸盐、半硫酸盐、庚酸盐、己酸盐、氢碘酸盐、2-羟基-乙磺酸盐、乳糖酸盐、乳酸盐、月桂酸盐、十二烷基硫酸盐、苹果酸盐、马来酸盐、丙二酸盐、甲磺酸盐、2-萘磺酸盐、烟酸盐、硝酸盐、油酸盐、草酸盐、棕榈酸盐、扑姆酸盐、果胶酸盐、过硫酸盐、3-苯基丙酸盐、磷酸盐、苦味酸盐、新戊酸盐、丙酸盐、硬脂酸盐、琥珀酸盐、硫酸盐、酒石酸盐、硫氰酸盐、对-甲苯磺酸盐、十一酸盐、戊酸盐等。代表性的碱金属或碱土金属盐包括钠、锂、钾、钙、镁等。适当时,其它药学上可接受的盐包括无毒铵、季铵;和用反荷离子例如卤离子、氢氧根离子、羧酸根离子、硫酸根离子、磷酸根离子、硝酸根离子、具有1-6个碳原子的烷基、磺酸根离子和芳基磺酸根离子形成的胺阳离子。
本文中使用的术语“氨基保护基团”是指本领域中已知的在合成操作期间,防止氨基发生不需要的反应的不稳定化学部分。所述合成操作后,可将本文所述氨基保护基团选择性除去。本领域中已知的氨基保护基团的一般性描述参见T.H.Greene and P.G.M.Wuts,Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,第3版,John Wiley & Sons,New York(1999)。氨基保护基团的实例包括但不限于叔丁氧基羰基、9-芴基甲氧基羰基、苄氧基羰基等。
本文中使用的术语“药学上可接受的酯”是指由本发明方法形成的在体内水解的化合物的酯,它们包括在人体中容易分解得到母体化合物或其盐的那些酯。合适的酯基包括例如由药学上可接受的脂族羧酸,尤其是链烷酸、链烯酸、环烷酸和烷二酸衍生的那些基团,其中各烷基或烯基部分最好具有的碳原子不大于6个。具体的酯的实例包括但不限于甲酸酯、乙酸酯、丙酸酯、丁酸酯、丙烯酸酯和乙基丁二酸酯。
本文中使用的术语“药学上可接受的前药”是指由本发明方法形成的化合物的那些前药,在合理的医学判断的范围内,这些前药适用于与人和低等动物的组织接触而无过度毒性、刺激、过敏反应等,与合理的利益/风险比相匹配,和对于它们的预定用途有效;和在可能时,为本发明化合物的两性离子形式。本文中使用的“前药”表示可通过代谢方式(例如水解)在体内转化得到由本发明式描绘的任何化合物的化合物。本领域中已知各种形式的前药,例如在Bundgaard,(ed.),Designof Prodrugs,Elsevier(1985);Widder,et al.(ed.),Methods in Enzymology,第4卷,Academic Press(1985);Krogsgaard-Larsen,et al.,(ed.),前药的设计和应用(″Design and Application of Prodrugs),Textbook of DrugDesign and Development,第5章,113-191(1991);Bundgaard,et al.,Journal of Drug Deliver Reviews,8:1-38(1992);Bundgaard,J.ofPharmaceutical Sciences,77:285et seq.(1988);Higuchi and Stella(eds.)(作为新的递药系统的前药)“Prodrugs as Novel Drug Delivery Systems”,American Chemical Society(1975);和Bernard Testa & Joachim Mayer,“Hydrolysis In Drug And Prodrug Metabolism:Chemistry,BiochemistryAnd Enzymology,”John Wiley and Sons,Ltd.(2002)中论述的前药。
术语“酰基”包括由包括但不限于羧酸、氨基甲酸、碳酸、磺酸和磷酸的酸衍生的残基。实例包括脂族羰基、芳族羰基、脂族磺酰基、芳族亚磺酰基、脂族亚磺酰基、芳族磷酸酯基和脂族磷酸酯基。脂族羰基的实例包括但不限于乙酰基、丙酰基、2-氟乙酰基、丁酰基、2-羟基乙酰基等。
本文中使用的术语“非质子溶剂”是指对质子活性相对惰性即不起质子供体的作用的溶剂。实例包括但不限于烃例如己烷和甲苯,例如卤代烃例如二氯甲烷、二氯乙烷、氯仿等;杂环化合物例如四氢呋喃和N-甲基吡咯烷酮,和醚例如乙醚、二-甲氧基甲基醚。本领域技术人员熟知此类溶剂,对于特定化合物和反应条件可优选使用单独的溶剂或其混合物,取决于例如此类因素如试剂的溶解性、试剂的活性和优选的温度范围。有关非质子溶剂的进一步论述可在有机化学教材或特定的专著例如:Organic Solvents Physical Properties and Methodsof Purification,第4版,John A.Riddick et al编辑.,Vol.II,在Techniques of Chemistry Series,John Wiley & Sons,NY,1986中找到。
本文中使用的术语“给质子有机溶剂”或“质子溶剂”是指有提供质子趋势的溶剂,例如醇,例如甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇、丁醇、叔丁醇等。本领域技术人员熟知此类溶剂,对于特定化合物和反应条件可优选使用单独的溶剂或其混合物,取决于例如此类因素如试剂的溶解性、试剂的活性和优选的温度范围。有关给质子溶剂的进一步论述可在有机化学教材或特定的专著例如:Organic Solvents PhysicalProperties and Methods of Purification,第4版,John A.Riddick et al编辑.,Vol.II,在Techniques of Chemistry Series,John Wiley & Sons,NY,1986中找到。
