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CN101775498A - Pretreatment method of copper anode mud - Google Patents

Pretreatment method of copper anode mud Download PDF

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CN101775498A
CN101775498A CN201019060009A CN201019060009A CN101775498A CN 101775498 A CN101775498 A CN 101775498A CN 201019060009 A CN201019060009 A CN 201019060009A CN 201019060009 A CN201019060009 A CN 201019060009A CN 101775498 A CN101775498 A CN 101775498A
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copper
leaching
copper anode
tellurium
alkaline
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CN101775498B (en
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刘伟锋
杨天足
王安
文剑锋
张杜超
刘伟
任晋
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Central South University
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Abstract

一种铜阳极泥的预处理方法,本发明先将铜阳极泥经过筛分和热水洗涤后,在碱性氢氧化钠体系进行加压氧化浸出,硒和砷被氧化进入碱性浸出液,铜和碲被氧化进入碱性浸出渣,碱性浸出渣再用硫酸溶液浸出铜和碲,贵金属富集在酸性浸出渣。本发明硒和砷的浸出率都达到99%以上,硒和砷的脱除完全,便于集中回收,解决了砷在整个铜阳极泥处理工艺中的分散问题;铜的浸出率达到98%以上,碲的浸出率达到78%以上,铜和碲脱除效果好,提高了碲的回收率,利于后续工序处理;设备腐蚀小、操作安全、贵金属富集比高、综合回收效益好;劳动强度低、处理时间短、操作环境好。

Figure 201019060009

A pretreatment method for copper anode slime. In the invention, the copper anode slime is sieved and washed with hot water, and then subjected to pressurized oxidation leaching in an alkaline sodium hydroxide system. Selenium and arsenic are oxidized into the alkaline leaching solution, and copper and tellurium are oxidized into the alkaline leaching residue, and the alkaline leaching residue is then leached with sulfuric acid solution for copper and tellurium, and the precious metal is enriched in the acidic leaching residue. The selenium and arsenic leaching rates of the present invention both reach more than 99%, the selenium and arsenic are completely removed, are convenient for centralized recovery, and solve the problem of arsenic dispersion in the entire copper anode slime treatment process; the copper leaching rate reaches more than 98%, The leaching rate of tellurium reaches more than 78%, the removal effect of copper and tellurium is good, the recovery rate of tellurium is improved, and it is beneficial to the subsequent process treatment; the equipment is less corroded, the operation is safe, the enrichment ratio of precious metals is high, and the comprehensive recovery benefit is good; the labor intensity is low , Short processing time, good operating environment.

