CN101998940A - 熔融陶瓷颗粒 - Google Patents
熔融陶瓷颗粒 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101998940A CN101998940A CN2009801127825A CN200980112782A CN101998940A CN 101998940 A CN101998940 A CN 101998940A CN 2009801127825 A CN2009801127825 A CN 2009801127825A CN 200980112782 A CN200980112782 A CN 200980112782A CN 101998940 A CN101998940 A CN 101998940A
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- oxide compound
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- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- CJNBYAVZURUTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Hf]=O CJNBYAVZURUTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 57
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 29
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960001866 silicon dioxide Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000588731 Hafnia Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 description 2
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005480 shot peening Methods 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006501 ZrSiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003818 basic metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021386 carbon form Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009837 dry grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003670 easy-to-clean Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012204 lemonade/lime carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012764 mineral filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003129 oil well Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/48—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on zirconium or hafnium oxides, zirconates, zircon or hafnates
- C04B35/484—Refractories by fusion casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
- B02C17/18—Details
- B02C17/20—Disintegrating members
- B02C17/205—Adding disintegrating members to the tumbling mill
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种熔融陶瓷颗粒,其特征在于具有以下以基于氧化物的重量百分数计且总计为100%的化学组成:50%<ZrO2+HfO2<70%;10%<SiO2<30%;6.5%<MgO<9.5%;Al2O3,其量使得MgO/Al2O3重量比为2.4-6.6;0.1%<Y2O3;CeO2<10%;以及小于0.6%的其它氧化物。特别地,还涉及用作研磨剂、潮湿介质分散剂、支撑剂、热交换剂或用于表面处理的用途。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及由熔融陶瓷形成的特别是珠粒形式的新型颗粒,涉及生产所述颗粒的方法,以及所述颗粒作为研磨剂、潮湿介质分散剂或用于表面处理的用途。
背景技术
采掘工业使用珠粒用于对已经采用传统方法进行干燥预研磨的物质进行精细研磨,特别是用于碳酸钙、氧化钛、石膏、高岭土和铁矿石。
油漆、墨、染料、磁性漆和农药化合物工业使用这样的珠粒使各种液体和固体组分分散和均匀化。
最后,表面处理工业采用这样的颗粒或珠粒,特别用于金属模具的清洁操作(例如用于瓶的生产中)、用于零件倒角、用于除垢、用于待涂覆载体的制备、喷丸处理和喷丸成型等。
在常规上,颗粒基本上为球形,尺寸为0.1mm-4mm,以服务上述所有市场。为使颗粒可用于这三类应用中,颗粒必须特别具有以下性质:
-对于被处理产品的化学和颜色惰性;
-抗冲击性;
-耐磨性;
-对设备(特别是搅拌装置和槽)或投射装置的低磨损性;和
-较小的开气孔以易于清洁。
在市场上存在多种类型的颗粒,特别是珠粒,尤其是在微粉碎领域具有:
·圆形砂粒,例如来自供应商OTTAWA的砂,其为天然的廉价产品,但不适用于现代研磨,原因是它们被加压并具有较高通过量。砂粒具有低强度、低密度、变化不定的质量,并会磨损设备。
·广泛使用的玻璃珠,玻璃珠具有较好的强度、较低的磨损性,并可在较宽直径范围内使用。
·金属珠,特别是由钢制成的金属珠,对被处理产品的惰性不足,特别会导致无机填料污染和油漆泛灰,并且其密度过高,需要专用研磨机,所述研磨机特别地需要更高功耗、大量发热且对设备施加较高的机械应力。
陶瓷颗粒也是已知的。这类珠粒具有比玻璃珠更好的强度、更高的密度和优异的化学惰性。可区分为不同的类型:
·烧结陶瓷珠粒,其通过冷成型陶瓷粉末,然后通过高温焙烧进行强化得到;以及
·称作“熔融”珠粒的陶瓷珠粒,其通常通过熔融陶瓷组分、由熔融材料形成球形液滴然后固化所述液滴得到。
大多数熔融珠粒具有氧化锆-二氧化硅(ZrO2-SiO2)型组成,其中,氧化锆以单斜形式结晶化和/或部分稳定化(通过适当地添加),二氧化硅和一部分任意添加剂形成粘结氧化锆晶体的玻璃相。熔融陶瓷珠粒提供优化的研磨特性,即良好的机械强度,高的密度、化学惰性,以及对研磨设备的低磨损性。
举例而言,在FR 2 320 276和EP 0 662 461中记载了基于熔融氧化锆的陶瓷珠粒及其在研磨和分散中的应用。这些文献描述了SiO2、Al2O3、MgO、CaO、Y2O3、CeO2和Na2O对主要性质、特别是对压碎强度和磨损硬度性质的影响。EP 0 662 461的实施例11表现出高于70%的氧化锆含量和小于6.5%的MgO含量。
2008年4月17日公布的WO 2008/043966描述了熔融颗粒,但未提及添加氧化钇。
尽管现有技术的熔融陶瓷颗粒具有良好的性质,但工业上仍然在不断寻找具有更好性质的产品。研磨条件变得更加严格,且所用设备的效率需要提高以减少操作成本。特别地,应减少设备停机时间。
本发明目的在于通过提供熔融陶瓷颗粒来满足这些要求,所述熔融陶瓷颗粒除上述需要的质量外,还具有优异的破裂强度或在耐磨性与破裂强度之间的良好协调。
发明内容
本发明提供一种新型熔融陶瓷颗粒,特别为珠粒形式的熔融陶瓷颗粒,并具有以下以基于氧化物的重量百分数计且总计为100%的化学组成:
50%<ZrO2+HfO2<70%;
10%<SiO2<30%;
6.5%<MgO<9.5%;
Al2O3,其量使得MgO/Al2O3重量比为2.4-6.6;
0.1%<Y2O3;
CeO2<10%;和
小于0.6%的其它氧化物。
本发明人发现,出乎预料地,特别是与FR 2 320 276中所述颗粒相比,上述比例的氧化镁(MgO)、氧化铝(Al2O3)和氧化钇(Y2O3)的存在充分改进了熔融陶瓷颗粒的性质。特别地,得到了在使用时具有更高破裂强度的颗粒。
因此,本发明的颗粒尤其非常适用于潮湿介质分散、微研磨和表面处理应用。在研磨应用中,本发明的颗粒在启动时和使用中具有改进的破裂强度。
本发明还提供以重量百分数计包含大于90%,优选大于95%,更优选约100%的本发明颗粒的一组颗粒。
本发明还提供生产本发明熔融颗粒、特别是熔融珠粒的方法,该方法包括以下连续步骤:
a)混合原料,形成初始装料;
b)熔化初始装料,直至得到熔融材料;
c)以液滴形式分散所述熔融材料,并以固体颗粒(特别是珠粒)形式凝固所述液体液滴。