本发明设想的取代基和变量的组合仅为导致形成稳定化合物的那些。本文中使用的术语“稳定”是指具有足以允许制备的稳定性,和在可用于本文中详述目的(例如治疗或预防性给予患者)的足够的时间期内保持化合物完整的化合物。
可将合成的化合物与反应混合物分离,通过方法例如柱色谱、高效液相色谱或重结晶进一步纯化。另外,可按交替顺序或次序进行各种合成步骤,得到需要的化合物。另外,本文中描述的溶剂、温度、反应持续时间等仅用于说明目的,改变反应条件可得到需要的本发明桥接大环产物。可用于合成本文中所述化合物的合成化学转化和保护基团方法(保护和脱保护)包括例如在R.Larock,ComprehensiveOrganic Transformations,VCH Publishers(1989);T.W.Greene andP.G.M.Wuts,Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,第2版,JohnWiley and Sons(1991);L.Fieser and M.Fieser,Fieser and Fieser′sReagents for Organic Synthesis,John Wiley and Sons(1994);和L.Paquette,ed.,Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis,JohnWiley and Sons(1995)中描述的那些。
可通过本文中描述的合成方法,通过连接各种官能团修饰本发明化合物,以增强选择性生物学性质。此类修饰包括增加生物学渗透到给定生物系统(例如血液、淋巴系统、中枢神经系统)、增加口服利用度、增加溶解度以允许通过注射给药、改变代谢和改变排泄速度的那些。
药用组合物
本发明药用组合物包含治疗有效量的本发明化合物和配制在一起的一种或多种药学上可接受的载体。本文中使用的术语“药学上可接受的载体”表示无毒的惰性固体、半固体或液体填充剂、稀释剂、囊封材料或任何类型的制剂助剂。可用作药学上可接受的载体的材料的一些实例为糖例如乳糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖;淀粉例如玉米淀粉和马铃薯淀粉;纤维素及其衍生物例如羧甲基纤维素钠、乙基纤维素和醋酸纤维素;黄芪胶粉末;麦芽;明胶;滑石粉;赋形剂例如可可豆脂和栓剂蜡;油例如花生油、棉子油;红花油;芝麻油;橄榄油;玉米油和大豆油;二醇;例如丙二醇;酯例如油酸乙酯和月桂酸乙酯;琼脂;缓冲剂例如氢氧化镁和氢氧化铝;藻酸;无热原水;等渗盐水;林格氏液;乙醇和磷酸盐缓冲液;和其它无毒相容性润滑剂例如十二烷基硫酸钠和硬脂酸镁;以及着色剂、释放剂、包衣剂、甜味剂、矫味剂和芳香剂、防腐剂和抗氧剂根据制剂师的判断,也可存在于组合物中。可经口、直肠、肠胃外、脑池内、阴道内、腹膜内、局部(如通过粉末、软膏或滴剂)、含服,或以口腔或鼻喷雾剂给予人和其它动物本发明药用组合物。
可经口、肠胃外、吸入喷雾剂、局部、直肠、鼻、含服、阴道或通过植入的储库,优选通过经口给予或通过注射给予来给予本发明药用组合物。本发明药用组合物可含任何常规无毒药学上可接受的载体、助剂或溶媒。在某些情况下,可用药学上可接受的酸、碱或缓冲剂调节制剂的pH,以增强配制的化合物或其递药形式的稳定性。本文中使用的术语肠胃外包括皮下、皮内、静脉内、肌内、关节内、动脉内、滑膜内、胸骨内、鞘内、损害内和颅内注射或输注技术。
用于经口给药的液体剂型包括药学上可接受的乳液、微乳、溶液、混悬液、糖浆和酏剂。除活性化合物外,液体剂型可含本领域中常用的惰性稀释剂例如水或其它溶剂;增溶剂和乳化剂例如乙醇、异丙醇、碳酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、苄醇、苯甲酸苄酯、丙二醇、1,3-丁二醇、二甲基甲酰胺、油(尤其是,棉子、落花生、玉米、麦芽、橄榄、蓖麻和芝麻油)、甘油、四氢糠醇、聚乙二醇和脱水山梨醇的脂肪酸酯,及其混合物。除惰性稀释剂外,口服组合物也可包含助剂例如润湿剂、乳化剂和悬浮剂、甜味剂、矫味剂和芳香剂。
可按已知技术,用合适的分散剂,或润湿剂和悬浮剂配制注射制剂,例如无菌注射水或油混悬液。无菌注射制剂也可以是在无毒肠胃外可接受的稀释剂或溶剂中的无菌注射溶液、混悬液或乳液,如在1,3-丁二醇中的溶液。在可接受的溶媒和溶剂中,可使用的是水、林格氏液、U.S.P.和等渗氯化钠溶液。另外,无菌非挥发油通常用作溶剂或悬浮介质。为此目的,可使用任何无刺激性非挥发油,包括合成的甘油单酸酯或甘油二酸酯。另外,脂肪酸例如油酸还用于注射制剂中。
可例如通过截留细菌的滤器过滤,或通过将消毒剂掺入无菌固体组合物形式将注射制剂灭菌,临用前,可将无菌固体组合物溶于或分散于无菌水或其它无菌注射介质。
为延长药物的作用,通常需要延缓皮下或肌内注射药物的吸收。这可通过使用水溶解性差的结晶或无定形材料的液体混悬液达到。药物吸收速度则取决于其溶出速度,而溶出速度又可取决于结晶大小和晶型。或者,通过将药物溶于或悬浮于油溶媒实现肠胃外给予药物的延迟吸收。通过在可生物降解的聚合物例如聚丙交酯-聚乙交酯中形成药物的微囊基质制备注射储库形式。根据药物与聚合物的比例和具体使用的聚合物的性质,可控制药物释放速度。其它可生物降解的聚合物的实例包括聚(原酸酯)和聚(酸酐)。也可通过将药物包埋在与身体组织相容的脂质体或微乳中制备储库注射制剂。
用于直肠或阴道给药的组合物优选为栓剂,可通过将本发明化合物与合适的非刺激性赋形剂或载体例如可可豆脂、聚乙二醇或栓剂蜡混合制备栓剂,这些赋形剂或载体在环境温度下为固体但在体温下为液体,因此在直肠或阴道腔中融化并释放活性化合物。
