CN101614167B - Hydrocarbon retaining system and extract system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a hydrocarbon retaining system and an extract system, comprising a fuel system; a hydrocarbon retaining system selectively connected to an air intake system, an exhaust system and the fuel system, wherein the hydrocarbon retaining system comprises a first and a second hydrocarbon retaining devices, compared with that of the first hydrocarbon retaining device, the second hydrocarbon retaining device is provided with less porosity; and a controller which is used to selectively convey exhaust gas of the engine to the first hydrocarbon retaining device and then convey to the second hydrocarbon retaining device so as to store the exhaust gas hydrocarbon, selectively convey fuel steam from the fuel system to the hydrocarbon retaining system, as well as selectively extract the hydrocarbon stored in the hydrocarbon retaining system to the air intake system of the engine. The invention also describes a system for managing exhaust of a vehicle engine and a plurality of associated configurations. The invention can improve storage and extraction of HC.

Description

Hydrocarbon retaining system and extract system

[technical field]

Present invention relates in general to a kind of exhaust-gas treatment system for explosive motor.

[background technique]

Engine exhaust system has utilized hydrocarbon holding device (for example hydrocarbon trap) to think that delayed response keeps cold start emission, and perhaps recirculation is seted out in the motivation gas handling system.

Yet the present inventor has realized that the porosity of hydrocarbon holding device may be too little in some instances.Particularly macromolecular hydrocarbon can become and can't be deposited with in this device with removing.On the other hand, in some instances, depend on the fuel of burning, the porosity of hydrocarbon holding device may be too large, can produce a lot of little molecular carbon hydrogen compounds and pass through this vent systems.

[summary of the invention]

The problems referred to above can solve by a kind of system for vehicle is provided, and described vehicle comprises the motor with gas handling system and vent systems.Described system comprises: the fuel system of described vehicle; Optionally be connected to the gas handling system of described motor, the vent systems of motor and the hydrocarbon retaining system of fuel system, described hydrocarbon retaining system comprises the first hydrocarbon holding device and the second hydrocarbon holding device, and described the second hydrocarbon holding device has less porosity compared to described the first hydrocarbon holding device; And controller, described controller is used for optionally exhaust with described motor and is sent to described the first hydrocarbon holding device and is sent to subsequently described the second hydrocarbon holding device with the storage exhaust hydrocarbon, optionally fuel fume is sent to described hydrocarbon retaining system and selectivity extracts the hydrocarbon of described hydrocarbon retaining system storage to the gas handling system of described motor from described fuel system.

A kind of system of discharging of the motor for management vehicle is provided according to a further aspect in the invention.Described system comprises: comprise the first row air flue of emission control system, described first row air flue comprises downstream section, and described downstream section is positioned at described emission control system downstream and comprises the outlet pipe of vehicle; And be connected to the second row air flue of the first row air flue in described emission control system downstream, described second row air flue comprises the hydrocarbon retaining system with the first hydrocarbon holding device and second hydrocarbon holding device, described the second hydrocarbon holding device has more fine pore degree compared to described the first hydrocarbon holding device, described hydrocarbon retaining system also comprises ventilation duct, at least a portion location of the described downstream section of the contiguous described first row air flue of wherein said ventilation duct at least a portion and with its thermal coupling.

According to another aspect of the invention, provide a kind of system for vehicle, described vehicle comprises the motor with gas handling system and vent systems.Described system comprises: the fuel system of described vehicle; Optionally be connected to the gas handling system of described motor, the vent systems of motor and the hydrocarbon retaining system of fuel system, described hydrocarbon retaining system comprises the first hydrocarbon holding device and the second hydrocarbon holding device, and described the second hydrocarbon holding device has less porosity compared to described the first hydrocarbon holding device; And controller, described controller is used for optionally exhaust with described motor and is sent to described the first hydrocarbon holding device and is sent to subsequently described the second hydrocarbon holding device with the storage exhaust hydrocarbon, finish the transmission of exhaust, optionally fuel fume be sent to described hydrocarbon retaining system and selectivity extracts the hydrocarbon of described hydrocarbon retaining system storage to the gas handling system of described motor from described fuel system based on the pure content of the fuel of described fuel system at least.