根据本发明,在步骤a)中选择所述原料,以使得在步骤c)中得到的颗粒符合本发明。优选地,将氧化钇或甚至氧化铈以氧化物形式或氧化物前体形式(优选以氧化物形式)蓄意且系统地添加至初始装料中,以保证该一致性。
最后,本发明提供复数个本发明颗粒(尤其是珠粒)或采用本发明方法生产的珠粒用作研磨剂、潮湿介质分散剂、支撑剂、尤其是用于防止井壁特别是油井壁中形成的深层地质破裂闭合的支撑剂、热交换剂(例如用于流化床)或用于表面处理的用途。
定义
-术语“颗粒”是指粉末形式的个体化的固体。
-术语“珠粒”是指具有球度大于0.6的颗粒,而不管该球度是如何实现的,其中,球度即颗粒的最小直径与其最大直径的比。优选地,本发明的珠粒具有大于0.7的球度。
-术语珠粒(或颗粒)的“尺寸”采用其最大尺寸dM与最小尺寸dm的平均值:(dM+dm)/2。
-术语“熔融珠粒”,或更宽泛而言为“熔融颗粒”,是指通过冷却而固化熔融材料所得到的固体珠粒(或颗粒)。
-“熔融材料”是一种液体物质,其可包含少量固体颗粒,但其量不足以使其能够赋予所述物质以任何结构。为保持其形状,熔融材料必须盛放在容器中。
-术语“杂质”是指不可避免地由原料引入的无法避免的组分。具体地,属于由氧化物、氮化物、氧氮化物、碳化物、氧碳化物、碳氮化物和钠以及其它碱金属、铁、钒和铬金属物质形成的组的化合物为杂质。可能的例子为CaO、Fe2O3或Na2O。在本发明产品的组成中,残余的碳形成这样的杂质。相反,氧化铪不是杂质。
-在通过熔融得到的产品中,HfO2无法从ZrO2中化学分离。从而在这类产品的化学组成中,ZrO2+HfO2表示这两种氧化物的总量。然而,在本发明中,未蓄意地将HfO2添加至初始装料中。因此,HfO2仅表示微量的氧化铪,该氧化物总是以通常低于2%的量天然存在于氧化锆资源中。为更加清楚,应理解具有微量氧化铪的氧化锆的量可良好等同地称作ZrO2+HfO2,或ZrO2或甚至“氧化锆含量”。
-术语氧化物的“前体”是指在本发明颗粒的生产期间能够提供所述氧化物的组分。
除非另外说明,否则本说明书中给出的所有百分数均为基于氧化物重量的百分数。
其它特征和优点通过以下详细说明将变得容易理解。
具体实施方式
方法
为生产符合本发明示例性实施方式的产品,可遵循上述步骤a)-c)。
这些步骤除了其规定了初始装料的组成之外是常规的;技术人员能够根据预期应用对其进行改进。
以下描述该方法的优选实施方式。
在步骤a)中,初始装料由所示氧化物或其前体形成。优选地,使用自然锆砂ZrSiO4,其包含约66%ZrO2和33%SiO2以及杂质。采用锆石添加ZrO2远比添加ZrO2便宜。
所述组成可通过添加纯净氧化物、氧化物混合物或所述氧化物的前体的混合物来调节,特别是通过添加ZrO2、SiO2、MgO、Y2O3、CeO2和Al2O3来调节。
在本发明中,为在步骤c)末期获得符合本发明的颗粒,技术人员会调节初始装料的组成。本发明熔融陶瓷颗粒的化学分析通常与初始装料的化学分析基本上等同。此外,若必要,例如为将挥发性氧化物的存在考虑在内,或为将还原条件下实施熔合时SiO2的损失考虑在内,技术人员知晓如何相应地调节初始装料的组成。
优选地,不蓄意将除ZrO2+HfO2、SiO2、MgO、Al2O3、Y2O3、CeO2及其前体以外的原料引入初始装料中;存在的其它氧化物为杂质。
在步骤b)中,优选在电弧炉中熔化初始装料。可采用电熔合以高效地生产大量颗粒(优选为珠粒形式的颗粒)。然而,可想到任何已知的炉,例如感应电炉或等离子体炉,只要这些炉能够使得初始装料基本完全熔化即可。
在步骤c)中,将熔融液体丝分散成小液滴,所述小液滴由于表面张力而主要呈基本上球形。该分散可通过吹送实施,特别是采用空气和/或蒸汽吹送,或通过采用任意技术人员已知的雾化熔融材料的工艺实施。从而可生产尺寸为0.005mm-4mm的熔融陶瓷颗粒。
由分散引起的冷却导致液滴凝固。得到根据本发明的固体颗粒,特别是珠粒。
可采用任何常规的生产熔融颗粒、尤其是熔融珠粒的方法,只要初始装料的组成使得能够获得具有本发明颗粒组成的颗粒即可。作为例子,可生产熔融铸块,然后将其粉碎,且在必要时实施粒度选择。
颗粒
本发明的熔融陶瓷颗粒具有以下基于氧化物重量计的百分数并总计100%的化学组成:
50%<ZrO2+HfO2<70%;
10%<SiO2<30%;
6.5%<MgO<9.5%;
Al2O3,其量使得MgO/Al2O3重量比为2.4-6.6;
0.1%<Y2O3;
CeO2<10%;和
小于0.6%的其它氧化物。
特别地,当MgO/Al2O3重量比在4-5范围内时,且特别是当MgO/Al2O3重量比约为4.2时,且尤其是当CeO2<0.6%时,氧化钇Y2O3含量优选在0.2%-5%范围内以耐磨性,并且在1.7%-5.5%范围内以改进破裂强度。对于上述应用,且特别是对于研磨应用,当MgO/Al2O3重量比在4-5范围内时,且特别是当MgO/Al2O3重量比约为4.2时,和/或当CeO2<0.6%时,认为氧化钇Y2O3含量在1.7%-5%范围内,更优选在2.5%-5%范围内是最佳的。约4.1%的氧化钇Y2O3含量是优选的。
