CN101743008A - 用于治疗或预防登革热感染的抗病毒药 - Google Patents
用于治疗或预防登革热感染的抗病毒药 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101743008A CN101743008A CN200880017049A CN200880017049A CN101743008A CN 101743008 A CN101743008 A CN 101743008A CN 200880017049 A CN200880017049 A CN 200880017049A CN 200880017049 A CN200880017049 A CN 200880017049A CN 101743008 A CN101743008 A CN 101743008A
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- Prior art keywords
- phenyl
- acetamide
- oxo
- diethyl amino
- amino sulfonyl
- Prior art date
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Abstract
本发明公开了用于治疗病毒感染的化合物、方法和药物,通过给予治疗有效量的某些化合物进行。还公开了制备化合物的方法以及使用化合物及其药物组合物的方法。特别地,公开了治疗和预防病毒感染诸如由黄病毒引起的病毒感染,所述黄病毒包括但不限于登革热病毒,西尼罗河热病毒,黄热病病毒,日本脑炎病毒和由蜱传播的脑炎病毒。
Description
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求2007年5月23日提交的美国临时申请60/924,628的优先权,该文献全文被并入本文作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及使用苯磺酰胺衍生物和类似物以及包含它们的组合物治疗或预防与黄病毒科有关的病毒病,诸如登革热,黄热病,西尼罗河热,圣路易脑炎,丙型肝炎,墨累河谷脑炎和日本脑炎。
背景技术
登革热(DF)是由四种密切相关的病毒血清型(DEN-1,DEN-2,DEN-3和DEN-4)中的一种所引起的急性热病。登革热根据其临床特征被分类为:典型登革热,或更严重形式即登革热出血热综合征(DHF)和登革热休克综合征(DSS)。从一种血清型感染中痊愈导致对该特定血清型终身免疫,但是对任何其它的血清型仅提供短暂的和有限的防御作用(37)。登革热是黄病毒科的成员,其是具有包膜的正意核糖核酸病毒,其人病原体还尤其包括西尼罗河热病毒(WNV),黄热病病毒(YFV),日本脑炎病毒(JEV)和由蜱传播的脑炎病毒(TBEV)。登革热传输借助于在全世界的热带和亚热带区域被发现的被感染的埃及伊蚊的叮咬所介导。
每年,登革热的区域性流行引起显著的发病率和死亡率,社群瓦解,以及在住院治疗和蚊虫防治两方面都对社会造成了实质的经济负担。登革热被世界卫生组织(WHO)认为是最重要的由节肢动物传播的病毒病,每年在全世界估计有5000万例登革热感染,包括500,000例DHF和24,000例死亡(37,38)。WHO预期世界人口的百分之四十(25亿人)处在DF、DHF和DSS的危险下(37)。登革热还是NIAID的A类病原体,并且就生物防御而言,对美国海外军队造成了严重威胁。登革热对北美洲正在造成威胁,在过去25年中,严重疾病急剧增加,包括在古巴和委内瑞拉的大流行,和在得克萨斯和夏威夷的爆发(4)。不能控制蚊虫传病媒介和长途迁移的增加都促进了登革热疾病的增加和散布。登革热作为病毒性出血热病毒的特征(由节肢动物传播,传播广泛,并能够诱导大量细胞损伤并引起导致严重的出血、休克和死亡的免疫应答)使得该病毒对被部署在全世界范围内的军事人员造成独特的威胁并且向热带地区转移。出于对生物防御和公众健康两方面的准备,由登革热带来的挑战将要求开发新的疫苗和抗病毒药治疗药。
登革热引起若干种病害,增加的严重程度部分地由在先感染不同血清型的病毒来确定。典型登革热(DF)在被感染蚊虫叮咬后3-8天开始,并且其特征为突然发热,头痛,背痛,关节痛,麻疹样皮疹,以及恶心和呕吐(21)。由于这些症状,DF通常被称作“断骨”热。该疾病在两周后通常消除,但是典型地发生痊愈时段延长,并伴有虚弱和抑郁。该疾病的更严重类型即登革热出血热(DHF)与登革热具有类似的开始和早期病情。然而,在发病后不久,该疾病的特征为高烧,肝肿大和由于血管渗透性导致出血现象,诸如从鼻、口和内脏出血(38)。在登革热休克综合征(DSS)中,发生由血渗漏导致的循环衰竭和低血容量性休克,并且如果无代替血浆的话在12-24小时内可导致死亡(38)。DHF/DSS的疾病死亡率在无治疗条件下可高达20%。DHF在许多国家是引起住院治疗和儿童死亡的主要原因,估计每年有500,000个病例要求住院治疗,并且病例死亡率为约5%(37)。
DHF/DSS的发病机理仍在研究中,但是认为其部分地是由于在巨噬细胞中由异型抗体导致病毒复制增强,被称作抗体依赖性增强(ADE)(8)。在继发传染期间,在不同血清型的登革热病毒下,未中和的交叉反应性抗体形成病毒-抗体复合物,其被单核细胞和郎格罕氏细胞(树状细胞)摄入并增加被感染细胞的数目(7)。这导致细胞毒性淋巴细胞被激活,其可引起血浆渗漏和作为DHF和DSS特征的出血特征(21)。感染的这一抗体依赖性增强是为什么开发成功的疫苗被证明是如此困难的一个原因。尽管不常发生,但是DHF/DSS可以在初次感染之后发生(33),因此病毒毒性(16)和免疫激活也被认为对所述疾病的发病机理有贡献(26)。
登革热在非洲、美洲、东地中海、东南亚和西太平洋的超过100个国家中是地方病。在流行期间,易感人群的发病率可以高达80-90%。所有四种血清型的病毒在全世界出现,增加了疾病病例数以及爆发性爆发的次数。例如,在2002年,仅在美洲就报道有1,015,420例登革热病例,其中14,374例是DHF病例,其是在1995年在美洲被报道的登革热病例数的三倍(24)。
登革热基因组,为长约11kb的线性的、单股的、传染性的、正义RNA,其被翻译成单一的长多蛋白(参见(29)中的综述)。该基因组包括七种非结构(NS)蛋白基因和三种结构蛋白基因,其编码核壳蛋白(C),膜结合蛋白(M)和包膜蛋白(E)。非结构蛋白牵涉病毒核糖核酸复制(35),病毒组装,和疾病的炎性元素(19)。结构蛋白主要牵涉病毒颗粒形成(22)。前体多蛋白被细胞蛋白酶裂解以分离结构蛋白(18),而由病毒编码的蛋白酶裂解多蛋白的非结构区域(6)。基因组被加帽并且在3′末端不具有聚腺苷酸尾部,而是代之以具有稳定的茎-环结构,其是基因组RNA稳定性和复制所必需的(3)。病毒通过E蛋白与细胞受体结合并在溶酶体中进行低pH融合后经历由受体介导的胞吞(20)。病毒基因组然后是无包膜的并且被翻译成病毒前体多蛋白。共翻译和翻译后的蛋白酶解加工分离结构蛋白和非结构蛋白。依赖于RNA的RNA聚合酶与辅助因子一起合成负链RNA,其充当用于合成后代正链RNA的模板(25)。病毒复制与膜相关(1,34)。复制之后,基因组被包被,并且被脂类包壳围绕的不成熟的病毒芽殖进入内腔(9)。包膜蛋白发生糖基化并且成熟病毒被释放到细胞外。在病毒生命周期期间的必要的阶段或过程将可能成为抗病毒药的抑制靶标,并且包括病毒通过E蛋白结合到细胞,病毒被细胞所摄入,加帽机制,病毒蛋白酶,依赖于病毒核糖核酸的核糖核酸聚合酶,和病毒蜗牛酶。
