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CN101798665B - Preparation method for alumina-based foam material - Google Patents

Preparation method for alumina-based foam material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101798665B
CN101798665B CN2010101327559A CN201010132755A CN101798665B CN 101798665 B CN101798665 B CN 101798665B CN 2010101327559 A CN2010101327559 A CN 2010101327559A CN 201010132755 A CN201010132755 A CN 201010132755A CN 101798665 B CN101798665 B CN 101798665B
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carbon fiber
aluminum
aluminum alloy
foam material
plating
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CN101798665A (en
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姚广春
罗洪杰
曹卓坤
刘宜汉
张晓明
吴林丽
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Northeastern University China
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Northeastern University China
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Abstract

一种铝基泡沫材料的制备方法，首先在碳纤维表明镀覆一层金属，向铝或铝合金熔体中加入带有金属镀层的碳纤维，然后加入氢化钛并搅拌均匀，发泡后取出并冷却得到碳纤维增强的铝基泡沫材料。本发明将碳纤维引入泡沫铝材料的制备之中，实现了气泡的稳定和材料性能的提高。与现有技术相比，本发明制备的泡沫铝材料的压缩强度高于6MPa，冲击韧性提高约30％，能量吸收能力提高50％以上。因此，短碳纤维增强的铝基泡沫材料的抗压强度、吸能和阻尼性能显著提高，且材料的孔壁韧性较好。A method for preparing an aluminum-based foam material. First, a layer of metal is coated on the surface of the carbon fiber, and the carbon fiber with the metal coating is added to the aluminum or aluminum alloy melt, and then titanium hydride is added and stirred evenly. After foaming, it is taken out and cooled. A carbon fiber reinforced aluminum based foam material is obtained. The invention introduces the carbon fiber into the preparation of the foamed aluminum material to realize the stability of the air bubbles and the improvement of the material performance. Compared with the prior art, the compressive strength of the aluminum foam material prepared by the invention is higher than 6MPa, the impact toughness is increased by about 30%, and the energy absorption capacity is increased by more than 50%. Therefore, the compressive strength, energy absorption and damping properties of short carbon fiber reinforced aluminum-based foam materials are significantly improved, and the material has better cell wall toughness.

Description

A kind of preparation method of alumina-based foam material
Technical field
The invention belongs to the metal-base composites technical field, be specifically related to the preparation method of alumina-based foam material.
Background technology
Foamed aluminium material is a kind of multifunctional novel structured material; Have that specific density is little, specific surface area is big, than characteristics such as mechanics performance are high, the damping shock absorption performance is good, can be widely used in numerous areas such as aerospace, military project, boats and ships, track train, automobile and building, machinery.Characteristics such as carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite is because to have density little, and specific tenacity, specific rigidity are high, and conduction, thermal conductivity are good, and dimensional stability is good under hot strength and the high temperature are for a long time by a kind of matrix material of people's primary study.If carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite is processed alumina-based foam material through foaming; Not only can keep the original function of foamed aluminium; And can further improve the intensity and the toughness of foamed aluminium material; The final acquisition has high energy-absorbing, damping characteristic, and the good alumina-based foam material of hole wall toughness, and then satisfies the specific demand of field such as aerospace to the high-performance foam aluminum.
The preparation method that publication number is that the application for a patent for invention of CN1500898A discloses is a kind of " thomel behind aluminium and the plasma modification combine form foamed aluminium ".This method has been carried out modification to thomel in order to solve the difficult problem that organism thomel and inorganics aluminium combine under plasma environment, purpose is to realize compound between thomel and the aluminium.But do not announce how compound thomel and aluminium after the modification is in this invention application, and the method and the corresponding technological conditions that prepare foamed aluminium.
The patent No. is the preparation method that the patent of invention of US3940262 discloses a kind of " enhancement type foamed metal ".This method is in metal melt, to add spun glass, refractory fibre and steel fiber class inorganic fibre.In order to improve the dispersiveness of inorganic fibre in metal melt, propose to adopt the method for flame plating, vacuum sputtering, hot dip process, electroless plating and so on to apply coating, but do not provide explanation with regard to concrete technology and parameter at fiber surface.The tackifier that in the embodiment that describes the preparation foamed aluminium, adopt are nitrogen, oxygen, air, water and rare gas element, and the whipping agent of employing is a zircoium hydride.Technological process when preparing foamed aluminium with this method, cost of manufacture and material property all need improve and improve.
Thomel begins to get into the commercial prodn field seventies from eighties of last century; It not only has the natural characteristics of carbon material; The soft workability that has both textile fibres again is that a kind of carbon content is higher than 90% inorganic polymer fiber, and the diameter of carbon fibre precursor is generally about 7 microns.Utilize the metal-base composites of thomel preparation can be divided into continuous carbon fibre enhancing metal-base composites and short carbon fiber enhancing metal-base composites.Prepare the characteristics of foamed metal according to foam melt method, should adopt short carbon fiber enhanced metal-base composites as matrix.Need among the preparation method to solve following technical problem underlying: metallic carbide, carburizing and galvanic corrosion phenomenon can take place when thomel and metal composite, require thomel to carry out surface treatment before use; The density of thomel generally is lower than the metal melt density of employing, needs to solve the homodisperse problem of thomel in metal melt; Change has taken place in the molten aluminium structure behind the interpolation thomel, needs to solve the generation and the stable problem of bubble.
Summary of the invention
To above-mentioned prior art problems, the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of alumina-based foam material, reach prepare have HS, the purpose of the alumina-based foam material of H.T., high energy-absorbing and high damping characteristic.
The inventive method step is following.
(1) SURFACE TREATMENT OF CARBON FIBER
The method of SURFACE TREATMENT OF CARBON FIBER adopts a kind of in following two kinds of methods.
1. plating method
After the carbon fibre precursor surface carried out pre-treatment, show the plating layer of metal with electric plating method at thomel, it is for use then carbon fiber filament to be cut into the short carbon fiber of desired length.
The pretreated method of carbon fiber surface is with heating 20～40 minutes in the air atmosphere of carbon fibre precursor under 350～450 ℃; Immerse then in the nitric acid of mass concentration 20～40% and boiled 10～30 minutes, can put into electroplate liquid with deionized water rinsing to neutrality again and carry out galvanic deposit.
The employing plating method can be at carbon fiber surface metal lining copper or metallic nickel in the surface treatment of carbon fibers process.
The processing condition of carbon fiber surface electro-coppering are following.
Electroplating bath components is CuSO 45H 2O:60～200g/l, H 2SO 4: 100～180g/l, additive: 1～5ml/l, all the other are water; Bath temperature is 10 ℃～20 ℃, and voltage is 1V～2V, and electroplating time is 4～10min.In order to improve the resistance of oxidation of copper carbon fiber, the boric acid of functional quality concentration 1～2% carries out immersion treatment to copper carbon fiber.Additive consists of: 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (M) 0.1～0.3g/l, and ethylene thiourea (N) 0.2～0.4g/l, sodium polydithio-dipropyl sulfonate (SP) 5～8g/l, Methylene blue 0.3～0.6g/l, OP-10 emulsifying agent 30～50ml/l, all the other are water.
The processing condition of carbon fiber surface electronickelling are following.
Electroplating bath components is NiSO 46H 2O:300～400g/l, boric acid 35～45g/l, additive 40～60ml/l, all the other are water; Current density is 0.2～0.4A/dm 2, bath temperature: 10 ℃～20 ℃, electroplating time is 3～7min.Additive consists of: NaCl 90～110g/l, and Supragil GN 1～3g/l, sodium lauryl sulphate 1～3g/l, diethylin pentyne glycol 0.2～0.6g/l, all the other are water.
