CN101835774B - 共晶体和包含该共晶体的药物组合物 - Google Patents
共晶体和包含该共晶体的药物组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101835774B CN101835774B CN200880113354.XA CN200880113354A CN101835774B CN 101835774 B CN101835774 B CN 101835774B CN 200880113354 A CN200880113354 A CN 200880113354A CN 101835774 B CN101835774 B CN 101835774B
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- A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
- A61P1/16—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for liver or gallbladder disorders, e.g. hepatoprotective agents, cholagogues, litholytics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
本发明涉及各自包含VX-950和共晶体形成物的共晶体和组合物,所述共晶体形成物选自3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯甲酸、2,4-二羟基苯甲酸和2,5-二羟基苯甲酸。制备和使用该共晶体和组合物的方法也在本发明的范围内。
Description
交叉援引
本申请要求2007年8月30日提交的美国申请No.60/969,023的优先权,其内容整体通过援引引入本文。
发明背景
丙型肝炎病毒(“HCV”)是引人注目的人类医学问题。HCV被认为是大多数非甲型非乙型肝炎的致病因素,估计全球人类患病率为3%[A.Alberti等,“Natural History of Hepatitis C,”J.Hepatology,31(Suppl.1),第17-24页(1999)]。仅在美国就有近四百万个体被感染[M.J.Alter等,“The Epidemiology of Viral Hepatitis in the UnitedStates”,Gastroenterol.Clin.North Am.,23,第437-455页(1994);M.J.Alter“Hepatitis C Virus Infection in the United States,”J.Hepatology,31(Suppl.1),第88-91页(1999)]。
在首次暴露于HCV后,仅有大约20%的被感染个体发展急性临床肝炎,而其他人似乎自发地消除感染。然而在几乎70%的情况中,病毒建立起持续数十年的慢性感染[S.Iwarson,“The Natural Course ofChronic Hepatitis,”FEMS Microbiology Reviews,14,第201-204页(1994);D.Lavanchy,“Global Surveillance and Control of Hepatitis C,”J.Viral Hepatitis,6,第35-47页(1999)]。这通常导致复发性和进行性恶化的肝部炎症,经常导致更加严重的疾病状态,例如肝硬化和肝细胞癌[M.C.Kew,“Hepatitis C and Hepatocellular Carcinoma”,FEMSMicrobiology Reviews,14,第211-220页(1994);I.Saito等,“Hepatitis CVirus Infection is Associated with the Development of HepatocellularCarcinoma,”Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,87,第6547-6549页(1990)]。不幸的是,对于削弱慢性HCV进展还没有广泛有效的治疗方法。
HCV基因组编码3010-3033氨基酸的多聚蛋白[Q.L.Choo,等,“Genetic Organization and Diversity of the Hepatitis C Virus,”Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,88,第2451-2455页(1991);N.Kato等,“MolecularCloning of the Human Hepatitis C Virus Genome From Japanese Patientswith Non-A,Non-B Hepatitis,”Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,87,第9524-9528页(1990);A.Takamizawa等,“Structure and Organization ofthe Hepatitis C Virus Genome Isolated From Human carriers,”J.Virol.,65,第1105-1113页(1991)]。推测HCV非结构(NS)蛋白为病毒复制提供必需的催化机制。NS蛋白来源于多聚蛋白的蛋白水解性裂解[R.Bartenschlager等,“Nonstructural Protein 3 of the Hepatitis C VirusEncodes a Serine-Type Proteinase Required for Cleavage at the NS3/4and NS4/5Junctions,”J.Virol.,67,第3835-3844页(1993);A.Grakoui等,“Characterization of the Hepatitis C Virus-Encoded Serine Proteinase:Determination of Proteinase-Dependent Polyprotein Cleavage Sites,”J.Virol.,67,第2832-2843页(1993);A.Grakoui等,“Expression andIdentification of Hepatitis C Virus Polyprotein Cleavage Products,”J.Virol.,67,第1385-1395页(1993);L.Tomei等,“NS3 is a serine proteaserequired for processing of hepatitis C virus polyprotein”,J.Virol.,67,第4017-4026页(1993)]。