目前对涉及登革热病毒的疾病的处置仅仅依赖于病媒防治。没有被批准用于治疗或预防登革热的抗病毒药或疫苗。利巴韦林,一种鸟苷类似物,已被证明有效对抗一定范围的核糖核酸病毒感染并且在组织培养中通过抑制登革热2′-O-甲基转移酶NS5结构域而对抗登革热(2,10)。然而,利巴韦林在小鼠模型(15)或恒河猴模型(17)中不显示对登革热有防护作用,而是代之以诱导贫血症和血小板增多。尽管目前没有可用的被批准的疫苗,但是多价登革热疫苗在人中已显示一定程度的有限的可能性(5,12,13,28)。然而,疫苗开发的难题在于存在四种不同血清型的病毒,其各自都引发疾病。疫苗开发还面临ADE的挑战,其中对不同病毒株的防护作用不平等事实上可增加更严重疾病的风险。因此,需要靶向于所有血清型的登革热的抗病毒药。在登革热感染早期被给予的抗病毒药(其抑制病毒复制)将防止与DHF有关的高病毒负荷并且在疾病的治疗和预防中是有吸引力的策略。抑制病毒复制的抗病毒药可以在去登革热地方病区域之前被给予以预防患病,或者用于以前暴露于登革热下的那些人们,可预防由另一种血清型病毒引起的感染,并降低危急生命的DHF和DSS的发生。拥有抗病毒药还可通过在手边具有用于治疗并发症的用具来帮助疫苗开发,这些并发症由于针对不同血清型具有不平衡的免疫防护而出现。尽管成功的疫苗可能是有效生物防御的关键部分,但是免疫性开始的时间通常延迟,可能的副作用,成本,以及与大规模平民接种以对抗低威胁风险有关的后勤保障,暗示了全面的生物防御包括单独的快速响应元素。
因此,仍然迫切需要开发安全和有效的产品以抵御黄病毒感染。
发明内容
本发明提供了包含药学可接受的载体和由以下通式I表示的化合物或其药学可接受的盐的药物组合物:
其中R1和R2独立地为氢,烷基,烯基,炔基,或未被取代的或被取代的环烷基、芳基烷基、芳基,或者,R1和R2可一起形成被取代的或未被取代的环,其在环中可包含一个或多个杂原子;和
Ar为被取代的或未被取代的芳基或杂芳基;
所述环烷基、芳基烷基和芳基的取代基是一个或多个独立地选自以下的基团:直链或支链的烷基,烷氧基,烷氧基烷基,烷氧基烷氧基,卤素,全氟烷基,全氟烷氧基,羧基,氰基,硝基,酰胺基,酰胺基烷基,甲酰胺,烷基硫基,烷基亚磺酰基,烷基磺酰基,磺酰胺和巯基。
本发明还提供了治疗或预防病毒感染或其相关疾病的方法,包括对有需要的哺乳动物给予治疗有效量的下式I的化合物或其药学可接受的盐:
其中R1和R2独立地为氢,烷基,烯基,炔基,或未被取代的或被取代的环烷基、芳基烷基、芳基,或者,R1和R2可一起形成被取代的或未被取代的环,其在环中可包含一个或多个杂原子;和
Ar为被取代的或未被取代的芳基或杂芳基;
所述环烷基、芳基烷基和芳基的取代基是一个或多个独立地选自以下的基团:直链或支链的烷基,烷氧基,烷氧基烷基,烷氧基烷氧基,卤素,全氟烷基,全氟烷氧基,羧基,氰基,硝基,酰胺基,酰胺基烷基,甲酰胺,烷基硫基,烷基亚磺酰基,烷基磺酰基,磺酰胺和巯基。
本发明的其它目的和优点从以下的说明书和权利要求书是显而易见的。
发明详述
本发明的化合物由以下通式I表示:
其中R1和R2独立地为氢,烷基,烯基,炔基,或未被取代的或被取代的环烷基、芳基烷基、芳基,或者,R1和R2可一起形成被取代的或未被取代的环,其在环中可包含一个或多个杂原子;和
Ar为被取代的或未被取代的芳基或杂芳基;
所述环烷基、芳基烷基和芳基的取代基是一个或多个独立地选自以下的基团:直链或支链的烷基,烷氧基,烷氧基烷基,烷氧基烷氧基,卤素,全氟烷基,全氟烷氧基,羧基,氰基,硝基,酰胺基,酰胺基烷基,甲酰胺,烷基硫基,烷基亚磺酰基,烷基磺酰基,磺酰胺和巯基。
优选R1和R2各自都是乙基。还优选Ar是被单取代的苯基诸如酰胺基-苯基。酰胺基-苯基的实例包括异丁酰胺基苯基,对-[2-(4-氧代-4H-喹唑啉-3-基)-乙酰胺基]-苯基和对-[2-(4-氧代-4H-苯并[d][1,2,3]三嗪-3-基)-乙酰胺基]-苯基。还优选Ar是被二取代的苯基,一个取代基是酰胺基且另一个取代基是甲氧基。这类苯基的实例包括间-苯基-乙酰胺基-对-甲氧基-苯基和间-(3-甲基-丁酰胺基)-对-甲氧基-苯基。
式I的化合物最优选是N-(4-二乙基氨磺酰基-苯基)-2-(4-氧代-4H-喹唑啉-3-基)-乙酰胺。本发明的示例性化合物如表1所示。
本发明的方法用于治疗或预防病毒感染或其相关疾病,包括对有需要的哺乳动物给予治疗有效量的如上所述的式I的化合物。
哺乳动物优选是人,病毒感染优选是黄病毒感染。黄病毒更优选选自登革热病毒、西尼罗河热病毒、黄热病病毒、日本脑炎病毒和由蜱传播的脑炎病毒。黄病毒最优选是选自DEN-1、DEN-2、DEN-3和DEN-4的登革热病毒。
病毒感染优选与选自以下的病况有关:登革热,黄热病,西尼罗河热,圣路易脑炎,丙型肝炎,墨累河谷脑炎和日本脑炎。病毒感染最优选与登革热有关,其中所述登革热选自典型登革热、登革热出血热综合征和登革热休克综合征。
本发明的方法还可包括共同给予:a)其它抗病毒药诸如利巴韦林或西多福韦;b)疫苗;和/或c)干扰素或聚乙二醇化干扰素。
定义
根据该详细说明,应用以下的缩写和定义。必需注意的是,本文使用的单数形式包括复数所指,除非上下文清楚地表示不是这样。
本文讨论的公报仅仅被提供用于它们的公开。本文不承认对这些公报的提前发生。另外,提供的公布日期可能与真实的公布日期不同,这可能需要单独进行证实。
当提供了数值范围时,很清楚,每个居中值被包含在内。这些较小范围的上限和下限可独立地被引入到更小范围内,以所述范围内的任何被特别排除的端值为条件。当所述范围包括一个端点或两个端点时,排除了这些被包括的端值之一或二者的范围也被本发明所涵盖。还考虑了适合所述范围的任何值。
除非另有定义,否则本文使用的所有的专业术语和科技术语具有本领域普通技术人员所常规理解的相同含义。与本文所述的方法和材料类似或等价的任何方法和材料还可用于实践或试验中。本文提及的所有的公报作为参考被并入本文,用于公开和描述与该公报有关的方法和/或材料。
“患者”或“受试者”意在包括任何哺乳动物。用于治疗的“哺乳动物”是指任何被分类为哺乳动物的动物,包括但不限于人,包括大鼠、小鼠和豚鼠在内的实验动物,家畜和农畜,以及动物园动物、运动动物或玩赏动物,诸如狗、马、猫、牛等等。
本文使用的术语“效力”在长期给药方案的背景中是指具体治疗方案的有效性。效力可根据疾病过程响应药剂而发生的改变来测量。
本文使用的术语“成功”在长期给药方案的背景中是指具体治疗方案的有效性。其包括效力、毒性(例如制剂或剂量单位的副作用和患者耐受性)、患者依从性等之间的平衡。对于被认为是“成功”的长期给药方案而言,其必需在患者护理的不同方面和效力之间平衡,从而获得有利的患者预后。