2. electroless plating method
The pretreated method of carbon fiber surface is: with heating 10～20 minutes in the air atmosphere of carbon fibre precursor under 350～450 ℃, immerse then in the nitric acid of mass concentration 20～40% and boiled 10～20 minutes, again with deionized water rinsing to neutral; Again thomel is put into concentration 10～20g/l SnCl 2Carry out sensitization in the aqueous solution and handle, soaked 5～10 minutes, take out and clean; Thomel after the sensitization is immersed AgNO 3And NH 3H 2Mixed aqueous solution (the AgNO of O 32～5g/l, NH 3H 2Carry out activation treatment among the O 6～8ml/l), soaked 5～10 minutes, take out and clean; At last the thomel after the activation is put into the mass concentration 1%HCHO aqueous solution and soaked 30～60 seconds, can put into chemical plating bath after the taking-up and begin electroless plating.Show plating layer of metal copper or metallic nickel at thomel, it is for use then carbon fiber filament to be cut into the short carbon fiber of desired length.
The processing condition of thomel electroless copper are following.
Bath temperature is 20 ℃～40 ℃, and plating time is 15～30min.Solution composition is CuSO 45H 2O 15～20g/l, EDTA Disodium 20～30g/l, Seignette salt 10～20g/l, NaOH 10～20g/l, 2,2 '-dipyridyl 30～50mg/l, yellow prussiate of potash 60～80mg/l, formaldehyde 15～20ml/l, all the other are water.In order to improve the resistance of oxidation of copper carbon fiber, the boric acid of functional quality concentration 1～2% carries out immersion treatment and oven dry to copper carbon fiber.
The processing condition of thomel chemical nickel plating are following.
Bath temperature is 40 ℃～60 ℃, and pH is 4.0～6.0, and plating time is 15～30min.Solution composition is NiSO 46H 2O25～35g/l, NaH 2PO 2H 2O 15～25g/l, Trisodium Citrate 25～35g/l, acetic acid receive 15～25g/l, and lactic acid 15～25ml/l, additive are 4.0～6.0ml/l, and all the other are water.Consisting of of additive: Supragil GN 3～8g/l, diethylhexyl sodium sulfate 1～3g/l, all the other are water.
(2) preparation of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite
The technical pure aluminum or aluminum alloy is melted under 700 ℃～780 ℃ and is incubated 0.5～1.5 hour; Adding accounts for the thomel that has metal plating of commercial-purity aluminium or aluminium alloy quality 1～10% and stirs in the aluminum or aluminum alloy melt; Carbon fiber length is 1～10mm, prepares the equally distributed aluminum or aluminum alloy melt of thomel.
(3) preparation of alumina-based foam material
The above-mentioned aluminum or aluminum alloy melt that contains thomel is cooled to 680 ℃～700 ℃, adds the titanium hydride account for the thomel that has metal plating and aluminium (or duraluminum) melt total mass 0.5～2% and stir, the titanium hydride granularity is 38～147 μ m.Churning time is 2～6 minutes, and stirring velocity is 1000～4000 rev/mins.Take out the foaming back and cooling can obtain the carbon fiber reinforced alumina-based foam material.
In the preparation process (2) of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite, the churning time that adds behind the thomel have metal plating is 3～10 minutes, and stirring velocity is 800～1500 rev/mins.
In the preparation process (2) of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite; For the surface tension and raising foaming power that reduces the aluminum or aluminum alloy melt; Behind commercial-purity aluminium or aluminum alloy melting; Can also in melt, add the calcium metal that accounts for commercial-purity aluminium or aluminium alloy quality 0.5～1%; Perhaps add the MAGNESIUM METAL 99 that accounts for commercial-purity aluminium or aluminium alloy quality 0.5～1%, perhaps add the calcium that accounts for commercial-purity aluminium or aluminium alloy quality 0.5～1% and add the magnesium that accounts for commercial-purity aluminium or aluminium alloy quality 0.5～1% simultaneously, mix.
In order to make the dispersiveness of thomel in molten aluminium that has metal plating do not added the influence of calcium metal, MAGNESIUM METAL 99, above-mentioned interpolation calcium or magnesium or the operation of adding calcium and magnesium simultaneously carried out after also can and stirring among the thomel that has metal plating is added into the aluminum or aluminum alloy melt and accomplishing.The add-on of calcium metal, MAGNESIUM METAL 99 is identical with foregoing with the adding method.
The duraluminum for preparing in the process to be adopted at carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite can be 6063 duraluminums, ZL201 duraluminum, 2024 duraluminums or A356 duraluminum.
Because what in preparation carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite process, use is the short carbon fiber that has 1～10mm of metal plating; The short carbon fiber two ends are exposed fibre section; In order to improve the composite effect of short carbon fiber and molten aluminium, can adopt electroless plating, after the carbon fiber filament that will have a metal plating is cut into the short carbon fiber of desired length; Short carbon fiber is carried out the secondary plating, so that two exposed end epicranium metallic coppers or nickel cover.Method is identical with aforementioned carbon fiber surface electroless plating.
Prepare in the process (3) at alumina-based foam material, titanium hydride be introduced into the aluminum or aluminum alloy bath surface of rotation, also can join the bottom of aluminum or aluminum alloy melt via hollow stir shaft.Directly contact with stirring rake owing to join the titanium hydride of aluminum or aluminum alloy melt bottom, be easy to dispersion after receiving the shear action of stirring rake, adopt this addition manner can suitably reduce stirring velocity and churning time.Stirring aluminum or aluminum alloy melt to be foamed after accomplishing can directly foam in original process furnace, also can be transferred in another constant temperature oven and foam, and warm of a kind of mode that foams in back is comparatively even.After being moved out of process furnace, thermal insulation foaming fills liquid foam when accomplishing crucible can adopt immersion cooling or air blast cooling.The crucible that holds the aluminum or aluminum alloy melt can adopt ferrous material to process.
Prepare in the process (3) at alumina-based foam material, the thermal insulation foaming time of stirring after accomplishing is 3～8 minutes.
Advantage of the present invention is following.
(1) the present invention introduces thomel among the preparation of foamed aluminium material; Because the length-to-diameter ratio of short carbon fiber is greater than 100; This special linear form will be bigger to the stabilization of bubble than solid phase particles in the existing theory to the stabilization of bubble, show the influence mechanism of solid additive to bubble stability significantly.The effect of thomel stabilise bubbles is through hindering the gravity discharge opeing, assembles aluminium liquid and feeding is in time accomplished in bubble thinning process.Simultaneously, thomel mechanical contact each other and easy in aluminum-liquid wetting makes it can produce restoring force and stops walls attenuation and the fluctuation of offsetting liquid-gas interface, and then realized that foamy is stable.According to the stable mechanism of thomel in Bubble Formation Process, the present invention has provided a kind of new foamed aluminium preparation technology, and goes out high performance alumina-based foam material with this prepared.
(2) the present invention adopts the thomel of high elastic coefficient and high mechanical strength to be equipped with foamed aluminium material as strengthening system, has improved the performance of material significantly.When the porosity of foamed aluminium material was constant, its energy-absorbing and damping capacity increased along with the raising of hole wall intensity; When the foamed aluminium hole wall had suitable toughness, its energy-absorbing and damping capacity when usage were stable.Common foamed aluminium material is to add the solid phase particles that forms behind the calcium metal as bubble stabilizer in molten aluminium.When the density that with calcium is the foamed aluminium material of stablizer preparation is 0.5g/cm 3The time, the compressive strength of this foamed aluminium material is about 3MPa; And adopt short carbon fiber to be higher than 6MPa as the compressive strength of the foamed aluminium material that strengthens the density of the same race that system is equipped with, and the impelling strength of carbon fiber reinforced foamed aluminium material improves approximately 30%, and energy absorption capability improves more than 50%.Therefore, ultimate compression strength, energy-absorbing and the damping capacity of short carbon fiber enhanced alumina-based foam material significantly improve, and the hole wall toughness of material is better.
