CN101968106A - Automatic speed-changing device for electric automobile - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic transmission device for an electric vehicle, which is characterized in that the overall structure is a layout form of two parallel shafts, one shaft is an input shaft, and the other shaft is an output shaft; two components are arranged on the input shaft An inner planetary gear mechanism and an outer planetary gear mechanism with an inner and outer wrapping relationship. The present invention controls the internal planetary gear mechanism and the external planetary gear mechanism to realize speed change through the on-off combination of different electromagnetic clutches and electromagnetic brakes on the input shaft and output shaft. Six output states with different speeds can effectively reduce the power of the motor, expand the speed and torque range of the electric vehicle, and improve the power and passing performance of the electric vehicle.

Description

An automatic transmission device for an electric vehicle

technical field

The invention belongs to an automatic transmission device, in particular to an automatic transmission device for an electric vehicle.

Background technique

With the requirements of "energy conservation and environmental protection" and "low-carbon economy", the research and development and promotion of new energy vehicles have attracted more and more attention from governments and automobile manufacturers, among which electric vehicles are the typical representatives of new energy vehicles.

The powertrain of an electric vehicle is different from that of a conventional fuel vehicle. The powertrain of a fuel car is composed of an engine and a gearbox. The speed and torque output by the engine are changed through the gearbox to make the car move forward at different speeds to meet the driving requirements of the car in different road conditions. The powertrain of electric vehicles often only has electric motors, and only a few electric buses are equipped with two-speed gearboxes, but there is no multi-gear gearbox specially used to adjust the vehicle speed in fuel vehicles. The torque and speed adjustment of electric vehicles is usually realized by directly changing the speed and torque of the electric motor by means of frequency converters. In order to get a larger output torque to drive the car to start and accelerate, the electric car needs a larger power drive motor, so the energy consumption of the battery of the electric car also increases accordingly.

In order to reduce the power of the electric motor and increase the torque range of the electric vehicle, it is necessary to introduce the gearbox into the powertrain of the electric vehicle. There are two types of traditional transmissions, manual and automatic. In order to improve the comfort of the vehicle and the convenience of operation, the automatic transmission should be selected as the transmission system of the electric vehicle. However, due to the fact that a large number of hydraulic clutches and brakes are used in the transmission mechanism of the existing automatic transmission, if it is directly used for electric vehicles, a large amount of hydraulic equipment needs to be added to the structure, thereby increasing the difficulty and difficulty of manufacturing the automatic transmission. Cost of production. Therefore, it is not suitable to directly introduce the existing automatic transmission into the electric vehicle.

So far, there is no automatic transmission specifically for electric vehicles.

Contents of the invention

The present invention is to avoid the disadvantages of the above-mentioned prior art, and provides an automatic transmission device for electric vehicles, which can be used as a gearbox for electric vehicles, making up for the fact that electric vehicles do not have a gearbox or only have a small number of gears. The shortage of the gearbox can reduce the motor power of the electric vehicle at the same time, expand the speed and torque range of the electric vehicle, and meet the driving requirements of the vehicle under different road conditions, starting, reversing, etc.

The present invention adopts following technical scheme for realizing above-mentioned purpose:

The overall structure is a layout of two parallel shafts, one shaft is the input shaft, and the other shaft is the output shaft;

Arrange two inner and outer planetary gear mechanisms and outer planetary gear mechanisms on the input shaft, the inner planetary gear mechanism is composed of an inner sun wheel, an inner planetary gear and an inner ring gear; the outer planetary gear The mechanism is composed of an outer sun wheel, an outer planetary gear and an outer ring gear; wherein, the inner ring gear in the inner planetary gear mechanism is the rotating arm of the outer planetary gear in the outer planetary gear mechanism, and the output gear is the outer planetary gear The rotating arm of the outer planetary gear mechanism; the outer ring gear in the outer planetary gear mechanism is the rotating arm of the inner planetary gear in the inner planetary gear mechanism; the support is the rotating arm of the inner planetary gear; the outer circumference of the outer ring gear is installed There is a second electromagnetic brake, the connecting piece and the inner center wheel are fixedly connected by screws, and the first electromagnetic brake is installed on the outer periphery of the connecting piece;

A first electromagnetic clutch, a second electromagnetic clutch and a third electromagnetic clutch are respectively installed on the input shaft, and the coil parts of the three electromagnetic clutches are fixedly connected with the input shaft through respective keys; the first electromagnetic clutch The armature of the clutch is connected to the input gear by screws, the armature of the second electromagnetic clutch is connected to the connecting piece by screws, the armature of the third electromagnetic clutch is connected to the connecting sleeve by screws, and the connecting sleeve and the connecting sleeve are connected by screws. The outer center wheel is fixedly connected by screws; the positioning sleeve is used for axial positioning of the third electromagnetic clutch; the sleeve is used for axial positioning of the third electromagnetic clutch;

Set the gear shaft as the power transition shaft, the left gear of the gear shaft on the gear shaft meshes with the input gear, the right gear of the gear shaft of the gear shaft meshes with the intermediate gear, and the intermediate gear and the outer ring gear are fixedly connected by screws ;

The output shaft is engaged with the output gear by the output shaft gear on it, and outputs the power after the speed change through the inner planetary gear mechanism and the outer planetary gear mechanism.