在示例性实施方式中,氧化钇Y2O3的重量小于6.0%,或甚至小于5.5%,且MgO/Al2O3重量比大于5或大于6,或小于4或小于3。
在本发明组成的情况下,关于破裂强度的技术影响与氧化钇的存在(即使其含量较低)有关。优选地,氧化钇Y2O3的重量大于0.2%,大于0.25%,大于0.6%,大于1.7%,大于2.5%,大于3.0%,大于3.5%或甚至大于3.8%。
然而,过大量的氧化钇Y2O3导致颗粒生产成本显著升高。此外,破裂强度与耐磨性的协调劣化。优选地,且尤其是当CeO2<0.6%时,氧化钇Y2O3的重量小于7.2%,小于7.0%,小于6.5%,小于6.0%,小于5.5%,小于5.0%,小于4.5%,小于4.2%。
更优选地,根据本发明的熔融陶瓷颗粒具有大于3,优选大于3.5,优选大于3.7,优选大于4.0,或甚至大于4.2的MgO/Al2O3重量比。
更优选地,根据本发明的熔融陶瓷颗粒具有小于6,优选小于5.5,优选小于5,或甚至优选小于4.5的MgO/Al2O3重量比。优选地,MgO/Al2O3重量比基本上为4.25。
本发明的熔融陶瓷颗粒优选包括以重量计大于7%,大于7.5%,优选大于8%或甚至大于8.5%的MgO含量。其优选包括小于9.3%,或甚至小于9%的MgO重量含量。
类似地,本发明的熔融陶瓷颗粒优选包含大于1.2%,优选大于1.4%,优选大于1.6%,优选大于1.8%的Al2O3重量含量。Al2O3的重量含量优选小于3.2%,小于2.8%,优选小于2.5%,优选小于2.2%。
氧化锆和二氧化硅的量还影响本发明颗粒的性能。
优选地,本发明熔融陶瓷颗粒包含大于56%,或甚至大于58%的ZrO2重量含量。优选地,该重量含量小于68%,优选小于65%,或甚至小于62%,或甚至小于61%,或甚至小于60%。
优选地,本发明的熔融陶瓷颗粒包含大于15%,优选大于16%,大于18%,优选大于20%,更优选大于22%,优选大于25%的SiO2重量含量。优选地,该重量含量小于29%,优选小于28%,或甚至小于27%。
CeO2可以是杂质。在此情况下,优选地,CeO2<0.6%。更优选地,根据基于氧化物的重量百分数,CeO2含量小于0.5%。在一个变型中,在高密度有利的应用中,蓄意添加CeO2;优选地,其含量大于1%,更优选大于6%。更加优选地,其含量小于9.5%。约9%的量被认为是最理想的。
“其它氧化物”优选仅以杂质形式存在。认为小于0.6%的“其它氧化物”总量不能够实质改变得到的结果。然而,优选地,作为基于氧化物重量的百分数,“其它氧化物”的量小于0.5%,优选小于0.45%,或甚至小于0.3%,或小于0.1%。
优选地,作为基于氧化物重量的百分数,杂质总量小于0.5%,优选小于0.45%。
更加优选地,本发明颗粒的氧化物含量占大于99.5%,优选大于99.9%,更优选为占所述颗粒全部质量的基本100%。
根据本发明的优选颗粒具有以下以基于氧化物重量的百分数计并总计100%的化学组成:
56%<ZrO2+HfO2<62%,优选58%<ZrO2+HfO2<61%;
15%<SiO2<28%;
8%<MgO<9.5%;
Al2O3,其量使得MgO/Al2O3重量比在4.2-5范围内;
0.1%<Y2O3,优选Y2O3<7%,优选0.2%<Y2O3<6%,更优选0.6%<Y2O3<5.5%,更加优选1.7%<Y2O3<5%;
CeO2<10%,特别是在CeO2为杂质的变型中(和特别地CeO2<0.6%,或甚至CeO2<0.5%),并且,其中1%<CeO2(优选6%<CeO2)且CeO2<9.5%;和
小于0.5%的其它氧化物。
本发明的熔融陶瓷颗粒可特别地具有小于4mm和/或大于0.005mm的尺寸。
在本发明的情况下可以有除“珠粒”外的其它形状,但优选基本为球形的形状。
本发明的熔融颗粒具有高破裂强度和耐磨性。
不愿意受任何具体理论束缚,本发明人通过氧化锆晶体与玻璃相(二氧化硅玻璃)结合的改进解释这些性能。
本发明的熔融陶瓷颗粒非常适于用作研磨剂和潮湿介质分散剂,以及用于表面处理的试剂。因此,本发明还提供了大量颗粒、特别是本发明珠粒或采用本发明方法生产的珠粒用作研磨剂、潮湿介质分散剂或用于表面处理的用途。
然而,应注意珠粒的性质,尤其是其强度、密度和生产便捷性可使其适于其它应用,特别是用作干研磨剂、支撑剂和热交换剂。
实施例
给出以下非限制性实施例以助于解释本发明。
测量方案
使用以下方法测定多种熔融陶瓷珠粒的混合物的特定性质。其提供了在研磨应用中实际工作性能的优异模拟。
