CN101412915B - Interior heating type method for continuously preparing coal gas by pyrolysis and gasification of biomass and pyrolysis gasification furnace - Google Patents
Interior heating type method for continuously preparing coal gas by pyrolysis and gasification of biomass and pyrolysis gasification furnace Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种内热式连续制备生物质热解气化煤气的方法及使用的热解气化炉，方法为：生物质与粗热解煤气逆向接触换热，粗热解煤气换热后排出，而生物质在热解筒与过渡筒内利用回炉煤气与空气混合燃烧产生的热量热解干馏为木炭，分解出干馏煤气，然后下沉进入气化筒；热解产生的粗热解煤气净化后一部分去燃气柜，另一部分调压后作为回炉煤气，与从空气分布器进入的空气混合燃烧，产生的热量将过渡筒内的生物质加热到600～800℃；进入气化筒的木炭与喷淋的冷却水反应，产生水煤气和半水煤气，粗热解煤气从出口出来，冷却的木炭由出炭口排出。本发明能连续稳定提供高热值生物质煤气。
The invention discloses a method for continuously preparing biomass pyrolysis gasification gas by internal heating and a pyrolysis gasification furnace used. The method is as follows: the biomass and the crude pyrolysis gas are in reverse contact for heat exchange, and the crude pyrolysis gas is heated after heat exchange. The biomass is pyrolyzed into charcoal in the pyrolysis cylinder and the transition cylinder by using the heat generated by the mixed combustion of recycled gas and air, decomposing the carbonized gas, and then sinking into the gasification cylinder; the crude pyrolysis gas produced by pyrolysis After purification, part of it goes to the gas cabinet, and the other part is used as return gas after pressure adjustment, and is mixed with the air entering from the air distributor for combustion, and the heat generated will heat the biomass in the transition cylinder to 600-800 ° C; the charcoal entering the gasification cylinder It reacts with the sprayed cooling water to produce water gas and semi-water gas, the crude pyrolysis gas comes out from the outlet, and the cooled charcoal is discharged from the charcoal outlet. The invention can continuously and stably provide high calorific value biomass gas.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to biomass pyrogenation gasification method and pyrolytic gasification stove, relate in particular to a kind of method and pyrolytic gasification stove of continuous pyrolysis gasified bio-matter.
Background technology:
Biomass pyrolytic is meant that biomass material decomposes under secluding air or interpolation little air condition produces the material that can coagulate with different shapes such as non-condensable gas and solid charcoals, and the gas that pyrolysis obtains has high heating value, generally at 12000KJ/NM
3More than, use the high characteristics of temperature of combustion; The gasification of biomass is meant solid charcoal product and vaporized chemical, and the oxygenant of oxygen or oxygen carrier as water vapour, oxygen or air etc., under certain temperature condition, the process of gas-solid reaction takes place.At present, the biomass gasification reaction process of people's indication generally includes the thermolysis and the gas-solid reaction process of biomass, is major objective to obtain gas products, and the calorific value of gas is low, generally at 5000KJ/NM
3Below.
In the domestic biomass pyrolytic commercial scale production, basically all be the reaction process of pyrolytic gasification, obtaining with solid or product liquid is major objective, and it is few that the industrially scalable pyrolysis installation produces combustible high heating value tolerance, be difficult to be suitable for the extensive gas of using continuously, as engineerings such as fuel gas generations, and be batch production.Domestic industry scale gasification installation has been realized the serialization operation at present, and stable yield and gas production rate are big, but fuel gases calorific value is low, has influenced the operational efficiency and the cost of mass-producing usefulness gas such as biomass fuel gas electric generating apparatus.In order to expand the use range of biological fuel gas, need research and development economy and technical feasibility, can continous-stable atm number air feed, and can produce the biomass gasification process and the equipment of high heat value gas.