HCV NS蛋白3(NS3)对病毒复制和感染性是必需的[Kolykhalov,J.Virology,Volume 74,第2046-2051页2000“Mutations at the HCV NS3Serine Protease Catalytic Triad abolish infectivity of HCV RNA inChimpanzees]。已知黄热病病毒NS3蛋白酶的突变降低病毒的感染性[Chambers,T.J.等,“Evidence that the N-terminal Domain ofNonstructural Protein NS3 From Yellow Fever Virus is a Serine ProteaseResponsible for Site-Specific Cleavages in the Viral Polyprotein”,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.USA,87,第8898-8902页(1990)]。已经证实NS3的前181个氨基酸(病毒多聚蛋白的第1027-1207个残基)含有加工HCV多聚蛋白全部4个下游位点的NS3的丝氨酸蛋白酶结构域[C.Lin等,“Hepatitis C Virus NS3 Serine Proteinase:Trans-Cleavage Requirementsand Processing Kinetics”,J.Virol.,68,第8147-8157页(1994)]。
HCV NS3丝氨酸蛋白酶及其相关辅助因子NS4A有助于加工全部的病毒酶,因此被认为是病毒复制所必需的。这种加工似乎类似于由人免疫缺陷病毒天冬氨酰蛋白酶进行的加工,后者也参与病毒酶的加工。抑制病毒蛋白加工的HIV蛋白酶抑制剂是有效的人抗病毒剂,表明干扰病毒生命周期的这一阶段可以获得治疗活性剂。因此,HCVNS3丝氨酸蛋白酶也是有吸引力的药物开发的目标。
直到最近,唯一确立的HCV疾病治疗是干扰素治疗。然而,干扰素具有显著的副作用[M.A.Wlaker等,“Hepatitis C Virus:AnOverview of Current Approaches and Progress,”DDT,4,第518-29页(1999);D.Moradpour等,“Current and Evolving Therapies for HepatitisC,”Eur.J.Gastroenterol.Hepatol.,11,第1199-1202页(1999);H.L.A.Janssen等,“Suicide Associated with Alfa-Interferon Therapy for ChronicViral Hepatitis,”J.Hepatol.,21,第241-243页(1994);P.F.Renault等,“Side Effects of Alpha Interferon,”Seminars in Liver Disease,9,第273-277页(1989)]并且仅在一部分(~25%)病例中诱导长期的缓解作用[O.Weiland,“Interferon Therapy in Chronic Hepatitis C VirusInfection”,FEMS Microbiol.Rev.,14,第279-288第(1994)]。PEG形式的干扰素(和)和病毒唑与干扰素的联合治疗的最近的介绍仅导致缓解率的中度改善和副作用的部分降低。另外,有效的抗-HCV疫苗的前景仍然是不确定的。
因此,需要更有效的抗-HCV治疗。这类抑制剂作为蛋白酶抑制剂,特别是作为丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂,更特别是作为HCV NS3蛋白酶抑制剂,将具有治疗潜力。具体而言,这类化合物可以用作抗病毒剂,特别是用作抗-HCV剂。
结构如下所示的HCV抑制剂VX-950是所需的这类化合物。VX-950描述于PCT公开号WO02/18369中,其整体通过援引引入本文。
发明概述
一般而言,本发明涉及包含HCV抑制剂VX-950和共晶体形成物的共晶体(co-crystal),以及包含VX-950共晶体的组合物。共晶体形成物可以是药理学惰性的赋形剂,其通过形成共晶体、包合物或其它结晶固体形式改变固体药物的晶型。它在本文所用的“共形式(co-form)”的含义内。在某些情况下,VX-950和共晶体形成物一起可以形成多组分单相结晶固体或组合物,即共晶体。与其游离形式相比,特定的VX-950共晶体是有利的,因为它们可能具有比无定形VX-950分散体改善的溶解度、更高的水溶性或更高的固态物理稳定性。特定的VX-950共晶体提供降低的剂型质量从而降低了服药负担,因为相对于无定形形式,VX-950共晶体还显示更高的堆积密度。此外,相对于需要喷雾干燥、熔融挤出、冻干或沉淀的无定形形式,VX-950共晶体提供了制造上的优势。
一方面,本发明提供的VX-950共晶体包含VX-950和作为共晶体形成物化合物的2,4-二羟基苯甲酸。在某些实施方案中,共晶体中VX-950和2,4-二羟基苯甲酸的摩尔比范围为大约5∶1至大约1∶5(例如,大约1∶1)。在某些实施方案中,共晶体具有在大约7.6、8.5、9.6和11.9度2-θ处的四个X-射线粉末衍射峰中的至少两个,各自具有大约+/-0.3°2-θ的标准差。在某些实施方案中,共晶体在其DSC差示热分析图中在大约150.81℃具有峰,标准差为大约+/-5℃。