In the structural form of the present invention, after the power is input by the shaft coupling, the input shaft obtains power, and at this time, the coil parts of the first electromagnetic clutch, the second electromagnetic clutch and the third electromagnetic clutch rotate with the input shaft.

When the third electromagnetic clutch is energized, the armature of the third electromagnetic clutch is attracted to the coil part, and the outer center wheel obtains power. Keep the energized state of the third electromagnetic clutch, and simultaneously make the first electromagnetic brake energized, the inner ring gear is released, and the outer ring gear is still in the locked state (the electromagnetic brake is released when the power is turned on, and locked when the power is turned off). Through the shifting effect of the inner planetary gear mechanism and the outer planetary gear mechanism, the outer planetary gear obtains a certain speed, and the output shaft obtains power of a certain speed and torque (that is, the output of "forward gear 1").

When the first electromagnetic clutch, the second electromagnetic clutch, the third electromagnetic clutch, the first electromagnetic brake, and the second electromagnetic brake are energized in the ways shown in Table 1, through the speed change action of the inner planetary gear mechanism and the outer planetary gear mechanism, it can be realized "Four forwards with different speeds", "One reverse" and "Stop" six different speeds and power states.

Table 1 The working status of the electromagnetic clutch and electromagnetic brake of the device at different power outputs

Note:

1. "1" in the table means power on, and "0" means power off;

2, transmission ratio is the ratio of the speed of input shaft (25) and output shaft (5).

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are reflected in:

1. The present invention adopts the layout form of two parallel shafts, which is convenient for installation.

2. The present invention controls the inner planetary gear mechanism and the outer planetary gear mechanism to achieve speed change through different on-off combinations of electromagnetic clutches and electromagnetic brakes, and its electronic control method is more suitable for application in electric vehicles.

3. Because the present invention adopts the mechanical transmission structure of the inner planetary gear mechanism and the outer planetary gear mechanism, and through the control of the electromagnetic clutch and electromagnetic brake, it can realize six output states of different speeds, including forward rotation of four speeds, one speed Therefore, it can meet the driving needs of electric vehicles such as idling, forward, acceleration and reverse.

4. The structure of the present invention can effectively reduce the power of the electric motor, expand the speed and torque range of the electric vehicle, and improve the power and passing performance of the electric vehicle.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention.

Symbols in the figure: 1 left bearing end cover, 2a left bearing seat, 2b right bearing seat, 3 gear shaft, 3a gear shaft left gear, 3b gear shaft right gear, 4 middle bearing seat, 5 output shaft, 5a output Shaft gear, 6 right bearing end cover, 7 input right bearing seat, 8 input right bearing end cover, 9 sleeve, 10 connecting sleeve, 11 output gear, 12 outer center wheel, 13 outer planetary wheel, 14 outer Ring gear, 15 support piece, 16 inner ring gear, 17 inner planetary wheel, 18 inner sun wheel, 19 intermediate gear, 20 connecting piece, 21 positioning sleeve, 22 input left bearing seat, 23 input left bearing end cover, 24 input gears, 25 input shafts, 26 couplings.