Summary of the invention:
Can only intermittently produce in order to solve the industrially scalable pyrolysis installation that prior art exists, narrow-minded, and the low drawback of fuel gases calorific value that gasification installation is produced, the invention provides a kind of method and pyrolytic gasification stove of internally heated continuous preparing biomass pyrolysis gasification gas, can provide high heating value biomass coal gas by the continous-stable atm number.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme: a kind of method of internally heated continuous preparing biomass pyrolysis gasification gas, and step is:
Biomass are sent in the feed bin of pyrolytic gasification stove, enter motion from top to bottom in the stove, with thick pyrolysis coal gas contact heat-exchanging from bottom to top, biomass are finished drying, warm, discharge by thick pyrolysis gas exit after temperature is reduced to 70 ℃ after the thick pyrolysis coal gas heat exchange, and the heat pyrogenation and carbonization that biomass utilize firing tunnel in coking furnace and air mixed burning to produce in pyrolysis tube and transitional cylinder is charcoal, pyrolysis temperature is 600～800 ℃, decomposite dry distillation gas, the charcoal behind the pyrogenation and carbonization sinks to entering gasification pot by the pyrolysis tube through transitional cylinder; Described biomass are one or both mixing in wooden unit or the shell.
The thick pyrolysis coal gas that pyrolysis produces comes out to enter the dedusting of water seal fly-ash separator by thick pyrolysis gas exit, isolated coal gas enters and goes to water cooling tower cooling back to be extracted out by exhaust blower after pneumatic trough purifies, a part is removed the combustion gas cabinet, after another part pressure regulation as firing tunnel in coking furnace, enter the transitional cylinder of internal heat type biomass continuous pyrolysis vapourizing furnace by the clean gas sparger, by water seal fly-ash separator and the isolated oil-containing washing water of the water cooling tower oil separator that defocuses;
Enter the firing tunnel in coking furnace of transitional cylinder and the air mixed burning that enters from air-distributor by the clean gas sparger after the pressure regulation, the heat of generation is heated to 600～800 ℃ with the charcoal in the transitional cylinder; The amount of described firing tunnel in coking furnace is 40～100m
3/ h, air capacity is 20～50m
3/ h.
Enter the water coolant reaction of the charcoal and the spray of gasification pot, produce water-gas and the semi-water gas of calorific value more than 8000KJ/NM when absorbing heat, the dry distillation gas that water-gas and semi-water gas rise and pyrogenation and carbonization obtains is mixed into thick pyrolysis coal gas, come out by thick pyrolysis gas exit, charcoal drops to 200 ℃ by 600～800 ℃, is discharged by carbon outleting port after the water jacket cooling of gasification pot cooling section is reduced to 50 ℃ again.
A kind of pyrolytic gasification stove that is used for the method for described internally heated continuous preparing biomass pyrolysis gasification gas, by feed bin, body of heater, the pyrolysis tube, transitional cylinder and gasification pot, cooling section, supporting leg is formed, feed bin is located on the body of heater, be provided with the pyrolysis tube in the body of heater from top to bottom, transitional cylinder and gasification pot, between pyrolysis tube and transitional cylinder, be provided with air-distributor, on the pyrolysis tube, be provided with thick pyrolysis gas exit, between transitional cylinder and gasification pot, be provided with the clean gas sparger, be provided with carbon outleting port in the gasification pot bottom, be provided with the cool water shower device on the top of gasification pot, the bottom of gasification pot is a cooling section, is provided with water jacket, and body of heater is located on the supporting leg.Described pyrolysis tube and transitional cylinder are that refractory brick is built by laying bricks or stones.Described gasification pot is that Steel Concrete is built by laying bricks or stones, is provided with water jacket at inwall and is used for charcoal is cooled off.Described air-distributor and clean gas sparger be equipped with pneumatic outlet and gas feed, sparger is that about two concentric drums are formed, at 6～8 pneumatic outlets of the inner cylinder upper edge of sparger circumference uniform distribution.
Beneficial effect:
1. biomass and thick pyrolysis coal gas inverse motion utilize the heat of thick pyrolysis coal gas that biomass are carried out drying and preheating, have saved energy.
2. utilize the heat of the burning generation of firing tunnel in coking furnace and air that biomass are carried out pyrolysis, realized internal heat type continuous production at pyrolytic gasification stove.By controlling pyrolytic gasification stove firing tunnel in coking furnace amount at 40-100m
3/ h and blast air capacity 20-50m
3/ h, thereby the thermal equilibrium and the material balance of realization whole reaction system.
3. present method can provide big flow high heating value gas continuously and stably, and calorific value is at 8000KJ/NM
3More than.Combustion gas output is big, calorific value is high, but and the continous-stable operation, be particularly suitable for the needs of large-scale industrial with combustion gas such as biological fuel gas power generation project.