另一方面,本发明提供的VX-950共晶体包含VX-950和作为共晶体形成物化合物的2,5-二羟基苯甲酸。在某些实施方案中,共晶体中VX-950和2,5-二羟基苯甲酸的摩尔比范围为大约5∶1至大约1∶5(例如,大约1∶1)。在某些实施方案中,共晶体各自具有在大约8.3、9.6、11.7和17.1度2-θ处的四个X-射线粉末衍射峰中的至少两个,各自具有大约+/-0.3度2-θ(即,°2-θ)的标准差。在某些其它实施方案中,共晶体在其DSC差示热分析图中在大约163.48℃具有峰,标准差为大约+/-5℃。
另一方面,本发明提供包含VX-950和作为共晶体形成物化合物的3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯甲酸的共晶体。在某些实施方案中,共晶体中VX-950和3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯甲酸的摩尔比范围为大约5∶1至大约1∶5(例如,大约1∶1)。在某些实施方案中,共晶体各自具有在大约7.8、8.6、11.4和11.9度2-θ处的四个X-射线粉末衍射峰中的至少两个,各自具有大约+/-0.3度2-θ的标准差。在某些实施方案中,共晶体各自在其DSC差示热分析图中在大约178.09℃具有峰,标准差为大约+/-5℃。
另一方面,本发明提供各自包含VX-950、共晶体形成物和溶剂的组合物,所述共晶体形成物选自2,4-二羟基苯甲酸、2,5-二羟基苯甲酸和3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯甲酸;所述溶剂选自乙腈、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、乙醇、丙酮或其混合物。在某些实施方案中,VX-950、共晶体形成物和溶剂一起可以形成晶体形式(即,形成共晶体)。由于溶剂的存在,共晶体可能是溶剂化物。在某些其它实施方案中,溶剂是乙腈和二氯甲烷的混合物(例如,大约1∶1的体积比)。在某些实施方案中,VX-950和4-氨基水杨酸的摩尔比范围为大约5∶1至大约1∶5(例如,大约1∶1)。在某些实施方案中,VX-950和溶剂的摩尔比范围为大约1∶0.05至大约1∶1(例如,大约1∶0.34或大约1∶0.5)。
这些组合物可以用于治疗涉及或与HCV相关的疾病等。因此,各自包含合适摩尔比例的VX-950和上文鉴定的共晶体形成物的药物组合物也在本发明的范围内。药物组合物可以任选包含溶剂(例如,乙腈、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、乙醇或丙酮)以形成溶剂化物。此外,药物组合物还可以包含药学可接受的稀释剂、溶剂、赋形剂、载体或增溶剂。
制备上文所述的共晶体的方法也在本发明的范围内。该方法可以包括步骤:(a)提供VX-950,(b)提供选自2,4-二羟基苯甲酸、2,5-二羟基苯甲酸和3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯甲酸的共晶体形成物(任选处于溶剂中,例如,乙醇、乙腈、二氯甲烷或其混合物,以便形成溶剂化物),(c)在结晶条件下将VX-950与共晶体形成物研磨、加热、共升华、共熔或在溶液中接触以形成固相共晶体,和(d)任选分离步骤(c)形成的共晶体。
调节上文所述的共晶体的感兴趣的化学或物理性质的方法也在本发明的范围内。该方法可以包括步骤:(a)测量VX-950和共晶体形成物的感兴趣的化学或物理性质,所述共晶体形成物选自2,4-二羟基苯甲酸、2,5-二羟基苯甲酸和3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯甲酸,(b)测定VX-950和共晶体形成物的摩尔分数,该摩尔分数会导致感兴趣的化学或物理性质的所需的调节,和(c)使用步骤(b)中测定的摩尔分数制备共晶体。
本发明的组合物和共晶体可以用于治疗涉及或与HCV相关的疾病。因此,治疗这类疾病的方法也在本发明的范围内,其包括给予需要其的受试者治疗有效量的本发明的共晶体或本发明的组合物。
本发明的组合物和共晶体还可以用作种子来制备其它包含活性成分和共晶体形成物的共晶体,活性成分可以与VX-950相同或不同,共晶体形成物可以与由2,4-二羟基苯甲酸、2,5-二羟基苯甲酸和3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯甲酸组成的组相同或不同。例如,可将少量的本发明的共晶体置于含有所需活性成分和共晶体形成物的溶液中,静置混合物,以便与已有的共晶体形成其它共晶体以及由已有的共晶体生长出其它共晶体。
此外,本发明的组合物和共晶体可以用作研究工具。例如,它们可以用于研究不同形式和条件下的VX-950的药理学性质(例如生物利用度、代谢和功效),或者研发用于最好的递送和吸收的不同VX-950制剂。
附图简述
图1显示VX-950和2,5-二羟基苯甲酸的共晶体的XRPD。
图2显示VX-950和2,5-二羟基苯甲酸的共晶体的TGA谱图。
图3显示VX-950和2,5-二羟基苯甲酸的共晶体的DSC谱图。
图4显示VX-950和3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯甲酸的共晶体的XRPD。
图5显示VX-950和3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯甲酸的共晶体的TGA谱图。
图6显示VX-950和3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯甲酸的共晶体的DSC谱图。
图7显示VX-950和2,4-二羟基苯甲酸的共晶体的XRPD。
图8显示VX-950和2,4-二羟基苯甲酸的共晶体的TGA谱图。
图9显示VX-950和2,4-二羟基苯甲酸的共晶体的DSC谱图。
发明详述
制备和表征共晶体的方法详细记载于文献中。参见,例如,Trask等,Chem.Commun.,2004,890-891;以及O.Almarsson和M.J.Zaworotko,Chem.Commun.,2004,1889-1896。一般而言这些方法也适合制备和表征本发明的共晶体。
此外,下列具体方法可以用于鉴定适合制备共晶体,特别是本发明的共晶体的共晶体形成物。