That top general introduction is provided for introducing the series of concepts that will describe with simple form in embodiment with should be appreciated that.It does not mean that core or the key feature of confirming claimed theme, and the scope of this theme is defined by the application's claim.In addition, claimed theme is not subject to the embodiment who solves any shortcoming that any part above mentioned or of the present invention mentions.

[description of drawings]

Fig. 1 has shown the schematic diagram of motor, vent systems and hydrocarbon (HC) keeping system.

Fig. 2 has shown the schematic diagram of explosive motor.

Fig. 3,4,5,6 and 7 has shown the various embodiments of hydrocarbon retaining system.

Fig. 8,9,10,11,12,13 and 14 has shown the high level flow chart of the running of explanation motor, vent systems and hydrocarbon retaining system.

[embodiment]

Fig. 1 has shown the schematic diagram of Vehicular system 6.Vehicular system 6 comprises the engine system 8 that is connected to hydrocarbon (HC) keeping system 22 and fuel system 18.

Engine system 8 can comprise the motor 10 with a plurality of cylinders 30.Motor 10 comprises gas handling system 23 and vent systems 25.Gas handling system 23 comprises the closure 62 that is connected to engine intake manifold 44 via gas-entered passageway 42 fluids.Vent systems 25 comprises leads to the gas exhaust manifold 48 that transmission is vented to the exhaust passage 35 in the atmosphere.Vent systems 25 can comprise one or more emission control systems 70, and it can be installed in the close-coupled position in the vent systems.One or more emission control systems can comprise three-way catalyst, rare NOx catcher, diesel particulate filter, oxidation catalyst etc.Be with should be understood that as shown in the exemplary engine of Fig. 2, can comprise other parts for example multiple valve and sensor in the motor.

Vent systems 25 also can be connected to hydrocarbon retaining system 22 via pipeline 26 and valve 24 with turning round.In an example, exhaust can be sent to hydrocarbon retaining system 22 between the engine cold starting on-stream period.Subsequently, describe as following, in case emission control system 70 has reached its operating temperature, the hydrocarbon that remains in the system 22 can be extracted (purge) to motor via gas handling system 23.

Return Fig. 1, fuel system 18 can comprise the fuel tank 20 that is connected to fuel pump system 21.Fuel pump system 21 can comprise that one or more pumps are used for the fuel that pressurization transfers to the sparger of motor 10, the example sparger 66 that for example shows.Although only show single sparger 66, can adopt extra sparger for each cylinder.That fuel system 18 can be the fuel system without backflow fuel system, backflow fuel system or multiple other types with should be understood that.Further describe as following, the steam that produces in the fuel system 18 can be sent to hydrocarbon retaining system 22 via pipeline 31 before being extracted to engine aspirating system 23.

Fuel tank 20 can be preserved a plurality of fuel mixtures, comprises the fuel of a series of determining alcohol, such as the multiple gasoline-alcohol mixture that comprises E10, E85, gasoline etc. and their combination.

Hydrocarbon retaining system 22 can comprise one or more hydrocarbon holding devices, and for example configuration is used for capturing from air inlet the hydrocarbon trap of hydrocarbon temporarily.Hydrocarbon retaining system 22 can further comprise when storage or gas can be sent to outside the keeping system 22 ventilation duct 27 to the atmosphere when capturing hydrocarbon from vent systems 25 and/or fuel system 18.Ventilation duct 27 also can allow fresh air to be inhaled in the hydrocarbon retaining system 22 via extracting pipeline 28 and extracting valve 29 when the hydrocarbon that extracts from the storage of vent systems 25 and/or fuel system 18.Although shown the ventilation duct 27 that is communicated with the fresh air of not heating in this example, also can use multiple modification.For example, can use air inlet from the heating of air extraction case.In addition, in selected situation, can use the exhaust of heating.

In system 6, can use the multiple systems configuration of the hydrocarbon retaining system 22 of the multiple combination with valve, sensor.For example, with reference to the multiple systems configuration that figure 3 to 7 here describes, following discussion.Although and the various configurations of Fig. 3 to 7 shown the alternative feature of multiple concrete combination, also can combine to form another example arrangement from the various features among Fig. 3 to 7.Multiple extra parts can be included in gas handling system, vent systems and the fuel system in addition, for example the silencing apparatus in valve 24 downstreams.