4. air-distributor of the present invention and clean gas sparger are because at 6～8 pneumatic outlets of inner cylinder upper edge circumference uniform distribution, make gas distribution more even, it is more abundant to burn, water vapor-charcoal sufficient reacting, the uniformity of temperature profile around the body of heater cross section.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.
Among the figure, 1 is thick pyrolysis gas exit, and 2 are the firing tunnel in coking furnace inlet, and 3 is gas inlet, and 4 are the spraying cooling water inlet, 5 is pyrolytic gasification stove, and 6 are the water seal fly-ash separator, and 7 is pneumatic trough, and 8 is water cooling tower, 9 is the tar separation pond, and 10 is exhaust blower, and 11 is gas blower, and 12 is water pump.
Fig. 2. be the structural representation of pyrolytic gasification stove of the present invention.
Among the figure, 1 is thick pyrolysis gas exit, and 2 are the firing tunnel in coking furnace inlet, and 3 is gas inlet, and 4 are the spraying cooling water inlet, and 13 is feed bin, and 14 is carbon outleting port, and 15 is supporting leg, and 16 is water jacket, and 17 are the pyrolysis tube, and 18 is transitional cylinder, and 19 is gasification pot, and 20 is thermopair.
Fig. 3. be the structural representation of air-distributor of the present invention.
Embodiment:
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of method of internally heated continuous preparing biomass pyrolysis gasification gas, step is:
Biomass are sent in the feed bin of pyrolytic gasification stove, enter motion from top to bottom in the stove, with thick pyrolysis coal gas contact heat-exchanging from bottom to top, biomass are finished drying, warm, discharge by thick pyrolysis gas exit 1 after temperature is reduced to 70 ℃ after the thick pyrolysis coal gas heat exchange, and the heat pyrogenation and carbonization that biomass utilize firing tunnel in coking furnace and air mixed burning to produce in pyrolysis tube and transitional cylinder is charcoal, pyrolysis temperature is 600～800 ℃, decomposite dry distillation gas, the charcoal behind the pyrogenation and carbonization sinks to entering gasification pot by the pyrolysis tube through transitional cylinder; Described biomass are wooden unit, shell etc.
The thick pyrolysis coal gas that pyrolysis produces comes out to enter 6 dedustings of water seal fly-ash separator by thick pyrolysis gas exit 1, isolated coal gas enters and goes to water cooling tower 8 cooling backs to be extracted out by exhaust blower 10 after pneumatic trough 7 purifies, a part is removed the combustion gas cabinet, after another part pressure regulation as firing tunnel in coking furnace, enter the transitional cylinder of pyrolytic gasification stove by the firing tunnel in coking furnace inlet 2 of clean gas sparger, by water seal fly-ash separator 6 and the water cooling tower 8 isolated oil-containing washing water oil separator separating tar that defocuses, isolated water pumps into pyrolysis oven by water pump 12 and recycles;
Enter the firing tunnel in coking furnace and the air mixed burning of sending into from the gas inlet 3 of air-distributor by gas blower 11 of transitional cylinder after the pressure regulation by the firing tunnel in coking furnace inlet 2 of clean gas sparger, the heat that produces is heated to 600～800 ℃ with the charcoal in the transitional cylinder, and charcoal is emitted heat with the airborne oxygen reaction that enters in the stove; The amount of described firing tunnel in coking furnace is 40～100m
3/ h, air capacity is 20～50m
3/ h.
Enter the water coolant reaction of the charcoal and the spray of gasification pot, produce calorific value when absorbing heat at 8000KJ/NM
3Above water-gas and semi-water gas, the dry distillation gas that water-gas and semi-water gas rise and pyrogenation and carbonization obtains is mixed into thick pyrolysis coal gas, come out by thick pyrolysis gas exit 1, charcoal drops to 200 ℃ by 600～800 ℃, and the water through being located at the gasification pot cooling section adds cover 16 coolings and discharged by carbon outleting port after being reduced to 50 ℃ again.
