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CN102010731A - Pyrolytic process of coal - Google Patents

Pyrolytic process of coal Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102010731A
CN102010731A CN2010105596200A CN201010559620A CN102010731A CN 102010731 A CN102010731 A CN 102010731A CN 2010105596200 A CN2010105596200 A CN 2010105596200A CN 201010559620 A CN201010559620 A CN 201010559620A CN 102010731 A CN102010731 A CN 102010731A
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China
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coal
pyrolysis
pyrolytic process
heating
temperature
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CN2010105596200A
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CN102010731B (en
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邵素英
李有为
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Beijing Huashi United Energy Technology and Development Co Ltd
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Abstract

一种煤的热解工艺,其特征在于包括如下步骤:首先选取原料煤,放入外热式回转炉,所述回转炉的炉体包括外壁和内壁两层,然后向所述外壁和内壁之间的空间通入循环煤气,通过控制所述循环煤气的通入量将升温速度控制为20-100℃/min,至炉内温度达到650℃-700℃,煤层在此温度下进行热解反应直至反应完全后收集热解产物,分离煤焦油和氢气后,将煤气循环至循环煤气入口处。A coal pyrolysis process, which is characterized in that it includes the following steps: first select raw coal, put it into an externally heated rotary furnace, the furnace body of the rotary furnace includes two layers of outer wall and inner wall, and then transfer the material between the outer wall and the inner wall Circulating gas is fed into the space between them, and the heating rate is controlled to 20-100°C/min by controlling the amount of circulating gas, until the temperature in the furnace reaches 650°C-700°C, and the coal seam undergoes pyrolysis reaction at this temperature After the reaction is complete, the pyrolysis products are collected, and after the coal tar and hydrogen are separated, the gas is recycled to the inlet of the circulating gas.