Figure 201019060009

Description

A kind of pretreatment process of copper anode mud
Technical field the present invention relates to hydrometallurgy process in the field of metallurgy, particularly the Wet-process metallurgy method of pre-treatment copper anode mud effectively.
The background technology copper anode mud is the product of blister copper electrorefining process, mainly contains metals such as gold and silver, platinum metals, copper, selenium, tellurium, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, lead, nickel, is the important source material of extracting precious metal.In order to extract the precious metal in the copper anode mud, need other earlier that content is high than precious metal base metal to separate and recovery, promptly before extracting precious metal, copper anode mud is carried out pre-treatment, remove, and then extract Jin Heyin with pyrogenic process or wet method to the big foreign metal of precious metal leaching process influence.
No matter be from copper anode mud, to extract precious metal with pyrogenic process or wet method, influencing bigger foreign metal mainly is arsenic, selenium, copper and tellurium etc., pretreated purpose is to remove these metals from copper anode mud, its major cause is: the one, and copper anode mud is in the pyrometallurgical smelting process, precious metal easily forms sulfonium mutually with selenium, tellurium and copper etc., causes precious metal to disperse, and the metal direct yield is low, arsenic is dispersed in each intermediate product in follow-up pyrogenic attack process in addition, has strengthened and has focused on difficulty; The 2nd, precious metals containing lead cupric, selenium and tellurium make the converting process lengthening when contour, and reagent consumption increase, energy consumption increase; The 3rd, copper, selenium, tellurium and arsenic etc. form intermetallic compound with precious metal in the copper anode mud, cause precious metal dissolving weak effect in the wet processing process, and the precious metal direct yield is low; The 4th, arsenic, selenium, copper and tellurium etc. easily enter the gold and silver purification process, influence the gold and silver quality product; So, no matter be with the precious metal in pyrogenic process or the wet method extraction copper anode mud, must remove these foreign metals in advance, to improve the precious metal rate of recovery, shorten treating processes, to improve the gold and silver quality product.
The research of the pretreatment process of relevant copper anode mud is a lot, mainly contain methods such as atmospheric oxidation decopper(ing) method, oxidizing roasting method, sulfurization roasting method, soda roasting method, sulfuric acid system pressure oxidation leaching-out method, beneficiation enrichment method, at present three kinds of sulfating roasting method, pressure oxidation acidleach method and beneficiation enrichment methods are arranged at the pretreatment process of industrial extensive employing.
The sulfating roasting method is that copper anode mud is mixed the back at the revolution roasting in kilns with the vitriol oil, makes selenolite change into volatile SeO 2And reclaim with the form of thick selenium, copper changes into the copper sulfate of solubility, uses the diluted acid dissolved copper again; This method has that maturing temperature is low, selenium and copper decreasing ratio advantages of higher, but the shortcoming that exists is that equipment corrosion is fast, aided process long, environmental pollution is serious, the arsenic scattering problem is outstanding.Pressure oxidation acidleach method is to adopt the mode of High Temperature High Pressure to strengthen the decopper(ing) reaction process at sulfuric acid system, and the leaching yield of this method copper reaches more than 98%, is attended by the dissolving of metals such as a spot of silver, selenium, tellurium, arsenic simultaneously; The advantage of this method is that copper decreasing ratio height, technological process are short, but has shortcomings such as equipment is perishable, the selen-tellurjum decreasing ratio is low, the arsenic scattering problem is outstanding.Floating and enriching method is that flotation was handled after copper anode mud adopted the atmospheric oxidation decopper(ing), base metals such as most of lead, antimony are separated with precious metal, gold and