Vehicular system 6 also can comprise control system 14.Control system 14 is shown as from a plurality of sensors 16 (this paper describes its multiple example) reception information and with control signal and is sent to a plurality of drivers 81 (this paper describes multiple example).As an example, sensor 16 can comprise exhaust sensor 126, temperature transducer 128 and the pressure transducer 129 that is positioned at the emission control system upstream.Other sensors for example pressure transducer, temperature transducer and component sensor can be connected to a plurality of positions in the Vehicular system 6, as discussed in detail here.As another example, driver can comprise fuel injector 66, valve 29, valve 24 and closure 62.Control system 14 can comprise controller 12.Controller can receive the input data from multiple sensors, processes the input data, and based on instruction or corresponding to the input data-triggered driver that code response is wherein processed that is programmed into of one or more programs.Here with reference to figure 8 to 12 the example control program is described.

Hydrocarbon retaining system 22 can simultaneously or turn round during different operating modes and be used for from comprising a plurality of sources storage hydrocarbons of engine exhaust system 25 and fuel system 18.Under some operating modes, for example during the engine start when emission control system does not also reach its initiation temperature (for example reaching the temperature of selected abundant high transformation efficiency for this device of specific exhaust gas composition), exhaust can be sent to hydrocarbon retaining system 22 from vent systems 25, and is sent in the atmosphere by ventilation duct 27 subsequently.Like this, the increasing amount of cold starting hydrocarbon emission can be stored in the hydrocarbon retaining system 22, simultaneously exhaust heating emission control system 70.Subsequently, reach enough operating temperatures in case install 70, exhaust is transferred in the atmosphere by pipeline 35 and hydrocarbon retaining system 22 is isolated with engine exhaust basically.In addition, the fuel fume of fuel tank 20 interior generations can be delivered to engine aspirating system 23 and be sent to before motor 10 internal combustion in the hydrocarbon retaining system 22 for storage.Can be simultaneously, respectively or its combination realize these different memory modules (from vent systems 25, and from fuel system 18).

With exhaust isolation after, hydrocarbon retaining system 22 can be connected to engine aspirating system with by ventilation duct 27 suction fresh airs and the hydrocarbon that extracts storage to the engine aspirating system with in the motor internal combustion.Such extraction running can occur as during the selected engine operating condition described herein.

The additional detail that extracts and store running will be described here.

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of a cylinder of demonstration multicylinder engine 10.Fig. 1 describes such as reference, motor 10 can be at least part of by comprising controller 12 control system and by the input control of vehicle operators 132 through input devices 130.In this example, input device 130 comprises accelerator pedal and is used for producing pro rata the pedal position sensor 134 of pedal position signal PP.The firing chamber of motor 10 or cylinder 30 can comprise the chamber wall 32 with location piston 36 in the inner.Piston 36 can be connected to bent axle 40 in order to make the to-and-fro motion of piston convert rotatablely moving of bent axle to.Bent axle 40 can be connected to via the intermediate transmission system at least one driving wheel of vehicle.And starter motor can be connected to bent axle 40 to open the starting operation of motor 10 via flywheel.

Firing chamber 30 can receive air inlet and can discharge combustion gas via gas exhaust manifold 48 from intake manifold 44 via intake duct 42.Intake manifold 44 and gas exhaust manifold 48 can optionally be communicated with firing chamber 30 via intake valve 52 and exhaust valve 54 separately.In certain embodiments, firing chamber 30 can comprise two or more intake valves and/or two or more exhaust valve.Intake manifold can comprise that fluid is connected to exhaust stream to allow to extract the extraction path that steam is transported to the intake manifold 44 of motor.Although this example has shown the extraction path in closure downstream so that mainfold vacuum sucks gas, also can use multiple other configurations.For example, in the situation that turbosupercharged engine extracts circuit and can lead to the upstream of turbosupercharger compressor inlet.