本文使用的术语“治疗”等是指获得所需的药理学和生理学效果。就预防或部分预防疾病、其症状或病况而言,所述效果可以是预防性的,和/或就部分或完全治愈疾病、疾病的病况、症状或副作用而言,所述效果可以是治疗性的。本文使用的术语“治疗”覆盖了对哺乳动物诸如人中的疾病的任何治疗,并且包括:(a)预防疾病在可能倾向于患病但是还未被诊断为患病的受试者中发生,即,引起疾病的临床症状在可能倾向于患病但是尚未经历或显示疾病症状的受试者中的发展;(b)抑制疾病,即阻止或减轻疾病或其临床症状的发展;和(c)缓解疾病,即引起疾病和/或其症状或病况的消退。涵盖了治疗遭受与病理性炎症有关的疾病的患者。还涵盖了在长时段内预防、抑制或减轻由病理性炎症引起的副作用和/或在长时段内预防、抑制或减轻对生物系统中存在的不恰当的炎症的生理性应答引起的副作用。
“烯基”是指优选含2-10个碳原子和更优选含2-6个碳原子并具有至少1个和优选具有1-2个烯键不饱和度的烯基。
“烷氧基”是指基团“烷基-O-”,其包括,例如,甲氧基,乙氧基,正丙氧基,异丙氧基,正丁氧基,叔丁氧基,仲丁氧基,正戊氧基,正己氧基,1,2-二甲基丁氧基等等。
“烷基”是指含1-10个碳原子或含1-6个碳原子的直链或支链的烷基。该术语的例子为诸如甲基,叔丁基,正庚基,辛基等等。“氨基”是指基团-NH2。
“芳基”是指含6-14个碳原子并具有单一环(如苯基)或多个稠环(例如萘基或蒽基)的不饱和的芳族碳环基团,该稠环可为芳族或不为芳族(例如2-苯并噁唑啉酮,2H-1,4-苯并噁嗪-3(4H)-酮等等),条件是连结点通过芳环原子完成。“被取代的芳基”是指被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代的芳基:羟基,酰基,酰基氨基,硫代羰基氨基,酰基氧基,烷基,被取代的烷基,烷氧基,被取代的烷氧基,烯基,被取代的烯基,炔基,被取代的炔基,脒基,烷基脒基,硫脒基,氨基,氨基酰基,氨基羰基氧基,氨基羰基氨基,氨基硫代羰基氨基,芳基,被取代的芳基,芳基氧基,被取代的芳基氧基,环烷氧基,被取代的环烷氧基,杂芳基氧基,被取代的杂芳基氧基,杂环基氧基,被取代的杂环基氧基,羧基,羧基烷基,羧基-被取代的烷基,羧基-环烷基,羧基-被取代的环烷基,羧基芳基,羧基-被取代的芳基,羧基杂芳基,羧基-被取代的杂芳基,羧基杂环,羧基-被取代的杂环,羧基酰胺基,氰基,硫醇,硫烷基,被取代的硫烷基,硫芳基,被取代的硫芳基,硫杂芳基,被取代的硫杂芳基,硫环烷基,被取代的硫环烷基,硫杂环,被取代的硫杂环,环烷基,被取代的环烷基,胍基,胍基砜,卤代,硝基,杂芳基,被取代的杂芳基,杂环,被取代的杂环,环烷氧基,被取代的环烷氧基,杂芳基氧基,被取代的杂芳基氧基,杂环基氧基,被取代的杂环基氧基,氧基羰基氨基,氧基硫代羰基氨基,-S(O)2-烷基,-S(O)2-被取代的烷基,-S(O)2-环烷基,-S(O)2-被取代的环烷基,-S(O)2-烯基,-S(O)2-被取代的烯基,-S(O)2-芳基,-S(O)2-被取代的芳基,-S(O)2-杂芳基,-S(O)2-被取代的杂芳基,-S(O)2-杂环,-S(O)2-被取代的杂环,-OS(O)2-烷基,-OS(O)2-被取代的烷基,-OS(O)2-芳基,-OS(O)2-被取代的芳基,-OS(O)2-杂芳基,-OS(O)2-被取代的杂芳基,-OS(O)2-杂环,-OS(O)2-被取代的杂环,-OS(O)2-NRR,其中R是氢或烷基,-NRS(O)2-烷基,-NRS(O)2-被取代的烷基,-NRS(O)2-芳基,-NRS(O)2-被取代的芳基,-NRS(O)2-杂芳基,-NRS(O)2-被取代的杂芳基,-NRS(O)2-杂环,-NRS(O)2-被取代的杂环,-NRS(O)2-NR-烷基,-NRS(O)2-NR-被取代的烷基,-NRS(O)2-NR-芳基,-NRS(O)2-NR-被取代的芳基,-NRS(O)2-NR-杂芳基,-NRS(O)2-NR-被取代的杂芳基,-NRS(O)2-NR-杂环,-NRS(O)2-NR-被取代的杂环,其中R是氢或烷基,一烷基氨基和二烷基氨基,一(被取代的烷基)氨基和二(被取代的烷基)氨基,一芳基氨基和二芳基氨基,一(被取代的芳基)氨基和二(被取代的芳基)氨基,一杂芳基氨基和二杂芳基氨基,一(被取代的杂芳基)氨基和二(被取代的杂芳基)氨基,一杂环和二杂环氨基,一(被取代的杂环)氨基和二(被取代的杂环)氨基,不对称的、被二取代的胺,其具有独立地选自以下的不同的取代基:烷基、被取代的烷基、芳基、被取代的芳基、杂芳基、被取代的杂芳基、杂环和被取代的杂环,并且被取代的芳基上的氨基被常规的保护基团诸如Boc、Cbz、甲酰基等取代,或者被-SO2NRR取代,其中R是氢或烷基。
“环烷基”是指含3-8个碳原子并具有单一环状环的环烷基,包括,例如,环丙基,环丁基,环戊基,环己基,环烯基等等。从该定义被排除的基团是多环烷基,诸如金刚烷基等等。
“卤代”或“卤素”是指氟代、氯代、溴代和碘代。
“杂芳基”是指含2-10个碳原子和在环内含1-4个选自氧、氮和硫原子或其氧化物的芳族碳环基团。这些杂芳基可具有单一环(例如吡啶基或呋喃基)或多个稠环(例如中氮茚基或苯并噻吩基),其中稠环中的一个或多个环可为芳族的或不为芳族的,条件是连结点通过芳环原子完成。另外,杂芳基的杂原子可被氧化,即,形成吡啶N-氧化物或1,1-二氧代-1,2,5-噻二唑等等。另外,环的碳原子可被氧代(=O)取代。术语“在杂芳基环中具有两个氮原子的杂芳基”是指在杂芳基环中含有两个、并且只含有两个氮原子的杂芳基并且任选地在杂芳基环中包含1或2个其它杂原子诸如氧或硫的杂芳基。
“被取代的杂芳基”是指被1-3个选自以下的取代基取代的杂芳基:羟基,酰基,酰基氨基,硫代羰基氨基,酰基氧基,烷基,被取代的烷基,烷氧基,被取代的烷氧基,烯基,被取代的烯基,炔基,被取代的炔基,脒基,烷基脒基,硫脒基,氨基,氨基酰基,氨基羰基氧基,氨基羰基氨基,氨基硫代羰基氨基,芳基,被取代的芳基,芳基氧基,被取代的芳基氧基,环烷氧基,被取代的环烷氧基,杂芳基氧基,被取代的杂芳基氧基,杂环基氧基,被取代的杂环基氧基,羧基,羧基烷基,羧基-被取代的烷基,羧基-环烷基,羧基-被取代的环烷基,羧基芳基,羧基-被取代的芳基,羧基杂芳基,羧基-被取代的杂芳基,羧基杂环,羧基-被取代的杂环,羧基酰胺基,氰基,硫醇,硫烷基,被取代的硫烷基,硫芳基,被取代的硫芳基,硫杂芳基,被取代的硫杂芳基,硫环烷基,被取代的硫环烷基,硫杂环,被取代的硫杂环,环烷基,被取代的环烷基,胍基,胍基砜,卤代,硝基,杂芳基,被取代的杂芳基,杂环,被取代的杂环,环烷氧基,被取代的环烷氧基,杂芳基氧基,被取代的杂芳基氧基,杂环基氧基,被取代的杂环基氧基,氧基羰基氨基,氧基硫代羰基氨基,-S(O)2-烷基,-S(O)2-被取代的烷基,-S(O)2-环烷基,-S(O)2-被取代的环烷基,-S(O)2-烯基,-S(O)2-被取代的烯基,-S(O)2-芳基,-S(O)2-被取代的芳基,-S(O)2-杂芳基,-S(O)2-被取代的杂芳基,-S(O)2-杂环,-S(O)2-被取代的杂环,-OS(O)2-烷基,-OS(O)2-被取代的烷基,-OS(O