A kind of high voltage frequency converter
Technical field
The present invention relates to power electronic technology, be specifically related to a kind of high voltage frequency converter.
Background technology
At industrial circle, need often to use power to carry out device drives at hundreds of kilowatt or above heavy-duty motor.For these heavy-duty motors,, therefore adopt the mode that improves rated voltage (such as the rated voltage that adopts 3KV, 6KV or 10KV) to reduce its operating current usually because its power output is higher.Described heavy-duty motor generally uses high voltage frequency converter to drive, thereby the speed adjustment that can carry out motor is realizing saving the purpose of the energy when needed, or reaches the requirement that equipment that motor is driven is controlled.
For common variable frequency power supply, because the voltage withstand class of the power electronic device of its use and the electric current that can bear are subjected to suitable restriction, can't operate high voltage, therefore the general at present tandem type H bridge high voltage frequency converter that uses is modulated input voltage, as shown in Figure 1, the 6KV high voltage frequency converter is made up of 15 power cells, and per 5 power unit cascades constitute a phase, and every phase output voltage is 3450V; The three-phase Y-connection, and the output of every phase is connected to motor and powers, and the line voltage after the stack is 6KV, thereby can realize high voltage output, satisfies the requirement of the specified input voltage of heavy-duty motor.
Wherein, each power cell is a commutation inversion device, can realize three-phase alternating current input and single phase alternating current (A.C.) output.Though the design of each power cell and processing are all quite complicated, but the extensive back cost of making can be well controlled, again because each power cell is identical, therefore this power cell has modularization and interchangeable advantage, motor for the specified input voltage of difference, only need to adopt the power cell of varying number to carry out tandem compound, just can satisfy the requirement that they are driven according to method shown in Figure 1.
Those skilled in the art understand easily, shown in Figure 1 only is the principle schematic of high voltage frequency converter, and in the circuit structure of reality, high voltage frequency converter is made of jointly a plurality of power cells shown in phase shifting transformer and Fig. 1, its electrical block diagram as shown in Figure 2, comprising:
Phase shifting transformer 210 an and 3n power cell 220, every corresponding power cell are n, and n is the positive integer more than or equal to 1;
Phase shifting transformer 210 is star-like triangle Yan Bianshi or Z type interconnection system transformer, and its former limit winding connects three-phase electricity (line voltage for example shown in Figure 1 is the input voltage of 6KV); The secondary of phase shifting transformer 210 comprises that the winding (being commonly referred to the low pressure isolated windings) that equates with power cell 220 numbers---the secondary that is phase shifting transformer 210 comprises 3n low pressure isolated windings.
The input of each power cell 220 connects a low pressure isolated windings, and an input of the corresponding power cell 220 of each phase voltage difference; Power cell 220 is further by high-voltage diode three phase full bridge 221, electrochemical capacitor 223 and insulated gate bipolar transistor (Insulated-Gate Bipolar Transistor, IGBT) inverter bridge 222 is formed, wherein the concrete structure of high-voltage diode three phase full bridge 221 and IGBT inverter bridge 222 is existing mature technology, in addition, eliminating the concrete grammar that is input to the low-order harmonic in each power cell by the phase shifting angle design of adjusting phase shifting transformer also is existing mature technology, introduces no longer in detail.
By circuit structure shown in Figure 2, the three-phase alternating current of former avris input is at first transformed into direct current by high-voltage diode three phase full bridge 221 by rectification, open and turn-off operation by the grid of four IGBT pipes in the control IGBT inverter bridge 222 afterwards, direct current can be changed into once more the alternating current of assigned frequency and voltage, thereby realize electric energy from of the transmission of former avris to load-side.
Development along with electric power system, motor device and environmental protection and energy saving technology, under many occasions---such as the quick stopping motor application occasion of needs, perhaps braking force energy-recuperation system in the engineering machinery etc., all require the power cell in the system not only can be operated under the drive pattern, also want to be operated under the reverse regeneration mode.Under regeneration mode, power cell receives the electric energy of load-side feedback, and sends it to grid side (being the former avris of phase shifting transformer) and store, thereby can more effectively utilize and save the energy.In this case, though circuit structure shown in Figure 2 can be realized the driving of heavy-duty motor, but but can't satisfy the job requirement of regeneration mode, find easily by Fig. 2, because the unidirectional on state characteristic of the diode in the high-voltage diode three phase full bridge 221, make under this circuit structure, load-side can't also oppositely be passed through diode by feedback current, and then send feedback energy to former limit winding, thereby power cell is merely able to be operated under the drive pattern, and this has just greatly limited the range of application of high voltage frequency converter shown in Figure 2.