In this example, can control intake valve 52 and exhaust valve 54 by actuated by cams via cam driving system 51 and 53 separately. Cam driving system 51 and 53 all can comprise one or more cams and can utilize one or more cam profile conversion (CPS), variable cam timing (VCT), Variable Valve Time (VVT) and/or lift range variable (VVL) system that can be turned round to change by controller 12 the valve running.The position of intake valve 52 and exhaust valve 54 can be determined by position transducer 55 and 57 respectively.In an alternate embodiment, intake valve 52 and/or exhaust valve 54 can drive control by mortor operated valve.For example, cylinder 30 alternately comprises via the intake valve of mortor operated valve driving control and the exhaust valve of being controlled by the actuated by cams that comprises CPS and/or VCT system.

Fuel injector 66 is shown as and is connected directly to firing chamber 30 for being directly injected in it pro rata with fuel and via the pulse width of electronic driver 68 from the FPW signal of controller 12 receptions.In this way, fuel injector 66 provides to the firing chamber 30 with fuel in the mode that is called direct injection.Fuel injector can be installed in for example side or the top of combustion chamber of firing chamber.Fuel can be delivered to fuel injector 66 by the fuel system (not shown) that comprises fuel tank, petrolift and fuel rail.In certain embodiments, firing chamber 30 alternately or additionally comprises with the configuration that fuel is injected into the intake duct of 30 upstreams, firing chamber in the mode that is called intake port injection and is arranged on fuel injector in the intake duct 44.

Intake duct 42 can comprise the closure 62 with Rectifier plate 64.In this object lesson, controller 12 is via the position that changes Rectifier plate 64 to the signal of the electric motor that includes closure 62 or motor driver (a kind of configuration that usually is referred to as Electronic Throttle Control (ETC)) is provided.In this way, the closure 62 that can turn round provides air inlet in the firing chamber 30 to other engine cylinders with change.The position of Rectifier plate 64 can be provided to controller 12 by throttle position signal TP.Intake duct 42 can comprise Mass Air Flow sensor 120 and Manifold Air Pressure sensor 122 be used for providing separately MAF and the MAP signal to controller 12.

Under selected operation mode, ignition system 88 can respond the spark of self-controller 12 to shift to an earlier date signal SA and provide to the firing chamber 30 via spark plug 92 with ignition spark.Although shown the spark ignition parts, in certain embodiments, no matter have or not ignition spark, one or more other firing chambers of firing chamber 30 or motor 10 can the ignition by compression mode operation.

Exhaust sensor 126 is shown as the air outlet flue 48 that is connected to emission control system 70 upstreams.Sensor 126 can be used to any suitable sensor that the exhaust air-fuel ratio indication is provided, for example linear oxygen sensors or UEGO (general or wide territory exhaust gas oxygen sensor), bifurcation lambda sensor or EGO (exhaust gas oxygen sensor), HEGO (hot type EGO), nitrogen oxide (NOx), hydrocarbon (HC) or carbon monoxide (CO) sensor.Emission control system 70 is shown as along the air outlet flue 48 in exhaust sensor 126 downstreams and arranges.Device 70 can be three-way catalyst (TWC), NOx catcher, multiple other emission control systems or its combination.In certain embodiments, between motor 10 on-stream periods, can by with at least one cylinder cycle-property of specific air-fuel ratio operation motor reset emission control system 70.

Fig. 1 middle controller 12 is shown as microcomputer, comprises microprocessor unit 102, input/output end port 104, is used for electronic storage medium (being shown as ROM chip 106 at this object lesson), random access memory 108, keep-alive storage 110 and the data/address bus of executable program and calibration value.Storage medium ROM (read-only memory) 106 can be programmed expression can by processor 102 carry out be used for carrying out the method that the following describes and can expect but the mechanized data of the instruction of other variable of specifically not listing.Controller 12 can receive multi-signal from the sensor that is connected to motor 10, those signals except discussing before also comprise: introduce the measured value of Mass Air Flow (MAF), from the engineer coolant temperature (ECT) of the temperature transducer 112 that is connected to cooling cover 114, from the pulse igniting sensing signal (PIP) that is connected to bent axle 40 hall effect sensors 118 (or other types), from the throttle position (TP) of throttle position sensor with from the absolute mainfold presure signal (MAP) of sensor 122.Engine rotational speed signal RPM can be generated from pulse igniting sensing PIP signal by controller 12.Mainfold presure signal MAP from manifold pressure sensor can be used for providing vacuum or pressure in the intake manifold to indicate.

As mentioned above, Fig. 2 has shown a cylinder of multicylinder engine 10, and each cylinder can comprise its own group intake valve/exhaust valve, fuel injector, spark plug etc. similarly.