Detailed ways

The overall structure of this embodiment is a layout of two parallel shafts, one shaft is the input shaft 25 and the other shaft is the output shaft 5 . The input shaft 25 is fixed on the input left side bearing seat 22 and the input right side bearing seat 7, the input left side bearing end cover 23 is fixed on the left side bearing seat 22 by screws, and the input right side bearing end cover 8 is fixed on the input side by screws. On the right bearing seat 7, the coupling 26 is fixedly connected with the input shaft 25 through a key; the output shaft 5 is fixed on the middle bearing seat 4 and the right bearing seat 2b, and the right bearing end cover 6 is fixed on the right bearing by screws on seat 2b. When a power source (such as a motor) is connected to the shaft coupling 26, the input shaft 25 is powered and rotates at the same speed as the power source. On the input shaft 25, two inner and outer planetary gear mechanisms and an outer planetary gear mechanism are arranged, and the inner planetary gear mechanism is composed of an inner sun wheel 18, an inner planetary gear 17 and an inner ring gear 16; the outer planetary gear mechanism is composed of The outer sun gear 12, the outer planetary gear 13 and the outer ring gear 14 are composed; wherein, the inner ring gear 16 in the inner planetary gear mechanism is the rotating arm of the outer planetary gear 13 in the outer planetary gear mechanism, and the output gear 11 is a part of the outer planetary gear 13. The rotating arm; the outer ring gear 14 in the outer planetary gear mechanism is the rotating arm of the inner planetary wheel 17 in the inner planetary gear mechanism; the support member 15 is the rotating arm of the inner planetary wheel 17; the inner planetary gear mechanism and the outer planetary gear here The mechanism is the variable speed transmission mechanism of the device. By fixing one of the gears (such as the outer ring gear 14) and providing power to one of the gears (such as the outer sun gear 12), the rotating arm of the outer planetary gear 13 can obtain a certain speed. , and through the engagement of the output gear 11 and the output shaft gear 5a, the power is transmitted to the output shaft 5. A second electromagnetic brake EB2 is installed on the outer circumference of the outer ring gear 14 , the connecting piece 20 is fixedly connected with the inner center wheel 18 by screws, and a first electromagnetic brake EB1 is installed on the outer circumference of the connecting piece 20 . The function of the first electromagnetic brake EB1 and the second electromagnetic brake EB2 is to fix a certain gear in the inner planetary gear mechanism and the outer planetary gear mechanism.

The first electromagnetic clutch EC1, the second electromagnetic clutch EC2 and the third electromagnetic clutch EC3 are respectively installed on the input shaft 25, and the coil parts of the three electromagnetic clutches are connected with the input shaft 25 by respective keys; The armature is connected to the input gear 24 by screws, the armature of the second electromagnetic clutch EC2 is connected to the connecting piece 20 by screws, the armature of the third electromagnetic clutch EC3 is connected to the connecting sleeve 10 by screws, and the connecting sleeve 10 is connected to the outer center The wheels 12 are fixedly connected by screws; the positioning sleeve 21 axially positions the third electromagnetic clutch EC2; the sleeve 9 axially positions the third electromagnetic clutch EC3. The functions of the first electromagnetic clutch EC1 , the second electromagnetic clutch EC2 and the third electromagnetic clutch EC3 are to provide power to a certain gear in the inner planetary gear mechanism and the outer planetary gear mechanism.

Set the gear shaft 3 as the power transition shaft, the gear shaft left gear 3a on the gear shaft 3 meshes with the input gear 24, the gear shaft right gear 3b of the gear shaft 3 meshes with the intermediate gear 19, and the intermediate gear 19 and the outer ring gear 14 pass through The screws are fixed; the gear shaft 3 is fixed on the left bearing seat 2a and the middle bearing seat 4, and the left bearing end cover 1 is fixed on the left bearing seat 2a by screws. Power can be put on the input shaft 25 through the gear shaft 3, through the first electromagnetic clutch EC1, the meshing pair of the input gear 24 and the left gear 3a of the gear shaft, and the meshing pair of the intermediate gear 19 and the right gear 3b of the gear shaft, the power is input to the inner planet On the rotating arm of wheel 17.

The output shaft 5 is meshed with the output gear 11 by the output shaft gear 5a on it, and outputs the power after passing through the internal planetary gear mechanism and the external planetary gear mechanism after speed change.

The automatic transmission device for an electric vehicle mentioned in the present invention can be used as an automatic transmission for an electric vehicle to realize four forward gears, one reverse gear and one idle gear. The specific implementation method is:

Firstly, the input shaft 25 is connected with the electric motor of the electric vehicle, and now the input shaft 25 has obtained power. When the first electromagnetic clutch EC1, the second electromagnetic clutch EC2 and the third electromagnetic clutch EC3 and the first electromagnetic brake EB1 and the second electromagnetic brake EB2 are energized according to Table 1, six power output states can be realized: four speeds Forward rotation at one speed, reverse at one speed and stop. For electric vehicles, it is also called 4 forward gears, 1 reverse gear and 1 neutral gear.

The implementation of the four forward gears is as follows:

When it is forward gear 1, the third electromagnetic clutch (EC3) and the first electromagnetic brake (EB1) are energized, and the rest are powered off. At this time, the outer center wheel 12 obtains power, the outer ring gear 14 is locked, and the rotation of the outer planetary gear 13 The arm speed outputs the power, and transmits the power to the output shaft 5 through the meshing of the output gear 11 and the output shaft gear 5a. Now the transmission ratio of the input shaft 25 and the output shaft 5 is 2.846. This gear is called "forward gear 1", which is generally used for starting electric vehicles.