In order to make high voltage frequency converter can not only be operated in drive pattern, but also can be operated under the regeneration mode, the solution that extensively adopts is to adopt power cell as shown in Figure 3 to realize at present, power cell shown in Figure 3 is commonly called pulse width modulation (Pulse Width Modulated, PWM) rectification inverter circuit, three input terminals of this circuit connect the three-phase alternating current by the input of phase shifting transformer secondary winding respectively, and this circuit specifically comprises:
IGBT three phase full bridge 310, electrochemical capacitor 330 and IGBT inverter bridge 320; Wherein, IGBT three phase full bridge 310 only is with the difference of high-voltage diode three phase full bridge 221 shown in Figure 2: two diodes on each brachium pontis in the high-voltage diode three phase full bridge 221 are replaced to IGBT pipe shown in Figure 3 respectively.In addition, each brachium pontis connects the phase voltage of input terminal input respectively in the high-voltage diode three phase full bridge 221, and each brachium pontis then further is connected on the phase voltage of input terminal input by an inductance in the IGBT three phase full bridge 310, and inductance is generally the milihenry level.Electrochemical capacitor and IGBT inverter bridge then all with Fig. 2 in electrochemical capacitor and IGBT inverter bridge identical.
Because each IGBT pipe is a switch element, therefore by controlling the unlatching and the shutoff of the IGBT pipe on each brachium pontis in the IGBT three phase full bridge 310, just the three-phase alternating current rectification of input can be become direct current, and then change the direct current after the rectification into single-phase alternating current by IGBT inverter bridge 320 and input to load.Because IGBT inverter bridge 320 is identical with IGBT inverter bridge 222 structures among Fig. 2, concrete control method is also varied for having mature technology and its control mode now, introduces in detail no longer one by one as space is limited herein.
Because the two-way admittance characteristic of IGBT pipe, therefore adopt the high voltage frequency converter that power cell and phase shifting transformer constituted shown in Figure 3, not only can realize driving to load, can also further receive the electric energy of load-side to the grid side feedback, thereby can either be operated under the drive pattern, can be operated under the regeneration mode again.
But this high voltage frequency converter still has certain defective.In the power cell shown in Figure 3, every phase input of IGBT three phase full bridge all is connected with the bigger inductance of numerical value, simultaneously, the capacitance of the electrochemical capacitor in parallel with IGBT three phase full bridge and IGBT inverter bridge is also higher, and in present power electronic device manufacturing process, big inductance and big electric capacity not only involve great expense, and volume and weight is all bigger, therefore be not suitable for the developing direction of present high voltage frequency converter miniaturization and lightness, range of application is subjected to bigger limitation; In addition, generally can only reach 5 to 6 years the useful life of electrochemical capacitor, in case surpass useful life, thus its actual capacitance value will descend rapidly and can't continue to use, but change and quite inconvenience.Moreover the electrolyte solution that electrochemical capacitor uses is easy to environment is polluted owing to contain heavy metal.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose a kind of high voltage frequency converter, volume weight is less, cost is lower, stable performance and environmental protection more.
To achieve these goals, the present invention proposes a kind of high voltage frequency converter, and this device comprises phase shifting transformer and 3n power cell, and every n power unit cascade constitutes a phase, and n is a positive integer; Described phase shifting transformer secondary connects to a described 3n power cell and to the first order circuit supply of each power cell; Described each power cell is the ac-ac conversion circuit that two-stage circuit constitutes, first order circuit is the three phase full bridge that is made of the turn-off semiconductor power device, second level circuit is the inverter bridge that is made of the turn-off semiconductor power device, two lead-out terminals of described first order circuit only with the corresponding connection of two input terminals of second level circuit.
Further comprise three groups of input filter inductances and three groups of input filter capacitors between the first order circuit of described power cell and secondary winding corresponding to phase shifting transformer, described every group of input filter inductance is made of the series and parallel of one or more inductance, and every group of input filter capacitor is made of the series and parallel of one or more electric capacity.
Described every group of corresponding phase of input filter inductance, a described wherein end of respectively organizing input filter capacitor links to each other, and the corresponding respectively phase that connects of the other end of every group of input filter capacitor; Perhaps, described every group of corresponding phase of input filter inductance, and connect one group of input filter capacitor between every two-phase.
The inductance value of described every group of input filter inductance is less than 1 milihenry.
Described every group of input filter capacitor is the following polarity free capacitors of 100 microfarads.
Described turn-off semiconductor power device is: but IGBT pipe, power field effect pipe or gate leve switch-off power thyristor.