(3) Application Areas and the range of application of foamed aluminium material widened in the raising of the energy absorption capability of the carbon fiber reinforced alumina-based foam material of the present invention's preparation, satisfied the demand to high energy-absorbing, high damping foamed aluminium material such as aerospace industry, war industry, track traffic transport trade.
(4) the present invention adds calcium metal, magnesium class surface active element in aluminum or aluminum alloy, has adjusted the surface tension of molten aluminium, makes the more even distribution of thomel in molten aluminium, makes the even more and adjustable density of foamed aluminium material structure of preparation.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is the pattern photo of alumina-based foam material of the interpolation thomel of embodiment 1 preparation.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Preparing method's step of alumina-based foam material is following.
(1) SURFACE TREATMENT OF CARBON FIBER
The method of SURFACE TREATMENT OF CARBON FIBER adopts plating method.
After the carbon fibre precursor surface carried out pre-treatment, show the plating layer of metal with electric plating method at thomel, it is for use then carbon fiber filament to be cut into the short carbon fiber of desired length.
The pretreated method of carbon fiber surface is with heating in the air atmosphere of carbon fibre precursor under 400 ℃ 30 minutes, immerses then in the nitric acid of mass concentration 30% and boils 20 minutes, can put into electroplate liquid with deionized water rinsing to neutrality again and carry out galvanic deposit.
Adopt plating method at carbon fiber surface metal lining copper in the surface treatment of carbon fibers process.
The processing condition of carbon fiber surface electro-coppering are following.
Electroplating bath components is CuSO 45H 2O:130g/l, H 2SO 4: 140g/l, additive: 3ml/l, all the other are water; Bath temperature is 15 ℃, and voltage is 1.5V, and electroplating time is 7min.In order to improve the resistance of oxidation of copper carbon fiber, the boric acid of functional quality concentration 1.5% carries out immersion treatment to copper carbon fiber.Additive consists of: 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (M) 0.2g/l, and ethylene thiourea (N) 0.3g/l, sodium polydithio-dipropyl sulfonate (SP) 6.5g/l, Methylene blue 0.45g/l, OP-10 emulsifying agent 40ml/l, all the other are water.
(2) preparation of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite
Commercial-purity aluminium is melted under 740 ℃ and is incubated 1 hour; Adding accounts for the thomel that has metal plating of commercial-purity aluminium quality 5% and stirs in molten aluminium; Carbon fiber length is 5mm; Churning time is 7 minutes, and stirring velocity is 1200 rev/mins, prepares the equally distributed molten aluminium of thomel.
(3) preparation of alumina-based foam material
The above-mentioned molten aluminium that contains thomel is cooled to 690 ℃, adds the titanium hydride account for the thomel that has metal plating and molten aluminium total mass 1.2% and stir, the titanium hydride granularity is 74 μ m.Churning time is 4 minutes, and stirring velocity is 2500 rev/mins.Thermal insulation foaming was 5 minutes after stirring was accomplished.Take out and cool off and to obtain the carbon fiber reinforced alumina-based foam material.
Prepare in the process at alumina-based foam material; Titanium hydride joins the aluminium melt surface of rotation; After being moved out of process furnace, in air, cools off molten aluminium directly foaming in original process furnace to be foamed after stir accomplishing, thermal insulation foaming fill liquid foam when accomplishing crucible.
Embodiment 2
Preparing method's step of alumina-based foam material is following.
(1) SURFACE TREATMENT OF CARBON FIBER
The method of SURFACE TREATMENT OF CARBON FIBER adopts plating method.
After the carbon fibre precursor surface carried out pre-treatment, show the plating layer of metal with electric plating method at thomel, it is for use then carbon fiber filament to be cut into the short carbon fiber of desired length.
The pretreated method of carbon fiber surface is with heating in the air atmosphere of carbon fibre precursor under 450 ℃ 20 minutes, immerses then in the nitric acid of mass concentration 40% and boils 10 minutes, can put into electroplate liquid with deionized water rinsing to neutrality again and carry out galvanic deposit.
Adopt plating method at carbon fiber surface metal lining nickel in the surface treatment of carbon fibers process.
The processing condition of carbon fiber surface electronickelling are following.
Electroplating bath components is NiSO 46H 2O:350g/l, boric acid 40g/l, additive 50ml/l, all the other are water; Current density is 0.3A/dm 2, bath temperature: 15 ℃, electroplating time is 5min.Additive consists of: NaCl 100g/l, and Supragil GN 2g/l, sodium lauryl sulphate 2g/l, diethylin pentyne glycol 0.4g/l, all the other are water.
(2) preparation of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite
2024 duraluminums are melted under 780 ℃ and are incubated 1.5 hours; Adding accounts for the thomel that has metal plating of aluminium alloy quality 10% and stirs in molten aluminium; Carbon fiber length is 10mm; Churning time is 3 minutes, and stirring velocity is 1500 rev/mins, prepares the equally distributed aluminium alloy melt of thomel.
(3) preparation of alumina-based foam material
The above-mentioned aluminium alloy melt that contains thomel is cooled to 700 ℃, adds the titanium hydride account for the thomel that has metal plating and aluminium alloy melt total mass 2.0% and stir, the titanium hydride granularity is 147 μ m.Churning time is 6 minutes, and stirring velocity is 1000 rev/mins.Thermal insulation foaming was 3 minutes after stirring was accomplished.Take out and cool off and to obtain the carbon fiber reinforced alumina-based foam material.
Prepare in the process at alumina-based foam material, titanium hydride joins the bottom of aluminium alloy melt via hollow stir shaft.Aluminium alloy melt to be foamed is transferred in another constant temperature oven and foams after stir accomplishing, and thermal insulation foaming fills liquid foam when accomplishing crucible is moved out of air blast cooling behind the process furnace.The crucible that holds aluminium alloy melt adopts ferrous material to process.
Embodiment 3
Preparing method's step of alumina-based foam material is following.
(1) SURFACE TREATMENT OF CARBON FIBER
The method of SURFACE TREATMENT OF CARBON FIBER adopts electroless plating method.
The pretreated method of carbon fiber surface is: with heating in the air atmosphere of carbon fibre precursor under 450 ℃ 10 minutes, immerse then in the nitric acid of mass concentration 20% and boiled 20 minutes, again with deionized water rinsing to neutral; Again thomel is put into concentration 10g/l SnCl 2Carry out sensitization in the aqueous solution and handle, soaked 10 minutes, take out and clean; Thomel after the sensitization is immersed AgNO 3And NH 3H 2Mixed aqueous solution (the AgNO of O 35g/l, NH 3H 2O 8ml/l) carries out activation treatment in, soaked 5 minutes, take out and clean; At last the thomel after the activation is put into the mass concentration 1%HCHO aqueous solution and soaked 60 seconds, can put into chemical plating bath after the taking-up and begin electroless plating.Show plating layer of metal nickel at thomel, it is for use then carbon fiber filament to be cut into the short carbon fiber of desired length.
The processing condition of thomel chemical nickel plating are following.
Bath temperature is 50 ℃, and pH is 5.0, and plating time is 22min.Solution composition is NiSO 46H 2O 30g/l, NaH 2PO 2H 2O 20g/l, Trisodium Citrate 30g/l, acetic acid receive 20g/l, and lactic acid 20ml/l, additive are 5.0ml/l, and all the other are water.Consisting of of additive: Supragil GN 5g/l, diethylhexyl sodium sulfate 2g/l, all the other are water.