When it is forward gear 2, the third electromagnetic clutch (EC3) and the second electromagnetic brake (EB2) are energized, and all the other powers are cut off. At this time, the outer center wheel 12 obtains power, the connecting piece 20 is locked, and the rotating arm of the outer planetary wheel 13 The speed outputs the power, and transmits the power to the output shaft 5 through the meshing of the output gear 11 and the output shaft gear 5a. Now the transmission ratio of the input shaft 25 and the output shaft 5 is 1.516. This gear is called "forward gear 2", which is generally used for electric vehicles to move forward.

When being the forward gear 3, except that the second electromagnetic clutch (EC2) is powered off, all the other electromagnetic clutches and electromagnetic brakes are energized, and now the outer center wheel 12 and the inner planetary wheel 17 obtain power, and the speed of the rotating arm of the outer planetary wheel 13 will be The power is output, and the power is transmitted to the output shaft 5 through the meshing of the output gear 11 and the output shaft gear 5a. At this moment, the transmission ratio of the input shaft 25 and the output shaft 5 is 1. This gear is called "forward gear 3", which is generally used for accelerating electric vehicles.

When it is forward gear 4, the first electromagnetic clutch (EC1) and the second electromagnetic brake (EB2) are energized, and all the other are de-energized. At this time, the inner planetary wheel 17 obtains power, and the connecting piece 20 is locked, and the rotating arm of the outer planetary wheel 13 The speed outputs the power, and transmits the power to the output shaft 5 through the meshing of the output gear 11 and the output shaft gear 5a. Now the transmission ratio of the input shaft 25 and the output shaft 5 is 0.72. This gear is called "forward gear 4", which is generally used for overspeeding of electric vehicles.

One of the reverse gears is implemented as follows:

When in reverse gear, the second electromagnetic clutch (EC2) and the first electromagnetic brake (EB1)) are energized, and the rest are powered off. At this time, the inner center wheel 18 obtains power, the outer ring gear 14 is locked, and the rotation of the outer planetary gear 13 The arm speed outputs the power, and transmits the power to the output shaft 5 through the meshing of the output gear 11 and the output shaft gear 5a. Now the transmission ratio of the input shaft 25 and the output shaft 5 is -2.577. This gear is called "reverse gear" and is generally used for reversing electric vehicles.

The implementation of one of the gaps is:

When it is in neutral, the first electromagnetic brake (EB1)) is energized, and the rest are powered off. At this time, there is no speed output, which is generally used for electric vehicles in neutral.

Claims (1)

1. used for electric vehicle automatic transimission is characterized in that having:

Overall structure is the distribution form of two parallel axes, and an axle is input shaft (25), and another root axle is output shaft (5);

Go up inner planet gear mechanism and the exterior epicyclic gear mechanism that arranges the inside and outside parcel relation of two compositions at described input shaft (25), inner planet gear mechanism is made up of interior central gear (18), expert star-wheel (17) and ring gear (16); Described exterior epicyclic gear mechanism is made up of outer central gear (12), layman's star-wheel (13) and external toothing (14); Wherein, the ring gear (16) in the described inner planet gear mechanism is the pivoted arm of described exterior epicyclic gear mechanism's China and foreign countries' planet wheels (13), and output gear (11) is the pivoted arm of described layman's star-wheel (13); External toothing (14) in the described exterior epicyclic gear mechanism is the pivoted arm of expert star-wheel (17) in the described inner planet gear mechanism; Supporting element (15) is the pivoted arm of described expert star-wheel (17); The periphery of described external toothing (14) is equipped with second electromagnetic brake (EB2), and link (20) and interior central gear (18) are connected by screw, in the periphery of described link (20) first electromagnetic brake (EB1) is installed;

Be separately installed with first magnetic clutch (EC1), second magnetic clutch (EC2) and the 3rd magnetic clutch (EC3) on described input shaft (25), the coiler part of described three electromagnetic clutchs and described input shaft (25) are connected by key separately; The armature of described first magnetic clutch (EC1) is connected by screw with input gear (24), the armature of described second magnetic clutch (EC2) and link (20) are connected by screw, the armature of described the 3rd magnetic clutch (EC3) and coupling sleeve (10) are connected by screw, and described coupling sleeve (10) is connected by screw with outer central gear (12); With abutment sleeve (21) described the 3rd magnetic clutch (EC2) is made axially locating; With sleeve (9) described the 3rd magnetic clutch (EC3) is made axially locating;

Be provided as the gear shaft (3) of power transition axis, gear shaft left gear (3a) on the described gear shaft (3) meshes with intermediate gear (19) with the gear shaft right gear (3b) of input gear (24) engagement, described gear shaft (3), and described intermediate gear (19) is connected by screw with external toothing (14);

Described output shaft (5) will be exported via the power after described inner planet gear mechanism and the exterior epicyclic gear mechanism speed change with output shaft gear on it (5a) and described output gear (11) engagement.

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