Described phase shifting transformer is star-like triangle Yan Bianshi or Z type interconnection system transformer.
By technique scheme as can be seen, high voltage frequency converter provided by the invention, by the first order circuit output end in the power cell is linked to each other with second level circuit input end, realized support to drive pattern and regeneration mode, simultaneously, be provided with by the phase shifting angle of phase shifting transformer each power cell, can reduce even offset the low-order harmonic in the electric current that is input to power cell and improve input power factor, thereby improve the response speed of the circuit that a plurality of cascade of power units form.Owing to no longer use the electrochemical capacitor of big capacitance and the inductance of big inductance value in the circuit, so cost is lower, environmental protection more, performance are more stable, and volume and weight is littler.
Description of drawings
To make clearer above-mentioned and other feature and advantage of the present invention of those of ordinary skill in the art by describing the preferred embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to accompanying drawing below, identical label is represented identical parts, in the accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is the principle schematic of prior art mesohigh converter plant;
Fig. 2 is the electrical block diagram of prior art mesohigh converter plant;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of PWM rectification inverter circuit in the prior art;
Fig. 4 is the electrical block diagram of voltage changer in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is the electrical block diagram of embodiment of the invention mesohigh converter plant.
Embodiment
In order to make purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer,, the present invention is further elaborated below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explanation the present invention, and be not used in qualification the present invention.
The present invention at first provides a kind of voltage changer, and Fig. 4 is the electrical block diagram of the voltage changer of the embodiment of the invention.As shown in Figure 4, this voltage changer comprises two-stage circuit, and wherein first order circuit is an IGBT three phase full bridge 410, and second level circuit is an IGBT inverter bridge 420.Two lead-out terminals of IGBT three phase full bridge 410 only with the corresponding connection of two input terminals of IGBT inverter bridge 420; IGBT three phase full bridge 410 is identical with the IGBT three phase full bridge 310 among Fig. 3, and 420 of IGBT inverter bridge are identical with IGBT inverter bridge 222 and the IGBT inverter bridge 320 among Fig. 3 among Fig. 2.
IGBT three phase full bridge 410 comprises 6 IGBT pipes, is respectively IGBT
1, IGBT
2, IGBT
3, IGBT
4, IGBT
5, IGBT
6Wherein, IGBT
1The source S utmost point and IGBT
2Drain D extremely continuous, IGBT
3The S utmost point and IGBT
4D extremely continuous, IGBT
5The S utmost point and IGBT
6D extremely continuous; IGBT
1, IGBT
3And IGBT
5D extremely continuous, IGBT
2, IGBT
4And IGBT
6S extremely continuous.
IGBT
1The S utmost point and IGBT
2D extremely link to each other as an input terminal of voltage changer, IGBT
3The S utmost point and IGBT
4D extremely link to each other as another input terminal of voltage changer, IGBT
5The S utmost point and IGBT
6D extremely link to each other as the 3rd input terminal of voltage changer.
IGBT inverter bridge 420 comprises 4 IGBT pipes, is respectively IGBT
7, IGBT
8, IGBT
9, IGBT
10Wherein, IGBT
7The S utmost point and IGBT
8D extremely link to each other to form first output of voltage changer, IGBT
9The S utmost point and IGBT
10D extremely link to each other to form second output of voltage changer.IGBT
7And IGBT
9D extremely continuous, IGBT
8And IGBT
10S extremely continuous.Simultaneously, IGBT
1, IGBT
3, IGBT
5, IGBT
7And IGBT
9D extremely continuous, IGBT
2, IGBT
4, IGBT
6, IGBT
8And IGBT
10S extremely continuous.
The mode of operation of IGBT three phase full bridge 410 and high-voltage diode three phase full bridge 221 basically identicals:, form the duplex channel of power by selecting two IGBT pipes conducting with three-phase input voltage neutral voltage maximum.For example, in Fig. 4, when the line voltage between input side AB is maximum, to IGBT
1And IGBT
4Provide the conducting triggering signal, at this moment regardless of the sense of current in the circuit of the second level, all can directly be provided through first order circuit by grid side, promptly second level circuit can freely work in motor drive mode or regenerative braking pattern; The conducting selection mode of IGBT can obtain by analogizing under other initial conditions.In addition, because the mode of operation of IGBT three phase full bridge 410 is consistent with high-voltage diode three phase full bridge 221, and the frequency of each diode current flow in the high-voltage diode three phase full bridge 221 is identical with the frequency of three phase network (50Hz), so the switching frequency of IGBT three phase full bridge 410 also equals the frequency of three phase network.And for each the IGBT pipe in the IGBT full-bridge 310 among Fig. 3, those skilled in the art should understand, its switching frequency obviously is higher than the frequency of three phase network, therefore IGBT three phase full bridge 410 shown in Figure 4 is than IGBT three phase full bridge 310 shown in Figure 3, the operating frequency of IGBT pipe is lower, thereby system loss is also just lower.