为测定耐磨性,称重20mL(毫升)(采用刻度管测量的体积)尺寸在0.8mm-1mm范围内的试验珠粒(质量m0),并导入由供应商RETSCH获得的PM400型快速行星粉碎机的、采用致密烧结氧化铝覆盖的容积为125mL的4个广口瓶之一中。将2.2g由供应商Presi提供的碳化硅(中值尺度D50为23μm)和40mL水添加至已经包含所述珠粒的广口瓶中。将广口瓶密闭,并开始以400rpm旋转(行星式运动)1小时30分钟,其中每分钟改变一次旋转方向。然后通过100μm筛洗涤广口瓶内物质,以除去残余碳化硅和粉碎期间因磨损产生的碎屑。通过100μm筛进行筛选后,将颗粒在100℃下烘干3小时,然后称重(质量m)。
磨损采用百分数(%)表达,且等于相对于珠粒初始质量的珠粒重量损失,即:
100(m0-m)/(m0)
为测试珠粒的破裂强度,必须施加极端条件,以在粉碎机中在常规操作条件下导致破裂现象。
水平型压力粉碎机设有在转子上的指状物以及在槽内的相对的指状物。向容积为1.2升的该粉碎机中装填50%体积(表观体积)的具有测试粒度的珠粒,对应于珠粒的初始质量mi。
在粉碎机开始旋转之前和在整个测试期间,以6L/h的流速向室中供水。将转子指状物末端的线速度在7.3m/s下保持30分钟。
测试结束后,从槽内取出珠粒,使其干燥并进行筛选。将所述珠粒全部采用手工分类,以除去破损的珠粒,然后称重。破损珠粒的重量等于mbc。破损珠粒的百分比等于100×mbc/mi。
生产方案
在实施例中,使用的初始装料为基于锆石的组合物,其中添加有氧化镁、氧化钇和氧化铝。将该初始装料在Héroult型电弧炉中熔化。然后将熔融材料通过压缩空气吹送分散成珠粒。
特别地,实施多次熔融/浇铸循环,调节镁、钇和铝氧化物的量。
由于使用时最容易破裂的珠粒为尺寸大于1.6mm的珠粒,从而对1.6-2.5mm粒度范围实施上述破裂强度测试。
结果
得到的结果总结于下表1中。
非本发明的实施例“参比1”的参比珠粒为在研磨应用中常规使用的珠粒。实施例“参比2”和“参比3”的参比珠粒构成国际专利申请FR2007/052127的主题。
具有大于3.5的MgO/Al2O3比的实施例“参比2”的珠粒的破裂强度高于实施例参比3珠粒的破裂强度。
实施例7-10的珠粒为未落入本发明范围内的示例。
如果珠粒表现出以下特点,则认为结果是非常令人满意的:
-与参比例相比破裂强度改进至少10%;和
-与参比例相比耐磨性改进至少10%。
实施例1-6令人惊讶地表明,除了仅获得耐磨性改进的实施例5外,本发明的珠粒与参比珠粒相比在耐磨性和破裂强度方面表现出显著的性能。因此,实施例5表明,氧化钇的过量添加损害破裂强度。
非本发明的实施例7表明,对于约为4的MgO/Al2O3比,约5.5%的MgO含量不会改进破裂强度。
非本发明的实施例8表明,对于约为4的MgO/Al2O3比,约10.5%的MgO含量不会改进破裂强度。
非本发明的实施例9和10示出MgO/Al2O3比有必要在2.4-6.6范围内,以改进破裂强度。
实施例4珠粒的组成是最优选的。
毫无疑问地,本发明不限于作为示例性非限制实施例提供的所述实施方式。
Claims (15)
1.一种熔融陶瓷颗粒,具有以下以基于氧化物的重量百分数计且总计为100%的化学组成:
50%<ZrO2+HfO2<70%;
10%<SiO2<30%;
6.5%<MgO<9.5%;
Al2O3,其量使得MgO/Al2O3重量比为2.4-6.6;
0.1%<Y2O3;
CeO2<10%;和
小于0.6%的其它氧化物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的颗粒,其中,以基于氧化物的重量百分数计,Y2O3的含量大于0.25%且小于7.0%。
3.根据前一权利要求所述的颗粒,其中,以基于氧化物的重量百分数计,Y2O3的含量大于0.25%且小于6%。
4.根据前一权利要求所述的颗粒,其中,以基于氧化物的重量百分数计,Y2O3的含量大于0.6%且小于5.5%。
5.根据前一权利要求所述的颗粒,其中,以基于氧化物的重量百分数计,Y2O3的含量大于1.7%且小于5%。
6.根据任一前述权利要求所述的颗粒,其中,以基于氧化物的重量百分数计,ZrO2的含量大于56%且小于62%。
7.根据任一前述权利要求所述的颗粒,其中,以基于氧化物的重量百分数计,SiO2的含量大于15%且小于28%。
8.根据任一前述权利要求所述的颗粒,其中,以基于氧化物的重量百分数计,MgO的含量大于8%。
9.根据任一前述权利要求所述的颗粒,其中,MgO/Al2O3的重量比大于或等于4.2且小于或等于5。
10.根据任一前述权利要求所述的颗粒,具有以下以基于氧化物的重量百分数计且总计为100%的化学组成:
56%<ZrO2+HfO2<62%;
15%<SiO2<28%;
8%<MgO<9.5%;
Al2O3,其量使得MgO/Al2O3重量比为4.2-5;
0.2%<Y2O3<5%;
CeO2<10%;和
小于0.5%的其它氧化物。
11.根据前一权利要求所述的颗粒,包含大于0.6%的氧化钇。
12.根据任一前述权利要求所述的颗粒,具有小于0.6%的CeO2含量。