Fig. 3 has shown and has comprised and for example be arrangeding in parallel with exhaust duct 35 and in the first embodiment 300 of the hydrocarbon retaining system of the hydrocarbon holding device of the HC catcher 310 in emission control system 70 downstreams and adsorption tanks (canister) 322.Exhaust duct valve 24 is positioned at exhaust duct and is used for stoping exhaust stream during first mode, and allows exhaust stream to pass through during the second pattern.By-pass line 312 is connected to the upstream and downstream of exhaust duct valve 24.In addition, by-pass line 312 comprises the first bypass valve 314, HC catcher 310 and the second bypass valve 318.In this example, the HC catcher can comprise brick 320.In other example, the HC catcher can comprise a plurality of bricks or other structures, for example active carbon.In addition, HC catcher 310 also can be the active carbon of use micropore (0.5nm hole dimension scope) or the adsorption tanks of zeolite.By-pass line 312 is by ventilation duct 27 and lead to atmosphere by valve 318 and pipeline 35 alternatively.

In addition, HC catcher 310 can be connected to via passage 324 fluids and extract adsorption tanks 322.Extract adsorption tanks 322 configurable for collecting steam from fuel system, for example via the pipeline 328 that leads to fuel tank 20.Passage 324 can comprise valve 326.Extract adsorption tanks 322 and also can be connected to engine aspirating system via pipeline 330 and valve 332 fluids.Be similar to HC catcher 310, adsorption tanks 322 can comprise active carbon, although it can have difference, and high, porosity for example.

Although this example has shown two hydrocarbon holding devices (for example HC catcher 310 and extraction adsorption tanks 322), can adopt multiple substituting.For example, can use single hydrocarbon holding device, adsorption tanks for example, wherein adsorption tanks turn round to store exhaust hydrocarbon and fuel tank steam.In addition, two hydrocarbon holding devices can be adsorption tanks, maybe can be the HC catcher.The concrete configuration of HC keeping system no matter, the hydrocarbon holding device can receive the cold starting hydrocarbon of transmission and keep hydrocarbon.

In an example, because delivery temperature can fully be lower than the gamut of the delivery temperature of experience in the vent systems, the hydrocarbon holding device can comprise the granular active carbon that plastic shell contains.

Hydrocarbon retaining system 22 among Fig. 3 can pass through the selective control of multiple valve with a plurality of mode operations by controller.For example, can carry out following operation mode:

Mode A: exhaust hydrocarbon storage

During selecting motor and/or vehicle working condition, but controller 12 cut-off valves 24 and 326, and open valve 314 and selectively opened valve 318.In addition, valve 332 cuts out.The example operating mode is included in emission control system and has reached initiation temperature engine cold starting running before.Under this pattern, transmit by HC catcher 310 leaving via ventilation duct 27 to atmosphere from the exhaust of motor 10, extract simultaneously adsorption tanks 322 and exhaust and hydrocarbon retaining system isolation.

Mode B: fuel fume storage

During selecting motor and/or vehicle working condition, but controller 12 open valves 24 and 326, and cut-off valve 314 and 318.Valve 332 can be closes, and the fuel tank steam is only stored in this case, does not extract.Alternately, valve 322 can be opened into the size of control, and some fuel tank steams are stored and some are transported to motor and are used for burning like this.Under this pattern, at least some fuel tank steams transmitted before being discharged from by ventilation duct 27 by extracting adsorption tanks 322 and HC catcher 310 and keeping within it.Equally, fuel tank can be communicated to hydrocarbon retaining system.

Pattern C:HC catcher and/or adsorption tanks extract

During selecting motor and/or vehicle working condition, but controller 12 open valves 24 and 326, and cut-off valve 314 and 318.In addition, valve 332 can be the size that is opened into control, like this by ventilation duct 27 inhale fresh airs with extract HC catcher 310 and extract adsorption tanks 322 by 330 and valve 332 to engine aspirating system 23.Under this pattern, can be in the motor internal combustion from the fuel fume of the extraction of adsorption tanks and/or HC catcher, exhaust is transferred in the atmosphere by pipeline 35 after emission control system is processed.