Description

A kind of pyrolysis of coal technology
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of pyrolytic process, relate in particular to a kind of pyrolysis of coal technology.
Background technology
The pyrolysis of coal also claims coal carbonization or thermolysis.The pyrolysis of coal is that coal is heated under the condition of secluding air as a kind of independent working method, and the complex process of series of physical variation and chemical reaction takes place under differing temps coal, and its product mainly is coal gas, tar, crude benzol and coke or semicoke.By the warm eventually difference of its heating, can be divided into: low temperature (500-700 ℃), middle temperature (700-1000 ℃) and high temperature (1000-1200 ℃) pyrolysis.
Compare with gasification with liquidation of coal, its processing conditions gentleness, less investment, production cost is low.The coal that is suitable for low temperature pyrogenation is generally low-rank coal, comprises the non caking coal of brown coal, long-flame coal and high volatile.The low-rank coal reserves of China are bigger, account for more than 42% of whole coals, and therefore, the low temperature pyrogenation technology can effectively be utilized the resource of China, and can reduce the environmental pollution that fire coal causes.
In the pyrolytic reaction process of coal, rate of heating and heat supply condition have very big influence to product yield and composition, and in addition, the lumpiness of coal also has certain influence to pyrolysis product, and the lumpiness of general coal increases, and tar yield reduces.Existing pyrolysis of coal technology generally adopts the vertical type stove, and it requires feed coal is lump coal, has limited the application of powder coal, and existing pyrolytic reaction, especially external-heat reaction, its heat generally needs the combustion chamber to supply with, increased the production cost of pyrolytic process virtually, and technology is comparatively complicated.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of pyrolytic process of coal, have that production cost is low, rate of heating is fast, transformation efficiency coal significantly improves, and the advantage of coal tar gain in yield.
Its concrete technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of pyrolytic process of coal, comprise the steps: at first to choose feed coal, put into the external-heating revolving stove, the body of heater of described rotary kiln comprises that outer wall and inwall are two-layer, space between described outer wall and inwall feeds circulating gas then, by the feeding amount of controlling described circulating gas heat-up rate is controlled to be 20-100 ℃/min, temperature reaches 650 ℃-700 ℃ to the stove, the coal seam is carried out pyrolytic reaction and is collected pyrolysis product until the back that reacts completely under this temperature, after separating coal tar and hydrogen, coal gas is circulated to the circulating gas ingress.
The amount of feed coal accounts for 1/5~1/3 of body of heater cumulative volume in the described body of heater, guarantees that feed coal can overturn in stove fully.
Described feed coal is brown coal, long-flame coal, non-caking coal or weakly caking coal.
Described furnace body outer wall can be selected any heat-resisting and thermal conductivity materials with smaller for use, constitute as light-weight refractory insulating brick or fully fibrous structure, guarantee that heat can not be dispersed into the body of heater outside, described light-weight refractory insulating brick can be phosphoric acid block salt, magnesia chrome brick etc., and described fully fibrous structure can be made of ceramic fiber, aluminum silicate fiber etc.; Described inwall can be selected any heat-resisting and material that thermal conductivity is higher for use, as pottery or various metallic substance, can be stainless steel, copper etc., guarantees the coal seam that heat can well be in inwall imports stove into.
At the pyrolysis of coal initial stage, promptly temperature is less than 300 ℃ the time, and described rate of heating is preferably 20-60 ℃/min; In pyrolysis of coal mid-term, promptly temperature is in the time of 300-450 ℃, and described rate of heating is preferably 50-70 ℃/min; In the pyrolysis of coal later stage, promptly temperature is in the time of 451-700 ℃, and described rate of heating is preferably 70-100 ℃/min.
Compared with prior art, pyrolysis of coal technology of the present invention has following characteristics:
1) adopt the rate of heating that changes, the initial stage rate of heating is slower, and ature of coal is long at the low-temperature range heated time, the selectivity of pyrolytic reaction is stronger, the initial stage pyrolysis disconnects key more weak in the coal molecule, and thermal polycondensation reaction parallel and order has taken place, and has formed the structure of Heat stability is good; At the hot stage decomposition of little, when adopting rapid heating, corresponding structure is decomposed many;
2) adopt the external-heating revolving stove as pyrolysis installation, overcome the defective that the vertical type stove only can pyrolysis lump coal, make the transformation efficiency of coal and tar yield significantly improve;
3) adopt circulating gas as heating medium, saved production cost greatly, and make technology obtain simplifying.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail, but is not limited to the content of present embodiment.
Embodiment 1