As shown in Figure 2, a kind of pyrolytic gasification stove that is used for the method for described internally heated continuous preparing biomass pyrolysis gasification gas, described pyrolytic gasification stove is by feed bin 13, body of heater, pyrolysis tube 17, transitional cylinder 18 and gasification pot 19, supporting leg 15 is formed, feed bin 13 is located on the body of heater, be provided with pyrolysis tube 17 in the body of heater from top to bottom, transitional cylinder 18 and gasification pot 19, between pyrolysis tube 17 and transitional cylinder 18, be provided with air-distributor, on pyrolysis tube 17, be provided with thick pyrolysis gas exit 1, on pyrolysis tube 17, also be provided with thermopair 20 with controlled temperature, between transitional cylinder 18 and gasification pot 19, be provided with the clean gas sparger, be provided with carbon outleting port 14 in the gasification pot bottom, on gasification pot 19, also be provided with the cool water shower device, the bottom of gasification pot is a cooling section, is provided with water jacket 16, and body of heater is located on the supporting leg 15.Described pyrolysis tube 17 and transitional cylinder 18 are built by laying bricks or stones for refractory brick.Described gasification pot 19 is built by laying bricks or stones for Steel Concrete.Described air-distributor and clean gas sparger be equipped with pneumatic outlet and gas feed, sparger is that about two concentric drums are formed, at 6～8 pneumatic outlets of the inner cylinder upper edge of sparger circumference uniform distribution, as shown in Figure 3.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of method of internally heated continuous preparing biomass pyrolysis gasification gas, after treating that pyrolytic gasification stove is stable, wooden unit with 50 ± 30mm size, send in the pyrolytic gasification stove, thick pyrolysis coal gas is the dedusting of thick pyrolysis gas exit introducing water seal fly-ash separator through stove top, after isolated coal gas enters and goes the water cooling tower cooling after pneumatic trough purifies, extract out by Roots's exhaust blower again, a part goes the combustion gas cabinet to use for civilian or generating, another part after pressure regulation as firing tunnel in coking furnace, entering the air mixed of being sent into by air-distributor with centrifugal blower in the stove by the clean gas sparger and use combustion gas as heating, more than is the gas circulation flow process.When moving for the first time, be will be through the process of a radiator, drop in the stove burning red charcoal in advance, in gasification pot, react, treat whole process stabilization after, full cycle just can realize.
Water circulating pump is extracted washing water out the equipment such as water seal fly-ash separator, pneumatic trough, water cooling tower and pyrolytic gasification stove of sending into from oil-water separation tank, thick pyrolysis coal gas is cooled off with tar washing and carries out water vapor-charcoal gas reaction, the oil-containing washing water return tar separator under each equipment, being pumped into the tar jar through the isolated tar of oil-water separation tank through tar, more than is the water cycle flow process.
The whole service situation is as follows:
It is as follows that internal diameter Φ 1.8m internal heat type biomass continuous pyrolysis vapourizing furnace prepares the biological fuel gas main technical details:
Furnace cross-sectional area: 2.54m
2
Raw material: wooden unit
Single stove is handled material quantity: 17T/d
Single stove produces charcoal: 5T/d
Single stove aerogenesis: 1.0 ten thousand m
3/ d
Gas heating value: 9210KJ/m
3
Pyrolysis tube and transitional cylinder temperature: 600-800 ℃
Cool gasification tube temperature: 200 ℃
Claims (7)
1. the method for an internally heated continuous preparing biomass pyrolysis gasification gas is characterized in that, step is:
Biomass are sent in the feed bin of pyrolytic gasification stove, enter motion from top to bottom in the stove, with thick pyrolysis coal gas contact heat-exchanging from bottom to top, biomass are finished drying, warm, discharge by thick pyrolysis gas exit after temperature is reduced to 70 ℃ after the thick pyrolysis coal gas heat exchange, and the heat pyrogenation and carbonization that biomass utilize firing tunnel in coking furnace and air mixed burning to produce in pyrolysis tube and transitional cylinder is charcoal, pyrolysis temperature is 600～800 ℃, decomposite dry distillation gas, the charcoal behind the pyrogenation and carbonization sinks to entering gasification pot by the pyrolysis tube through transitional cylinder;
The thick pyrolysis coal gas that pyrolysis produces comes out to enter the dedusting of water seal fly-ash separator by thick pyrolysis gas exit, isolated coal gas enters and goes to water cooling tower cooling back to be extracted out by exhaust blower after pneumatic trough purifies, a part is removed the combustion gas cabinet, after another part pressure regulation as firing tunnel in coking furnace, enter the transitional cylinder of pyrolytic gasification stove by the clean gas sparger, by water seal fly-ash separator and the isolated oil-containing washing water of the water cooling tower oil separator separating tar that defocuses, isolated water cycle is used;
Enter the firing tunnel in coking furnace of transitional cylinder and the air mixed burning that enters from air-distributor by the clean gas sparger after the pressure regulation, the heat of generation is heated to 600～800 ℃ with the biomass in the transitional cylinder;
Enter the water coolant reaction of the charcoal and the spray of gasification pot, produce calorific value when absorbing heat at 8000KJ/NM
3Above water-gas and semi-water gas, the dry distillation gas that water-gas and semi-water gas rise and pyrogenation and carbonization obtains is mixed into thick pyrolysis coal gas, come out by thick pyrolysis gas exit, charcoal drops to 200 ℃ by 600～800 ℃, is discharged by carbon outleting port after the water jacket cooling of gasification pot cooling section is reduced to 50 ℃ again.