13.根据权利要求1-11中任一项所述的颗粒,具有大于6%的CeO2含量。
14.一种生产一组如任一前述权利要求所述颗粒的方法,包括以下连续步骤:
a)混合原料以形成初始装料;
b)熔化初始装料,直至得到熔融材料;
c)以液滴形式分散所述熔融材料,并以固体颗粒形式凝固所述液滴;
在该方法中,在步骤a)中选择所述原料以使得在步骤c)中得到的颗粒符合任一前述权利要求,蓄意且系统地以氧化物或氧化物前体形式将氧化钇添加至初始装料中。
15.复数个根据权利要求1-13中任一项所述的颗粒或采用根据前一权利要求所述的方法生产的颗粒用作研磨剂、潮湿介质分散剂、支撑剂、热交换剂或用于表面处理的用途。
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PCT/FR2009/050589 WO2009136055A2 (fr) | 2008-04-11 | 2009-04-07 | Particule en matiere ceramique fondue |
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CN103827047A (zh) * | 2011-07-22 | 2014-05-28 | 法商圣高拜欧洲实验及研究中心 | 耐火块和玻璃熔炉 |
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FR2937320B1 (fr) * | 2008-10-17 | 2011-07-29 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Procede de fabrication d'un produit en matiere ceramique fondue, produit obtenu et utilisations de ce produit |
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US5922801A (en) * | 1997-12-03 | 1999-07-13 | Nalco Chemical Company | Polyamide binders for ceramics manufacture |
AU3219100A (en) | 1999-09-28 | 2001-04-30 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Method of making abrasive grain |
US6797203B2 (en) * | 2002-07-12 | 2004-09-28 | Cerco Llc | Method of forming ceramic beads |
US7811496B2 (en) * | 2003-02-05 | 2010-10-12 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Methods of making ceramic particles |
FR2907115B1 (fr) | 2006-10-13 | 2008-12-26 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Particule en matiere ceramique fondue |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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FR2929940B1 (fr) | 2010-05-21 |
US8143182B2 (en) | 2012-03-27 |
WO2009136055A2 (fr) | 2009-11-12 |
FR2929940A1 (fr) | 2009-10-16 |
CN101998940B (zh) | 2014-03-19 |
EA201001461A1 (ru) | 2011-04-29 |
US20110105296A1 (en) | 2011-05-05 |
EP2262748B1 (fr) | 2018-06-13 |
KR20100135848A (ko) | 2010-12-27 |
WO2009136055A3 (fr) | 2010-07-15 |
EP2262748A2 (fr) | 2010-12-22 |
ZA201007130B (en) | 2011-12-28 |
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