(2) the A356 duraluminum is melted under 760 ℃ and be incubated 1 hour; Adding accounts for the thomel that has metal plating of aluminium alloy quality 4% and stirs in molten aluminium; Carbon fiber length is 7mm; Churning time is 5 minutes, and stirring velocity is 1300 rev/mins, prepares the equally distributed aluminium alloy melt of thomel.
(3) the above-mentioned aluminium alloy melt temperature that contains thomel is reduced to 680 ℃, add the titanium hydride account for the thomel that has metal plating and aluminium alloy melt total mass 1.5% and stir, the titanium hydride granularity is 74 μ m.Churning time is 5 minutes, and stirring velocity is 2000 rev/mins.Thermal insulation foaming was 5 minutes after stirring was accomplished.Take out and cool off and to obtain the carbon fiber reinforced alumina-based foam material.
After the carbon fiber filament that will have a metal plating is cut into the short carbon fiber of desired length, short carbon fiber is carried out the secondary plating, so that two exposed end epicranium metallic nickels cover.Method is identical with the carbon fiber surface electroless plating of originally executing the example employing.
Prepare in the process at alumina-based foam material, titanium hydride joins the bottom of molten aluminium via hollow stir shaft.Molten aluminium to be foamed is transferred in another constant temperature oven and foams after stir accomplishing, and adopts the immersion cooling after thermal insulation foaming fills liquid foam when accomplishing crucible is moved out of process furnace.The crucible that holds molten aluminium adopts ferrous material to process.
Prepare in the process at alumina-based foam material; Titanium hydride joins the aluminium melt surface of rotation; After being moved out of process furnace, molten aluminium directly foaming in original process furnace to be foamed after stir accomplishing, thermal insulation foaming fill liquid foam when accomplishing crucible adopts the immersion cooling.The crucible that holds molten aluminium adopts ferrous material to process.
Embodiment 4
Preparing method's step of alumina-based foam material is following.
(1) SURFACE TREATMENT OF CARBON FIBER
The method of SURFACE TREATMENT OF CARBON FIBER adopts plating method.
After the carbon fibre precursor surface carried out pre-treatment, show the plating layer of metal with electric plating method at thomel, it is for use then carbon fiber filament to be cut into the short carbon fiber of desired length.
The pretreated method of carbon fiber surface is with heating in the air atmosphere of carbon fibre precursor under 400 ℃ 30 minutes, immerses then in the nitric acid of mass concentration 30% and boils 20 minutes, can put into electroplate liquid with deionized water rinsing to neutrality again and carry out galvanic deposit.
Adopt plating method at carbon fiber surface metal lining copper in the surface treatment of carbon fibers process.
The processing condition of carbon fiber surface electro-coppering are following.
Electroplating bath components is CuSO 45H 2O:130g/l, H 2SO 4: 140g/l, additive: 3ml/l, all the other are water; Bath temperature is 15 ℃, and voltage is 1.5V, and electroplating time is 7min.In order to improve the resistance of oxidation of copper carbon fiber, the boric acid of functional quality concentration 1.5% carries out immersion treatment to copper carbon fiber.Additive consists of: 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (M) 0.2g/l, and ethylene thiourea (N) 0.3g/l, sodium polydithio-dipropyl sulfonate (SP) 6.5g/l, Methylene blue 0.45g/l, OP-10 emulsifying agent 40ml/l, all the other are water.
(2) preparation of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite
6063 duraluminums are melted under 720 ℃ and are incubated 0.5 hour; Adding accounts for the thomel that has metal plating of aluminium alloy quality 8% and stirs in aluminium alloy melt; Carbon fiber length is 4mm; Churning time is 8 minutes, and stirring velocity is 1000 rev/mins, prepares the equally distributed aluminium alloy melt of thomel.
(3) preparation of alumina-based foam material
The above-mentioned aluminium alloy melt that contains thomel is cooled to 700 ℃, adds the titanium hydride account for the thomel that has metal plating and aluminium alloy melt total mass 1.0% and stir, the titanium hydride granularity is 61 μ m.Churning time is 3 minutes, and stirring velocity is 3000 rev/mins.Thermal insulation foaming was 6 minutes after stirring was accomplished.Take out and cool off and to obtain the carbon fiber reinforced alumina-based foam material.
Prepare in the process at alumina-based foam material, titanium hydride joins the bottom of aluminium alloy melt via hollow stir shaft.Aluminium alloy melt to be foamed is transferred in another constant temperature oven and foams after stir accomplishing, and adopts air blast cooling after thermal insulation foaming fills liquid foam when accomplishing crucible is moved out of process furnace.The crucible that holds aluminium alloy melt adopts ferrous material to process.
Embodiment 5:
Preparing method's step of alumina-based foam material is following.
(1) SURFACE TREATMENT OF CARBON FIBER
The method of SURFACE TREATMENT OF CARBON FIBER adopts electroless plating method.
The pretreated method of carbon fiber surface is: with heating in the air atmosphere of carbon fibre precursor under 400 ℃ 15 minutes, immerse then in the nitric acid of mass concentration 30% and boiled 15 minutes, again with deionized water rinsing to neutral; Again thomel is put into concentration 15g/l SnCl 2Carry out sensitization in the aqueous solution and handle, soaked 7 minutes, take out and clean; Thomel after the sensitization is immersed AgNO 3And NH 3H 2Mixed aqueous solution (the AgNO of O 33.5g/l, NH 3H 2O7ml/l) carry out activation treatment in, soaked 7 minutes, take out and clean; At last the thomel after the activation is put into the mass concentration 1%HCHO aqueous solution and soaked 45 seconds, can put into chemical plating bath after the taking-up and begin electroless plating.Show plating layer of metal copper at thomel, it is for use then carbon fiber filament to be cut into the short carbon fiber of desired length.
The processing condition of thomel electroless copper are following.
Bath temperature is 30 ℃, and plating time is 22min.Solution composition is CuSO 45H 2O 17g/l, EDTA Disodium 25g/l, Seignette salt 15g/l, NaOH 15g/l, 2,2 '-dipyridyl 40mg/l, yellow prussiate of potash 70mg/l, formaldehyde 18ml/l, all the other are water.In order to improve the resistance of oxidation of copper carbon fiber, the boric acid of functional quality concentration 1.5% carries out immersion treatment and oven dry to copper carbon fiber.
(2) preparation of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite
The ZL201 duraluminum is melted under 700 ℃ and is incubated 0.5 hour; Adding accounts for the thomel that has metal plating of aluminium alloy quality 3% and stirs in aluminium alloy melt; Carbon fiber length is 3mm; Churning time is 10 minutes, and stirring velocity is 800 rev/mins, prepares the equally distributed aluminium alloy melt of thomel.
(3) preparation of alumina-based foam material
The above-mentioned molten aluminium that contains thomel is cooled to 680 ℃, adds the titanium hydride account for the thomel that has metal plating and aluminium alloy melt total mass 0.5% and stir, the titanium hydride granularity is 38 μ m.Churning time is 2 minutes, and stirring velocity is 4000 rev/mins.Thermal insulation foaming was 8 minutes after stirring was accomplished.Take out and cool off and to obtain the carbon fiber reinforced alumina-based foam material.
After the carbon fiber filament that will have a metal plating is cut into the short carbon fiber of desired length, short carbon fiber is carried out the secondary plating, so that two exposed end epicranium metallic coppers cover.Method is identical with the carbon fiber surface electroless plating of originally executing the example employing.
Prepare in the process at alumina-based foam material; Titanium hydride joins the aluminium alloy melt surface of rotation; After being moved out of process furnace, aluminium alloy melt directly foaming in original process furnace to be foamed after stir accomplishing, thermal insulation foaming fill liquid foam when accomplishing crucible adopts the immersion cooling.The crucible that holds aluminium alloy melt adopts ferrous material to process.
