CN101943600B - Backscatter-based distributed fiber-optic vibration system - Google Patents
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Abstract
传统的基于背向散射的分布式光纤振动传感技术(PDVS)如图1所示，其包括脉冲光源1，传统方案只有一根传感光缆(如图1所示)，干涉实际上发生在传感光缆中。基于背向散射的分布式光纤振动传感系统，其包括光路系统和数据处理系统。所述光路系统其包括脉冲光源，脉冲光源的一端与2×2耦合器一端连接，2×2耦合器的连接传感光缆和参考光缆。本发明把干涉从传感光缆中转移到耦合器中，从而使干涉信号的光程差限定在耦合器的工艺误差范围之内，降低了系统对光源线宽的要求。
The traditional distributed optical fiber vibration sensing technology (PDVS) based on backscattering is shown in Figure 1, which includes a pulsed light source 1, and the traditional solution has only one sensing optical cable (as shown in Figure 1), and the interference actually occurs at in the sensor cable. A distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system based on backscattering, which includes an optical path system and a data processing system. The optical system includes a pulsed light source, one end of the pulsed light source is connected to one end of a 2×2 coupler, and the 2×2 coupler is connected to a sensing optical cable and a reference optical cable. The invention transfers the interference from the sensing optical cable to the coupler, so that the optical path difference of the interference signal is limited within the process error range of the coupler, and the requirement of the system on the line width of the light source is reduced.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及光纤振动传感领域，尤其涉及一种基于背向散射的分布式光纤振动传感系统。The invention relates to the field of optical fiber vibration sensing, in particular to a distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system based on backscattering.
背景技术 Background technique
基于背向散射的分布式光纤振动传感技术(PDVS)，是一种能够同时实现高定位精度和高振动特征识别率的光纤传感技术。Distributed optical fiber vibration sensing technology (PDVS) based on backscattering is an optical fiber sensing technology that can simultaneously achieve high positioning accuracy and high vibration feature recognition rate.
传统的基于背向散射的分布式光纤振动传感技术(PDVS)如图1所示，其包括脉冲光源1，传统方案只有一根传感光缆(如图1所示)，干涉实际上发生在传感光缆中。当激光脉冲在行进过程中，其前端部分产生的散射光与“赶上来”的激光脉冲后端部分产生的散射光会从某时刻开始重合，并发生干涉。从这里我们可以看出，为了获得足够强的干涉信号，需要使光源的相干长度不能小于脉冲宽度对应的实际距离的一半，即v·τ/2，其中v是光在光缆中的速度，τ是激光脉冲宽度。以20米的空间分别率计算，激光光源的线宽不能高于10MHz。The traditional distributed optical fiber vibration sensing technology (PDVS) based on backscattering is shown in Figure 1, which includes a pulsed light source 1, and the traditional solution has only one sensing optical cable (as shown in Figure 1), and the interference actually occurs at in the sensor cable. When the laser pulse is traveling, the scattered light generated by the front part and the scattered light generated by the rear part of the "catch up" laser pulse will overlap from a certain moment and interfere. From here we can see that in order to obtain a sufficiently strong interference signal, the coherence length of the light source must not be less than half of the actual distance corresponding to the pulse width, that is, v τ/2, where v is the speed of light in the optical cable, τ is the laser pulse width. Calculated with a spatial resolution of 20 meters, the linewidth of the laser light source cannot be higher than 10MHz.
该系统能够很好的实现振动信号的定位和识别。但该系统对光源具有很高的要求，特别是超窄线宽的要求，再加上窄脉冲和大功率的要求。导致这种光源价格昂贵、生产周期长、维护困难，不适合大规模推广。The system can well realize the positioning and identification of vibration signals. However, the system has high requirements on the light source, especially the requirements of ultra-narrow linewidth, coupled with the requirements of narrow pulse and high power. As a result, this light source is expensive, has a long production cycle, and is difficult to maintain, and is not suitable for large-scale promotion.