Choose Inner Mongol brown coal, put into the external-heating revolving stove, account for 1/5 of body of heater cumulative volume until the amount of feed coal, the body of heater of described rotary kiln comprises that outer wall and inwall are two-layer, space between described outer wall and inwall feeds circulating gas then, makes it carry out pyrolysis to the intravital coal of stove; By the feeding amount of controlling described circulating gas heat-up rate is controlled to be 30 ℃/min, when temperature rises to 300 ℃, adjusting rate of heating is 50 ℃/min, when temperature rises to 450 ℃, adjust rate of heating and be 100 ℃/min temperature to the stove and reach 650 ℃-700 ℃, the coal seam is carried out pyrolytic reaction and is collected pyrolysis product until the back that reacts completely under this temperature, separate coal tar and hydrogen after, coal gas is circulated to the circulating gas ingress, and wherein the coal tar productive rate is 20.8%.
Described furnace body outer wall is made of light-weight refractory insulating brick or fully fibrous structure, and described light-weight refractory insulating brick is phosphoric acid block salt, magnesia chrome brick etc., and described fully fibrous structure is made of ceramic fiber, aluminum silicate fiber etc.; Described inwall is selected pottery or various metallic substance for use, and it is stainless steel, copper etc.
Embodiment 2
Choose Datong District's weakly caking coal, put into the external-heating revolving stove, account for 1/3 of body of heater cumulative volume until the amount of feed coal, the body of heater of described rotary kiln comprises that outer wall and inwall are two-layer, space between described outer wall and inwall feeds circulating gas then, makes it carry out pyrolysis to the intravital coal of stove; By the feeding amount of controlling described circulating gas heat-up rate is controlled to be 20 ℃/min, when temperature rises to 300-450 ℃, adjusting rate of heating is 60 ℃/min, when temperature rises to more than 450 ℃, adjust rate of heating and be 80 ℃/min temperature to the stove and reach 650 ℃-700 ℃, the coal seam is carried out pyrolytic reaction and is collected pyrolysis product until the back that reacts completely under this temperature, separate coal tar and hydrogen after, coal gas is circulated to the circulating gas ingress, and wherein the coal tar productive rate is 21.5%.
All the other are with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
Choose refreshing mansion long-flame coal, put into the external-heating revolving stove, account for 1/3 of body of heater cumulative volume until the amount of feed coal, the body of heater of described rotary kiln comprises that outer wall and inwall are two-layer, space between described outer wall and inwall feeds circulating gas then, makes it carry out pyrolysis to the intravital coal of stove; By the feeding amount of controlling described circulating gas heat-up rate is controlled to be 60 ℃/min, when temperature rises to 300-450 ℃, adjusting rate of heating is 70 ℃/min, when temperature rises to more than 450 ℃, adjust rate of heating and be 90 ℃/min temperature to the stove and reach 650 ℃-700 ℃, the coal seam is carried out pyrolytic reaction and is collected pyrolysis product until the back that reacts completely under this temperature, separate coal tar and hydrogen after, coal gas is circulated to the circulating gas ingress, and wherein the coal tar productive rate is 22.0%.
All the other are with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4
Choose Inner Mongol non-caking coal, put into the external-heating revolving stove, account for 1/4 of body of heater cumulative volume until the amount of feed coal, the body of heater of described rotary kiln comprises that outer wall and inwall are two-layer, space between described outer wall and inwall feeds circulating gas then, makes it carry out pyrolysis to the intravital coal of stove; By the feeding amount of controlling described circulating gas heat-up rate is controlled to be 40 ℃/min, when temperature rises to 300-450 ℃, adjusting rate of heating is 60 ℃/min, when temperature rises to more than 450 ℃, adjust rate of heating and be 70 ℃/min temperature to the stove and reach 650 ℃-700 ℃, the coal seam is carried out pyrolytic reaction and is collected pyrolysis product until the back that reacts completely under this temperature, separate coal tar and hydrogen after, coal gas is circulated to the circulating gas ingress, and wherein the coal tar productive rate is 20.3%.
All the other are with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 5
Choose Inner Mongol brown coal, put into the external-heating revolving stove, account for 1/4 of body of heater cumulative volume until the amount of feed coal, the body of heater of described rotary kiln comprises that outer wall and inwall are two-layer, space between described outer wall and inwall feeds circulating gas then, makes it carry out pyrolysis to the intravital coal of stove; By the feeding amount of controlling described circulating gas heat-up rate is controlled to be 50 ℃/min, when temperature rises to 300-450 ℃, adjusting rate of heating is 65 ℃/min, when temperature rises to more than 450 ℃, adjust rate of heating and be 85 ℃/min temperature to the stove and reach 650 ℃-700 ℃, the coal seam is carried out pyrolytic reaction and is collected pyrolysis product until the back that reacts completely under this temperature, separate coal tar and hydrogen after, coal gas is circulated to the circulating gas ingress, and wherein the coal tar productive rate is 21.2%.
All the other are with embodiment 1.
Comparative Examples
Choose Inner Mongol brown coal, put into the vertical type stove, the heat that produces by the combustion chamber heats pyrolysis to the coal seam, in temperature is 550 ℃, and normal pressure is reaction 85min down, generates coal tar and hydrogen, after the cooling, separate coal tar and hydrogen, wherein the coal tar productive rate is 15.6%.