Embodiment 6
Preparing method's step of alumina-based foam material is following.
(1) SURFACE TREATMENT OF CARBON FIBER
The method of SURFACE TREATMENT OF CARBON FIBER adopts plating method.
After the carbon fibre precursor surface carried out pre-treatment, show the plating layer of metal with electric plating method at thomel, it is for use then carbon fiber filament to be cut into the short carbon fiber of desired length.
The pretreated method of carbon fiber surface is with heating in the air atmosphere of carbon fibre precursor under 350 ℃ 40 minutes, immerses then in the nitric acid of mass concentration 20% and boils 30 minutes, can put into electroplate liquid with deionized water rinsing to neutrality again and carry out galvanic deposit.
Adopt plating method at carbon fiber surface metal lining copper in the surface treatment of carbon fibers process.
The processing condition of carbon fiber surface electro-coppering are following.
Electroplating bath components is CuSO 45H 2O:60g/l, H 2SO 4: 100g/l, additive: 1ml/l, all the other are water; Bath temperature is 10 ℃, and voltage is 1V, and electroplating time is 4min.In order to improve the resistance of oxidation of copper carbon fiber, the boric acid of functional quality concentration 1% carries out immersion treatment to copper carbon fiber.Additive consists of: 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (M) 0.1g/l, and ethylene thiourea (N) 0.2g/l, sodium polydithio-dipropyl sulfonate (SP) 5g/l, Methylene blue 0.3g/l, OP-10 emulsifying agent 30ml/l, all the other are water.
(2) preparation of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite
Commercial-purity aluminium is melted under 700 ℃ and is incubated 0.5 hour; Adding accounts for the thomel that has metal plating of molten aluminium quality 2% and stirs in molten aluminium; Carbon fiber length is 2mm; Churning time is 8 minutes, and stirring velocity is 900 rev/mins, prepares the equally distributed aluminium alloy melt of thomel.
(3) preparation of alumina-based foam material
The above-mentioned molten aluminium that contains thomel is cooled to 680 ℃, adds the titanium hydride account for the thomel that has metal plating and molten aluminium total mass 0.5% and stir, the titanium hydride granularity is 38 μ m.Churning time is 3 minutes, and stirring velocity is 1500 rev/mins.Thermal insulation foaming was 8 minutes after stirring was accomplished.Take out and cool off and to obtain the carbon fiber reinforced alumina-based foam material.
In the preparation process (2) of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite, in melt, add the calcium metal that accounts for molten aluminium quality 0.8% in aluminium fusing back, mix.
After the carbon fiber filament that will have a metal plating is cut into the short carbon fiber of desired length, short carbon fiber is carried out the secondary plating, so that two exposed end epicranium metallic coppers cover.Method is identical with embodiment 5 carbon fiber surface electroless platings.
Prepare in the process at alumina-based foam material; Titanium hydride joins the aluminium melt surface of rotation; Molten aluminium to be foamed is transferred in another constant temperature oven and foams after stir accomplishing, and thermal insulation foaming fills liquid foam when accomplishing crucible is moved out of air blast cooling behind the process furnace.The crucible that holds molten aluminium adopts ferrous material to process.
Embodiment 7
Preparing method's step of alumina-based foam material is following.
(1) SURFACE TREATMENT OF CARBON FIBER
The method of SURFACE TREATMENT OF CARBON FIBER adopts plating method.
After the carbon fibre precursor surface carried out pre-treatment, show the plating layer of metal with electric plating method at thomel, it is for use then carbon fiber filament to be cut into the short carbon fiber of desired length.
The pretreated method of carbon fiber surface is with heating in the air atmosphere of carbon fibre precursor under 380 ℃ 25 minutes, immerses then in the nitric acid of mass concentration 25% and boils 18 minutes, can put into electroplate liquid with deionized water rinsing to neutrality again and carry out galvanic deposit.
The employing plating method can be at carbon fiber surface metal lining nickel in the surface treatment of carbon fibers process.
The processing condition of carbon fiber surface electronickelling are following.
Electroplating bath components is NiSO 46H 2O:320g/l, boric acid 38g/l, additive 45ml/l, all the other are water; Current density is 0.28A/dm 2, bath temperature: 18 ℃, electroplating time is 6min.Additive consists of: NaCl 98g/l, and Supragil GN 1.8g/l, sodium lauryl sulphate 1.8g/l, diethylin pentyne glycol 0.3g/l, all the other are water.
(2) preparation of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite
Commercial-purity aluminium is melted under 760 ℃ and is incubated 1.0 hours; Adding accounts for the thomel that has metal plating of commercial-purity aluminium quality 6% and stirs in molten aluminium; Carbon fiber length is 3mm; Churning time is 6 minutes, and stirring velocity is 1000 rev/mins, prepares the equally distributed molten aluminium of thomel.
(3) preparation of alumina-based foam material
The above-mentioned molten aluminium that contains thomel is cooled to 700 ℃, adds the titanium hydride account for the thomel that has metal plating and molten aluminium total mass 1.0% and stir, the titanium hydride granularity is 74 μ m.Churning time is 4 minutes, and stirring velocity is 2000 rev/mins.Thermal insulation foaming was 4 minutes after stirring was accomplished.Take out and cool off and to obtain the carbon fiber reinforced alumina-based foam material.
In the preparation process (2) of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite, in melt, add the MAGNESIUM METAL 99 that accounts for commercial-purity aluminium quality 0.8% in commercial-purity aluminium fusing back, mix.
After the carbon fiber filament that will have a metal plating is cut into the short carbon fiber of desired length, short carbon fiber is carried out the secondary plating, so that two exposed end epicranium metallic nickels cover.Method is identical with embodiment 3 carbon fiber surface electroless platings.
Prepare in the process at alumina-based foam material, titanium hydride joins the bottom of molten aluminium via hollow stir shaft.After being moved out of process furnace, molten aluminium directly foaming in original process furnace to be foamed after stir accomplishing, thermal insulation foaming fill liquid foam when accomplishing crucible adopts the immersion cooling.The crucible that holds molten aluminium adopts ferrous material to process.
Embodiment 8
Preparing method's step of alumina-based foam material is following.
(1) SURFACE TREATMENT OF CARBON FIBER
The method of SURFACE TREATMENT OF CARBON FIBER adopts electroless plating method.
The pretreated method of carbon fiber surface is: with heating in the air atmosphere of carbon fibre precursor under 420 ℃ 15 minutes, immerse then in the nitric acid of mass concentration 30% and boiled 20 minutes, again with deionized water rinsing to neutral; Again thomel is put into concentration 20g/l SnCl 2Carry out sensitization in the aqueous solution and handle, soaked 6 minutes, take out and clean; Thomel after the sensitization is immersed AgNO 3And NH 3H 2Mixed aqueous solution (the AgNO of O 33g/l, NH 3H 2O 8ml/l) carries out activation treatment in, soaked 6 minutes, take out and clean; At last the thomel after the activation is put into the mass concentration 1%HCHO aqueous solution and soaked 50 seconds, can put into chemical plating bath after the taking-up and begin electroless plating.Show plating layer of metal copper at thomel, it is for use then carbon fiber filament to be cut into the short carbon fiber of desired length.
The processing condition of thomel electroless copper are following.
Bath temperature is 35 ℃, and plating time is 16min.Solution composition is CuSO 45H 2O 20g/l, EDTA Disodium 20g/l, Seignette salt 10g/l, NaOH 10g/l, 2,2 '-dipyridyl 50mg/l, yellow prussiate of potash 60mg/l, formaldehyde 15ml/l, all the other are water.In order to improve the resistance of oxidation of copper carbon fiber, the boric acid of functional quality concentration 1% carries out immersion treatment and oven dry to copper carbon fiber.
