CN101845207B - 生物可分解的两液型发泡组合物 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种生物可分解的两液型发泡组合物，其包含主溶液与副溶液。其中主溶液包含聚乳酸粉末、聚己内酯多元醇与发泡剂混合而成。副溶液则包含多元醇与异氰酸酯混合而成。主溶液与副溶液混合后即进行发泡反应，以产生一生物可分解的发泡体。
Description
技术领域
本发明是有关于一种发泡组合物，且特别是有关于一种生物可分解的两液型发泡组合物(biodegradable two-solution type foam composition)。
背景技术
一般传统塑料制备工艺多为淋膜、发泡、射出成型等。其中，在灌注发泡制备工艺中，以两液型灌注发泡最为常见。两液混合的原理在于利用具可反应产生发泡气体的两种原料，通过外力使二者混合后发生化学变化，经模具形塑而生产出所需的成品。此种两液型灌注发泡技术可以快速生产塑料发泡物，并且供应各种产业需求。
但由于目前全球环保议题随着市场需求提升，不仅各国竞相修法要求塑料产品具备分解能力，且消费者也都具有减少使用无法分解循环塑料产品的意识，故越来越多传统塑料产品改以生物分解性塑料取代。
现今生物分解性塑料技术在使用时，生物分解性塑料可具有与一般传统塑料同样的机能性，若循正常处理方式可于短时间内达完全分解。而若是被恶意使用后丢弃在地表上海水中，也可因生物分解性塑料受到微生物的作用而终至使其分解成二氧化碳与水。
发明内容
因此，本发明的一个方面在于提供一种生物可分解的两液型发泡组合物，以两溶液混合以进行发泡反应。而此两溶液在混合前，各自得以均匀混合，于常温下都呈现液状，易于储存。
依据本发明一实施例，一种生物可分解的两液型发泡组合物包含主溶液与副溶液。主溶液包含5～50％重量比的聚乳酸粉末、45～90％重量比的聚己内酯多元醇与1～5％重量比的发泡剂混合而成。副溶液包含多元醇与异氰酸酯，异氰酸酯的氰酸盐官能基与多元醇的羟基比值为1.01～2.1，以产生氰酸盐基过量的醇类预聚物。上述主溶液与副溶液以体积比1∶1～10∶1混合后进行发泡反应。
依据本发明另一实施例，一种生物可分解的发泡体，是由上述的生物可分解的两液型发泡组合物经发泡反应而成。
应用本发明的生物可分解的两液型发泡组合物，将主溶液与副溶液分别配制，两者于混合搅拌进行发泡反应之前，都可稳定于室温下保存。此外，分别配制的主溶液与副溶液中的各成分也可先行混合均匀，以避免各成分间因性质不同而产生混合不均的情形。
具体实施方式
本发明的一实施方式中提出一种生物可分解的两液型发泡组合物，包含主溶液与副溶液，需将主溶液与副溶液混合后，发泡反应才会进行。
上述主溶液包含聚乳酸粉末、聚己内酯多元醇与发泡剂。聚乳酸与聚己内酯都为生物可分解性聚合物，作为发泡反应中的主要反应物。主溶液中聚乳酸粉末含量为5～50％重量比。
上述主溶液中的聚己内酯多元醇的分子量为900。在一实施例中，聚己内酯多元醇与丙三醇混合后，再与聚乳酸粉末、发泡剂混合成主溶液。主溶液中聚己内酯多元醇含量为45～90％重量比。
发泡剂用以帮助聚乳酸与聚己内酯多元醇进行发泡反应，发泡剂的添加量决定后续生物可分解的两液型发泡组合物的发泡程度。发泡剂含量越多则发泡形成的泡沫孔径越大。在一实施方式中，直接使用聚乳酸溶液作为发泡剂。然而由于聚乳酸本身亲水性不好，因此使用强制乳化法使聚乳酸得以分散于水溶液中。作为发泡剂的聚乳酸溶液为聚乳酸、乳化剂与有效量的水调配而成，以乳化剂帮助增加聚乳酸的亲水值。主溶液中发泡剂含量为1～5％重量比。
前述副溶液中包含多元醇与异氰酸酯，异氰酸酯的氰酸盐官能基与多元醇的羟基比值为1.01～2.1，两者反应后生成氰酸盐官能基过量的醇类预聚物。多元醇如聚己内酯多元醇或乙二醇。在一实施方式中，使用于形成醇类预聚物的聚己内酯多元醇分子量为2000～3000。
异氰酸酯的氰酸盐官能基(-NCO)具有将羟基(-OH)群、羧基(-COOH)群或胺基(-NH)群转换及链延长反应的功能。因此，在一实施方式中，利用异氰酸酯的氰酸盐官能基对多元醇的羟基进行盐基转换与链延长反应，以形成醇类预聚物。异氰酸酯例如甲苯二异氰酸酯(Tolylene diisocyanate，TDI)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(Isophorone diisocyanat，IPDI)、二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯(Diphenylmethane-4，4’-diisocyanate，MDI)、联苯醚二异氰酸酯(BODI)、六次甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、甲基环己烷二异氰酸酯(HTDI)或二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯(HMDI)。