Claims (8)

1. the pyrolytic process of a coal, it is characterized in that comprising the steps: at first choosing feed coal, put into the external-heating revolving stove, the body of heater of described rotary kiln comprises that outer wall and inwall are two-layer, space between described outer wall and inwall feeds circulating gas then, by the feeding amount of controlling described circulating gas heat-up rate is controlled to be 20-100 ℃/min, temperature reaches 650 ℃-700 ℃ to the stove, the coal seam is carried out pyrolytic reaction and is collected pyrolysis product until the back that reacts completely under this temperature, after separating coal tar and hydrogen, coal gas is circulated to the circulating gas ingress.
2. the pyrolytic process of coal according to claim 1 is characterized in that at the pyrolysis of coal initial stage, and promptly temperature is less than 300 ℃ the time, and described rate of heating is 20-60 ℃/min; In pyrolysis of coal mid-term, promptly temperature is in the time of 300-450 ℃, and described rate of heating is 50-70 ℃/min; In the pyrolysis of coal later stage, promptly temperature is in the time of 451-700 ℃, and described rate of heating is 70-100 ℃/min.
3. the pyrolytic process of coal according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that the amount of feed coal in the described body of heater accounts for 1/5~1/3 of body of heater cumulative volume.
4. the pyrolytic process of coal according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that described feed coal is brown coal, long-flame coal, non-caking coal or weakly caking coal.
5. the pyrolytic process of coal according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that described furnace body outer wall selects light-weight refractory insulating brick or fully fibrous structure for use, and described inwall is made of pottery or metallic substance.
6. the pyrolytic process of coal according to claim 5 is characterized in that described light-weight refractory insulating brick is phosphoric acid block salt or magnesia chrome brick.
7. the pyrolytic process of coal according to claim 5 is characterized in that described fully fibrous structure is made of ceramic fiber, aluminum silicate fiber.
8. the pyrolytic process of coal according to claim 5 is characterized in that described metallic substance comprises stainless steel, iron or copper.
CN 201010559620 2010-11-25 2010-11-25 Pyrolytic process of coal Expired - Fee Related CN102010731B (en)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102358840A (en) * 2011-09-13 2012-02-22 山东天力干燥股份有限公司 Single-stage fine coal multi-pipe rotary low-temperature destructive distillation technology and system
CN104962306A (en) * 2015-06-15 2015-10-07 天津天绿健科技有限公司 Method of preparing fuel oil material by coal processing
CN104974769A (en) * 2015-06-15 2015-10-14 天津天绿健科技有限公司 Method for preparing fuel oil raw material by coal destructive distillation processing
CN105013496A (en) * 2015-06-15 2015-11-04 天津天绿健科技有限公司 Catalyst for using coal to prepare fuel feedstock and preparation thereof
CN118079792A (en) * 2024-04-28 2024-05-28 河北飞天石化集团有限公司 Environment-friendly oil sludge heat treatment pyrolysis device

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CN201193205Y (en) * 2008-02-24 2009-02-11 陈宝江 Rotary furnace for producing active carbon
CN101805625A (en) * 2010-04-22 2010-08-18 西安三瑞实业有限公司 Method for preparing carbocoal by thermally cracking raw coal with external-heat horizontal rotary charring furnace

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CN201193205Y (en) * 2008-02-24 2009-02-11 陈宝江 Rotary furnace for producing active carbon
CN101805625A (en) * 2010-04-22 2010-08-18 西安三瑞实业有限公司 Method for preparing carbocoal by thermally cracking raw coal with external-heat horizontal rotary charring furnace

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102358840A (en) * 2011-09-13 2012-02-22 山东天力干燥股份有限公司 Single-stage fine coal multi-pipe rotary low-temperature destructive distillation technology and system
CN102358840B (en) * 2011-09-13 2013-05-01 山东天力干燥股份有限公司 Single-stage fine coal multi-pipe rotary low-temperature destructive distillation technology and system
CN104962306A (en) * 2015-06-15 2015-10-07 天津天绿健科技有限公司 Method of preparing fuel oil material by coal processing
CN104974769A (en) * 2015-06-15 2015-10-14 天津天绿健科技有限公司 Method for preparing fuel oil raw material by coal destructive distillation processing
CN105013496A (en) * 2015-06-15 2015-11-04 天津天绿健科技有限公司 Catalyst for using coal to prepare fuel feedstock and preparation thereof
CN104962306B (en) * 2015-06-15 2017-03-15 天津天绿健科技有限公司 A kind of method that Coal dressing prepares hydrocarbon oil feedstock
CN107434976A (en) * 2015-06-15 2017-12-05 天津天绿健科技有限公司 A kind of method that coal destructive distillation processing prepares fuel oil raw material
CN118079792A (en) * 2024-04-28 2024-05-28 河北飞天石化集团有限公司 Environment-friendly oil sludge heat treatment pyrolysis device
CN118079792B (en) * 2024-04-28 2024-12-10 河北飞天石化集团有限公司 An environmentally friendly oil sludge thermal treatment cracking device

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