鉴于此，有必要设计一种新的实时数据处理系统用于解决上述技术问题。In view of this, it is necessary to design a new real-time data processing system to solve the above technical problems.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种基于背向散射的分布式光纤振动系统，把干涉从传感光缆中转移到耦合器中，从而使干涉信号的光程差限定在耦合器的工艺误差范围之内，降低了系统对光源线宽的要求。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a distributed optical fiber vibration system based on backscattering, which transfers the interference from the sensing optical cable to the coupler, so that the optical path difference of the interference signal is limited to the process error of the coupler Within the range, the requirements of the system on the line width of the light source are reduced.
一种基于背向散射的分布式光纤振动传感系统，其包括光路系统和数据处理系统。所述光路系统其包括脉冲光源，脉冲光源的一端与2×2耦合器一端连接，2×2耦合器的连接传感光缆和参考光缆。A distributed optical fiber vibration sensing system based on backscattering, which includes an optical path system and a data processing system. The optical system includes a pulsed light source, one end of the pulsed light source is connected to one end of a 2×2 coupler, and the 2×2 coupler is connected to a sensing optical cable and a reference optical cable.
作为本发明的一种优选方案，所述脉冲光源为次窄线宽脉冲大功率光源系统。As a preferred solution of the present invention, the pulsed light source is a sub-narrow linewidth pulsed high-power light source system.
作为本发明的一种优选方案，所述数据处理系统设有接收把耦合器的另外一端的后向散射光的偏振分路器，和与其连接的光电探测器1和光电探测器2；所述光电探测器1和2的输出端与A/D转换器及数据处理器(D8)连接，As a preferred solution of the present invention, the data processing system is provided with a polarization splitter receiving the backscattered light at the other end of the coupler, and a photodetector 1 and a photodetector 2 connected thereto; The output terminals of photodetectors 1 and 2 are connected with A/D converter and data processor (D8),
作为本发明的一种优选方案，所述2×2耦合器除连接传感光缆外还连有参考光缆。As a preferred solution of the present invention, the 2×2 coupler is also connected with a reference optical cable in addition to the sensing optical cable.
本发明选用次窄线宽脉冲大功率光源系统和参考光缆，把干涉从传感光缆中转移到耦合器中，从而使干涉信号的光程差限定在耦合器的工艺误差范围之内，降低了系统对光源线宽的要求。The present invention selects a sub-narrow linewidth pulse high-power light source system and a reference optical cable to transfer the interference from the sensing optical cable to the coupler, so that the optical path difference of the interference signal is limited within the process error range of the coupler, reducing the The requirements of the system for the line width of the light source.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1是现有的基于背向散射的分布式光纤振动传感技术(PDVS)示意图；Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of existing distributed optical fiber vibration sensing technology (PDVS) based on backscattering;
图2是本发明数据处理系统示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the data processing system of the present invention.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
下面结合附图详细说明本发明的优选实施例。Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
请参阅图2，本发明涉及一种基于背向散射的分布式光纤振动系统，其包括次窄线宽大功率脉冲光源(D1)、2×2耦合器(D2)、传感光缆(D3)和参考光缆(D4)、偏振分路器(D5)，光电探测器1(D6)和光电探测器2(D7)及A/D转换器及数据处理器(D8)。Please refer to Fig. 2, the present invention relates to a kind of distributed optical fiber vibration system based on backscattering, it comprises sub-narrow line width high-power pulse light source (D1), 2 * 2 coupler (D2), sensing optical cable (D3) and Reference optical cable (D4), polarization splitter (D5), photodetector 1 (D6) and photodetector 2 (D7), A/D converter and data processor (D8).
次窄线宽大功率脉冲光源(D1)的输出端与2×2耦合器(D2)主级一端口连接，2×2耦合器(D2)次级分别连接传感光缆(D3)和参考光缆(D4)；耦合器主级另一端口连接偏振分路器(D5)，偏振分路器(D5)的输出端与光电探测器1和光电探测器2的输入端连接；所述光电探测器1和2的输出端与A/D转换器及数据处理器(D8)连接，其特征在于：所述2×2耦合器(D2)除连接传感光缆(D3)外还连有参考光缆(D4)。The output end of the sub-narrow linewidth high-power pulse light source (D1) is connected to the first port of the primary stage of the 2×2 coupler (D2), and the secondary stage of the 2×2 coupler (D2) is respectively connected to the sensing optical cable (D3) and the reference optical cable ( D4); the other port of the main stage of the coupler is connected to the polarization splitter (D5), and the output end of the polarization splitter (D5) is connected to the input end of the photodetector 1 and the photodetector 2; the photodetector 1 The output end of and 2 is connected with the A/D converter and the data processor (D8), and it is characterized in that: the described 2×2 coupler (D2) is also connected with the reference optical cable (D4) except the sensing optical cable (D3). ).