(2) preparation of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite
Commercial-purity aluminium is melted under 740 ℃ and is incubated 1.0 hours; Adding accounts for the thomel that has metal plating of molten aluminium quality 7% and stirs in molten aluminium; Carbon fiber length is 9mm; Churning time is 5 minutes, and stirring velocity is 1200 rev/mins, prepares the equally distributed aluminium alloy melt of thomel.
(3) preparation of alumina-based foam material
The above-mentioned molten aluminium that contains thomel is cooled to 680 ℃, adds the titanium hydride account for the thomel that has metal plating and molten aluminium total mass 1.5% and stir, the titanium hydride granularity is 43 μ m.Churning time is 3 minutes, and stirring velocity is 3000 rev/mins.Thermal insulation foaming was 7 minutes after stirring was accomplished.Take out and cool off and to obtain the carbon fiber reinforced alumina-based foam material.
In the preparation process (2) of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite, in melt, add the calcium that accounts for molten aluminium quality 0.5% in aluminium fusing back and add the magnesium that accounts for molten aluminium quality 1.0% simultaneously, mix.
Prepare in the process at alumina-based foam material, titanium hydride joins the bottom of molten aluminium via hollow stir shaft.Molten aluminium to be foamed is transferred in another constant temperature oven and foams after stir accomplishing, and adopts the immersion cooling after thermal insulation foaming fills liquid foam when accomplishing crucible is moved out of process furnace.The crucible that holds molten aluminium adopts ferrous material to process.
Embodiment 9
Preparing method's step of alumina-based foam material is following.
(1) SURFACE TREATMENT OF CARBON FIBER
The method of SURFACE TREATMENT OF CARBON FIBER adopts electroless plating method.
The pretreated method of carbon fiber surface is: with heating in the air atmosphere of carbon fibre precursor under 430 ℃ 17 minutes, immerse then in the nitric acid of mass concentration 20% and boiled 20 minutes, again with deionized water rinsing to neutral; Again thomel is put into concentration 17g/l SnCl 2Carry out sensitization in the aqueous solution and handle, soaked 6 minutes, take out and clean; Thomel after the sensitization is immersed AgNO 3And NH 3H 2Mixed aqueous solution (the AgNO of O 35g/l, NH 3H 2O 6ml/l) carries out activation treatment in, soaked 10 minutes, take out and clean; At last the thomel after the activation is put into the mass concentration 1%HCHO aqueous solution and soaked 60 seconds, can put into chemical plating bath after the taking-up and begin electroless plating.Show plating layer of metal nickel at thomel, it is for use then carbon fiber filament to be cut into the short carbon fiber of desired length.
The processing condition of thomel chemical nickel plating are following.
Bath temperature is 55 ℃, and pH is 5.5, and plating time is 25min.Solution composition is NiSO 46H 2O 25g/l, NaH 2PO 2H 2O 25g/l, Trisodium Citrate 35g/l, acetic acid receive 15g/l, and lactic acid 25ml/l, additive are 4.0ml/l, and all the other are water.Consisting of of additive: Supragil GN 3g/l, diethylhexyl sodium sulfate 3g/l, all the other are water.
(2) preparation of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite
With melting under 740 ℃ of the commercial-purity aluminiums and being incubated 1.0 hours; Adding accounts for the thomel that has metal plating of molten aluminium quality 4% and stirs in molten aluminium, and carbon fiber length is 5mm, and churning time is 4 minutes; Stirring velocity is 1300 rev/mins, prepares the equally distributed molten aluminium of thomel.
(3) preparation of alumina-based foam material
The above-mentioned molten aluminium that contains thomel is cooled to 700 ℃, adds the titanium hydride account for the thomel that has metal plating and molten aluminium total mass 1.7% and stir, the titanium hydride granularity is 147 μ m.Churning time is 4 minutes, and stirring velocity is 2000 rev/mins.Thermal insulation foaming was 5 minutes after stirring was accomplished.Take out and cool off and to obtain the carbon fiber reinforced alumina-based foam material.
Among the thomel that has metal plating is added into molten aluminium and after the stirring completion, in melt, add the calcium metal that accounts for molten aluminium quality 1.0%, add the magnesium that accounts for molten aluminium quality 0.5% simultaneously, mix.
Prepare in the process at alumina-based foam material; Titanium hydride joins the aluminium melt surface of rotation; After being moved out of process furnace, molten aluminium directly foaming in original process furnace to be foamed after stir accomplishing, thermal insulation foaming fill liquid foam when accomplishing crucible adopts air blast cooling.The crucible that holds molten aluminium adopts ferrous material to process.
Embodiment 10
Preparing method's step of alumina-based foam material is following.
(1) SURFACE TREATMENT OF CARBON FIBER
The method of SURFACE TREATMENT OF CARBON FIBER adopts plating method.
After the carbon fibre precursor surface carried out pre-treatment, show the plating layer of metal with electric plating method at thomel, it is for use then carbon fiber filament to be cut into the short carbon fiber of desired length.
The pretreated method of carbon fiber surface is with heating in the air atmosphere of carbon fibre precursor under 320 ℃ 38 minutes, immerses then in the nitric acid of mass concentration 36% and boils 22 minutes, can put into electroplate liquid with deionized water rinsing to neutrality again and carry out galvanic deposit.
The employing plating method can be at carbon fiber surface metal lining copper in the surface treatment of carbon fibers process.
The processing condition of carbon fiber surface electro-coppering are following.
Electroplating bath components is CuSO 45H 2O:70g/l, H 2SO 4: 130g/l, additive: 2ml/l, all the other are water; Bath temperature is 10 ℃, and voltage is 2V, and electroplating time is 8min.In order to improve the resistance of oxidation of copper carbon fiber, the boric acid of functional quality concentration 2% carries out immersion treatment to copper carbon fiber.Additive consists of: 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (M) 0.1g/l, and ethylene thiourea (N) 0.4g/l, sodium polydithio-dipropyl sulfonate (SP) 8g/l, Methylene blue 0.3g/l, OP-10 emulsifying agent 30ml/l, all the other are water.
(2) preparation of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite
Commercial-purity aluminium is melted under 710 ℃ and is incubated 1.0 hours; Adding accounts for the thomel that has metal plating of molten aluminium quality 3% and stirs in molten aluminium; Carbon fiber length is 3mm; Churning time is 3 minutes, and stirring velocity is 1500 rev/mins, prepares the equally distributed molten aluminium of thomel.
(3) preparation of alumina-based foam material
The above-mentioned molten aluminium that contains thomel is cooled to 680 ℃, adds the titanium hydride account for the thomel that has metal plating and molten aluminium total mass 1.2% and stir, the titanium hydride granularity is 74 μ m.Churning time is 3 minutes, and stirring velocity is 3000 rev/mins.Thermal insulation foaming was 6 minutes after stirring was accomplished.Take out and cool off and to obtain the carbon fiber reinforced alumina-based foam material.
In the preparation process (2) of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composite; Among the thomel that has metal plating is added into aluminium alloy melt and after the stirring completion; In melt, add the calcium metal that accounts for molten aluminium quality 1%, perhaps add the MAGNESIUM METAL 99 that accounts for molten aluminium quality 1%.
After the carbon fiber filament that will have a metal plating is cut into the short carbon fiber of desired length, adopt electroless plating that short carbon fiber is carried out the secondary plating, so that two exposed end epicranium metallic coppers cover.Method is identical with embodiment 5 carbon fiber surface electroless platings.