用于经口给药的固体剂型包括胶囊剂、片剂、丸剂、散剂和颗粒剂。在此类固体剂型中,活性化合物与至少一种惰性药学上可接受的赋形剂或载体例如柠檬酸钠或磷酸二钙和/或:a)填充剂或补充剂例如淀粉、乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露醇和硅酸,b)粘合剂例如羧甲基纤维素、藻酸盐、明胶、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、蔗糖和阿拉伯胶,c)保湿剂例如甘油,d)崩解剂例如琼脂-琼脂、碳酸钙、马铃薯淀粉或木薯淀粉、藻酸、某些硅酸盐和碳酸钠,e)溶液阻滞剂例如石蜡,f)促吸收剂例如季铵化合物,g)湿润剂例如鲸蜡醇和甘油单硬脂酸酯,h)吸附剂例如高岭土和膨润土,和i)润滑剂例如滑石粉、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、固体聚乙二醇、十二烷基硫酸钠及其混合物混合。在胶囊剂,片剂和丸剂的情况中,剂型也可含缓冲剂。
在软和硬填充的明胶胶囊剂中,也可用相似类型的固体组合物作为填充剂,所述胶囊剂使用此类赋形剂如乳糖或乳糖和高分子量聚乙二醇等。
活性化合物也可与一种或多种上述赋形剂一起存在于微囊化形式中。片剂、锭剂、胶囊剂、丸剂和颗粒剂的固体剂型可制备成具有包衣和壳,例如肠溶包衣、控释包衣和药剂领域中熟知的其它包衣。
在此类固体剂型中,活性化合物可与至少一种惰性稀释剂例如蔗糖、乳糖或淀粉混合。按正常实践,此类剂型也可含除惰性稀释剂外的其它物质,例如压片润滑剂和其它压片助剂如硬脂酸镁和微晶纤维素。在胶囊剂、片剂和丸剂的情况中,剂型也可含缓冲剂。它们可任选含遮光剂,且也可具有它们仅释放活性成分的组成,或优先在肠道的某个部分,任选按缓释方式释放。可使用的包埋组合物的实例包括高分子材料和蜡。
用于局部或透皮给予本发明化合物的剂型包括软膏剂、糊剂、霜剂、洗剂、凝胶剂、散剂、溶液、喷雾剂、吸入剂或贴剂。在无菌条件下,将活性成分与药学上可接受的载体和任何需要的防腐剂或可能需要的缓冲剂混合。还考虑眼用制剂、耳滴剂、眼软膏、散剂和溶液也在本发明范围内。
除本发明活性化合物外,软膏剂、糊剂、霜剂和凝胶剂还可含赋形剂例如动物和植物脂肪、油、蜡、石蜡、淀粉、黄芪胶、纤维素衍生物、聚乙二醇、聚硅氧烷、膨润土、硅酸、滑石粉和氧化锌,或其混合物。
除本发明化合物外,散剂和喷雾剂可含赋形剂例如乳糖、滑石粉、硅酸、氢氧化铝、硅酸钙和聚酰胺粉末,或这些物质的混合物。喷雾剂还可含常用抛射剂例如氯氟烃。
透皮贴剂具有提供控制递送化合物至身体的附加优点。可通过将化合物溶于或分散在合适的介质中制备此类剂型。也可用促吸收剂增加穿越皮肤的化合物的通量。可通过提供速度控制膜或将化合物分散在聚合物基质或凝胶中控制速度。
抗病毒活性
本发明化合物的抑制量或剂量范围可为约0.01mg/Kg-约500mg/Kg,或者约1-约50mg/Kg。抑制量或剂量也会变化,取决于给药途径,和与其它药物共同使用的可能性。
按照本发明治疗方法,通过按达到需要的结果所必需的此类量和此类时间,给予患者抗丙型肝炎病毒有效量或抑制量的本发明化合物,在患者例如人或低等动物中治疗或预防病毒感染。另一个本发明方法为按达到需要的结果所必需的此类量和此类时间,用抑制量的本发明组合物的化合物来处理生物样品。
本文中使用的术语本发明化合物的“抗丙型肝炎病毒有效量”表示在生物样品或患者中足以减少病毒荷量的量(例如导致病毒荷量减少至少10%,优选至少50%,更优选至少80%,最优选至少90%或95%)。如医学领域中充分理解的那样,本发明化合物的抗丙型肝炎病毒有效量将具有适用于任何医学治疗的合理的利益/风险比。
本发明化合物的术语“抑制量”表示在生物样品或患者中足以减少丙型肝炎病毒荷量的量(例如导致病毒荷量减少至少10%,优选至少50%,更优选至少80%,最优选至少90%或95%)。可以理解,当给予患者所述抑制量的本发明化合物时,其将具有由医师确定的适用于任何医学治疗的合理的利益/风险比。本文中使用的术语“生物样品”表示预定给予患者的生物源物质。生物样品的实例包括但不限于血液及其成分例如血浆、血小板、血细胞的亚群等;器官例如肾脏、肝脏、心脏、肺等;精子和卵子;骨髓及其成分;或干细胞。因此,本发明的另一个实施方案为通过使所述生物样品与抑制量的本发明化合物或药用组合物接触处理生物样品的方法。
当患者的状况改善后,如果需要,可给予维持剂量的本发明化合物、组合物或联合药物。然后,剂量或给药频次或二者可作为症状的函数减少至改善的状况保持的水平,当症状缓解至需要的水平时,应停止治疗。但是,当疾病症状出现任何复发时,患者可能需要在长期基础上的间歇治疗。
但是可以理解,本发明化合物和组合物的每日总用量应由主治医师在合理的医学判断范围内决定。用于任何具体患者的具体抑制剂量将取决于多种因素,这些因素包括所治疗的病症和该病症的严重程度;使用的具体化合物的活性;使用的具体组合物;患者的年龄、体重、一般健康状况、性别和饮食;给药时间、给药途径,和使用的具体化合物的排泄速率;治疗持续时间;在联合药物中或与使用的具体化合物同时使用的药物;和医学领域中熟知的类似因素。
按单次剂量或分次剂量给予患者的本发明化合物的每日总抑制剂量可为例如0.01-50mg/kg体重,或更通常0.1-25mg/kg体重的量。单剂量组合物可含组成日剂量的此类量或其约数。一般而言,本发明治疗方案包括每日按单个或多个剂量给予需要这种治疗的患者约10mg-约1000mg本发明化合物。
除另有定义外,本文中使用的所有技术和科学术语均符合本领域普通技术人员通常已知的含义。所有出版物、专利、公布的专利申请和本文中所述其它参考文献均通过引用而整体结合到本文中。
缩写
用于以下流程和实施例描述的缩写为:
ACN 乙腈
BME 2-巯基乙醇
COD 环辛二烯
DAST 二乙基氨基三氟化硫
DABCYL 6-(N-4′-羧基-4-(二甲基氨基)偶氮苯)-氨基己基-1-O-(2-氰
基乙基)-(N,N-二异丙基)-亚磷酰胺
DCM 二氯甲烷
DIAD 偶氮二甲酸二异丙酯