silver, selenium, tellurium and platinum metals etc. are enriched in the silver preparation concentrate, the silver preparation concentrate argentiferous that obtains reaches more than 50%, normal combining with copper anode mud pyrogenic attack process of this method is called selecting smelting combination technology, adopts roasting method to make selenium with tin anhydride volatilization recovery before retailoring again; This method have concentration of precious metal than high, technological process short, low cost and other advantages, but drawbacks limit such as big, the comprehensive recovering effect difference of its wastewater flow rate the popularization of this method.
Summary of the invention the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of copper anode mud of pre-treatment effectively and removes arsenic, selenium, tellurium and copper, and the free of contamination Wet-process metallurgy method of process.
The technical solution used in the present invention is in order to achieve the above object: after screening of copper anode mud process and the hot wash, carrying out pressure oxidation in alkaline hydrogen sodium oxide system leaches, selenium and arsenic is oxidized to enter alkaline leach liquor, copper and tellurium be oxidized to enter alkaline leached mud, the alkalescence leached mud leaches copper and tellurium with sulphuric acid soln again, and concentration of precious metal is at acid leached mud.
Concrete technological process and processing parameter are as follows:
1 screening and washing
With copper anode mud 70~90 ℃ of hot water pulping and washing of temperature, keeping the liquid-solid ratio ratio L/kg of solid weight (liquid volume with) is 3~8: 1 and reaction times 1~2h, before the solid-liquid separation with the aperture be the sieve screening of 150~840um to remove the large inclusionses such as blister copper in the copper anode mud, wash water send sulfuric acid leaching dosing.
2 alkaline pressure oxidations are leached
Copper anode mud concentration after the washing is 0.5~2.5molL -1The sodium hydroxide solution pulp, the liquid-solid ratio ratio of solid weight (liquid volume with) is 3~10: 1, slurry is joined in the autoclave after stirring 0.5~2h; At the reactor packing volume than (slurry volume/reactor volume) 0.5~0.9 and stirring velocity 500~1000rmin -1Condition under slowly be warming up to 150~250 ℃, aerating oxygen, adjusting oxygen partial pressure is 0.5~1.5MPa reaction, 2~6h; Begin cooling after reaching the reaction times, when temperature is reduced to below 60 ℃, emit slurry and solid-liquid separation, obtain alkaline leach liquor and alkaline leached mud, the main chemical reactions of generation is as follows:
2Se+4NaOH+3O 2↑=2Na 2SeO 4+2H 2O (1)
Ag 2Se+2NaOH+2O 2↑=Na 2SeO 4+Ag 2O+H 2O (2)
2Cu 2Se+4NaOH+5O 2↑=2Na 2SeO 4+4CuO+2H 2O (3)
CuS+2NaOH+O 2↑=CuO+Na 2SO 4+H 2O (4)
Ag 2Te+2NaOH+2O 2↑=Na 2O·TeO 3↓+Ag 2O+H 2O (5)
2Cu 2Te+4NaOH+5O 2↑=Na 2O·TeO 3↓+4CuO+2H 2O (6)
Sb 2O 3+2NaOH+O 2↑=2NaSbO 3↓+H 2O (7)
As 2O 3+2NaOH+O 2↑=2NaAsO 3+H 2O (8)
3 sulfuric acid leach
The agitation leach in sulphuric acid soln of alkalescence leached mud, sulphuric acid soln is prepared with the wash water and the sulfuric acid of copper anode mud, and sulphuric acid soln concentration is 1.5~3.5molL -1, the liquid-solid ratio ratio L/kg of solid weight (liquid volume with) is 3~10: 1, stirring velocity 300~600rmin -1, 35~90 ℃ of temperature condition under react 2~6h, obtain acid leaching solution and acid leached mud, acid leached mud reclaims precious metal, acid leaching solution reclaims the main chemical reactions that copper and tellurium take place and is:
CuO+H 2SO 4=CuSO 4+H 2O (9)
Na 2O·TeO 3+H 2SO 4=H 2TeO 4+Na 2SO 4 (10)
Ag 2O+2H 2SO 4=2AgHSO 4+H 2O (11)
Described sodium hydroxide, oxygen and sulfuric acid are technical grade reagent.
Compare with traditional copper anode mud pretreatment process, the present invention has following advantage: alkaline pressure oxidation leaching process, the leaching yield of selenium and arsenic all reach more than 99%, and removing of selenium and arsenic is complete, be convenient to concentrate and reclaim, solved the scattering problem of arsenic in whole copper anode mud treatment process; When alkalescence leached mud sulfuric acid leached, the leaching yield of copper reached more than 98%, and the leaching yield of tellurium reaches more than 78%, and copper and tellurium removal effect are good, have improved the rate of recovery of tellurium, was beneficial to subsequent handling and handled; Adopt the alkaline system pressure oxidation to leach, equipment corrosion is little, operational safety, concentration of precious metal than high, comprehensively reclaim profitable; Labour intensity is low, the treatment time is short, good operational environment.