)2-芳基,-OS(O)2-被取代的芳基,-OS(O)2-杂芳基,-OS(O)2-被取代的杂芳基,-OS(O)2-杂环,-OS(O)2-被取代的杂环,-OSO2-NRR,其中R是氢或烷基,-NRS(O)2-烷基,-NRS(O)2-被取代的烷基,-NRS(O)2-芳基,-NRS(O)2-被取代的芳基,-NRS(O)2-杂芳基,-NRS(O)2-被取代的杂芳基,-NRS(O)2-杂环,-NRS(O)2-被取代的杂环,-NRS(O)2-NR-烷基,-NRS(O)2-NR-被取代的烷基,-NRS(O)2-NR-芳基,-NRS(O)2-NR-被取代的芳基,-NRS(O)2-NR-杂芳基,-NRS(O)2-NR-被取代的杂芳基,-NRS(O)2-NR-杂环,-NRS(O)2-NR-被取代的杂环,其中R是氢或烷基,一烷基氨基和二烷基氨基,一(被取代的烷基)氨基和二(被取代的烷基)氨基,一芳基氨基和二芳基氨基,一(被取代的芳基)氨基和二(被取代的芳基)氨基,一杂芳基氨基和二杂芳基氨基,一(被取代的杂芳基)氨基和二(被取代的杂芳基)氨基,一杂环氨基和二杂环氨基,一(被取代的杂环)氨基和二(被取代的杂环)氨基,不对称的、被二取代的胺,其具有独立地选自以下的不同的取代基:烷基、被取代的烷基、芳基、被取代的芳基、杂芳基、被取代的杂芳基、杂环和被取代的杂环,并且被取代的芳基上的氨基被常规的保护基团诸如Boc、Cbz、甲酰基等取代,或者被-SO2NRR取代,其中R是氢或烷基。
“磺酰基”是指基团-S(O)2R,其中R选自氢,烷基,被取代的烷基,烯基,被取代的烯基,炔基,被取代的炔基,芳基,被取代的芳基,环烷基,被取代的环烷基,杂芳基,被取代的杂芳基,杂环,被取代的杂环,其中烷基,被取代的烷基,烯基,被取代的烯基,炔基,被取代的炔基,环烷基,被取代的环烷基,芳基,被取代的芳基,杂芳基,被取代的杂芳基,杂环和被取代的杂环的定义如本文所述。
“药学可接受的载体”是指可用于制备药物组合物或制剂的载体,其一般是安全的、无毒的,并且不是生物学不可接受的或在其它方面不可接受的,并且包括适于兽用以及人用药物应用的载体。药学可接受的载体或赋形剂包括一种所述载体或超过一种的所述载体。
“药学可接受的阳离子”是指药学可接受的盐的阳离子。“药学可接受的盐”是指保持化合物的生物有效性以及不是生物学不可接受的或在其它方面不可接受的性质的盐。药学可接受的盐是指化合物的药学可接受的盐,该盐得自本领域公知的各种有机和无机抗衡离子,并且包括,例如,钠,钾,钙,镁,铵,四烷基铵等等;并且当分子包含碱官能团时,是有机酸或无机酸的盐,诸如盐酸盐,氢溴酸盐,酒石酸盐,甲磺酸盐,乙酸盐,马来酸盐,草酸盐等等。
药学可接受的碱加成盐可从无机碱和有机碱制备。得自无机碱的盐包括,例如,钠、钾、锂、铵、钙和镁的盐。得自有机碱的包括,例如,伯胺、仲胺和叔胺的盐,诸如烷基胺,二烷基胺,三烷基胺,(被取代的烷基)胺,二(被取代的烷基)胺,三(被取代的烷基)胺,烯基胺,二烯基胺,三烯基胺,(被取代的烯基)胺,二(被取代的烯基)胺,三(被取代的烯基)胺,环烷基胺,二(环烷基)胺,三(环烷基)胺,(被取代的环烷基)胺,二(被取代的环烷基)胺,三(被取代的环烷基)胺,环烯基胺,二(环烯基)胺,三(环烯基)胺,(被取代的环烯基)胺,二(被取代的环烯基)胺,三(被取代的环烯基)胺,芳基胺,二芳基胺,三芳基胺,杂芳基胺,二杂芳基胺,三杂芳基胺,杂环胺,二(杂环)胺,三(杂环)胺,混合的二胺和三胺,其中胺上的至少两个取代基不同并且选自:烷基,被取代的烷基,烯基,被取代的烯基,环烷基,被取代的环烷基,环烯基,被取代的环烯基,芳基,杂芳基,杂环等等。还包括其中两个或三个取代基与氨基的氮一起形成杂环或杂芳基的胺。
适当的胺的实例包括,例如,异丙基胺,三甲基胺,二乙基胺,三(异丙基)胺,三(正丙基)胺,乙醇胺,2-二甲基氨基乙醇,三甲醇胺,赖氨酸,精氨酸,组胺,咖啡因,普鲁卡因,哈胺,胆碱,甜菜碱,乙二胺,氨基葡萄糖,N-烷基葡糖胺,可可碱,嘌呤,哌嗪,哌啶,吗啉,N-乙基哌啶等等。还可理解的是,其它的羧酸衍生物也是可用的,例如,羧酸酰胺,包括甲酰胺,低级烷基甲酰胺,二烷基甲酰胺等等。
药学可接受的酸加成盐可从无机酸和有机酸制备。得自无机酸的盐包括得自盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸等等的盐。得自有机酸的盐包括得自乙酸、丙酸、羟基乙酸、丙酮酸、草酸、苹果酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、马来酸、富马酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、苯甲酸、肉桂酸、扁桃酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、水杨酸等等的盐。
化合物可作为前体药物被使用。前体药物是指在当这种前体药物被给予到哺乳动物受试者时在体内释放活性母体药物的任何化合物。前体药物通过改变所存在的官能团被制备,改变方式为该改变基团可在体内裂解以释放母体化合物。前体药物包括其中羟基、氨基或巯基的化合物与任何在体内可裂解以分别再生成游离的羟基、氨基或巯基的基团结合的化合物。前体药物的实例包括但不限于羟基官能团的酯(例如乙酸酯,甲酸酯,和苯甲酸酯衍生物)、氨基甲酸酯(例如N,N-二甲基氨基-羰基)等等。
疾病的“治疗”包括:
(1)预防疾病,即,导致疾病的临床症状在可能暴露于疾病或倾向于患病但是尚未经历或显示疾病症状的哺乳动物中不发展,
(2)抑制疾病,即阻止或减轻疾病或其临床症状的发展,或
(3)缓解疾病,即引起疾病或其临床症状的消退。
“治疗有效量”是指当被给予到哺乳动物用于治疗疾病时,该化合物的足够实现疾病的治疗的量。“治疗有效量”根据化合物、疾病及其严重程度以及待治疗哺乳动物的年龄、体重等的不同而异。
化合物的药物制剂
通常,化合物通过这些化合物的任何可接受的给药方式以治疗有效量被给予。化合物可通过多种途径被给予,所述途径包括但不限于,经口,非肠道(例如皮下,硬膜下,静脉内,肌肉内,鞘内,腹膜内,脑内,动脉内,或病灶内给药途径),局部,鼻内,局部化(例如,手术施用或手术栓剂),经直肠和经肺(例如气雾剂,吸入或粉末)。因此,这些化合物作为可注射和经口给药组合物都是有效的。化合物可通过输注或快速浓注的方式被连续给予。化合物即活性成分的实际量,根据许多因素的不同而异,所述因素为诸如疾病(即待治疗的病况或疾病)的严重程度,受试者的年龄和相对健康状况,所用化合物的效力,给药途径和形式,以及其它因素。
这些化合物的毒性和治疗效力可通过标准的药物过程在细胞培养或实验动物中来确定,例如,用于确定LD50(导致群体的50%致命的剂量)和ED50(在群体的50%中治疗有效的剂量)。在毒性效果和治疗效果之间的剂量比是治疗指数并且其可用比率LD50/ED50表示。
