CN101828919A - Surface electromyographic electrode with amplifying function - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a surface electromyographic electrode comprising a signal acquisition unit and having an amplifying function. After the acquisition unit acquires an electromyographic signal, the electromyographic signal is processed by a signal filter unit and a signal amplifying unit in turn, and an expected electromyographic signal is output from a signal output unit; the acquisition unit comprises a signal electrode, a grounding electrode and a reference electrode; the signal filter unit comprises a high-pass filter circuit; and the signal amplifying unit comprises an instrument amplifier. The electromyographic electrode has good anti-jamming capability, can accurately acquire the electromyographic signal, and can well meet the requirements of research and application on the aspect of clinical medicine.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the electrophysiological diagnosis kind equipment, particularly have the surface myoelectric electrode of enlarging function.
Background technology
Electromyogram is the static or some activity when shrinking of applied electronics instrument record muscle, and electrical stimulation check neural, muscle is excited and the method for conduction function.Utilize the electromyogram device that the current potential that is produced by muscle is measured and record, thereby obtain to describe the electromyogram of muscle electrical activity.The active variation of electromyographic signal to a great extent can quantitative response and the Changing Pattern of muscle function activity such as the excited conduction velocity of local fatigue degree, muscle strength level, muscle enable mode, motor unit of assessment musculation, polymyarian group harmony and maincenter control feature.Clinical diagnosis and rehabilitation medicine, sports medical science etc. had important Research Significance.
Surface myoelectric (surface electromyography, sEMG) to be neuromuscular system change through the surface electrode guiding, amplify, show and write down the one dimension voltage time sequence signal that is obtained carrying out random and non-random bio electricity when movable signal, its amplitude is about 0-5000 μ V, frequency 0-1000Hz, signal aspect has stronger randomness and unstability.Compare with traditional pin type electromyogram, the spatial resolution of sEMG is relatively low, but space exploration is bigger, repeatability better, for Sports Scientific Research, rehabilitation medicine is clinical and basic research etc. has important academic values and application value.
Surface electromyogram signal to be applied to clinical medicine and basic research, must the collection surface electromyographic signal.In existing technology, the collection of surface electromyogram signal is to draw by the Ag/AgCL electrode slice, by cable transmission entering signal amplification treatment circuit.Yet such conventional transmission mode exists many drawbacks in actual applications: because the impedance of cable transmission surface electromyogram signal is very high, be subjected to the interference of external electromagnetic field and industrial-frequency alternating current easily; And when measuring surface myoelectric, human motion cause cable bending, move and also can cause serious interference, the quality of the surface electromyogram signal that influence is finally obtained faint electromyographic signal.
Summary of the invention
The 50HZ power frequency that may be subjected to when purpose of the present invention is intended to overcome electromyographic signal collection is disturbed, intrinsic noise, kinestate such as arm shake, move etc. causes the distortion of signal, perhaps bury in oblivion initialize signal and be unfavorable for observation, reduce their influences to electromyographic signal, thus the clear signal of outputting high quality.
For this reason, the present invention proposes and has realized a kind ofly having capacity of resisting disturbance and surface myoelectric electrode that have enlarging function, thereby provide a kind of and can accurately gather surface myoelectric electrode electromyographic signal, that cost performance is high, with the research of being satisfied with the clinical medicine aspect and the needs of application.
When design surface myoelectric electrode of the present invention, mainly consider following factor:
(1) interference of external various radiation signals: all can interfere with the human body electromyographic signal as instrument facility of daylight lamp, radio, power line, various leakage high-frequency signals etc.; Even the interfering signal that has, as the 50Hz power frequency interference signals that power line causes, its voltage magnitude has serious interference effect well beyond the electromyographic signal of human body to electromyographic signal.Human body is an electric conductor, and power frequency is disturbed and external electric field, magnetic field induction all can form the measurement noise in human body, disturbs the detection of surface electromyogram signal, so the shielding of the filtering of signal and circuit becomes the emphasis of surface electromyogram signal digital sensor design.
(2) motion artifacts disturbs: this interference phenomenon may be to be caused by the relative displacement between electrode and skin surface, also may be moved by the line that leads between electrode and the preamplifier and cause.