副溶液中游离的氰酸盐官能基为3％～29％。副溶液与主溶液混合以进行发泡反应时，两者的比例应视醇类预聚物中游离氰酸盐官能基的含量为主。根据本发明的一实施方式，主溶液与副溶液以体积比1∶1～10∶1混合后，进行发泡反应。
根据本发明的一实施方式，主溶液中也可包含0.1～0.3％重量比的泡沫稳定剂。当主溶液中的泡沫稳定剂越多时，发泡所产生的泡沫密度越高。泡沫稳定剂例如硅油。
又，生物可分解的两液型发泡组合物中可包含填充剂。加入填充剂可以提高生物可分解的两液型发泡组合物进行发泡反应后，所生成的发泡体的强度和耐热性能。填充剂为二氧化硅、云母粉、碳酸钙、木质粉或中空玻璃粉。
本发明的另一实施方式为提出一种生物可分解的发泡体，由前述生物可分解的两液型组合物经由发泡反应而成。其中，生物可分解的两液型组合物的主溶液与副溶液混合后，以转速为3600～15000rpm的高速搅拌机混合。待搅拌均匀后，倒入模具中，经60～90℃烘箱干燥熟成及成型，即可产生聚乳酸与聚己内酯共构的发泡体。
上述的生物可分解发泡体适用于后续各种发泡产品的制作。仅需将生物可分解的两液型组合物倒入所需模具中，即可依模具形状制造各种不同的产品。例如：沙发椅垫、鞋材等。
由上述本发明的实施方式可知，生物可分解的两液型组合物于混合前，主溶液与醇类预聚物在常温下都为液体，易于保存，且必须将两者混合后才会进行发泡反应。此外，利用两液型组合物，各成分也可先行混合均匀，以避免各成分间因性质不同而产生混合不均的情形。换句话说，主溶液中的各成分于发泡反应前即已先行混合，而副溶液中的多元醇与异氰酸酯也可先行反应生成醇类预聚物，两溶液的反应于发泡反应前不会互相干扰。
虽然本发明已以实施方式公开如上，然其并非用以限定本发明，任何熟悉此技术的人员，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，当可作各种地更动与润饰，因此本发明的保护范围当视后附的权利要求书所界定的范围为准。
Claims (12)
1.一种生物可分解的两液型发泡组合物，至少包含一主溶液，其包含5～50％重量比的聚乳酸粉末、45～90％重量比的聚己内酯多元醇与1～5％重量比的发泡剂混合而成；以及一副溶液，包含一多元醇与一异氰酸酯反应所形成的产物，该异氰酸酯的氰酸盐官能基与该多元醇的羟基比值为1.01～2.1，以反应生成氰酸盐官能基过量的醇类预聚物；该主溶液与该副溶液以体积比1∶1～10∶1混合后进行发泡反应。
2.根据权利要求1所述的生物可分解的两液型发泡组合物，其中该主溶液中的聚己内酯多元醇的分子量为900。
3.根据权利要求1所述的生物可分解的两液型发泡组合物，其中该主溶液中的发泡剂为一聚乳酸溶液，该聚乳酸溶液包含一聚乳酸、一乳化剂以及有效量的水，该乳化剂帮助增加该聚乳酸的亲水值。
4.根据权利要求1所述的生物可分解的两液型发泡组合物，其中该副溶液中游离的氰酸盐官能基为3％～29％。
5.根据权利要求1所述的生物可分解的两液型发泡组合物，其中该多元醇为聚己内酯多元醇或乙二醇。
6.根据权利要求5所述的生物可分解的两液型发泡组合物，其中当该多元醇为聚己内酯多元醇时，该聚己内酯多元醇的分子量为2000～3000。
7.根据权利要求1所述的生物可分解的两液型发泡组合物，其中该异氰酸酯为二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、联苯醚二异氰酸酯、六次甲基二异氰酸酯、甲基环己烷二异氰酸酯或二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯。
8.根据权利要求1所述的生物可分解的两液型发泡组合物，其中该主溶液中包含0.1～0.3％重量比的泡沫稳定剂。
9.根据权利要求8所述的生物可分解的两液型发泡组合物，其中该泡沫稳定剂为硅油。
10.根据权利要求1所述的生物可分解的两液型发泡组合物，更包含一填充剂。
11.根据权利要求10所述的生物可分解的两液型发泡组合物，其中该填充剂为二氧化硅、云母粉、碳酸钙、木质粉或中空玻璃粉。
12.一种生物可分解的发泡体，是由根据权利要求1所述的生物可分解的两液型发泡组合物经发泡反应而成。