The present invention is applicable to the copper anode mud of handling blister copper electrorefining process output, and its main component scope is (%): Au 0.01~1.5, Ag2.0~20, Cu10~25, Pb5~15, As0.5~10, Sb1.5~8.0, Se1.5~10 and Te0.5~5.09 by weight percentage; Also be suitable for handling materials such as the electrolytic anode sludge of composition brass.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: process flow diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Copper anode mud is to wash 1~2h under 4: 1 the condition at liquid-solid ratio L/kg with 80 ℃ hot water, with the aperture is that the screen cloth of 500um sifts out the large inclusions after-filtration, washing back copper anode mud is standby after 80 ℃ of oven dry, and the copper anode mud main component is (%): Cu13.33, Ag9.71, Au0.153, As4.3, Se4.11, Te0.94, Pb10.45 and Sb3.39 by weight percentage.
Preparation 2mol/L sodium hydroxide solution 750ml, the copper anode mud of adding 150g mentioned component joins in the 1000ml stainless steel autoclave behind the stirring 0.5h, adjusts stirring velocity to 800rmin -1Slowly be warming up to 200 ℃ then, treat that the stable back of temperature and pressure feeds industrial oxygen, keep oxygen partial pressure 0.7MPa reaction 3h down, feed cooling water temperature after reaching the reaction times, when bulk temperature is reduced to below 60 ℃, emit slurry and filtration, leached mud washing back oven dry is weighed, the heavy 112.2g of alkalescence leached mud, its main component is (%): Cu17.68, Ag13.12, Au0.212, As0.035, Se0.041, Te1.15, Pb11.45 and Sb4.23 by weight percentage, and the leaching yield of arsenic and selenium is respectively 99.39% and 99.27%.
With the sulphuric acid soln 500ml of copper anode mud wash water preparation 3mol/L, low whipping speed 450rmin -1Condition under add alkaline leached mud, keep 85 ℃ of reactions of temperature 2h, filter then, leached mud washes the back oven dry with water and weighs, the heavy 87.75g of acid leached mud, its main component is (%): Cu0.35, Ag15.34, Au0.262, As0.045, Se0.05, Te0.35, Pb14.75 and Sb4.87 by weight percentage, and the leaching yield of copper and tellurium is respectively 98.46% and 78.22%, and the leaching yield of silver is 7.58%.
Embodiment 2:
Copper anode mud is to wash 1~2h under 5: 1 the condition at liquid-solid ratio L/kg with 80 ℃ hot water, with the aperture is that the screen cloth of 600um sifts out the large inclusions after-filtration, washing back copper anode mud is standby after 80 ℃ of oven dry, and the copper anode mud main component is (%): Cu8.47, Ag10.86, Au0.17, As4.25, Se4.92, Te1.95, Pb26.27 and Sb5.00 by weight percentage;
Preparation 1.8mol/L sodium hydroxide solution 900ml, the copper anode mud of adding 150g mentioned component joins in the 1000ml stainless steel autoclave behind the stirring 0.5h, adjusts stirring velocity to 900rmin -1Slowly be warming up to 225 ℃ then, treat that the stable back of temperature and pressure feeds industrial oxygen, keep oxygen partial pressure 0.8MPa reaction 3h down, feed cooling water temperature after reaching the reaction times, when bulk temperature is reduced to below 60 ℃, emit slurry and filtration, leached mud washing back oven dry is weighed, the heavy 115g of alkalescence leached mud, its main component is (%): Cu11.18, Ag14.32, Au0.22, As0.038, Se0.05, Te2.55, Pb32.45 and Sb6.48 by weight percentage, and the leaching yield of arsenic and selenium is respectively 99.31% and 99.22%.
With the sulphuric acid soln 500ml of copper anode mud wash water preparation 3.2mol/L, low whipping speed 450rmin -1Condition under add alkaline leached mud, keep 80 ℃ of reactions of temperature 2h, filter then, leached mud washes the back oven dry with water and weighs, the heavy 90g of acid leached mud, its main component is (%): Cu0.25, Ag16.50, Au0.28, As0.05, Se0.07, Te0.47, Pb34.58 and Sb7.48 by weight percentage, and the leaching yield of copper and tellurium is respectively 98.23% and 85.54%, and the leaching yield of silver is 8.84%.