DIBAL-H 氢化二异丁基铝
DIEA 二异丙基乙胺
DMAP N,N-二甲基氨基吡啶
DME 乙二醇二甲醚
DMEM Dulbecco 氏改良虎红培养基
DMF N,N-二甲基甲酰胺
DMSO 二甲基亚砜
EDANS 5-(2-氨基-乙基氨基)-萘-1-磺酸
EDCI或EDC 1-(3-二乙基氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐
EtOAc 乙酸乙酯
Hoveyda’s Cat 二氯(邻-异丙氧基苯基亚甲基)(三环己基膦)合钌(II)
KHMDS 二(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨基钾
Ms 甲磺酰基
NMM N-4-甲基吗啉
Ph 苯基
RCM 环合易位
RT 逆转录
RT-PCR 逆转录-聚合酶链反应
TEA 三乙胺
TFA 三氟乙酸
THF 氢呋喃
TLC 薄层层析
TPP或PPh3 三苯基膦
tBOC或Boc 叔丁氧基羰基;和
Xantphos 4,5-双-二苯基膦烷基(phosphanyl)-9,9-二甲基-9H-氧杂蒽
合成方法
结合以下合成流程可更好地理解本发明化合物和方法,这些合成流程用于说明可制备本发明化合物的方法,这些流程仅用于说明而非限制本发明范围。公开实施方案的各种改变和修改对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的,可进行此类改变和修改包括但不限于与本发明化学结构、取代基、衍生物和/或方法有关的那些,而不背离本发明的精神和权利要求的范围。
流程1
本发明化合物的通用合成策略如流程1所示。使二氟甲基P1氨基酸化合物1-1与P2-P3中间体1-2偶合,得到酯1-3,将该酯水解,得到羧酸1-4。用CDI和磺酰胺RSO2NH2将酸1-4转化为磺酰亚胺化合物1-5。也可通过使P2-P3中间体1-2与二氟甲基P1磺酰亚胺化合物1-6直接偶合制备最终化合物1-5。二氟甲基P1衍生物和P2-P3中间体的合成方法在以下流程中描述。
流程2
流程2概述了二氟甲基P1(1-1)的合成。将单-Boc氨基酸酯进一步保护为二-Boc氨基酸酯2-2。将化合物2-2氧化裂解,得到醛2-3,然后用氨基三氟化硫衍生物例如二乙基氨基三氟化硫(DAST)将该醛转化成二氟甲基化合物2-4。用HCl将2-4脱保护,得到需要的二氟甲基P1化合物1-1。
流程3
按流程3所示制备二氟甲基P1磺酰亚胺衍生物1-6。将化合物2-4水解,得到酸3-1,用CDI/RSO2NH2/DBU或HATU/DIPEA/RSO2NH2将该酸转化为3-2。使3-2脱保护,得到需要的中间体1-6。
流程4
在流程4中举例说明了制备中间体1-2的通用方法。由Boc-L-叔亮氨酸4-1和顺式-L-羟基脯氨酸甲酯4-2合成无环二肽前体4-3。在Mitsunobu条件下,使化合物4-3与亲核性W偶合,得到化合物4-5。有关Mitsunobu反应的进一步的详情参见O.Mitsunobu,Synthesis 1981,1-28;D.L.Hughes,Org.React.29,1-162(1983);D.L.Hughes,OrganicPreparations and Procedures Int.28,127-164(1996);和J.A.Dodge,S.A.Jones,Recent Res.Dev.Org.Chem.1,273-283(1997)。或者,在碱(例如三乙胺)的存在下,使化合物4-3与MsCl反应,得到化合物4-4。在碱(例如Cs2CO3)的存在下,由亲核性W置换MsO基团,得到化合物4-5。然后将化合物4-5的酸保护基除去,得到式1-2化合物。
流程5
在流程5中举例说明了制备中间体1-2的另一个通用方法。由Boc-L-叔-亮氨酸4-1和反式-L-羟基脯氨酸甲酯5-1合成无环二肽前体5-2。在碱的存在下,使化合物5-2与Q′反应(通过SN2置换),得到化合物4-5。然后将化合物4-5的酸保护基除去,得到式1-2化合物。
本文中引用的所有参考文献,无论印刷、电子、计算机可读的贮存介质还是其它形式均通过引用而整体结合到本文中,包括但不限于摘要、文章、杂志、出版物、教材、条约、网站、数据库、专利和专利公报。
实施例
结合以下实施例可更好地理解本发明化合物和方法,这些实施例仅用于说明而不限制本发明范围。公开实施方案的各种改变和修改对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的,可进行此类改变和修改包括但不限于与本发明化学结构、取代基、衍生物、制剂和/或方法有关的那些,而不背离本发明的精神和权利要求的范围。
步骤1A
在0℃下,向Boc-L-叔-亮氨酸(4.544g,19.65mmol)、顺式-L-羟基脯氨酸甲酯(19.65mmol)和DIPEA(10.3ml,59.1mmol)的DMF(80ml)溶液中分批加入HATU(7.84g,20.6mmol)。将混合物在室温下搅拌18h,用EtOAc稀释,用半饱和NaCl水溶液洗涤4次。有机相经无水MgSO4干燥,过滤,然后真空浓缩。残渣经硅胶层析(己烷/EtOAC=1∶1-1∶2)纯化,得到化合物1a(7.8g)。MS(ESI):m/e 359.24(M+H)。
步骤1B
在0℃下,向以上1a(1.363g,3.803mmol)、3-(噻吩-2-基)-1H-喹喔啉-2-酮(0.868g,3.803mmol))和三苯基膦(2.0g,7.6mmol)在THF中的混合物中滴加DIAD(1.5ml,7.6mmol)。将得到的混合物在0℃下保持15分钟,然后升温至室温。18小时后,将混合物真空浓缩,残渣经层析(己烷/EtOAC=9∶1-7∶3)纯化,得到1b(1.8g)。MS(ESI):m/e 569.27(M+H).