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| PCT/CN2010/000324 WO2010108383A1 (zh) | 2009-03-23 | 2010-03-17 | 生物可分解的两液型发泡组合物 |
| US13/259,153 US20120010311A1 (en) | 2009-03-23 | 2010-03-17 | Biodegradable two-liquid type foaming composition |
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| CN1544514A (zh) * | 2003-11-17 | 2004-11-10 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | 含扩链剂可生物降解的聚乳酸泡沫塑料及其制备方法 |
| JP3871822B2 (ja) * | 1998-12-09 | 2007-01-24 | 株式会社カネカ | 生分解性を有する発泡性樹脂組成物 |
| CN1950098A (zh) * | 2004-03-24 | 2007-04-18 | 联邦科学和工业研究组织 | 生物可降解聚氨酯和聚氨酯脲 |
| CN101130600A (zh) * | 2007-08-23 | 2008-02-27 | 复旦大学 | 一种含有聚乳酸链段的可降解泡沫塑料及其制备方法 |
| CN101362833A (zh) * | 2008-09-25 | 2009-02-11 | 上海交通大学 | 聚乳酸发泡材料的制备方法 |
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| EP0984039A4 (en) * | 1998-03-12 | 2002-01-02 | Daicel Chem | RESIN COMPOSITION CONTAINING LACTON THEREOF MOLDED OBJECT AND FILM |
| EP1377647B1 (en) * | 2001-04-01 | 2010-10-20 | Dow Global Technologies Inc. | Rigid polyurethane foams |
| WO2004065450A2 (en) * | 2003-01-16 | 2004-08-05 | Carnegie Mellon University | Biodegradable polyurethanes and use thereof |
| US8318820B2 (en) * | 2004-11-05 | 2012-11-27 | Carnegie Mellon University | Degradable polyurethane foams |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3871822B2 (ja) * | 1998-12-09 | 2007-01-24 | 株式会社カネカ | 生分解性を有する発泡性樹脂組成物 |
| CN1283653A (zh) * | 1999-08-05 | 2001-02-14 | 三井化学株式会社 | 双组分型聚氨酯组合物及其制备方法 |
| CN1544514A (zh) * | 2003-11-17 | 2004-11-10 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | 含扩链剂可生物降解的聚乳酸泡沫塑料及其制备方法 |
| CN1950098A (zh) * | 2004-03-24 | 2007-04-18 | 联邦科学和工业研究组织 | 生物可降解聚氨酯和聚氨酯脲 |
| CN101130600A (zh) * | 2007-08-23 | 2008-02-27 | 复旦大学 | 一种含有聚乳酸链段的可降解泡沫塑料及其制备方法 |
| CN101362833A (zh) * | 2008-09-25 | 2009-02-11 | 上海交通大学 | 聚乳酸发泡材料的制备方法 |
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| CN101845207A (zh) | 2010-09-29 |
| WO2010108383A1 (zh) | 2010-09-30 |
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