从细胞培养试验和动物研究获得的数据可用于制定在人中所用的剂量范围。这些化合物的剂量处在包括只有很少毒性或没有毒性的ED50的循环浓度的范围内。该剂量可根据所用剂型以及所用给药途径的不同而在该范围内变化。对于使用的任何化合物而言,可最初从细胞培养试验估计治疗有效剂量。剂量可在动物模型中制定以实现循环血浆浓度范围,其包括在细胞培养试验中所确定的IC50(即,供试化合物实现症状的半数最大抑制所述的浓度)。这些信息可用于更精确地确定在人中可用的剂量。可通过例如高效液相色谱法测量血中水平。
被给予到患者的药物组合物的量将根据正被给予的物质、给药目的诸如预防或治疗目的、患者的状态和给药方法等等的不同而改变。在治疗应用中,组合物以足以治愈或至少部分抑制疾病症状及其并发症的量被给予到已患病的患者。足够实现这一目的的量被定义为“治疗有效剂量”。有效用于这一应用的量根据正被治疗的疾病条件而定以及通过随诊临床医师根据诸如炎症的严重程度、患者的年龄、体重和一般条件等因素来判断。
被给予到患者的组合物为上文所述的24种药物组合物形式。这些组合物可通过传统的灭菌技术进行灭菌或者可进行无菌过滤。得到的含水溶液可被包装,按照包装时的样子被使用,或者被冻干,在给药前将冻干制剂与无菌的含水载体合并。可理解,使用一些上文所述的赋形剂、载体或稳定剂可形成药物盐。
活性化合物在宽的剂量范围内是有效的并且一般以药学有效量或治疗有效量被给予。化合物的治疗剂量将根据,例如,实施治疗的具体应用,化合物的给药方式,患者的健康和状况,以及开处方医师的判断而定。例如,对于静脉内给药,剂量范围典型地为约0.5毫克到约100毫克/千克体重。有效剂量可从得自体外或动物模型试验体系的剂量反应曲线外推得到。典型地,临床医师将给予化合物直到达到实现所需效果的剂量为止。
当作为药物被使用时,化合物通常以药物组合物的形式被给予。药物组合物包含上述的一种或多种化合物作为活性成分以及包含一种或多种药学可接受的载体或赋形剂。所用的赋形剂通常适合对人受试者或其它哺乳动物给药。在制备组合物时,活性成分通常与赋形剂混合,用赋形剂稀释,或被包封在载体内,所述载体可以为胶囊、小袋、纸或其它容器的形式。当赋形剂充当稀释剂时,其可以是固体、半固体或液体材料,其用于活性成分的媒介物、载体或介质。因此,组合物可为以下形式:片剂,丸剂,粉剂,菱形剂,小袋,扁囊剂,酏剂,悬浮剂,乳剂,溶液剂,糖浆剂,气雾剂(作为固体或在液体介质中),包含例如最多10重量%的活性化合物的膏剂,软明胶胶囊和硬明胶胶囊,栓剂,无菌注射液,和无菌包装粉剂。
在制备制剂中,在与其它成分合并之前可能必需研磨活性化合物以提供适当的粒度。如果活性化合物实质上是不溶的,其通常被研磨到小于200目的粒度。如果活性化合物实质上可溶于水,则通常通过研磨来调整粒度从而提供在制剂中的实质上均匀的分布,例如约40目。适当的赋形剂的一些实例包括乳糖,葡萄糖,蔗糖,山梨醇,甘露醇,淀粉,阿拉伯树胶,磷酸钙,藻酸盐,黄蓍胶,明胶,硅酸钙,微晶纤维素,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,纤维素,无菌水,糖浆剂和甲基纤维素。制剂可另外包括:润滑剂诸如滑石、硬脂酸镁和矿物油;润湿剂;乳化剂和助悬剂;防腐剂诸如羟基苯甲酸甲酯和羟基苯甲酸丙酯;甜味剂;和芳香剂。本发明的组合物可通过本领域已知进行配制,从而在对患者给药后提供活性成分的迅速的、持续的或延迟的释放。
活性化合物在药物组合物及其单位剂量形式中的量可根据具体应用、引入方式、特定化合物的效力以及所需浓度而广泛地改变或调节。术语“单位剂量形式”是指适合作为用于人受试者和其它哺乳动物的整体式剂量的物理离散的单位,每个单位包含经过计算以产生所需的治疗效果的预定量的活性物质以及适当的药物赋形剂。
化合物可在适当的惰性载体诸如无菌的生理盐溶液中被配制用于非肠道给药。被给予的剂量将根据给药途径来确定。通过静脉内制剂给予治疗剂在制药工业中是公知的。静脉内制剂除了其中治疗剂是可溶的组合物之外还具有某些性质。例如,该制剂将促进活性成分的总体稳定性,并且,制剂的制造应当是成本节约的。所有这些因素最终将决定静脉内制剂的总体成功性和有用性。
可被包含在药物制剂和化合物中的其它的辅助添加剂如下:溶剂:乙醇,甘油,丙二醇;稳定剂:EDTA(乙二胺四乙酸),柠檬酸;抗微生物防腐剂:苯甲醇,对羟基苯甲酸甲酯,对羟苯甲酸丙酯;缓冲剂:柠檬酸/柠檬酸钠,酒石酸氢钾,酒石酸氢钠,乙酸/乙酸钠,马来酸/马来酸钠,酞酸氢钠,磷酸/磷酸二氢钾,磷酸/磷酸二氢钠;和张力调节剂:氯化钠,甘露醇,葡萄糖。
缓冲剂的存在是保持水性pH在约4到约8的范围所必需的。缓冲系统一般是弱酸及其可溶性盐的混合物,例如柠檬酸钠/柠檬酸;或二元酸的单阳离子盐或二阳离子盐,例如酒石酸氢钾;酒石酸氢钠,磷酸/磷酸二氢钾,和磷酸/磷酸氢二钠。
缓冲系统的用量根据(1)所需的pH;和(2)药物的量而定。一般地,缓冲剂的用量为制剂的0.5∶1到50∶1摩尔比的缓冲剂:药物(buffenalendronate)(其中缓冲剂的摩尔数是缓冲剂成分如柠檬酸钠和柠檬酸的摩尔数的和)从而保持pH一般为4到8。使用1∶1到10∶1摩尔比的缓冲剂(总和):存在的药物。有用的缓冲剂是每毫升5到50毫克的柠檬酸钠/柠檬酸。柠檬酸足够保持组合物的水性pH为4-6。
缓冲剂还可存在以通过与溶解的金属离子例如Ca、Mg、Fe、Al、Ba形成可溶性金属配合物来防止药物沉淀,所述金属离子可从玻璃容器或橡皮塞中浸出或存在于普通自来水中。缓冲剂可充当药物的竞争性络合剂并生成可溶性金属配合物,导致存在不受欢迎的微粒。
另外,可能需要存在试剂例如以约1-8毫克/毫升的量存在的氯化钠调节张力使其达到与人血是相同的值,从而避免当静脉内制剂被给予时发生红细胞的溶胀或收缩,导致不受欢迎的副作用诸如恶心或腹泻以及可能导致有关的血液病。通常,制剂的张力与人血的张力匹配,处在282到288mOsm/kg的范围内,通常是285mOsm/kg,其等于与0.9%氯化钠溶液相当的渗透压力。
静脉内制剂可通过直接静脉注射、静脉内浓注被给予,或者可通过加入适当的输注溶液诸如0.9%氯化钠注射液或其它适合的输注溶液进行输注给药。
该组合物优选以单位剂量形式进行配制,每个剂量包含约5到约100毫克的、更通常为约10到约30毫克的活性成分。术语“单位剂量形式”是指适合作为用于人受试者和其它哺乳动物的整体式剂量的物理离散的单位,每个单位包含经过计算以产生所需的治疗效果的预定量的活性物质以及适当的药物赋形剂。
活性化合物在宽的剂量范围内是有效的并且一般以治疗有效量被给予。然而,可理解的是,化合物实际被给予的量将由医师根据相关环境而定,所述相关环境包括待治疗的病况,所选的给药途径,给予的真正化合物,个体患者的年龄、体重和应答,患者症状的严重程度等等。为了制备固体组合物诸如片剂,将主要活性成分与药物赋形剂混合,形成固体预制剂组合物,其包含本发明化合物的均匀混合物。当提到这些预制剂组合物是均匀时,其是指活性成分均匀地分散在整个组合物中,从而使得该组合物可被容易地再分成同等有效的单位剂量形式诸如片剂、丸剂和胶囊。该固体预制剂然后被再分成上述类型的、包含例如0.1到约2000毫克的活性成分的单位剂量形式。
片剂或丸剂可被包衣或以其它方式进行配合,从而提供具有延长作用的优点的剂型。例如,片剂或丸剂可包含内部剂量组分和外部剂量组分,后者为前者外的包衣形式。两个组分可被肠溶层分开,所述肠溶层用于抵御在胃内的崩解并使得内部组分以完好形式进入十二指肠或推迟释放。可使用多种材料用于这种肠溶层或包衣,这种材料包括多种聚合物酸和聚合物酸与诸如虫胶、鲸蜡醇和醋酸纤维素的材料的混合物。