Therefore, we have adopted high performance instrument amplifier in this surface myoelectric electrode with enlarging function of design, suppressed noise and interferential influence effectively.
Comprise signal gathering unit about this surface myoelectric electrode with enlarging function, after collecting unit is gathered electromyographic signal, pass through signal filtering unit and signal amplification unit successively, electromyographic signal from signal output unit output expectation, and described collecting unit is except comprising signal electrode and ground electrode, also comprise reference electrode, described signal filtering unit comprises high-pass filtering circuit, and described signal amplification unit comprises instrument amplifier.
According to surface myoelectric electrode of the present invention, described signal amplification unit comprises the resistance that is connected the instrument amplifier outside, is used for adjusting the gain of signal amplification unit.
According to surface myoelectric electrode of the present invention, described signal filtering unit also comprises the capacitor that is connected after the high pass filter.
According to surface myoelectric electrode of the present invention, be connected to the positive-negative input end of instrument amplifier behind described signal electrode and the reference electrode process signal filtering unit.
According to surface myoelectric electrode of the present invention, described signal electrode, ground electrode and reference electrode are the button electrode.
According to surface myoelectric electrode of the present invention, the model of described instrument amplifier is preferably AD8221.
According to surface myoelectric electrode of the present invention, described high-pass filtering circuit is preferably single order resistance-capacitance type filter circuit.
At the defective that prior art exists, surface myoelectric electrode of the present invention mainly improves in the following areas:
With preamplifier and electrode integrated design, what the cable that almost do not lead caused crosstalks, prevented that effectively the line that leads between electrode and the amplifier from reducing the common mode inhibition capacity of system by capacitive coupling, and the adverse effect that back level certainty of measurement is caused.
The structural circuit that built-in amplifier adopts difference to amplify.The high characteristic of its common mode rejection ratio that has has weakened common mode disturbances to a certain extent; Satisfied the demand of high input impedance simultaneously, also made, improved system signal noise ratio because of get an electric shock indirectly resistance (may at several kilo-ohms to several megohms) signal of decay and the signal skew that causes of skin and detecting electrode drops to minimumly.
Built-in amplifying circuit has bigger amplification (nearly 100 times), and the reference electrode of being made by screen layer and balancing circuitry is set, and has suppressed the intrinsic noise that circuit etc. causes preferably, further makes its signal to noise ratio obtain bigger raising.
The button electrode of selecting for use is as the electrode of acquired signal, this electrode is a kind of magnetic pole of stable performance, to cause impedance to reduce after perspiring as human body, and can not perspire or humidity changes and makes electrode characteristic generation great change in the time of therefore can guaranteeing to write down, thereby influence signal waveform because of skin.Adopt the electrode of fixed position simultaneously, overcome that to cause measured signal to differ greatly be the problem of motion artifacts because of the electrode relative position moves.
Adopt instrument amplifier AD8221, its frequency response broad, even when its gain reaches 100dB, its frequency range still can reach 200kHz, and the frequency of surface electromyogram signal can satisfy the surface EMG detection needs fully usually less than 500Hz.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the system architecture diagram of surface myoelectric electrode of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the physical circuit figure of the surface myoelectric electrode of exemplary embodiments of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the signal filtering of the surface myoelectric electrode of exemplary embodiments of the present invention and the principle assumption diagram that amplifying unit combines;
Fig. 4 is the internal circuit diagram of the instrument amplifier that adopts of the signal amplification unit in the surface myoelectric electrode of exemplary embodiments of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the connection diagram in the real work of surface myoelectric electrode
The electromyographic signal figure of Fig. 6 for adopting the conventional surface electromyographic electrode to obtain
The electromyographic signal figure of Fig. 7 for adopting surface myoelectric electrode of the present invention to obtain
The specific embodiment
In order to understand the present invention better, below will describe the surface myoelectric electrode with enlarging function of the present invention by way of example in detail.It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that this does not constitute the restriction to the embodiment of the application's claimed invention.