步骤1C
向化合物1b(1.77g,3.11mmol)的THF/MeOH/H2O(36ml-18ml-18ml)溶液中加入氢氧化锂一水合物(0.783g,18.6mmol)。将混合物在室温下搅拌20小时。将大部分有机溶剂真空蒸发,将得到的残渣用水稀释,酸化至pH 5-6。将混合物用EtOAc萃取3次。将合并的有机萃取液干燥(MgSO4),过滤,真空浓缩,得到1c(95%)。MS(ESI):m/e 555.26(M+H).
步骤1D
在-78℃下,向化合物1d-1(6.6g,25.85mmol)的THF(115ml)溶液中缓慢加入NaHMDS(1.0M的THF溶液,28.5ml,28.5mmol)。将混合物在-78℃下搅拌1小时后,加入Boc2O(6.8g,1.2当量)的THF(15ml)溶液。将得到的混合物搅拌,让温度逐渐升至室温过夜。将反应混合物用EtOAc稀释,用盐水(2x)洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),真空浓缩。残渣经硅胶层析(己烷/EtOAc=1∶0-85∶15)纯化,得到1d(8.05g)。
步骤1E
向化合物1d(0.5g,1.4mmol)的异丙醇(5ml)溶液中依次加入NaIO4(0,9g,4.2mmol)、水(5ml)。剧烈搅拌下,向该混合物中加入OsO4(0.4%水溶液,0.22m,2.5%当量)。将得到的混合物在室温下搅拌4h,用EtOAc稀释,用NaHCO3水溶液、Na2S2O3水溶液、盐水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),真空浓缩。残渣经硅胶层析(己烷/EtOAc=1∶0-85∶15)纯化,得到1e(0.37g)。
在-78℃下,向化合物1e(2.9g,8.1mmol)的二氯甲烷(25ml)溶液中加入二乙基氨基三氟化硫(DAST)(2.7ml,20.25mmol)。将得到的混合物在-78℃下搅拌1小时,然后在6h内让温度逐渐升至室温,用EtOAc稀释,用NaHCO3水溶液(2x)、盐水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),真空浓缩。残渣经硅胶层析(己烷/EtOAc=1∶0-85∶15)纯化,得到1f(1.49g)。回收到原料1f(1.2g)。
步骤1G
向化合物1f(381mg,1.4mmol)的THF/MeOH(24ml-12ml)溶液中加入氢氧化锂水合物水溶液1.0M,12ml,12mmol)。将混合物在室温下搅拌2天。将大部分有机溶剂真空蒸发,将得到的残渣用水稀释,酸化至pH 5-6。将混合物用EtOAc萃取3次。将合并的有机萃取液干燥(MgSO4),过滤,真空浓缩,得到化合物1g(~100%),直接用于下一步。
步骤1H
将化合物1g(1.33mmol)和羰基二咪唑(323mg,2.mmol)溶于5ml无水DMF,将得到的溶液在40℃下搅拌1小时。将环丙基磺酰胺(483mg,4mmol)加入反应混合物,然后加入DBU(0.26ml,1.7mmol)。将反应混合物在40℃下搅拌18小时。将反应混合物用乙酸乙酯稀释,用半饱和NaCl水溶液洗涤4次。有机层经无水(MgSO4)干燥,真空浓缩,得到化合物1h,该化合物直接用于下一步。
步骤1I
步骤1J
在0℃下,向化合物1c(0.075mmol)、1i(1当量)和DIPEA(0.78ml,0.448mmol)的DMF(3ml)溶液中加入HATU(37mg,0.097mmol)。将混合物在室温下搅拌18h,用EtOAc稀释,用半饱和NaCl水溶液洗涤4次。有机相经无水MgSO4干燥,过滤,然后真空浓缩。残渣经制备HPLC纯化,得到标题化合物(10mg)。MS(ESI);m/z 791.36(M+H).
将化合物实施例1(7mg)的二氯甲烷(0.5ml)溶液用4N HCl的1,4-二烷(1ml,4mmol)溶液处理。将混合物在室温下搅拌1小时,浓缩至干,得到标题化合物(HCl盐)。MS(ESI):691.29(M+H).
在0℃下,向实施例2化合物(0.002mmol)和三乙胺(0.04ml,35当量)的DMF(1ml)溶液中加入氯代甲酸环戊酯(1.5M的甲苯溶液,0.02ml,0.03mmol)。然后将得到的混合物在室温下搅拌0.5-2h,用EtOAc稀释,用盐水(2x)洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),真空浓缩。残渣经制备HPLC纯化,得到标题化合物(2mg)。MS(ESI);m/z 803.36(M+H).