当光源发出的激光脉冲进入耦合器后分别进入传感光缆(D3)和参考光缆(D4)，在传感光缆和参考光缆中分别产生相应的瑞利散射光，两路散射光在耦合器(D2)内汇合，如果光源的线宽足够窄，就会发生干涉。干涉信号经由耦合器到达偏振分路器(D5)，经光电转换电路及后期电路的处理就可以解调出振动信号，并根据散射信号到达处理电路的时间进行定位(OTDR技术)。When the laser pulse emitted by the light source enters the coupler, it enters the sensing optical cable (D3) and the reference optical cable (D4) respectively, and the corresponding Rayleigh scattered light is generated in the sensing optical cable and the reference optical cable respectively, and the two scattered light passes through the coupler ( Convergence within D2), if the linewidth of the light source is narrow enough, interference will occur. The interference signal reaches the polarization splitter (D5) through the coupler, and the vibration signal can be demodulated after being processed by the photoelectric conversion circuit and the later circuit, and the positioning is performed according to the time when the scattered signal reaches the processing circuit (OTDR technology).
传统方案只有一根传感光缆(如图1所示)，干涉实际上发生在传感光缆中。当激光脉冲在行进过程中，其前端部分产生的散射光与的激光脉冲后端部分产生的散射光会从某时刻开始重合，并发生干涉。为了获得足够强的干涉信号，需要使光源的相干长度不能小于脉冲宽度对应的实际距离的一半，即v·τ/2，其中v是光在光缆中的速度，τ是激光脉冲宽度。以20米的空间分别率计算，激光光源的线宽不能高于10MHz。The traditional scheme has only one sensing optical cable (as shown in Figure 1), and the interference actually occurs in the sensing optical cable. When the laser pulse is traveling, the scattered light generated by the front part and the scattered light generated by the rear part of the laser pulse will overlap from a certain moment and interfere. In order to obtain a sufficiently strong interference signal, it is necessary to make the coherence length of the light source not less than half of the actual distance corresponding to the pulse width, that is, v·τ/2, where v is the speed of light in the optical cable, and τ is the laser pulse width. Calculated with a spatial resolution of 20 meters, the linewidth of the laser light source cannot be higher than 10MHz.
而采用改进的光路结构之后，可忽略激光脉冲在光缆中的干涉，只关注两路散射光在耦合器中的干涉。由于耦合器工艺的不足，会导致注入到传感光缆和参考光缆的两个光脉冲以及返回来的瑞利散射光有了一定的光程差，所以只要当光源的相干长度大于该光程差，稳定的干涉信号就会产生。为此，根据耦合器的尺寸，光源的相干长度不超过10CM，相应的线宽应在GHz量级。After adopting the improved optical path structure, the interference of the laser pulse in the optical cable can be ignored, and only the interference of the two scattered lights in the coupler can be paid attention to. Due to the lack of coupler technology, there will be a certain optical path difference between the two optical pulses injected into the sensing optical cable and the reference optical cable and the returned Rayleigh scattered light, so as long as the coherence length of the light source is greater than the optical path difference , a stable interference signal will be generated. For this reason, according to the size of the coupler, the coherence length of the light source should not exceed 10CM, and the corresponding linewidth should be on the order of GHz.
上述对实施例的描述是为便于该技术领域的普通技术人员能理解和应用本发明。熟悉本领域技术的人员显然可以容易地对这些实施例做出各种修改，并把在此说明的一般原理应用到其他实施例中而不必经过创造性的劳动。因此，本发明不限于这里的实施例，本领域技术人员根据本发明的揭示，对于本发明做出的改进和修改都应该在本发明的保护范围之内。The above description of the embodiments is for those of ordinary skill in the technical field to understand and apply the present invention. It is obvious that those skilled in the art can easily make various modifications to these embodiments, and apply the general principles described here to other embodiments without creative effort. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments herein, and improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art according to the disclosure of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
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