可能的VX-950共晶体形成物的初期鉴定或筛选可以在96孔板中以数毫克的规模进行。XRPD结果与已知的结晶VX-950衍射图的视觉比较可以用作新晶型和/或改变的晶格尺寸的筛选,新晶型和/或改变的晶格尺寸能够表明共晶体形成物掺入到晶体中。通过这种初期筛选已经鉴定草酸、4-氨基水杨酸和水杨酸等为用于与VX-950形成共晶体的可能的候选物。
初期筛选的结果可以用于建立鉴定其它VX-950共晶体形成物的模型。例如,由于更好的物理和化学性质,4-氨基水杨酸可以用作通过分子建模鉴定其它可能的VX-950共晶体形成物的先导分子。具体而言,4-ASA的模型可以使用Quanta软件包(Accelrys Inc.,San Diego,CA)建立并且与通过单晶x-射线衍射得到的单分子VX-950的结构复合。4-ASA分子可以手动置于VX-950周围不同的位置以形成两个分子间最大数目的氢键。4-ASA分子的位置配合物是能量最小化的,而VX-950分子是保持固定的。Quanta提供的adopted-basisNewton-Raphson方法使用默认设置和距离依赖性电介质可以用于能量最小化。AutoNom软件(MDL Information Systems,GmbH)可以用于将FDA’s EAFUS(添加到食物中的一切东西,US)和GRAS(一般被视为安全的)列表中的化合物的名称转变为SMILES格式的2D结构来生成结构数据库。随后可以检索该数据库寻找新的适合使用4-ASA鉴定的药效基团的共晶体形成物。可接受的药效基团具有与VX-950和4-ASA的药效基团相似的局部能量最低。
DSC也可以用于筛选共晶体形成物。在通过DSC的筛选中,在DSC期间显示固相相互作用迹象(即,低共熔物(eutectic melt)的形成)的共晶体形成物与VX-950的物理混合物更可能形成共晶体。为了检测VX-950和共晶体形成物之间的相互作用,组分可以以1∶1的摩尔比例混合并进行DSC温度斜坡法,以10℃的增量由室温升至例如300℃。选择显示新的热事件(即,吸热)的混合物,该热事件在温度上不同于纯组分的吸热。除了原有组分之一的热转化,当观察到新的热转化时,随后可以调整VX-950和共晶体形成物之间的摩尔比以便仅产生新的热转化。观察到的转化温度可以作为组合物的函数进行绘图以生成二元混合物的相图。随后可以按比例放大在DSC上产生新的热转化的VX-950和共晶体形成物的组合物以便如上所述生产更大的量(例如,克)。
可以大量(即,按比例放大)生产具有新的热转化的VX-950和共晶体形成物的混合物,例如通过使用球磨法、溶剂-蒸发法、与和不与溶剂熔融、浆转化、混合、升华或建模。下文详细描述了这样的一些方法。可以通过已知的方法例如XRPD、TGA和DSC分析或表征这样制备的产品,还可以通过本领域已知的方法测量它们在水性介质中的溶解度和稳定性。
球磨:将等摩尔量的VX-950和共晶体形成物与合适的溶剂混合。然后使用例如Retsch MM200(GlenMills Inc.,Clifton,NJ)的球磨装置在15Hz的频率下研磨混合物3小时。然后将混合物置于由烧结刚玉制成的研磨室中。研磨后,将材料置于螺旋盖闪烁管形瓶(未加盖)中并在室温下真空干燥。进行XRPD和DSC分析表征得到的混合物。
在反应块中熔融:将等摩尔量的VX-950和共晶体形成物混合,有或没有溶剂。然后将混合物置于反应块中,例如Radleys DiscoveryTechnologies(Essex,UK)的Model RR98072,关上盖子,加热到通过DSC鉴定的新的热转化的温度。然后在打开反应块前在转化温度下保持混合物一段时间,在环境条件下冷却得到的混合物。
溶剂蒸发:将VX-950和可能的共晶体形成物分别溶解于挥发性溶剂或溶剂混合物中(例如,50∶50的甲苯∶乙腈)。可以通过搅拌和超声辅助溶解直至得到澄清溶液。然后在螺旋盖闪烁管形瓶中以需要的摩尔比例将VX-950溶液与共晶体形成物溶液混合。将未加盖的管形瓶置于减压下使溶剂蒸干,通常需要数天。得到并分析固体(结晶)材料。
如上所述,可以通过本领域已知的表征固体或结晶材料的方法分析本发明的共晶体。表征方法的实例包括热重量分析(TGA)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)、X-射线粉末衍射(XRPD)、溶解度分析、动态蒸气吸附、红外废气分析和悬浮稳定性。TGA可以用于研究共晶体样品中残留溶剂的存在,以及鉴定各种共晶体样品发生分解的温度。DSC可以用于发现共晶体样品中发生的作为温度的函数的热转化和测定各种共晶体样品的熔点。XRPD可以用于共晶体的结构表征。可以进行溶解度分析来反映各种共晶体样品物理状态中的变化。悬浮稳定性分析可以用于测定共晶体样品在溶剂中的化学稳定性。非常详尽描述了这样的一些方法。
X-射线粉末衍射(XRPD):XRPD可以通过记录材料的原始图谱和监测图谱随时间的变化用于表征材料的物理形式。可以在室温下以反射模式获得XRPD图谱,例如,通过使用装有密封管源和Hi-Star区域检测器的Bruker D8 Discover衍射仪(Bruker AXS,Madison,WI,USA)。可以运行铜靶X-射线管(Siemens),例如在40kV和35mA下。Bruker提供的石墨单色器和0.5mm准直仪可以用于产生平行单色光束(CuKa,)。样品和检测器间的距离大约为30cm。可以将样品置于Si零背景的晶片(例如,来自The Gem Dugout,State College,PA)上,然后将其放置于XYZ平台中心。可以使用用于Windows NT的GADDS软件获取数据,版本4.1.16(Bruker AXS,Madison,WI,USA)。记录两帧,每帧各自在2个不同2θ角度8°和26°2-θ的照射时间为120秒。在照射期间样品在X和Y方向上振动,振幅为1mm。随后在3°至41°2-θ的范围内积分数据,步长为0.02°2-θ,合并形成一个连续的图谱。使用刚玉板(NIST标准1976)校正仪器。
差示扫描量热法(DSC):DSC可以用于检测样品中发生的作为温度的函数的热转化和测定结晶材料的熔点。进行DSC分析,例如,使用铟校正的MDSC Q100差示扫描量热仪(TA Instruments,NewCastle,DE)。样品可以制备于用单个针孔压边的铝盘中,样品量为例如大约2mg。每次运行初始平衡至25℃,随后以10℃/分钟的斜率升至300℃。VX-950在熔融下降解,降解开始于大约240℃。数据可以通过Thermal Advantage Q SeriesrTM软件进行收集并通过Universal分析软件(TA Instruments,New Castle,DE)进行分析。