在0℃下,向化合物4-1(2mg,0.009mmol)、实施例2化合物(0.004mmol)和DIPEA(0.02ml,0.12mmol)的DMF(1ml)溶液中加入HATU(4mg,0.01mmol)。将混合物在室温下搅拌18h,用EtOAc稀释,用半饱和NaCl水溶液洗涤4次。有机相经无水MgSO4干燥,过滤,然后真空浓缩。残渣经制备HPLC纯化,得到标题化合物(2mg)。MS(ESI);m/z 888.44(M+H).
按实施例1-4和合成方法部分中所述方法,制备表1中式VI化合物实施例5-29。
本发明化合物显示有效抗HCV NS3蛋白酶的抑制性质。以下实施例描述其中可测试本发明化合物抗HCV作用的测定方法。
实施例30:NS3/NS4a蛋白酶测定
用内猝灭荧光发光底物测定HCV蛋白酶活性和抑制。使DABCYL和EDANS基团连接到短肽的相对末端。当蛋白水解解离时,DABCYL基团导致的EDANS荧光猝灭减轻。用Molecular DevicesFluoromax(或等同物),用激发波长355nm和发射波长485nm测量荧光。
在Corning白色半面积96孔板(VWR 29444-312[Corning 3693])中,用经NS4A辅因子固定的全长NS3HCV蛋白酶1b进行测定(酶终浓度1-15nM)。用10μM NS4A辅因子Pep 4A(Anaspec 25336或内部,MW 1424.8)补充测定缓冲液。用RET S1(Ac-Asp-Glu-Asp(EDANS)-Glu-Glu-Abu-[COO]Ala-Ser-Lys-(DABCYL)-NH2,(SEQ ID NO:4)AnaSpec 22991,MW 1548.6)作为荧光发光肽底物。测定缓冲液含pH 7.5的50mM Hepes、30mM NaCl和10mMBME。然后,在抑制剂存在和不存在下,在室温下,在30分钟时间内进行酶反应。
用肽抑制剂HCV Inh 1(Anaspec 25345,MW 796.8)Ac-Asp-Glu-Met-Glu-Glu-Cys-OH,(SEQ ID NO:5)[-20℃]和HCV Inh2(Anaspec 25346,MW 913.1)Ac-Asp-Glu-Dif-Cha-Cys-OH(SEQ IDNO:6)作为参照化合物。
用方程205:y=A+((B-A)/(1+((C/x)^D))),用ActivityBase(IDBS)中XLFit计算IC50值。
实施例31-基于细胞的复制子测定
用Huh 11-7细胞系(Lohmann,et al Science 285:110-113,1999)完成HCV复制子RNA的定量(基于HCV细胞的测定)。按4x103细胞/孔,将细胞接种在96孔板中,加入含DMEM(高浓度葡萄糖)、10%胎牛血清、青霉素-链霉素和非必需氨基酸的培养基。将细胞在7.5%CO2培养箱中在37℃下温育。温育期结束时,用Ambion RNAqueous 96Kit(目录号AM1812),从细胞中提取和纯化总RNA。为使HCV RNA扩增以得到可通过HCV特异性探针(以下)检测的足够物质,对HCV具有特异性的引物(以下)介导HCV RNA逆转录和通过聚合酶链反应(PCR)的cDNA扩增,该聚合酶链反应采用TaqMan One-Step RT-PCRMaster Mix Kit(Applied Biosystems目录号4309169)。RT-PCR引物的核苷酸序列位于HCV基因组的NS5B区域,该序列如下:
HCV正向引物“RBNS5bfor”
5’GCTGCGGCCTGTCGAGCT(SEQ ID NO:1):
HCV反向引物“RBNS5Brev”
5’CAAGGTCGTCTCCGCATAC(SEQ ID NO 2)。
用Applied Biosystems(ABI)Prism 7500序列检测系统(SDS)完成RT-PCR产物的检测,该检测系统检测标记荧光报道染料(reporter dye)和猝灭剂染料(quencher dye)的探针在PCR反应期间降解时发射的荧光。在PCR的每个循环期间测量荧光增量,该增量反映RT-PCR产物的增量。尤其是,定量基于阈值循环,其中扩增图与定义的荧光阈值交叉。将样品的阈值循环与已知标准进行比较,得到不同样品中相对模板浓度的高度敏感测量值(ABI User Bulletin#2,1997年12月11日)。用ABI SDS程序1.7版分析数据。可通过用HCV RNA标准品的标准曲线,将相对模板浓度转换为RNA拷贝数,该标准品具有已知的拷贝数(ABI User Bulletin#2,1997年12月11日)。
用以下标记的探针检测RT-PCR产物:
5’FAM-CGAAGCTCCAGGACTGCACGATGCT-TAMRA(SEQID NO:3)
FAM=荧光报道染料
TAMRA:=猝灭剂染料。
使RT反应在48℃下进行30分钟,然后进行PCR。在ABI Prism7500序列检测系统上用于PCR反应的热循环仪参数为:在95℃下进行一个10分钟循环,然后进行40个循环,各循环包括在95℃下保持15秒的一个温育,在60℃下保持1分钟的第二个温育。
为使数据归一化至细胞RNA内的内部对照分子,在细胞信使RNA甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(GAPDH)上进行RT-PCR。GAPDH拷贝数在使用的细胞系中非常稳定。在测定HCV拷贝数的相同RNA样品上进行GAPDH RT-PCR。ABI Pre-Developed TaqMan Assay Kit(目录号4310884E)中含有GAPDH引物和探针。用HCV/GAPDH RNA比例计算化合物的活性,用于评价HCV RNA复制的抑制。
在含Huh-7细胞系的复制子中,作为HCV复制抑制剂的化合物
活性(基于细胞的测定)
通过比较HCV RNA的量,确定特异性抗病毒化合物对Huh-11-7细胞中HCV复制子RNA水平的影响,所述HCV RNA的量归一化至暴露于化合物与暴露于DMSO溶媒(阴性对照)的细胞中GAPDH(例如HCV/GAPDH比)。具体地说,按4x103细胞/孔,将细胞接种在96孔板中,与:1)含1%DMSO(0%抑制对照)的培养基,或2)培养基/含1%DMSO的固定浓度的化合物一起温育。然后将上述96孔板在37℃下温育4天(EC50测定)。百分抑制率定义为:
抑制%=100-100*S/C1
其中
S=样品中HCV RNA拷贝数/GAPDH RNA拷贝数之比;
C1=0%抑制对照(培养基/1%DMSO)中,HCV RNA拷贝数/GAPDH RNA拷贝数之比。
通过按系列,在3log范围内的三倍稀释度,将化合物加入孔中,产生抑制剂的剂量-反应曲线,以特定化合物在1.5μM的最高浓度开始,并以0.23nM的最低浓度结束。如果EC50值未能很好的位于曲线上,则进行进一步的稀释系列(例如500nM-0.08nM)。用IDBSActivity Base程序“XL Fit”,用4-参数非线性回归拟合(模型#205,4.2.1版,构建物(build)16),确定EC50。
Claims (18)
1.一种式(I)化合物:
或其药学上可接受的盐、酯或前药,其中
A选自H、R1、-(C=O)-O-R1、-(C=O)-R2、-C(=O)-NR4R5或-S(O)2-R1、-S(O)2NR4R5;
B为H或CH3;
各R1独立选自:
(i)芳基;取代的芳基;杂芳基;取代的杂芳基;
(ii)杂环烷基或取代的杂环烷基;