In alternate embodiment, except the hydrocarbon of storing with extraction via ventilation duct 27 inhale fresh airs, this system can be extraly or alternately exhaust is sent to ventilation duct so that the exhaust of heating is heated hydrocarbon retaining system and extracted better the hydrocarbon of storing.During particular case, can use such operation, for example cold ambient temperature.In addition, in some cases, system can specially transmit exhaust to heat hydrocarbon retaining system to higher temperature in the longer time during memory module, turn round thereby improve follow-up extraction.In an example, before extracting running, exhaust can be transferred into hydrocarbon retaining system (even during non-starting condition) to increase temperature and to improve follow-up extraction efficiency.When being reduced to threshold value under the hydrocarbon retaining system, maybe when can occurring, extraction machine can use this running when reducing.

What note is that the configuration among Fig. 3 is sent back to exhaust duct 35 and discharge outlet pipe so that flow through the gas of HC catcher 310.Therefore, by using the valve 318 (it can be low temperature, low-cost valve compared to other outlet valves in the system) that allows exhaust stream to be back to outlet pipe (or being sent to the outlet pipe position) can realize multiple advantage.For example, this is configured in cold starting and captures and to allow enough air-flows between on-stream period and exhaust need not be sent to other position outside the outlet pipe.In addition, port is used for extracting air flow inlet by providing independently, can never be subject to the position suction extracting air that water injects impact.

In addition, when exhaust sent back as shown in Figure 3 vent systems, the HC catcher can be positioned at the upstream of silencing apparatus, leaked impact on the releasing system performance thereby reduce silencing apparatus.

Fig. 4 has shown the second embodiment 400 of hydrocarbon retaining system 22.In this configuration, valve 24 comprises transmitting by pipeline 35 and is vented in the atmosphere or diverter valve to the pipeline 412.Fig. 4 has shown and has been parallel to the HC catcher 410 that exhaust duct 35 is arranged on the downstream of emission control system 70.Pipeline 412 is connected to the upstream of valve 24 and comprises HC catcher 410.

In addition, HC catcher 410 can be connected to via passage 424 and valve 426 fluids and extract adsorption tanks 422.Extract adsorption tanks 422 configurable for collecting steam from fuel system, for example via the pipeline 428 that leads to fuel tank 20.Extract adsorption tanks 422 and also can be connected to engine aspirating system via pipeline 430 and valve 432 fluids.Hydrocarbon retaining system 22 also can comprise the first pressure transducer 436 and the second pressure transducer 438 that is connected to pipeline 424.In addition, HC catcher temperature transducer 440 can be connected directly to the HC catcher.

Show such as signal among Fig. 4, ventilation duct 27 and 35 thermal couplings of at least a portion pipeline are so that heat shifts betwixt.In an example, but ventilation duct 27 spatial neighbor at least a portion pipelines 35.

The hydrocarbon retaining system of Fig. 4 can be turned round under a plurality of patterns by the selective control of controller by a plurality of valves.For example, can carry out following operation mode:

Mode A: exhaust hydrocarbon storage

During selecting motor and/or vehicle working condition, controller 12 adjustable valves 24 with bypassing exhaust to pipeline 412, and cut-off valve 432 and 426.The example operating mode is included in emission control system and has reached initiation temperature engine cold starting running before.Under this pattern, transmit by HC catcher 410 leaving via ventilation duct 27 to atmosphere from the exhaust of motor 10, extract simultaneously adsorption tanks 422 and exhaust and hydrocarbon retaining system isolation.

Mode B: fuel fume storage

During selecting motor and/or vehicle working condition, controller 12 adjustable valves 24 pass through pipeline 35 with directing exhaust gas, and with hydrocarbon trap 410 and exhaust isolation.In addition, but controller open valve 426, and cut-off valve 432.Under this pattern, at least some fuel tank steams transmitted before being discharged from by ventilation duct 27 by extracting adsorption tanks 422 and HC catcher 410 and keeping within it.