2. the method for internally heated continuous preparing biomass pyrolysis gasification gas as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the amount of described firing tunnel in coking furnace is 40～100m
3/ h, air capacity is 20～50m
3/ h.
3. the method for internally heated continuous preparing biomass pyrolysis gasification gas as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described biomass are one or both mixing in wooden unit or the shell.
4. pyrolytic gasification stove that is used for the method for the described internally heated continuous preparing biomass pyrolysis gasification gas of claim 1, it is characterized in that, described pyrolytic gasification stove is by feed bin, body of heater, the pyrolysis tube, transitional cylinder and gasification pot, supporting leg is formed, feed bin is located on the body of heater, be provided with the pyrolysis tube in the body of heater from top to bottom, transitional cylinder and gasification pot, between pyrolysis tube and transitional cylinder, be provided with air-distributor, on the pyrolysis tube, be provided with thick pyrolysis gas exit, between transitional cylinder and gasification pot, be provided with the clean gas sparger, be provided with carbon outleting port in the gasification pot bottom, be provided with the cool water shower device on the top of gasification pot, the bottom of gasification pot is a cooling section, be provided with water jacket, body of heater is located on the supporting leg.
5. pyrolytic gasification stove as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, described pyrolysis tube and transitional cylinder are that refractory brick is built by laying bricks or stones.
6. pyrolytic gasification stove as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, described gasification pot is that Steel Concrete is built by laying bricks or stones.
7. pyrolytic gasification stove as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, described air-distributor and clean gas sparger are equipped with pneumatic outlet and gas feed, air-distributor and clean gas sparger are about two concentric drums to be formed, at 6～8 pneumatic outlets of inner cylinder upper edge circumference uniform distribution.
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| CN101955803A (en) * | 2009-07-15 | 2011-01-26 | 山东科技大学 | Low-rank coal carbonization method |
| CN102127460B (en) * | 2010-01-13 | 2014-06-04 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Low temperature pyrolysis method of solid fuel in counter flow downer pyrolysis reactor |
| CN101906322B (en) * | 2010-07-09 | 2013-11-13 | 胜利油田胜利动力机械集团有限公司 | Process and device for generating power by melting and gasifying biomass |
| CN102417830A (en) * | 2011-09-28 | 2012-04-18 | 合肥德博生物能源科技有限公司 | Low-tar biomass gasification method and device |
| CN102585913B (en) * | 2012-03-12 | 2013-11-06 | 浙江大学 | Coal gas, tar, semi-coke and steam poly-generation method based on fluidized bed pyrolysis technology |
| CN102618304A (en) * | 2012-03-28 | 2012-08-01 | 苏忠 | Low-temperature pyrolysis device for coal |
| CN102936507B (en) * | 2012-11-05 | 2014-07-16 | 北京华电光大新能源环保技术有限公司 | Poly-generation device and method for biomass pyrolysis |
| CN104629805A (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2015-05-20 | 东北农业大学 | Continuous sectioned crop straw pyrolysis circulation system |
| CN108949207A (en) * | 2018-08-08 | 2018-12-07 | 陈伟 | A kind of internal-combustion and-heating type biomass continuously carbonizing system and its production technology |
| CN109233887B (en) * | 2018-09-27 | 2024-04-23 | 湖南远扬煤机制造有限公司 | Tar separation unit and tar separation system |
| CN110066693B (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2021-04-16 | 上海电气集团股份有限公司 | Two-stage biomass gasification power generation system and working condition switching method thereof |
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