Prepare in the process at alumina-based foam material, titanium hydride joins the bottom of molten aluminium via hollow stir shaft.After being moved out of process furnace, molten aluminium directly foaming in original process furnace to be foamed after stir accomplishing, thermal insulation foaming fill liquid foam when accomplishing crucible adopts the immersion cooling.The crucible that holds molten aluminium adopts ferrous material to process.

Claims (12)

1.一种铝基泡沫材料的制备方法，其特征在于步骤如下：1. A preparation method for an aluminum-based foam material, characterized in that the steps are as follows: (1)碳纤维的表面处理(1) Surface treatment of carbon fiber 碳纤维的表面处理的方法采用以下两种方法中的一种：The method of surface treatment of carbon fiber adopts one of the following two methods: ①电镀法① Electroplating method 将碳纤维原丝在350～450℃下的空气气氛中加热20～40分钟，然后浸入质量浓度20～40％的硝酸中煮沸10～30分钟，再用去离子水冲洗至中性，放入电镀液中进行电沉积，在碳纤维表面镀覆一层金属铜或金属镍，然后将碳纤维长丝剪成所需长度的短碳纤维待用；Heat the carbon fiber precursors in an air atmosphere at 350-450°C for 20-40 minutes, then immerse them in nitric acid with a mass concentration of 20-40% and boil for 10-30 minutes, then rinse them with deionized water until neutral, and put them in the electroplating Electrodeposition is carried out in the liquid, and a layer of metal copper or metal nickel is plated on the surface of the carbon fiber, and then the carbon fiber filament is cut into a short carbon fiber of the required length for use; ②化学镀法② Electroless plating method 将碳纤维原丝在350～450℃下的空气气氛中加热10～20分钟，然后浸入质量浓度20～40％的硝酸中煮沸10～20分钟，再用去离子水冲洗至中性；再将碳纤维放入浓度10～20g/l SnCl2水溶液中进行敏化处理，浸泡5～10分钟，取出洗净；将敏化后的碳纤维浸入AgNO32～5g/l、NH3·H2O 6～8ml/l的AgNO3和NH3·H2O的混合水溶液中进行活化处理，浸泡5～10分钟，取出洗净；最后将活化后的碳纤维放入质量浓度1％HCHO水溶液中浸泡30～60秒，取出后放入化学镀镀液中开始化学沉积，在碳纤维表面镀覆一层金属铜或金属镍，然后将碳纤维长丝剪成所需长度的短碳纤维待用；Heat the carbon fiber precursors in an air atmosphere at 350-450°C for 10-20 minutes, then immerse them in nitric acid with a mass concentration of 20-40% and boil for 10-20 minutes, then rinse them with deionized water until neutral; Put it into 10-20g/l SnCl 2 aqueous solution for sensitization treatment, soak for 5-10 minutes, take it out and wash it; immerse the sensitized carbon fiber in AgNO 3 2-5g/l, NH 3 ·H 2 O 6- Activation treatment in a mixed aqueous solution of 8ml/l AgNO 3 and NH 3 ·H 2 O, soak for 5-10 minutes, take out and wash; finally put the activated carbon fiber in 1% HCHO aqueous solution for 30-60 Seconds, take it out and put it into the electroless plating solution to start chemical deposition, plate a layer of metal copper or metal nickel on the surface of the carbon fiber, and then cut the carbon fiber filament into a short carbon fiber of the required length for use; (2)碳纤维增强铝基复合材料的制备(2) Preparation of carbon fiber reinforced aluminum matrix composites 将工业纯铝或铝合金在700℃～780℃下熔化并保温0.5～1.5小时，向铝或铝合金熔体中加入占工业纯铝或铝合金质量1～10％的带有金属镀层的碳纤维并搅拌均匀，碳纤维长度为1～10mm，制备出碳纤维均匀分布的铝或铝合金熔体；Melt industrial pure aluminum or aluminum alloy at 700°C-780°C and keep it warm for 0.5-1.5 hours, add carbon fiber with metal coating accounting for 1-10% of the mass of industrial pure aluminum or aluminum alloy to the aluminum or aluminum alloy melt And stir evenly, the length of carbon fiber is 1-10mm, and prepare aluminum or aluminum alloy melt with uniform distribution of carbon fiber; (3)铝基泡沫材料的制备(3) Preparation of aluminum-based foam material 将上述含有碳纤维的铝或铝合金熔体降温至680℃～700℃，加入占带有金属镀层的碳纤维和熔体总质量0.5～2％的氢化钛并搅拌均匀，搅拌时间为2～6分钟，搅拌速度为1000～4000转/分，氢化钛粒度为38～147μm，发泡后取出并冷却得到碳纤维增强的铝基泡沫材料。Cool the aluminum or aluminum alloy melt containing carbon fiber to 680°C-700°C, add 0.5-2% titanium hydride accounting for the total mass of the carbon fiber with metal coating and the melt, and stir evenly for 2-6 minutes , the stirring speed is 1000-4000 rpm, the particle size of titanium hydride is 38-147 μm, after foaming, it is taken out and cooled to obtain a carbon fiber-reinforced aluminum-based foam material. 2.按照权利要求1所述的铝基泡沫材料的制备方法，其特征在于步骤(1)中，采用电镀法在碳纤维表面镀铜的工艺条件如下：2. according to the preparation method of aluminum-based foam material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in step (1), adopt electroplating method to be as follows in the process condition of carbon fiber surface copper plating: 电镀液成分为CuSO4·5H2O：60～200g/l，H2SO4：100～180g/l，添加剂：1～5ml/l，其余为水；镀液温度为10℃～20℃，电压为1V～2V，电镀时间为4～10min，使用质量浓度1～2％的硼酸对镀铜碳纤维进行浸泡处理；添加剂组成为：2-巯基苯并咪唑0.1～0.3g/l，乙撑硫脲0.2～0.4g/l，聚二硫二丙烷磺酸钠5～8g/l，甲基蓝0.3～0.6g/l，OP-10乳化剂30～50ml/l，其余为水。The composition of the electroplating solution is CuSO 4 5H 2 O: 60-200g/l, H 2 SO 4 : 100-180g/l, additives: 1-5ml/l, and the rest is water; the temperature of the plating solution is 10°C-20°C, The voltage is 1V-2V, the electroplating time is 4-10min, and the copper-plated carbon fiber is soaked with boric acid with a mass concentration of 1-2%; the additive composition is: 2-mercaptobenzimidazole 0.1-0.3g/l, ethylene sulfide Urea 0.2-0.4g/l, sodium polydithiodipropane sulfonate 5-8g/l, methylene blue 0.3-0.6g/l, OP-10 emulsifier 30-50ml/l, the rest is water. 3.按照权利要求1所述的铝基泡沫材料的制备方法，其特征在于步骤(1)中，采用电镀法在碳纤维表面镀镍的工艺条件如下：3. according to the preparation method of the described aluminum base foam material of claim 1, it is characterized in that in step (1), adopt electroplating method to be as follows in the process condition of carbon fiber surface nickel plating: 电镀液成分为NiSO4·6H2O：300～400g/l，硼酸35～45g/l，添加剂40～60ml/l，其余为水；电流密度为0.2～0.4A/dm2，镀液温度：10℃～20℃，电镀时间为3～7min；添加剂组成为：NaCl 90～110g/l，苯磺酸钠1～3g/l，十二烷基硫酸钠1～3g/l，二乙氨基戊炔二醇0.2～0.6g/l，其余为水。The composition of the electroplating solution is NiSO 4 6H 2 O: 300-400g/l, boric acid 35-45g/l, additive 40-60ml/l, and the rest is water; the current density is 0.2-0.4A/dm 2 , the temperature of the plating solution is: 10℃～20℃, the electroplating time is 3～7min; the additive composition is: NaCl 90～110g/l, sodium benzenesulfonate 1～3g/l, sodium lauryl sulfate 1～3g/l, diethylaminopentyl Alkyne diol 0.2 ~ 0.6g/l, the rest is water. 