其中可并入新型组合物用于经口或注射给药的液体形式包括含水溶液,经适当调味的糖浆剂,水性或油性悬浮剂,和含有可食用油诸如棉子油、芝麻油、椰子油或花生油的调味乳剂,以及酏剂和类似的药物媒介物。
用于吸入或吹入的组合物包括在药学可接受的水性溶剂或有机溶剂或其混合物中的悬浮剂,和粉剂。液体或固体组合物可包含上文所述的适当的药学可接受的赋形剂。在药学可接受的溶剂中的组合物可使用惰性气体形成气雾。气雾化溶液可直接从气雾装置被呼吸或者气雾装置可连接到面罩管路或间歇性正压呼吸机。溶液、悬浮剂或粉末组合物可从以适当方式递送该制剂的装置被给予。
化合物可以以持续释放形式给予。持续释放制剂的适当实例包括包含化合物的固体疏水性聚合物的半透性基质,该基质是成型制品的形式,例如薄膜或微胶囊。持续释放基质的实例包括聚酯,水凝胶(例如,Langer等人,J.Biomed.Mater.Res.15:167-277(1981)和Langer,Chem.Tech.12:98-105(1982)所述的聚(甲基丙烯酸酯-2-羟基乙酯),或聚(乙烯基醇)),聚交酯(美国专利3,773,919),L-谷氨酸和γ乙基-L-谷氨酸酯的共聚物(Sidman等人,Biopolymers 22:547-556,1983),不可降解的乙烯-乙酸乙酯),Langer等人,同上),可降解的乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物,诸如LUPRON DEPOTTM(即,由乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物和乙酸亮内瑞林组成的可注射的微球体),和聚-D-(-)-3-羟基丁酸(EP 133,988)。
化合物可以以持续释放形式被给予,例如,以储库型注射剂,植入制剂,或渗透泵形式被给予,其可以使活性成分持续释放的方式进行配制。用于持续释放制剂的植入剂是本领域中公知的。植入剂可用生物可降解或生物不可降解的聚合物配制而成,包括但不限于,微球体,厚片(slabs)。例如,乳酸和/或羟基乙酸的聚合物形成可被宿主充分耐受的易侵蚀的聚合物。
还可使用透皮递送装置(“贴剂”)。可使用这种透皮贴剂来提供化合物以受控的量进行连续或非连续输注。用于递送药剂的透皮贴剂的构建和应用是本领域公知的。例如,参见美国专利5,023,252,1991年6月11日授权,其被并入作为参考。这种贴剂可被构建用于药剂的连续的、脉冲式的或一经要求立即释放。当希望或必需将药物组合物引入到脑中时可使用直接或间接的放置技术。制剂技术通常牵涉将药物递送导管放置到宿主的脑室系统内以绕过血脑屏障。用于将生物因子转运到身体特定解剖区域的一个这种可移植型递送系统在美国专利5,011,472中描述,其作为参考被并入本文。间接技术通常牵涉将组合物进行配制以通过将亲水性药物转化成脂溶性药物而进行药物潜效化处理。潜伏化作用一般通过将药物上存在的羟基、羰基、硫酸基和伯胺基阻断来实现从而使药物具有更大的脂溶性并且可经受住跨血脑屏障的转运的考验。作为替代,亲水性药物的递送可通过动脉内输注高渗溶液得以增强,所述高渗溶液可以瞬时打开血脑屏障。
为了增强血清半衰期,化合物可被包封,被引入到脂质体内腔中,被制成胶体,或者可使用其它的常规技术来提供化合物的延长的血清半衰期。可获得多种方法用于制备脂质体,例如如Szoka等人的美国专利4,235,871、4,501,728和4,837,028中所述的,其每篇文献作为参考被并入本文。
药物组合物适用于多种药物递送系统中。可用于本发明的适当的制剂参见Remington′s Pharmaceutical Sciences,Mace PublishingCompany,Philadelphia,PA,17th ed.(1985)。
提供的化合物和药物组合物在治疗和预防病毒感染和相关疾病中显示了生物活性,并因此在治疗包括人的哺乳动物中的病毒感染和相关疾病诸如出血热病毒中具有实用性。
出血热病毒(HFV)是核糖核酸病毒,其引起多种具有类似临床特征的疾病综合征。作为潜在的生物武器感兴趣的HFV包括但不限于:沙粒病毒(Junin病毒,Machupo病毒,Guanarito病毒,Sabia病毒和拉沙热病),丝状病毒(埃博拉病毒和马伯格氏病毒),黄病毒(黄热病病毒,鄂木斯克出血热病毒和贾萨努尔森林热病毒)和布尼亚病毒(流行性肝炎和克里米亚-刚果出血热)。天然存在的沙粒病毒和可能的工程化沙粒病毒被归入疾病控制和防御中心(the Centers for Disease Control andPrevention)所列举的A类病原体中,是对于大量伤亡具有最大可能性的那些试剂。
风险因素包括:到非洲或亚洲旅行,动物尸体的处理,接触被感染的动物或人,和/或节肢动物叮咬。沙粒病毒在直接接触被感染的血液和/或体分泌物后具有高度的传染性。人通常通过接触被感染的啮齿类、被感染节肢动物所叮咬,直接接触动物尸体,吸入传染性啮齿动物的排泄物和/或摄入被啮齿动物排泄物所污染的食物而被感染。Tacaribe病毒已经与蝙蝠有关。出血热的空气传播是另一种方式。人人接触还可在一些病例中发生。
所有出血热表现出类似的临床症状。然而,临床表现通常是非特异性和可变化的。潜伏期是约7-14天。发病的开始逐渐伴有发烧和不适,呼吸急促,相对心搏徐缓,低血压,循环性休克,结膜感染,咽炎,淋巴结病,脑炎,肌痛,背痛,头痛和眩晕,以及皮肤的感觉过敏。一些被感染的患者可能发展出血表现形式。
在专业实验室进行的诊断方法包括通过抗原-捕获酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)检测抗原,通过抗体-捕获酶联免疫吸附测定检测IgM抗体,逆转录酶聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)和病毒分离。抗原探测(通过酶联免疫吸附测定)和逆转录酶聚合酶链式反应在紧急临床环境中是最有用的诊断技术。病毒分离具有有限的意义,因为其要求安全级别为4(BSL-4)的实验室。
实施例1-测定本发明化合物的抗登革热-2活性:
已经确立了敏感性和可重现性的高通量筛选(HTS)试验,用来测量由登革热病毒诱导的细胞病变效应(CPE)。为了确定在5天内产生完全CPE所需的登革热病毒储液的量,将Vero细胞单层接种到96孔板上并用登革热病毒储液的10倍系列稀释液感染,提供了约0.001PFU细胞到0.1PFU/细胞的感染复数(MOI)。在感染后5天,将培养物用5%戊二醛固定并用0.1%结晶紫染色。用分光光度法在OD570定量表示由病毒诱导的CPE。从该分析,选择MOI为0.1PFU/细胞的登革热病毒储液用于HTS试验。为了建立96孔试验的信噪比(S/N)和评价孔-孔之间和试验-试验之间的变化性,进行了5个独立实验。将Vero细胞单层用0.1PFU/细胞的登革热病毒储液感染。每个板包含以下对照:一式四份的被病毒感染的孔,一式四份的未被感染的细胞孔和在500、250、125和62μM下利巴韦林的一式两份的剂量反应曲线作为参考标准。在感染后5天,对板进行了如上所述的处理。