The system structure system block diagram of surface myoelectric electrode of the present invention as shown in Figure 1.The surface myoelectric electrode mainly comprises signal gathering unit, signal filtering unit, signal amplification unit and signal output unit.After utilizing Ag/AgCL surface myoelectric electrode that surface electromyogram signal is drawn by human body, signal is imported amplifier with preliminary signal processing function.Reduced the physical space distance that the signal first order is handled, carried out the signal amplification to reduce various influences by the interfering signal of growing the cable transmission introducing.Get rid of the interfering signal that to predict existence as far as possible, amplify electromyographic signal simultaneously, finish electromyographic signal collection.
To describe the circuit of surface myoelectric electrode of the present invention by way of example in detail below.
Fig. 2 is a kind of surface myoelectric telegraph circuit figure with enlarging function of the present invention.To form with the circuit that specifies electromyographic electrode corresponding to the unitary mode of each several part shown in Figure 1 below.
Signal gathering unit: as shown in Figure 2, collecting unit is mainly realized by these 3 electrodes of electrode 1 (J1), electrode 2 (J2) and electrode 3 (J3) in circuit diagram, wherein electrode 2 (J2) is a ground electrode, and electrode 3 (J3) is a reference electrode, and electrode 1 (J1) is a signal electrode.The reference electrode (J3) that inserts in the middle of two electrodes is also referred to as indifferent electrode, is beneficial to reduce noise, improves the inhibition ability to common-mode signal.
The signal filtering unit: surface electromyogram signal generally has only a millivolt step voltage, often carrying the interfering signal of low frequency (near direct current) and high frequency in the signal secretly, real useful electromyographic signal is roughly between 10HZ-500HZ, therefore, signal filter circuit is necessary can filtering low frequency signal and high-frequency interferencing signal wherein.Signal filtering unit in the surface myoelectric electrode of exemplary embodiment of the present invention adopts high-pass filtering circuit to remove low frequency signal.After surface electromyogram signal is entered circuit by electrode 1,2,3 collections, through the high-pass filtering circuit of forming by C1, C2, R1, R2, R7, the low-frequency interfering signal of filtering.High-pass filtering circuit is the following signal of filtering 5HZ at first, promptly carries out preliminary filtering.In 5HZ-∞ frequency range, the amplitude-frequency characteristic of high-pass filtering circuit is straight.Therefore, high-pass filtering circuit makes the frequency content that is higher than 5HZ in the electromyographic signal be subjected to hardly to pass through damply, and the frequency content that is lower than 5HZ will be subjected to greatly decaying.Wherein the effect of usage space coupling capacitance C1, C2 is to remove polarizing voltage, to prevent that amplifier from because of the influence of polarizing voltage enters saturation, making signal not produce saturation distortion.The effect of R1, R2 is to provide a direct current bias voltage to the amplifier that the back will be mentioned, and makes amplifier be operated in magnifying state, guarantees that signal does not produce cutoff distortion.Consider that the high-pass filtering at signal input part may bring common-mode noise owing to the matching error of R1, C1, R2, these component values of C2, and this structure may reduce the input impedance of amplifying circuit, so add resistance R 7, together with the electrode J2 filtering common-mode noise of coming together.
Utilize the principle every straight-through friendship of electric capacity, end at high-pass filtering circuit is provided with capacitor C 5 again, high frequency electric can be isolated from signal, therefore, capacitor C 5 effectively attenuate high frequency is disturbed and noise, reduces the measurement error that is produced by high-frequency noise and interference.The low-pass filter circuit of the R5 among the figure, C3, C6 formation+5V end, the low-pass filter circuit of R6, C4, C7 formation-5V end has certain filter function to power supply, the High-frequency Interference and the noise of filter out power part.
In exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the exemplary parameter of each element of filtering part is: R1=10M Ω, R2=10M Ω, R3=500 Ω, R4=100 Ω, R5=100 Ω, R6=100 Ω; C1=0.1 μ F, C2=0.1 μ F, C3=0.1 μ F, C4=0.1 μ F, C5=470PF, C6=10 μ F.
Signal amplification unit: signal amplification unit mainly is made up of amplifier U1 and peripheral circuit thereof.If any noise is far from test point, on test point, will show as " common mode " signal; The signal of detected near surface then shows differently, will be exaggerated.Therefore, in order to eliminate noise, adopt the method for differential amplification from power line.To " subtract each other " by the electromyographic signal of two electrode detection inputs, remove identical " common mode " composition, only amplify different " differential mode " compositions.Thereby reached that relatively at a distance power line noise is eliminated and purpose that relatively nearby electromyographic signal is exaggerated.