热重量分析(TGA):TGA可以用于研究样品中残留溶剂的存在,以及鉴定样品发生分解的温度。例如,Model Q500热重分析仪(TAInstruments,New Castle,DE)可以用于TGA测量。样品可以重约3-8mg,并以大约10℃/分钟的速率加热至最终温度,例如300℃。数据可以通过例如Thermal Advantage Q SeriesTM软件进行收集并通过Universal分析软件(TA Instruments,New Castle,DE)进行分析。
傅立叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱分析:FT-IR可以用于研究不同摩尔比例的VX-950和共晶体形成物的混合物中的氢键合。例如,可以使用Nexus 670光谱仪(Thermo Electron Corp.;Madison,WI)从4000-625cm-1由KBr粒获得红外透射光谱。
溶解度测定:溶解度可以以VX-950等价物表示。可以测量溶解度以反映材料物理状态的变化,和监测向提高VX-950溶解度的目标的进展。具体而言,将等分的材料置于水性介质中,目标溶解度为10mg/mL。在规定的时间点,取出等分的上清液,通过0.45微米过滤器过滤(例如,Millex;Millipore,Billerica,MA)并使用HPLC(例如,Agilent 1100;Palo Alto,CA)分析。样品可以使用检测器,例如设定在270nm和1mL/min的流速在苯基柱150mmx4.6mm,3.5μm粒径(P/N 186001144)(Waters Corp.,Milford,MA)上等度运行。流动相包含60∶40(v/v)比例的磷酸钾缓冲液(10mM,pH=7.0)和甲醇。可以通过将色谱峰面积与使用已知浓度的标准品生成的标准曲线进行比较测定VX-950的浓度。
高温载物台(hotstage)显微镜法:可以获取显微镜图像,例如,使用具有极化胶片、SLMPlan 50x无限校正物镜、C-5050数码相机、具有可变温度控制器的Instec高温载物台的Olympus BX51共聚焦显微镜。实验过程由不同温度步骤间线性加热斜坡组成,其中允许样品平衡数分钟。在整个斜坡期间手动收集数码图像以捕获发生的任何转化。
有效量的本发明的共晶体或组合物,各自包含VX-950和共晶体形成物(例如,4-羟基苯甲酸、4-氨基水杨酸(和乙腈)、苯丙氨酸、苏氨酸、己二酸、乙酸丁二酯、果仁糖、4-羟基苯甲酸甲酯、邻氨基苯甲酸、d-生物素或酒石酸),可以用于治疗涉及或与HCV相关的疾病。有效量是赋予受治疗的受试者例如患者治疗作用所需的量。VX-950和共晶体形成物的共晶体的有效量为大约0.1mg/kg至大约150mg/kg(例如,大约1mg/kg至大约60mg/kg)。本领域技术人员知晓,有效剂量也会因给药途径、赋形剂的使用和与其它治疗性处理共同使用的可能性而不同,所述其它治疗性处理包括使用其它治疗剂和/或治疗法。
本发明的共晶体或药物组合物可以通过任何允许化合物VX-950递送的方法施用于需要其的受试者(例如,细胞、组织或患者(包括动物或人类)),例如口服、静脉内或胃肠外。例如,它们可以通过丸剂、片剂、胶囊、气雾剂、栓剂、用于摄入或注射或用作滴眼液或滴耳剂的液体制剂、饮食补充剂和局部制剂施用。
药物组合物可以包含稀释剂、溶剂、赋形剂和载体,例如水、林格溶液、等渗盐水、5%葡萄糖和等渗氯化钠溶液。在另一实施方案中,药物组合物可以进一步包含增溶剂,例如环糊精。合适的稀释剂、溶剂、赋形剂、载体和增溶剂的其它实例可以参见,例如,美国药典23/国家处方18,Rockville,MD,U.S.Pharmacopeial Convention,Inc.,(1995);Ansel HC,Popovich NG,Allen Jr LV.Pharmaceutical DosageForms and Drug Delivery Systems,Baltimore MD,Williams & Wilkins,(1995);Gennaro AR.,Remingtons:The Science and Practice of Pharmacy,Easton PA,Mack Publishing Co.,(1995);Wade,A.,Weller,P.J.,Handbook of Pharmaceutical excipients,第2版,Washington DC,American Pharmaceutical Association,(1994);Baner GS,Rhodes CT.Modern Pharmaceutics,第3版.,New York,Marcel Dekker,Inc.,(1995);Ranade VV,Hollinger MA,Drug Delivery Systems,Boca Raton,CRCPress,(1996)。
药物组合物还可以包括共晶体的等渗盐水、5%葡萄糖或其他熟知的药学可接受的赋形剂的水溶液。增溶剂例如环糊精,或其它本领域技术人员熟知的增溶剂可以用作递送治疗化合物VX-950的药物赋形剂。至于给药途径,共晶体或药物组合物可以口服、鼻内、经皮、皮内、阴道、耳内、眼内、向颊地、直肠、经粘膜,或者通过吸入或静脉给药方式施用。组合物可以通过气囊导管静脉递送。组合物可以施用于动物(例如,哺乳动物例如人类、非人灵长类动物、马、狗、牛、猪、绵羊、山羊、猫、小鼠、大鼠、豚鼠、兔子、仓鼠、沙鼠、雪貂、蜥蜴、爬行动物或鸟类)。
本发明的共晶体或药物组合物也可以通过使用可植入装置植入(例如外科手术)递送。可植入装置的实例包括,但不限于,支架、输送泵、血管滤器和可植入的控释组合物。任何可植入装置可以用于递送作为本发明共晶体或药物组合物中活性成分的化合物VX-950,条件为1)该装置、化合物VX-950和任何包含该化合物的药物组合物是生物相容的,和2)该装置可以递送或释放有效量的化合物来赋予受治疗的患者治疗作用。