将化合物溶解在DMSO中并在介质中稀释,从而使得在每孔中的最终浓度是5μM化合物和0.5%DMSO。使用PerkinElmerII HT PLUS机器人系统将化合物自动加入到培养基中。在加入化合物后,用登革热病毒(DEN-2株,新几内亚岛C)感染培养基。在培养5天后,对板进行处理并在PerkinElmer Envision II读板系统上定量表示CPE。
这些实验的结果表明了96孔试验形式是稳固的和可再生的。S/N比(细胞对照孔的信号(信号)/病毒对照孔的信号(噪音)的比率)是5.0±1.2.。测量了每个单个板的孔-孔的变化性并发现对于阳性对照孔和阴性对照孔二者之间的相对标准偏差小于10%,并且总体的试验-试验变化性小于15%。使用该试验,利巴韦林的EC50值经测定为125±25μM。利巴韦林对抗登革热的有效性随着所用细胞类型的不同而变化,但是获得的值在所公开的该化合物的范围内(2,14,32)。合起来,这些结果表明敏感性的和可重现性的HTS试验已经成功地被开发,用来评价用于登革热病毒复制抑制剂的化合物库。
该试验是登革热病毒抑制剂的高通量筛选的基础,针对登革热病毒试验了210,000个化合物库。进一步考察了以至少50%抑制由登革热病毒诱导的CPE的化合物的化学易处理性、效力和选择性。
最初,考察了符合条件的化合物的化学结构用于化学易处理性。化学易处理的化合物被定义为使用合理的化学方法即可合成得到,并且其具有化学稳定作用和可能的类似于药物的性质。评价了通过该药物化学过滤器的符合条件的化合物的效力。通过评价在较大浓度范围内的抑制活性来确定化合物的效力。使用非线性回归生成最佳拟合抑制曲线并用来计算50%有效浓度(EC50)。
还考察了在初筛中具有活性的化合物在病毒产额试验中的活性。下面的表1显示了在一定的浓度范围内在病毒产额试验中考察了对抗登革热-2(新几内亚岛C株)的活性的一些化合物。如上所述,将在12孔板中的Vero细胞在0.1感染复数(MOI)下用登革热-2病毒感染,用化合物(或作为对照的DMSO)处理,在37℃培养,在感染后48小时收获,并在Vero细胞上滴定。通过ExcelFit计算EC50。具有低于1μM的活性的那些化合物用“A”标示,活性在1到10μM之间的那些化合物用“B”标示,活性在10到25μM之间的那些化合物用“C”标示,和活性高于25μM的那些化合物用“D”标示。
表1-本发明化合物的列表及其抗登革热2病毒活性
实施例2-测定本发明化合物的选择性或特异性
对在上面实施例1中经过鉴定在小于10μM有效浓度下具有对抗登革热-2的活性的那些化合物,检验了它们在病毒产额试验中对抗每种血清型登革热的活性,得到了EC50值(表2)。还考察了被选择化合物针对黄病毒科中其它成员的更广谱的活性,包括摩多克鼠,其是鼠黄病毒,以及牛病毒性腹泻病毒(BVDV),其是瘟病毒。因为登革热病毒能够在多个细胞衬里中复制并且为了确保在vero细胞中观察到的活性是一致的,还考察了被选择的化合物在病毒产额试验中在C6/36蚊虫细胞中对抗登革热-2的有效浓度。
表2-被选择的化合物对抗Den-1、Den-2、Den-3、Den-4、莫多克鼠病毒和BVDV的活性
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所有参考的所有出版物被全文并入作为参考。
已经参考本发明的优选的实施方案描述了本发明,但是本领域技术人员可理解可对其进行更广泛的改变。本发明的范围仅由权利要求书进行限定。
Claims (36)
2.权利要求1的组合物,其中R1是乙基。
3.权利要求1的组合物,其中R2是乙基。
4.权利要求1的组合物,其中Ar是被一取代的苯基。
5.权利要求4的组合物,其中所述被一取代的苯基是酰胺基-苯基。
6.权利要求5的组合物,其中所述酰胺基-苯基选自:异丁酰胺基苯基,对-[2-(4-氧代-4H-喹唑啉-3-基)-乙酰胺基]-苯基和对-[2-(4-氧代-4H-苯并[d][1,2,3]三嗪-3-基)-乙酰胺基]-苯基。
7.权利要求1的组合物,其中Ar是被二取代的苯基。
8.权利要求7的组合物,其中所述被二取代的苯基具有一个为酰胺基的取代基和另一个为甲氧基的取代基。
9.权利要求8组合物,其中所述被二取代的苯基是间-苯基-乙酰胺基-对-甲氧基-苯基。
10.权利要求8组合物,其中被二取代的苯基是间-(3-甲基-丁酰胺基)-对-甲氧基-苯基。
11.权利要求1的化合物,其中式I的化合物选自:N-(4-二乙基氨磺酰基-苯基)-2-(4-氧代-4H-喹唑啉-3-基)-乙酰胺;N-(5-二乙基氨磺酰基-2-甲氧基-苯基)-异丁酰胺;N-(4-二乙基氨磺酰基-苯基)-2-(4-氧代-4H-苯并[d][1,2,3]三嗪-3-基)-乙酰胺;N-(4-二乙基氨磺酰基-苯基)-2-(1,3-二甲基-2,6-二氧代-1,2,3,6-四氢-嘌呤-7-基)-乙酰胺;N-(4-二乙基氨磺酰基-苯基)-2-(4-氧代-4H-噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶-3-基)-乙酰胺;2-(6-氯-4-氧代-4H-喹唑啉-3-基)-N-[4-(异丙基-甲基-氨磺酰基)-苯基]-乙酰胺;2-(7-氟-4-氧代-4H-喹唑啉-3-基)-N-[4-(异丙基-甲基-氨磺酰基)-苯基]-乙酰胺;N-(4-二乙基氨磺酰基-苯基)-2-(1,4-二氧代-3,4-二氢-1H-酞嗪-2-基)-乙酰胺;N-(4-二乙基氨磺酰基-苯基)-2-(1,3-二氧代-1H,3H-苯并[de]异喹啉-2-基)-乙酰胺;N-(4-二乙基氨磺酰基-苯基)-2-(5,6-二甲基-4-氧代-4H-噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶-3-基)-乙酰胺;N-(4-二乙基氨磺酰基-苯基)-2-(6-乙基-4-氧代-4H-噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶-3-基)-乙酰胺;N-(5-二乙基氨磺酰基-2-甲基-苯基)-2-(7-硝基-4-氧代-4H-喹唑啉-3-基)-乙酰胺;N-(5-二乙基氨磺酰基-2-甲氧基-苯基)-2-(1,3-二甲基-2,6-二氧代-1,2,3,6-四氢-嘌呤-7-基)-乙酰胺;N-(5-二乙基氨磺酰基-2-甲氧基-苯基)-丁酰胺;N-(5-二乙基氨磺酰基-2-甲氧基-苯基)-3-甲基-丁酰胺;N-(5-二乙基氨磺酰基-2-甲氧基-苯基)-2-苯基-乙酰胺;1-[2-(4-氧代-4H-喹唑啉-3-基)-乙酰基]-2,3-二氢-1H-吲哚-5-磺酸二乙基酰胺;N-[4-(2,6-二甲基-哌啶-1-磺酰基)-苯基]-2-(4-氧代-4H-喹唑啉-3-基)-乙酰胺;N-[4-(3,5-二甲基-哌啶-1-磺酰基)-苯基]-2-(4-氧代-4H-喹唑啉-3-基)-乙酰胺;N-(5-二乙基氨磺酰基-2-甲氧基-苯基)-2-(4-氧代-4H-苯并[d][1,2,3]三嗪-3-基)-乙酰胺;和戊酸(5-二乙基氨磺酰基-2-甲氧基-苯基)-酰胺。