The used amplifier of the present invention is preferably AD8221.AD8221 is a single-chip instrument amplifier, adopt classical three amplifier topological structure design, Fig. 3 shows the structure principle chart of the signal filtering amplifying unit that comprises aforesaid high pass filter unit, and promptly the difference amplifier 36 of high-pass filtering circuit 42 and three amplifier structures is realized the function of filtering and amplification respectively.
The internal circuit of instrument amplifier AD8221 is referring to Fig. 4.As shown in Figure 4, input transistors Q1 and Q2 fix current offset, and therefore any differential input signal all can make the output voltage generation respective change of amplifier A1 and A2.Input signal produces electric current by resistance R G, R1, R2, makes the correct voltage of output of amplifier A1 and A2.On topological meaning, Q1, A1, R1 and Q2, A2, R2 all can be considered the precision current feedback amplifier, and the latter suppresses common-mode voltage, but amplify differential voltage.Adopt this differential amplifier, can realize low output offset voltage and the drift of low output offset voltage.And AD8221 adopts superbeta input transistors and IB compensation scheme, so have high input impedance, low IB drift, low IOS input bias current noise and extremely low voltage noise characteristic.The transfer function of this amplifier is G=1+49.4K Ω/RG, and the user can easily and accurately be provided with gain by a measuring resistance.
As shown in Figure 2, resistance R 3 is the amplifier feedback resistance corresponding to the resistance R G among Fig. 4, and the amplification of amplifier U1 is G=1+49.4K Ω/R3, therefore, adjusts the resistance of resistance R 3 and just can adjust amplifier gain.
Signal output unit: surface electromyogram signal is through after aforesaid collection, filtering and the processing and amplifying, at last by signal output unit (lead-out terminal J7) output analogue signal.For next step digitized processing unit (for example A/D conversion) and computer analysis and calculating provides preparation.
Surface myoelectric electrode of the present invention is applied in medical diagnosis or the research, as shown in Figure 5.With static line make electromyographic electrode with keep in touch in human body (for example arm), the analogue signal of electromyographic electrode output is connected to electric physiological apparatus by signal transmssion line.Because the present invention with electrode and the integrated design of electromyographic signal amplifier, makes the electrode collecting part possess signal amplifying function simultaneously.The pretreatment and the amplification of signal front end have been realized, after signal is necessarily strengthened in advance, be converted to the output of one tunnel bus by three road cables, carry out further subsequent treatment through cable transmission again, effectively reduce influence owing to the various interfering signals that long cable transmission is introduced in early stage.Promoted the capacity of resisting disturbance of electrode transmission signal, reduced because of the patient because of moving the interference that affects the cable generation.
Fig. 6 gathers the electromyographic signal oscillogram that obtains after the electromyographic signal for tradition adopts the surface myoelectric electrode, and Fig. 7 gathers the electromyographic signal oscillogram that electromyographic signal obtains for adopting the surface myoelectric electrode with enlarging function of the present invention.As can be seen from Figures 6 and 7, low-frequency interference signal is almost by filtering, and high-frequency interferencing signal also obtains obvious suppression.
After tested, the surface myoelectric electrode performance with enlarging function of the present invention's design refers to as follows:
(1) amplification: 100 times.Gain is to weigh the ability that amplifier amplifies small-signal, and the electromyographic signal amplitude is about 0-5000 μ V, must the physiological signal that these are faint be amplified to be suitable for writing down or the level of display device, is beneficial to signal detection;
(2) low noise: noise voltage≤0.7 μ V.The noise of physiological parameter measurement amplifier itself is higher, then useful small-signal might be flooded and is difficult to observe, and therefore when faint bioelectrical signals amplifies, necessarily requires amplifier to have lower internal noise;
(3) high input impedance: 〉=10M Ω.The input impedance of physiological parameter measurement amplifier in general should be big as far as possible, requires the input impedance of amplifier more much bigger than the internal impedance of signal source usually.Because the signal source internal resistance can reach tens K Ω, so hundreds of K Ω, the contact impedance between muscular tissue and the electrode may change in sizable scope, in the dry weather area, and contact resistance even up to several ten thousand ohm; For the purpose of the signal to noise ratio that reaches effective raising bioelectrical signals, input impedance must be far longer than the signal source internal resistance; Input impedance is big more, and signal to noise ratio is high more.Under this condition, even the common mode of amplifier is better than extremely, if input impedance is not high enough, common mode interference signal also can cause output error, therefore must improve the input impedance of amplifier.