Preferably, in order further the ac current signal of importing IGBT three phase full bridge 410 to be carried out The disposal of gentle filter, can also further increase the LC low pass filter that constitute by input filter inductance 430 and input filter capacitor 440 for every input mutually.Like this, further comprise in this voltage changer: input filter inductance 430 and input filter capacitor 440.Input filter inductance 430 comprises three groups of filter inductances, is respectively L1, L2 and L3.Input filter capacitor 440 comprises three groups of filter capacitors, is respectively C1, C2 and C3.
The end of L1 is an input terminal of voltage changer, the other end and IGBT
1S extremely continuous; The end of L2 is another input terminal of voltage changer, the other end and IGBT
3S extremely continuous; The end of L3 is the 3rd input terminal of voltage changer, the other end and IGBT
5S extremely continuous.Every group of filter capacitor can be constituted by the series and parallel of one or more electric capacity, and the end of C1, C2 and C3 links to each other, and the other end of C1 connects IGBT
1The S utmost point, the other end of C2 connects IGBT
3The S utmost point, the other end of C3 then connects IGBT
5The S utmost point.
This moment input filter capacitor and the input filter inductance in the voltage changer, switching frequency difference according to inverter bridge 420, input filter capacitor can be chosen as tens microfarads, the input filter inductance then can be chosen as tens to the hundreds of microhenry, so its volume and weight is all significantly less than electrochemical capacitor of the prior art and inductance.
The power cell that voltage changer shown in Fig. 4 is used for high voltage frequency converter, thereby the circuit structure of the high voltage frequency converter that the embodiment of the invention provides as shown in Figure 5, comprise phase shifting transformer 510 an and 3n power cell 520, every corresponding power cell is n, and n is the natural number more than or equal to 1.
The difference of Fig. 5 and Fig. 2 is: in Fig. 5, replaced the power cell 220 among Fig. 2 with the voltage changer shown in Fig. 4.
As shown in Figure 5, n power unit cascade constitutes a phase, every mutually in the lead-out terminal of each power cell formation cascade circuit of connecting successively, three-phase is star-like exports to load equipment M after linking to each other.
Those of ordinary skills understand easily, phase shifting angle by the appropriate design phase shifting transformer, just can reduce even offset the low-order harmonic in the electric current that is input to power cell and improve input power factor, correlation technique can be consulted this area correlation technique data, no longer introduces herein.
Need to prove, the connected mode of filter capacitor can also adopt alternate manner, with the input filter capacitor among Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 440 is example, can between every two-phase input voltage, connect one group of input filter capacitor---promptly, alternate with B one group of A, alternate with C one group of B, alternate with C one group of A.
In addition, above-mentioned is the explanation that example is carried out with the IGBT pipe, do not represent limitation of the invention, for as Fig. 4 or circuit structure shown in Figure 5, but the IGBT pipe can use various power transistors such as power field effect pipe, gate leve switch-off power thyristor or integral gate change transistor to substitute, and does not influence realization of the present invention.
In the prior art, also exist at present and utilize matrix converter to carry out application with the similar ac-ac conversion of the present invention, yet this application is confined to the three-phase alternating current input-three-phase alternating current output that single matrix converter is realized, and be mainly used in the application scenarios of low-voltage driving, therefore use occasion and the working method with the embodiment of the invention all exists than big-difference, because matrix converter is the common equipment of power domain, so locate no longer deployment analysis.
According to as seen above-mentioned, the high voltage frequency converter that the embodiment of the invention provides, by the first order circuit output end in the power cell is linked to each other with second level circuit input end, realized support to drive pattern and regeneration mode, simultaneously, be provided with by the phase shifting angle of phase shifting transformer each power cell, can reduce even offset the low-order harmonic in the electric current that is input to power cell and improve input power factor, thereby improve the response speed of the circuit that a plurality of cascade of power units form.Owing to no longer use the electrochemical capacitor of big capacitance and the inductance of big inductance value in the circuit, so cost is lower, environmental protection more, performance are more stable, and volume and weight is littler.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to restriction the present invention, all any modifications of being done within the spirit and principles in the present invention, is equal to and replaces and improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.