治疗剂通过支架、输送泵(例如,微渗透泵)和其他可植入装置的递送是本领域已知的。参见,例如,“Recent Developments in CoatedStents”,Hofma等,出版于Current Interventional Cardiology Reports,2001,3:28-36,其整体内容包括其中引用的参考文献引入本文。可植入装置例如支架的其它描述可以参见美国专利号6,569,195和6,322,847,和PCT国际公开号WO 2004/044405,WO 2004/018228,WO 2003/229390,WO 2003/228346,WO 2003/225450,WO 2003/216699,WO 03/0204168,WO 2008/098255A2,WO 2008/027872A2,WO 2008/027871 A2,WO 2007/140320 A2,WO 2006/124823 A2,WO 2007/128969A2,WO 2007/030478 A2,以及WO 2005/120393 A2,其(以及本文引用的其他出版物)各自整体引入本文。
制备和表征本发明共晶体的实例描述如下,其仅是用于说明而不以任何方式构成限制。
实施例1.通过球磨法制备
将VX-950和等摩尔当量的共晶体形成物(例如,2,4-二羟基苯甲酸或3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯甲酸)与溶剂(例如,丁酮或乙酸乙酯)混合。然后可以使用Wig-L-Bug仪器,例如Retsch MM200(GlenMills Inc,Clifton,NJ)以15Hz的频率研磨组分10分钟。研磨后,干燥原料,例如在75℃的真空干燥箱中2小时,得到本发明的共晶体。
实施例2.通过熔融法制备
将VX-950和等摩尔当量的共晶体形成物(例如,2,4-二羟基苯甲酸或3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯甲酸)混合,例如通过涡旋5分钟,有或没有溶剂。然后将混合物置于反应块(例如Radley Discovery Technologies的RR 98072)中,关上盖子并加热到吸热。在吸热温度下保持混合物30分钟,然后打开盖子在环境条件下冷却得到的混合物,除去溶剂(如果使用)得到本发明的共晶体。
实施例3.通过溶剂-蒸发法制备
2,4-二羟基苯甲酸:将200mg VX-950和80mg 2,4-二羟基苯甲酸(Sigma Chemicals Co.,St.Louis,MO,USA)装入20mL的玻璃管形瓶中。然后向该管形瓶中加入100μL二氯甲烷和100μL乙腈。给包含该混合物的管形瓶加盖,在室温下使用磁力搅拌棒在600rpm下搅拌混合物16小时。分离结晶固体,通过滤纸除去其表面的液体,得到VX-950和2,4-二羟基苯甲酸的共晶体。
3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯甲酸:将200mg VX-950和80mg 3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯甲酸(Sigma Chemicals Co.,St.Louis,MO,USA)装入20mL的玻璃管形瓶中。然后向该管形瓶中加入100μL二氯甲烷和100μL乙腈。给包含该混合物的管形瓶加盖,在室温下使用磁力搅拌棒在600rpm下搅拌混合物72小时。分离结晶固体,通过滤纸除去其表面的液体,得到VX-950和3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯甲酸的共晶体。
2,5-二羟基苯甲酸:将200mg VX-950和80mg 2,5-二羟基苯甲酸(Sigma Chemicals Co.,St.Louis,MO,USA)装入20mL的玻璃管形瓶中。然后向该管形瓶中加入100μL二氯甲烷和100μL乙腈。给包含该混合物的管形瓶加盖,在室温下使用磁力搅拌棒在600rpm下搅拌混合物16小时。分离结晶固体,通过滤纸除去其表面的液体,得到VX-950和2,5-二羟基苯甲酸的共晶体。
实施例4:单晶衍射
在Bruker APEX II CCD衍射仪上在100K下使用CuKα辐射通过使用从母液中挑出并固定于玻璃纤维上的单晶进行共晶体的单晶衍射。晶体在氮气流系统中冷却至100K,在角ω轴周围拍摄振动照片。使用APEX软件索引、积分并度量(scale)数据。使用SHELX-TL软件包解析和细化结构。
实施例5.热重量分析(TGA)
使用Model Q500热重分析仪(TA Instruments,New Castle,DE,USA)进行每个样品的TGA分析,该热重分析仪使用其控制ThermalAdvantage Q SeriesTM软件,版本2.2.0.248,Thermal Advantage Release4.2.1(TA Instruments-Water LLC),具有下列组件:QAdv.exe版本2.2build 248.0;RhDII.dII版本2.2 build 248.0;RhBase.dII版本2.2build 248.0;RhComm.dII版本2.2 build 248.0;TaLicense.dII版本2.2 build 248.0;和TGA.dII版本2.2 build 248.0。另外,所用的分析软件为用于Windows 2000/XP的Universal Analysis 2000软件,版本4.1 D build 4.1.0.16(TA Instruments)。
对于所有试验,进行TGA的基本步骤包括将等分的(大约3-8mg)样品转移至铂制样品盘(盘:部件编号952018.906,TA Instruments)中。将盘置于装载平台上,然后使用控制软件自动装入Q500热重分析仪中。通过分别在干燥的氮气流(压缩氮气,4.8级(BOC Gases,Murray Hill,NJ,USA)中在温度范围内(通常从室温至400℃)以10℃/分钟加热样品获得差示热分析图,样品清洗流速为90L/分钟,平衡清洗流速为10L/分钟。观察热转化(例如,重量改变)并使用仪器提供的分析软件进行分析。
如在图2中,VX-950和2,5-二羟基苯甲酸的共晶体(摩尔比为1)的TGA图谱大致显示了从大约210℃开始持续的重量损失。
如在图5中,VX-950和3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯甲酸的共晶体(摩尔比也为1)的TGA图谱显示从大约155℃开始持续的重量损失。