Claims (1)

1.一种铜阳极泥的预处理方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:1. a pretreatment method of copper anode slime is characterized in that comprising the following steps: a.筛分和水洗a. Screening and washing 将铜阳极泥用温度为70~90℃的热水浆化洗涤,保持液固比L/kg为3~8∶1,反应时间1~2h,固液分离前用孔径为150~840um的筛筛分以除去铜阳极泥中的粗铜大颗粒夹杂物,洗水送硫酸浸出配液;Slurry and wash the copper anode slime with hot water at a temperature of 70-90°C, keep the liquid-solid ratio L/kg at 3-8:1, react for 1-2 hours, and use a sieve with a pore size of 150-840um before solid-liquid separation Sieve to remove large copper inclusions in copper anode slime, wash water and send sulfuric acid leaching solution; b.碱性加压氧化浸出b. Alkaline pressure oxidation leaching 水洗后的铜阳极泥用浓度为0.5~2.5mol·L-1的氢氧化钠溶液浆化,液固比L/kg为3~10∶1,搅拌0.5~2h后将浆料加入到高压反应釜中;在反应釜填充体积比,即浆料体积/反应釜容积为0.5~0.9,搅拌速度500~1000r·min-1的条件下缓慢升温至150~250℃,通入氧气,调整氧分压为0.5~1.5MPa反应2~6h;达到反应时间后开始降温,当温度降低至60℃以下时,放出浆料并固液分离,得到碱性浸出液和碱性浸出渣,碱性浸出液回收硒、砷;The washed copper anode slime is slurried with a sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 0.5-2.5 mol L -1 , the liquid-solid ratio L/kg is 3-10:1, and the slurry is added to the high-pressure reaction after stirring for 0.5-2 hours In the kettle; under the conditions of the filling volume ratio of the reactor, that is, the volume of the slurry/the volume of the reactor, is 0.5-0.9, and the stirring speed is 500-1000r·min -1 , the temperature is slowly raised to 150-250°C, and oxygen is introduced to adjust the oxygen content. The pressure is 0.5-1.5MPa and the reaction is 2-6 hours; after the reaction time is reached, the temperature starts to drop. When the temperature drops below 60°C, the slurry is released and the solid-liquid separation is obtained to obtain alkaline leaching solution and alkaline leaching slag, and the alkaline leaching solution recovers selenium ,arsenic; c.硫酸浸出c. Sulfuric acid leaching 将上一步得到的碱性浸出渣在硫酸溶液中搅拌浸出,硫酸溶液用铜阳极泥的洗水和硫酸配制,硫酸溶液浓度为1.5~3.5mol·L-1、液固比L/kg为3~10∶1、搅拌速度300~600r·min-1、温度35~90℃的条件下反应2~6h,得到酸性浸出液和酸性浸出渣,酸性浸出渣回收贵金属,酸性浸出液回收铜和碲。The alkaline leaching residue obtained in the previous step is stirred and leached in sulfuric acid solution. The sulfuric acid solution is prepared with copper anode slime washing water and sulfuric acid. ~10:1, stirring speed 300~600r·min -1 , temperature 35~90℃, react for 2~6 hours to obtain acid leaching solution and acid leaching residue, acid leaching residue recovers precious metals, and acid leaching solution recovers copper and tellurium.
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CN101928838A (en) * 2010-09-08 2010-12-29 中南大学 A method for removing and recovering arsenic from lead anode slime
CN101935761A (en) * 2010-08-03 2011-01-05 中南大学 A method for separating copper and selenium tellurium from lead copper matte
CN102060275A (en) * 2010-11-12 2011-05-18 清远先导稀有材料有限公司 Method for treating precious metal-selenium raw material
CN102409165A (en) * 2011-11-24 2012-04-11 湖南展泰有色金属有限公司 Gradient dearsenification method for high-arsenic metallurgical waste
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CN101935761A (en) * 2010-08-03 2011-01-05 中南大学 A method for separating copper and selenium tellurium from lead copper matte
CN101928838A (en) * 2010-09-08 2010-12-29 中南大学 A method for removing and recovering arsenic from lead anode slime
CN102060275A (en) * 2010-11-12 2011-05-18 清远先导稀有材料有限公司 Method for treating precious metal-selenium raw material
CN102409165A (en) * 2011-11-24 2012-04-11 湖南展泰有色金属有限公司 Gradient dearsenification method for high-arsenic metallurgical waste
CN102732729A (en) * 2012-06-27 2012-10-17 金川集团有限公司 Method for removing nickel and copper from high nickel copper anode mud
CN103320616A (en) * 2013-06-07 2013-09-25 东北大学 Method for recovering copper through copper anode mud supersonic pretreatment
CN103468959A (en) * 2013-10-10 2013-12-25 郴州市金贵银业股份有限公司 Method for treating high-arsenic, high-selenium and high-tellurium anode mud through oxygen pressure
CN103725892A (en) * 2013-12-13 2014-04-16 金川集团股份有限公司 Method for recycling valuable metals from precious smelting slag
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