(4) high cmrr: 〉=80db.The physiological parameter measurement amplifier generally has high-gain and high input impedance, thereby all kinds of interference also very easily enters amplifier channel with signal, the difference mode signal that electromyographic signal is small, and be to introduce common-mode signal (high frequency electrical noise) unavoidably in the signal acquisition process.Can remove the common mode interference signal in the signal effectively, be an important indicator of neuroelectricity amplifier, so the present invention selects for use the amplifying circuit with high cmrr that interfering signal is suppressed.
Adopt the advantage of improved surface myoelectric electrode of the present invention to be mainly reflected in following aspect: (1) has improved the certainty of measurement of electromyographic signal; (2) signal to noise ratio of system is improved, and capacity of resisting disturbance is strong, and minimizing noise jamming etc. are to the influence of electromyographic signal; (3) use is more convenient, need not to require the patient to keep forbidding of tested position when detected.
The replacement that those skilled in the art can revise, change or be equal to present embodiment easily, for example, single order resistance-capacitance type high-pass filtering circuit in the exemplary embodiments can be replaced with active high-pass filtering circuit or LC high pass filter etc., also can select the discharge circuit of other type for use, do not repeat them here, these all should belong to the scope that claim of the present invention is advocated.
Claims (7)
1. surface myoelectric electrode, this electromyographic electrode comprises signal gathering unit, after collecting unit is gathered electromyographic signal, pass through signal filtering unit and signal amplification unit successively, from the electromyographic signal of signal output unit output expectation, it is characterized in that: described collecting unit also comprises reference electrode except comprising signal electrode and ground electrode, described signal filtering unit comprises high-pass filtering circuit, and described signal amplification unit comprises instrument amplifier.
2. surface myoelectric electrode as claimed in claim 1, described signal amplification unit comprise the resistance that is connected the instrument amplifier outside, are used for adjusting the gain of signal amplification unit.
3. surface myoelectric electrode as claimed in claim 1, described signal filtering unit also comprise the capacitor that is connected after the high pass filter.
4. surface myoelectric electrode as claimed in claim 1, described signal electrode and reference electrode are connected to the positive-negative input end of instrument amplifier after through the signal filtering unit.
5. surface myoelectric electrode as claimed in claim 1, described signal electrode, ground electrode and reference electrode are the button electrode.
6. surface myoelectric electrode as claimed in claim 1, the model of described instrument amplifier are AD8221.
7. surface myoelectric electrode as claimed in claim 1, described high-pass filtering circuit are single order resistance-capacitance type filter circuit.
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| CN102499678A (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2012-06-20 | 中国人民解放军第四军医大学 | Impedance measuring device and measuring method of portable impedance imaging system |
| CN102694509A (en) * | 2011-03-22 | 2012-09-26 | 北京汉朔科技有限公司 | An integrated electro-physiological signal amplifier with an AC excitation function |
| CN103405228A (en) * | 2013-08-21 | 2013-11-27 | 中国科学院自动化研究所 | Portable electrocardio and surface myoelectricity measuring device |
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| CN102694509B (en) * | 2011-03-22 | 2017-02-15 | 北京汉朔科技有限公司 | An integrated electro-physiological signal amplifier with an AC excitation function |
| US9995775B2 (en) | 2011-09-23 | 2018-06-12 | Fourth Military Medical University | Electrical impedance detecting device of portable electrical impedance imaging system and detecting method thereof |
| CN102499678A (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2012-06-20 | 中国人民解放军第四军医大学 | Impedance measuring device and measuring method of portable impedance imaging system |
| CN103405228A (en) * | 2013-08-21 | 2013-11-27 | 中国科学院自动化研究所 | Portable electrocardio and surface myoelectricity measuring device |
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