Pattern C:HC catcher and/or adsorption tanks extract

During selecting motor and/or vehicle working condition, controller 12 adjustable valves 24 pass through pipeline 35 with the guiding exhaust, and with hydrocarbon trap 410 and exhaust isolation.In addition, but controller open valve 426, and controllably open valve 432 with extract HC catcher 410 by ventilation duct 27 inhale fresh airs and extract adsorption tanks 422 by 430 and valve 432 to engine aspirating system 23.Under this pattern, can be in the motor internal combustion from the fuel fume of the extraction of adsorption tanks and/or HC catcher, simultaneously exhaust is transferred in the atmosphere by pipeline 35 after processing being discharged control gear.As above propose, heat is transferred to the fresh air in the suction ventilation pipe 27.In some instances, heat can be transferred by the alternative form that conduction, convection current, forced convection, combination on it or heat are transmitted.Like this, when system's warming-up during to operating temperature, warm air can improve the release that is stored in HC catcher 410 and/or extracts the hydrocarbon in the adsorption tanks 422.

Fig. 5 has shown the 3rd embodiment's of hydrocarbon retaining system 22 schematic diagram.This embodiment is similar to the embodiment among Fig. 3, and except HC catcher 510 comprises two bricks 520, and configuration is used for making exhaust sequentially by brick, but paralleling abstracting they.Particularly, the system of Fig. 5 comprises and the exhaust duct 35 parallel HC catchers 510 that are arranged on emission control system 70 downstreams.Exhaust duct valve 24 (can be in this example closure) is positioned at exhaust duct and is used for stoping exhaust stream during first mode, and allows exhaust to pass through during the second pattern.By-pass line 512 is connected to the upstream and downstream of exhaust duct valve 24.In addition, by-pass line 512 comprises the first bypass valve 516, HC catcher 510 and the second bypass valve 518.By-pass line 512 also is connected to ventilation duct 27 via two parallel channels 534 and valve 538.

In addition, HC catcher 510 can be connected to via passage 524 fluids and extract adsorption tanks 522.Extract adsorption tanks 522 configurable for collecting steam from fuel system, for example via the pipeline 528 that leads to fuel tank 20 (not shown)s.Extract adsorption tanks 522 and also can be connected to engine aspirating system via pipeline 530 and valve 532 fluids.

The hydrocarbon retaining system of Fig. 5 is turned round under a plurality of patterns by the selective control of controller by multiple valve.For example, can carry out following operation mode:

Mode A: exhaust hydrocarbon storage

During selecting motor and/or vehicle working condition, but controller 12 cut-off valves 24 and 538, and open valve 516 and 518.In addition, valve 532 cuts out.The example operating mode is included in emission control system and has reached initiation temperature engine cold starting running before.Under this pattern, transmit to the atmosphere by HC catcher 510 (order is by brick 520a and 520b then) leaving via pipeline 35 from the exhaust of motor 10, simultaneously because air-flow props up valve 532 extracts adsorption tanks 522 and effectively isolate with exhaust.

Mode B: fuel fume storage

During selecting motor and/or vehicle working condition, but controller 12 open valves 24,526 and 538, and cut-off valve 516 and 518.Valve 532 also can cut out.Therefore exhaust and adsorption tanks 522 and 510 isolation of HC catcher.Under this pattern, at least some fuel tank steams transmitted before being discharged from by valve 538 and ventilation duct 27 by extracting adsorption tanks 522 and HC catcher 510 and keeping within it.Especially, fuel fume at first transmitted before discharging by ventilation duct 27 by adsorption tanks 522 and parallel respectively by brick 520a and 520b subsequently.Like this and since exhaust and fuel tank steam at least from the various flows of brick 510a to, the fuel tank steam can be sentenced the variable concentrations storage at the diverse location of catcher.

Pattern C:HC catcher and/or adsorption tanks extract

During selecting motor and/or vehicle working condition, but controller 12 open valves 24 and 538, and cut-off valve 516 and 518.In addition, valve 532 can be the size that is opened into control, like this by ventilation duct 27 inhale fresh airs with extract HC catcher 510 and extract adsorption tanks 522 by 530 and valve 532 to engine aspirating system 23.Under this pattern, can be in the motor internal combustion from the fuel fume of the extraction of adsorption tanks and/or HC catcher, exhaust is transferred in the atmosphere by pipeline 35 after emission control system is processed.Again, in the air-flow opposite with Mode B among Fig. 5 moved, fresh air was sent to brick 520a and 520b concurrently being combined and transmitting before extracting adsorption tanks 522.Like this, the extraction of steam be stored in whole bricks in the opposite direction of fuel tank steam and the opposite direction generation with being stored in exhaust hydrocarbon at least one brick (520a) in.