4.按照权利要求1所述的铝基泡沫材料的制备方法，其特征在于步骤(1)中，采用化学镀法在碳纤维表面镀铜的工艺条件如下：4. according to the preparation method of aluminum base foam material as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that in step (1), adopt electroless plating method to be as follows in the processing condition of carbon fiber surface copper plating: 镀液温度为20℃～40℃，施镀时间为15～30min；镀液成分为CuSO4·5H2O 15～20g/l，乙二胺四乙酸二钠20～30g/l，酒石酸钾钠10～20g/l，NaOH 10～20g/l，2，2′-联吡啶30～50mg/l，亚铁氰化钾60～80mg/l，甲醛15～20ml/l，其余为水，使用质量浓度1～2％的硼酸对镀铜碳纤维进行浸泡处理并烘干。The temperature of the plating solution is 20°C-40°C, and the plating time is 15-30min; the composition of the plating solution is CuSO 4 5H 2 O 15-20g/l, disodium edetate 20-30g/l, potassium sodium tartrate 10～20g/l, NaOH 10～20g/l, 2,2′-bipyridine 30～50mg/l, potassium ferrocyanide 60～80mg/l, formaldehyde 15～20ml/l, the rest is water, use quality The boric acid with a concentration of 1-2% is used to soak the copper-plated carbon fiber and dry it. 5.按照权利要求1所述的铝基泡沫材料的制备方法，其特征在于步骤(1)中，采用化学镀法在碳纤维表面镀镍的工艺条件如下：5. according to the preparation method of aluminum base foam material as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that in step (1), adopt electroless plating method to be as follows in the technological condition of carbon fiber surface nickel plating: 镀液温度为40℃～60℃，pH为4.0～6.0，施镀时间为15～30min；镀液成分为NiSO4·6H2O25～35g/l，NaH2PO2·H2O 15～25g/l，柠檬酸钠25～35g/l，醋酸纳15～25g/l，乳酸15～25ml/l，添加剂为4.0～6.0ml/l，其余为水；添加剂的组成为：苯磺酸钠3～8g/l，二乙基己基硫酸钠1～3g/l，其余为水。The temperature of the plating solution is 40°C-60°C, the pH is 4.0-6.0, and the plating time is 15-30 minutes; the composition of the plating solution is NiSO 4 ·6H 2 O 25-35g/l, NaH 2 PO 2 ·H 2 O 15-25g /l, sodium citrate 25-35g/l, sodium acetate 15-25g/l, lactic acid 15-25ml/l, additive 4.0-6.0ml/l, and the rest is water; the composition of the additive is: sodium benzenesulfonate 3 ～8g/l, sodium diethylhexyl sulfate 1～3g/l, the rest is water. 6.按照权利要求1所述的铝基泡沫材料的制备方法，其特征在于步骤(2)中，在工业纯铝或铝合金熔化后，向熔体中加入占工业纯铝或铝合金质量0.5～1％的金属钙，或者加入占工业纯铝或铝合金质量0.5～1％的金属镁，或者加入占工业纯铝或铝合金质量0.5～1％的钙同时加入占工业纯铝或铝合金质量0.5～1％的镁，搅拌混合均匀。6. According to the preparation method of aluminum-based foam material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that in step (2), after industrial pure aluminum or aluminum alloy is melted, add 0.5% of the mass of industrial pure aluminum or aluminum alloy to the melt ~1% calcium metal, or adding 0.5-1% magnesium metal accounting for industrial pure aluminum or aluminum alloy mass, or adding 0.5-1% calcium accounting for industrial pure aluminum or aluminum alloy mass while adding industrial pure aluminum or aluminum alloy 0.5-1% magnesium by mass, stirred and mixed evenly. 7.按照权利要求1所述的铝基泡沫材料的制备方法，其特征在于步骤(2)中，在带有金属镀层的碳纤维被加入到铝或铝合金熔体之中并搅拌完成之后，向熔体中加入占工业纯铝或铝合金质量0.5～1％的金属钙，或者加入占工业纯铝或铝合金质量0.5～1％的金属镁，或者加入占工业纯铝或铝合金质量0.5～1％的钙同时加入占工业纯铝或铝合金质量0.5～1％的镁，搅拌混合均匀。7. according to the preparation method of the described aluminum-based foam material of claim 1, it is characterized in that in step (2), after the carbon fiber with metal coating is added among aluminum or aluminum alloy melt and stirring is finished, to Add 0.5-1% of the mass of industrial pure aluminum or aluminum alloy to the melt, or add metal magnesium, accounting for 0.5-1% of the mass of industrial pure aluminum or aluminum alloy, or add 0.5-1% of the mass of industrial pure aluminum or aluminum alloy. 1% of calcium is added at the same time as 0.5-1% of the mass of industrial pure aluminum or aluminum alloy, and the mixture is evenly mixed. 8.按照权利要求1所述的铝基泡沫材料的制备方法，其特征在于步骤(2)中，搅拌时间为3～10分钟，搅拌速度为800～1500转/分。8. The method for preparing aluminum-based foam material according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (2), the stirring time is 3-10 minutes, and the stirring speed is 800-1500 rpm. 9.按照权利要求1所述的铝基泡沫材料的制备方法，其特征在于采用的铝合金是6063铝合金、ZL201铝合金、2024铝合金或A356铝合金。9. The method for preparing an aluminum-based foam material according to claim 1, wherein the aluminum alloy used is 6063 aluminum alloy, ZL201 aluminum alloy, 2024 aluminum alloy or A356 aluminum alloy. 10.按照权利要求1所述的铝基泡沫材料的制备方法，其特征在于步骤(1)中，将带有金属镀层的碳纤维长丝剪成所需长度的短碳纤维后，对短碳纤维进行二次镀覆，使两个裸露端头被金属铜或镍所覆盖。10. according to the preparation method of the described aluminum-based foam material of claim 1, it is characterized in that in step (1), after the carbon fiber filament with metal coating is cut into the short carbon fiber of required length, short carbon fiber is carried out two Secondary plating, so that the two exposed ends are covered with metallic copper or nickel. 11.按照权利要求1所述的铝基泡沫材料的制备方法，其特征在于步骤(3)中，氢化钛加入到旋转的铝或铝合金熔体表面，或经由空心的搅拌轴加入到铝或铝合金熔体的底部，搅拌完成后待发泡的铝或铝合金熔体在原有加热炉内直接发泡，或转移至另一恒温炉内进行发泡，保温发泡完成时盛有液态泡沫的坩锅被移出加热炉后，浸水冷却或强制风冷，盛放铝或铝合金熔体的坩锅采用铁质材料制成。11. according to the preparation method of the described aluminum-based foam material of claim 1, it is characterized in that in step (3), titanium hydride joins the aluminum or aluminum alloy melt surface of rotation, or joins aluminum or aluminum alloy via hollow stirring shaft The bottom of the aluminum alloy melt. After the stirring is completed, the aluminum or aluminum alloy melt to be foamed is directly foamed in the original heating furnace, or transferred to another constant temperature furnace for foaming. When the heat preservation and foaming are completed, there is liquid foam After the crucible is removed from the heating furnace, it is cooled by immersion in water or forced air cooling, and the crucible containing aluminum or aluminum alloy melt is made of iron material. 12.按照权利要求1所述的铝基泡沫材料的制备方法，其特征在于步骤(3)中，搅拌完成后保温发泡3～8分钟。12. The method for preparing aluminum-based foam material according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (3), after the stirring is completed, the foaming is kept for 3-8 minutes.
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