(iii)-C1-C8烷基、-C2-C8烯基或-C2-C8炔基,各自含0、1、2或3个选自O、S或N的杂原子;取代的-C1-C8烷基、取代的-C2-C8烯基或取代的-C2-C8炔基,各自含0、1、2或3个选自O、S或N的杂原子;-C3-C12环烷基,或取代的-C3-C12环烷基;-C3-C12环烯基,或取代的-C3-C12环烯基;
各R2独立选自:
(i)氢;
(ii)芳基;取代的芳基;杂芳基;取代的杂芳基;
(iii)杂环烷基或取代的杂环烷基;
(iv)-C1-C8烷基、-C2-C8烯基或-C2-C8炔基,各自含0、1、2或3个选自O、S或N的杂原子;取代的-C1-C8烷基、取代的-C2-C8烯基或取代的-C2-C8炔基,各自含0、1、2或3个选自O、S或N的杂原子;-C3-C12环烷基,或取代的-C3-C12环烷基;-C3-C12环烯基,或取代的-C3-C12环烯基;
R4和R5各自独立选自:
(i)氢;
(ii)芳基;取代的芳基;杂芳基;取代的杂芳基;
(iii)杂环烷基或取代的杂环烷基;
(iv)-C1-C8烷基、-C2-C8烯基或-C2-C8炔基,各自含0、1、2或3个选自O、S或N的杂原子;取代的-C1-C8烷基、取代的-C2-C8烯基或取代的-C2-C8炔基,各自含0、1、2或3个选自O、S或N的杂原子;-C3-C12环烷基,或取代的-C3-C12环烷基;-C3-C12环烯基,或取代的-C3-C12环烯基;
或者,R4和R5可与它们连接的氮一起形成杂环或取代的杂环;
G选自-OR2、-NR4R5、-NH-C(O)-R2、-NH-S(O)2-R6、-NH-S(O)2NR4R5;
各R6独立选自:
(i)芳基;取代的芳基;杂芳基;取代的杂芳基;
(ii)杂环烷基或取代的杂环烷基;
(iii)-C1-C8烷基、-C2-C8烯基或-C2-C8炔基,各自含0、1、2或3个选自O、S或N的杂原子,取代的-C1-C8烷基、取代的-C2-C8烯基,或取代的-C2-C8炔基,各自含0、1、2或3个选自O、S或N的杂原子;-C3-C12环烷基,或取代的-C3-C12环烷基;-C3-C12环烯基,或取代的-C3-C12环烯基;
L选自:
(i)氢;
(ii)芳基;
(iii)取代的芳基;
(iv)杂芳基;
(v)取代的杂芳基;
(vi)杂环;
(vii)取代的杂环;
(viii)-C1-C8烷基、-C2-C8烯基或-C2-C8炔基,各自含0、1、2或3个选自O、S或N的杂原子;
(ix)取代的-C1-C8烷基、取代的-C2-C8烯基,或取代的-C2-C8炔基,各自含0、1、2或3个选自O、S或N的杂原子;
(x)-C3-C12环烷基,或-C3-C12环烯基;
(xi)取代的-C3-C12环烷基,或取代的-C3-C12环烯基;
Z1和Z2独立选自卤素;优选F、Cl和Br;
X和Y与它们连接的碳原子一起形成环部分,所述环部分选自芳基、取代的芳基、杂芳基或取代的杂芳基;
W不存在,或选自-O-、-S-、-NH-、-N(Me)-、-C(O)NH-或-C(O)N(Me)-;-O-、-S-、-N(R5)-、-C(O)-、-C(O)N(R5)-、-C(O)O-、-N(R5)C(O)-、-NH(CO)NH-、-N(R5)SO2-、亚烷基、取代的亚烷基、亚烯基、取代的亚烯基、亚炔基、取代的亚炔基;
Z选自:
(i)氢;
(ii)羟基;
(iii)-CN;
(iv)-N3;
(v)卤素;
(vi)-NH-N=CH(R2),其中R2同上前述定义;
(vii)芳基、取代的芳基;
(viii)杂芳基、取代的杂芳基;
(ix)-C3-C12环烷基、取代的-C3-C12环烷基、杂环烷基、取代的杂环烷基;
(x)杂环、取代的杂环;
(xi)-C1-C8烷基、-C2-C8烯基或-C2-C8炔基,各自含0、1、2或3个选自O、S或N的杂原子;取代的-C1-C8烷基、取代的-C2-C8烯基,或取代的-C2-C8炔基,各自含0、1、2或3个选自O、S或N的杂原子;
m为0、1、2或3;
m’为0、1、2或3;
n为0、1或2;且
s为1、2、3或4。
3.权利要求1的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、酯或前药,其中所述化合物具有式III:
其中
R71、R72、R73和R74各自独立选自:
(i)氢;
(ii)卤素;
(iii)-NO2;
(iv)-CN;
(v)-M-R4,其中M不存在,或为O、S、NH、N(R5);
(vi)芳基;
(vii)取代的芳基;
(viii)杂芳基;
(ix)取代的杂芳基;
(x)杂环烷基;和
(xi)取代的杂环烷基;
其中A、L、G、W、Z、Z1Z2、R4和R5定义同前述权利要求1。
5.一种药用组合物,所述组合物包含与药学上可接受的载体或赋形剂组合的抑制量的权利要求1的化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐、酯或前药。
6.一种在受试者中治疗病毒感染的方法,所述方法包括给予所述受试者抑制量的权利要求5的药用组合物。
7.权利要求6的方法,其中所述病毒感染为丙型肝炎病毒。
8.一种抑制丙型肝炎病毒复制的方法,所述方法包括提供丙型肝炎病毒NS3蛋白酶抑制量的权利要求5的药用组合物。
9.权利要求6的方法,所述方法还包括同时给予另外的抗丙型肝炎病毒药物。
10.权利要求9的方法,其中所述另外的抗丙型肝炎病毒药物选自α-干扰素、β-干扰素、利巴韦林和adamantine。
11.权利要求9的方法,其中所述另外的抗丙型肝炎病毒药物为丙型肝炎病毒解旋酶、聚合酶、金属蛋白酶或IRES的抑制剂。
12.权利要求5的药用组合物,所述组合物还包含另一种抗HCV药物。
13.权利要求5的药用组合物,所述组合物还包含选自以下的药物:干扰素、利巴韦林、金刚烷胺、另一种HCV蛋白酶抑制剂、HCV聚合酶抑制剂、HCV解旋酶抑制剂,或内部核糖体进入位点抑制剂。
14.权利要求5的药用组合物,所述组合物还包含聚乙二醇化干扰素。
15.权利要求5的药用组合物,所述组合物还包含另一种抗病毒、抗细菌、抗真菌或抗癌药物,或免疫调节剂。
16.权利要求5的组合物,所述组合物还包含细胞色素P450单加氧酶抑制剂或其药学上可接受的盐。
17.权利要求16的组合物,其中所述细胞色素P450单加氧酶抑制剂为利托那韦。
18.一种联合给予需要抗丙型肝炎病毒治疗的患者药物的方法,所述药物包括细胞色素P450单加氧酶抑制剂或其药学上可接受的盐和式I化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
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US8361958B2 (en) | 2007-12-05 | 2013-01-29 | Enanta Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Oximyl HCV serine protease inhibitors |
WO2009117594A1 (en) * | 2008-03-20 | 2009-09-24 | Enanta Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Fluorinated macrocyclic compounds as hepatitis c virus inhibitors |