如在图8中,VX-950和2,4-二羟基苯甲酸的共晶体的TGA图谱显示从大约165℃开始持续的重量损失。
实施例6.差示扫描量热法(DSC)
使用MDSC Q100差示扫描量热仪(TA Instruments)进行DSC分析,该差示扫描量热仪使用其控制Thermal Advantage Q SeriesTM软件,版本2.2.0.248,Thermal Advantage Release 4.2.1,具有下列组件:QAdv.exe版本2.2 build 248.0;RhDII.dII版本2.2 build 248.0;RhBase.dII版本2.2 build 248.0;RhComm.dII版本2.2 build 248.0;TaLicense.dII版本2.2 build 248.0;和DSC.dII版本2.2 build 248.0。另外,所用的分析软件为用于Windows 2000/XP的Universal Analysis2000软件,版本4.1 D build 4.1.0.16(TA Instruments)。该仪器使用铟校正。
对于所有DSC分析,将等分的样品(大约2mg)称重于铝制样品盘中(盘:部件编号900786.901;盖:部件编号900779.901,TAInstruments)。通过用单个针孔压边将样品盘封闭,使其在30℃下平衡,然后装入装有自动采样器的Q100差示扫描量热仪中。通过分别在干燥的氮气流(压缩氮气,4.8级(BOC Gases,Murray Hill,NJ,USA)中在温度范围内(通常从室温至400℃)以50℃/分钟的速率加热每个样品获得差示热分析图,样品清洗流速为60L/分钟,平衡清洗流速为40L/分钟。用与制备具有样品的盘相同的方式制备的空铝盘用作参考。观察热转化并使用仪器提供的分析软件进行分析。
如在图3中,DSC差示热分析图显示VX-950和2,5-二羟基苯甲酸的共晶体(摩尔比为1∶1)在大约163.48℃熔融。
如在图6中,DSC差示热分析图显示VX-950和3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯甲酸的共晶体(摩尔比为1∶1)在大约178.09℃熔融。
如在图9中,DSC差示热分析图显示VX-950和2,4-二羟基苯甲酸的共晶体(摩尔比为1∶1)作为乙腈溶剂化物在大约150.81℃熔融。实施例7.X-射线粉末衍射(XRPD)
在室温下以反射模式通过使用装有密封管源和Hi-Star区域检测器(Bruker AXS,Madison,WI,USA)的Bruker D8 Discover衍射仪获得XRPD图谱。在40kV和35mA下运行铜靶X-射线管(Siemens)。使用Bruker提供的石墨单色器和0.5mm准直仪产生平行单色光束(CuKa,)。样品和检测器间的距离大约为30cm。将样品置于Si零背景晶片(The Gem Dugout,State College,PA)上,然后将其置于XYZ平台中心上。使用用于Windows NT的GADDS软件获取数据,版本4.1.16(Bruker AXS,Madison,WI,USA)。记录两帧,每帧各自在2个不同2θ角度8°和26°的照射时间为120秒。在照射期间样品在X和Y方向上振动,振幅为1mm。随后在3°至41°2-θ的范围内积分数据,步长为0.02°,合并形成一个连续的图谱。使用刚玉板(NIST standard1976)校正仪器。
如图1所示,VX-950和2,5-二羟基苯甲酸(摩尔比为1∶1)的共晶体的XRPD图谱在大约8.292,9.614,11.675,12.488,12.897,13.120,14.649,17.078,17.514,18.235,19.241,和20.323度2-θ处显示峰。
如图4所示,VX-950和3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯甲酸(摩尔比为1∶1)的共晶体的XRPD图谱在大约7.788,8.640,9.376,9.917,11.410,11.943,12.749,13.166,14.780,16.512,16.909,17.734,18.145,18.823,19.761,20.674,21.702,22.887,23.372,24.042,和24.863度2-θ处显示峰。
如图8所示,VX-950和2,4-二羟基苯甲酸(摩尔比为1∶1)的共晶体的XRPD图谱在大约7.581,8.532,9.622,11.859,12.920,14.815,17.291,17.827,18.905,和20.588度2-θ处显示峰。
实施例8.溶解度分析
将等分的本发明共晶体置于试管中,然后加入水性介质。在规定的时间点,取出等分的上清液,通过0.45PTFE微米过滤器过滤(Millex,LCR,Millipore)并进行高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析(Agilent 1100;PaloAlto,CA,USA)。该系统装有设定在25℃的自动采样器。对于样品处理,可以使用乙腈以1∶1的v/v比例稀释等分的共晶体。样品可以使用设定在270nm的检测器使用苯基柱150mmx4.6mm,3.5μm粒径(P/N186001144)(Waters,Milford,MA,USA)的柱子等度运行。流动相可以为60∶40(v/v)比例的磷酸钾缓冲液(10mM,pH=7.0)∶甲醇。可以在1mL/min的流速下运行,并在15分钟内完成。
可以在环境条件下通过在摇床上使共晶体与水平衡24小时,随后离心并分离饱和的溶液测定水溶性数据。可以通过在室温下在连续搅拌24小时下向模拟液体中加入共晶体测定在模拟胃和肠液(喂食和禁食)中的溶解度。在选定的时间点,过滤样品并通过HPLC分析滤液。
实施例9.悬浮稳定性
还可以评价本发明共晶体悬浮于水性介质中的物理稳定性。具体而言,可以在25℃下以大约6mg/mL的标示浓度浆化共晶体粉末,例如,在(1)无缓冲的去离子水中和(2)1%(w/w)的HPMC(低粘度级)溶液中。然后使用磁力搅拌棒和板混合浆液。可以通过过滤分离固体的样品,例如,以1、2、6和24小时的时间间隔。
其他实施方案