12.权利要求1的组合物,其中式I的化合物是N-(4-二乙基氨磺酰基-苯基)-2-(4-氧代-4H-喹唑啉-3-基)-乙酰胺。
14.权利要求13的方法,其中R1是乙基。
15.权利要求13的方法,其中R2是乙基。
16.权利要求13的方法,其中Ar是被一取代的苯基。
17.权利要求16的方法,其中所述被一取代的苯基是酰胺基-苯基。
18.权利要求17的方法,其中所述酰胺基-苯基选自异丁酰胺基苯基,对-[2-(4-氧代-4H-喹唑啉-3-基)-乙酰胺基]-苯基和对-[2-(4-氧代-4H-苯并[d][1,2,3]三嗪-3-基)-乙酰胺基]-苯基。
19.权利要求13的方法,其中Ar是被二取代的苯基。
20.权利要求19的方法,其中所述被二取代的苯基具有一个为酰胺基取代基和另一个为甲氧基的取代基。
21.权利要求20的方法,其中所述被二取代的苯基是间-苯基-乙酰胺基-对-甲氧基-苯基。
22.权利要求20的方法,其中被二取代的苯基是间-(3-甲基-丁酰胺基)-对-甲氧基-苯基。
23.权利要求13的方法,其中式I的化合物选自:N-(4-二乙基氨磺酰基-苯基)-2-(4-氧代-4H-喹唑啉-3-基)-乙酰胺;N-(5-二乙基氨磺酰基-2-甲氧基-苯基)-异丁酰胺;N-(4-二乙基氨磺酰基-苯基)-2-(4-氧代-4H-苯并[d][1,2,3]三嗪-3-基)-乙酰胺;N-(4-二乙基氨磺酰基-苯基)-2-(1,3-二甲基-2,6-二氧代-1,2,3,6-四氢-嘌呤-7-基)-乙酰胺;N-(4-二乙基氨磺酰基-苯基)-2-(4-氧代-4H-噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶-3-基)-乙酰胺;2-(6-氯-4-氧代-4H-喹唑啉-3-基)-N-[4-(异丙基-甲基-氨磺酰基)-苯基]-乙酰胺;2-(7-氟-4-氧代-4H-喹唑啉-3-基)-N-[4-(异丙基-甲基-氨磺酰基)-苯基]-乙酰胺;N-(4-二乙基氨磺酰基-苯基)-2-(1,4-二氧代-3,4-二氢-1H-酞嗪-2-基)-乙酰胺;N-(4-二乙基氨磺酰基-苯基)-2-(1,3-二氧代-1H,3H-苯并[de]异喹啉-2-基)-乙酰胺;N-(4-二乙基氨磺酰基-苯基)-2-(5,6-二甲基-4-氧代-4H-噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶-3-基)-乙酰胺;N-(4-二乙基氨磺酰基-苯基)-2-(6-乙基-4-氧代-4H-噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶-3-基)-乙酰胺;N-(5-二乙基氨磺酰基-2-甲基-苯基)-2-(7-硝基-4-氧代-4H-喹唑啉-3-基)-乙酰胺;N-(5-二乙基氨磺酰基-2-甲氧基-苯基)-2-(1,3-二甲基-2,6-二氧代-1,2,3,6-四氢-嘌呤-7-基)-乙酰胺;N-(5-二乙基氨磺酰基-2-甲氧基-苯基)-丁酰胺;N-(5-二乙基氨磺酰基-2-甲氧基-苯基)-3-甲基-丁酰胺;N-(5-二乙基氨磺酰基-2-甲氧基-苯基)-2-苯基-乙酰胺;1-[2-(4-氧代-4H-喹唑啉-3-基)-乙酰基]-2,3-二氢-1H-吲哚-5-磺酸二乙基酰胺;N-[4-(2,6-二甲基-哌啶-1-磺酰基)-苯基]-2-(4-氧代-4H-喹唑啉-3-基)-乙酰胺;N-[4-(3,5-二甲基-哌啶-1-磺酰基)-苯基]-2-(4-氧代-4H-喹唑啉-3-基)-乙酰胺;N-(5-二乙基氨磺酰基-2-甲氧基-苯基)-2-(4-氧代-4H-苯并[d][1,2,3]三嗪-3-基)-乙酰胺;和戊酸(5-二乙基氨磺酰基-2-甲氧基-苯基)-酰胺。
24.权利要求13的方法,其中式I的化合物是N-(4-二乙基氨磺酰基-苯基)-2-(4-氧代-4H-喹唑啉-3-基)-乙酰胺。
25.权利要求13的方法,其中哺乳动物是人。
26.权利要求13的方法,其中病毒感染是黄病毒感染。
27.权利要求26的方法,其中黄病毒选自登革热病毒、西尼罗河热病毒、黄热病病毒、日本脑炎病毒和由蜱传播的脑炎病毒。
28.权利要求26的方法,其中所述病毒感染与选自以下的病况相关:登革热,黄热病,西尼罗河热,圣路易脑炎,丙型肝炎,墨累河谷脑炎和日本脑炎。
29.权利要求27的方法,其中所述病毒是登革热病毒。
30.权利要求29的方法,其中所述登革热病毒选自DEN-1,DEN-2,DEN-3和DEN-4。
31.权利要求26的方法,其中所述病毒感染与登革热有关。
32.权利要求31的方法,其中所述登革热选自典型登革热,登革热出血热综合征和登革热休克综合征。
33.权利要求13的方法,还包括共同给予至少一种选自抗病毒药、疫苗和干扰素的药剂。
34.权利要求33的方法,其中所述抗病毒药是利巴韦林。
35.权利要求33的方法,其中所述抗病毒药是西多福韦。
36.权利要求33的方法,其中所述干扰素是聚乙二醇化干扰素。
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CN109384727A (zh) * | 2017-08-10 | 2019-02-26 | 中国科学院上海药物研究所 | 酞嗪酮类化合物、其制备方法、药物组合物及用途 |
CN109384727B (zh) * | 2017-08-10 | 2023-07-28 | 中国科学院上海药物研究所 | 酞嗪酮类化合物、其制备方法、药物组合物及用途 |
CN114732823A (zh) * | 2019-03-13 | 2022-07-12 | 中国人民解放军军事科学院军事医学研究院 | 氨基葡萄糖及其衍生物作为抗病毒药物的应用 |
CN114732823B (zh) * | 2019-03-13 | 2023-05-23 | 中国人民解放军军事科学院军事医学研究院 | 氨基葡萄糖及其衍生物作为抗病毒药物的应用 |
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US20130303491A1 (en) | 2013-11-14 |
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MX2009012299A (es) | 2010-04-12 |
US20100189685A1 (en) | 2010-07-29 |
AP2009005070A0 (en) | 2009-12-31 |
PH12012502343A1 (en) | 2013-06-17 |
WO2008147962A1 (en) | 2008-12-04 |
EP2148678A1 (en) | 2010-02-03 |
BRPI0810928A2 (pt) | 2019-09-24 |
CA2688194A1 (en) | 2008-12-04 |
US8518960B2 (en) | 2013-08-27 |
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