US8211891B2 (en) * | 2008-04-30 | 2012-07-03 | Enanta Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Difluoromethyl-containing macrocyclic compounds as hepatitis C virus inhibitors |
US8937041B2 (en) | 2010-12-30 | 2015-01-20 | Abbvie, Inc. | Macrocyclic hepatitis C serine protease inhibitors |
US8957203B2 (en) | 2011-05-05 | 2015-02-17 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Hepatitis C virus inhibitors |
UA119315C2 (uk) | 2012-07-03 | 2019-06-10 | Гіліад Фармассет Елелсі | Інгібітори вірусу гепатиту с |
WO2014062196A1 (en) | 2012-10-19 | 2014-04-24 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Hepatitis c virus inhibitors |
US9643999B2 (en) | 2012-11-02 | 2017-05-09 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Hepatitis C virus inhibitors |
EP2914598B1 (en) | 2012-11-02 | 2017-10-18 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Hepatitis c virus inhibitors |
WO2014070964A1 (en) | 2012-11-02 | 2014-05-08 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Hepatitis c virus inhibitors |
EP2914614B1 (en) | 2012-11-05 | 2017-08-16 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Hepatitis c virus inhibitors |
US9580463B2 (en) | 2013-03-07 | 2017-02-28 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Hepatitis C virus inhibitors |
EP2970335B1 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2019-05-08 | Gilead Sciences, Inc. | Macrocyclic and bicyclic inhibitors of hepatitis c virus |
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US7176208B2 (en) * | 2003-04-18 | 2007-02-13 | Enanta Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Quinoxalinyl macrocyclic hepatitis C serine protease inhibitors |
US7273851B2 (en) * | 2003-06-05 | 2007-09-25 | Enanta Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Tri-peptide hepatitis C serine protease inhibitors |
AR045596A1 (es) * | 2003-09-05 | 2005-11-02 | Vertex Pharma | Inhibidores de proteasas de serina en particular proteasa ns3-ns4a del vhc |
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US20070274951A1 (en) * | 2006-02-09 | 2007-11-29 | Xiao Tong | Combinations comprising HCV protease inhibitor(s) and HCV polymerase inhibitor(s), and methods of treatment related thereto |
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US7635683B2 (en) * | 2006-08-04 | 2009-12-22 | Enanta Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Quinoxalinyl tripeptide hepatitis C virus inhibitors |
US7582605B2 (en) * | 2006-08-11 | 2009-09-01 | Enanta Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Phosphorus-containing hepatitis C serine protease inhibitors |
US7888464B2 (en) * | 2006-11-16 | 2011-02-15 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Hepatitis C virus inhibitors |
US8383583B2 (en) * | 2007-10-26 | 2013-02-26 | Enanta Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Macrocyclic, pyridazinone-containing hepatitis C serine protease inhibitors |
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US8361958B2 (en) * | 2007-12-05 | 2013-01-29 | Enanta Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Oximyl HCV serine protease inhibitors |
CN101977621A (zh) * | 2007-12-05 | 2011-02-16 | 益安药业 | 氟化三肽hcv丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂 |
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