应当理解,尽管已经结合其具体说明描述了本发明,但是前述说明的目的是举例说明而不限制本发明的范围,本发明的范围由所附权利要求书的范围确定。其它方面、优点和修改在下述权利要求书的范围内。
Claims (6)
1.和2,5-二羟基苯甲酸的共晶体,所述共晶体具有在图1中所示的X-射线粉末衍射图谱,其中
和2,5-二羟基苯甲酸的摩尔比是1∶1。
2.和2,4-二羟基苯甲酸的共晶体,所述共晶体具有在图7中所示的X-射线粉末衍射图谱,其中
和2,4-二羟基苯甲酸的摩尔比是1∶1。
3.和3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯甲酸的共晶体,所述共晶体具有在图4中所示的X-射线粉末衍射图谱,其中和3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯甲酸的摩尔比是1∶1。
4.包含权利要求1-3中任一项所述的共晶体的药物组合物,所述共晶体由
和选自3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯甲酸、2,4-二羟基苯甲酸和2,5-二羟基苯甲酸的共晶体形成物形成。
5.权利要求4的药物组合物,还包含药学可接受的稀释剂。
6.制备权利要求1-3任一项的共晶体的方法,包括:
a.提供
b.提供选自3-甲氧基-4-羟基苯甲酸、2,4-二羟基苯甲酸和2,5-二羟基苯甲酸的共晶体形成物,
c.在结晶条件下将
与共晶体形成物研磨、加热、共升华、共熔或在溶液中接触以形成固相共晶体,和
d.任选分离步骤(c)形成的共晶体。
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- 2008-08-29 EP EP11186595A patent/EP2436682A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-08-29 CN CN200880113354.XA patent/CN101835774B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-08-29 MX MX2010002407A patent/MX2010002407A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2008-08-29 AT AT08829433T patent/ATE530546T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-08-29 WO PCT/US2008/010254 patent/WO2009032198A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-08-29 EP EP08829433A patent/EP2185546B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2008-08-29 CL CL2008002549A patent/CL2008002549A1/es unknown
- 2008-08-29 AU AU2008297015A patent/AU2008297015B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2008-08-29 NZ NZ583699A patent/NZ583699A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-08-29 US US12/675,638 patent/US8492546B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-08-29 JP JP2010522967A patent/JP5443360B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-08-29 TW TW097133348A patent/TW200922933A/zh unknown
- 2008-08-29 CA CA2704284A patent/CA2704284A1/en not_active Abandoned
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CN1988885A (zh) * | 2004-06-08 | 2007-06-27 | 沃泰克斯药物股份有限公司 | 药物组合物 |
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EP2185546B1 (en) | 2011-10-26 |
NZ583699A (en) | 2012-04-27 |
AU2008297015B2 (en) | 2013-08-22 |
JP5443360B2 (ja) | 2014-03-19 |
EP2436682A1 (en) | 2012-04-04 |
CA2704284A1 (en) | 2009-03-12 |
AU2008297015A1 (en) | 2009-03-12 |
US20110009424A1 (en) | 2011-01-13 |
JP2010537987A (ja) | 2010-12-09 |
US8492546B2 (en) | 2013-07-23 |
ATE530546T1 (de) | 2011-11-15 |
CL2008002549A1 (es) | 2010-09-03 |
MX2010002407A (es) | 2010-03-26 |
EP2185546A1 (en) | 2010-05-19 |
CN101835774A (zh) | 2010-09-15 |
TW200922933A (en) | 2009-06-01 |
WO2009032198A1 (en) | 2009-03-12 |
AR068817A1 (es) | 2009-12-09 |
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