This difference storage of sequential storage and paralleling abstracting and the draw-off direction of utilizing can improve storage and release, thereby increased the efficient of motor and releasing system.

Fig. 6 has shown other details of example of the 3rd embodiment of Fig. 5.Correspondingly mark like.In this example, valve 24,518 and 516 is vacuum driving closure.The HC catcher comprises two brick 520a, 520b with active carbon ball 612.Vacuum governor 614 is connected to valve 24,516 and 518, and configurable for needing only valve 518 and 516 for opening just cut-off valve 24, and vice versa.In an example, vacuum governor 614 can pass through controller 12 motorized motions.

Continue to consult Fig. 6, the first pressure transducer 540 and the second pressure transducer 542 are connected to import 616 and the outlet 618 of HC catcher.On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) (OBD) sensor 620 can be connected between the first brick and the second brick 520a, the 520b.The OBD sensor can be measured gas pressure, composition or the combination on it in the HC catcher.

In this example, HC catcher 510 can be positioned at final catalyzer afterwards still before silencing apparatus.In addition, the length from exhaust duct 35 can be greater than 12 inches to be reduced to 100 ℃ to allow to use plastic components with delivery temperature from 800 ℃.In addition, can further turn round carbon with noise decrease during the silencing apparatus in bypass is crossed exhaust duct.

Continue with reference to an example, be positioned at the plastic shell that the import of adsorption tanks and exhaust clack that outlet (616,618) is located can be plastics and can be integrated advance catcher/adsorption tanks.This device can comprise that rubber gasket/O shape encloses to help seal ring around shell, can be because the temperature that reduces is closed or around the plastics lobe at this place exhaust clack.Device 510 shell can comprise 1.5 " be used on sign outlet/inlet pipe, the elastic part sensor and poppet valve the injection molding protuberance, be used for the injection molding port of air inlet in cone, be used for allowing air-flow by the screen of the exhaust clack of adsorption tanks and driving in the carbon-coating both sides.Being connected to 524 intake valve can be between the layer that fills up.In this place, the loading and unloading of OBD sensor 620 Observable layers.In an example, if plastics exhaust flap seal, poppet valve will allow the air from the air extraction case enter.Separate from the air inlet source in ventilation valve downstream the fresh air intake at each cone place.Outlet can be led to the fuel tank purge system, and for example order enters adsorption tanks or and is advanced into.

Fig. 7 has shown the 4th embodiment of hydrocarbon retaining system 22.This example is similar to Fig. 4, although at bypass 712 interior uses different valve and duct arrangement and two HC catchers.Particularly, in this example, valve 24 operates as diverter valve allowing exhaust circulation piping 35 to atmosphere, or the guiding exhaust stream is to pipeline 714 and valve 716.In this example, valve 716 is another diverter valve, and it allows at pipeline 714 and pipeline 740, or is communicated with between pipeline 714 and the pipeline 742.Bypass 712 also comprises respectively a HC catcher and the 2nd HC catcher 726 and 728.In addition, be similar to above-described other example arrangement, valve 725 is shown as for the control air flow direction and extracts the adsorption tanks (not shown) or come from adsorption tanks, and it leads to fuel tank and intake manifold subsequently.Equally, can be sent to the first and second catchers 726 and 728 with such order from the fuel fume of fuel tank, and be extracted in reverse order.

In Fig. 7, two catchers 726 dispose different HC capture characteristics with 728.For example, compared to catcher 728, catcher 726 can be than the active carbon of macroporosity to catch larger HC molecule.Like this, at memory period, gas can be transmitted and at first pass through catcher 726 and subsequently by catcher 728, reduced so significantly the HC molecular size in the gas.In addition, because the HC molecule of storage is difficult to from removing than the active carbon of aperture, can be by suck than in the aperture to suppress the HC molecule as the buffering than the active carbon of aperture than the active carbon of macropore irretrievablely.In addition, less HC kind can occur under higher temperature sucks in catcher 728.Equally, the inlet tube diameter from diverter valve 716 to catcher can have enough sizes to provide required pressure between storage and extraction on-stream period.

The configuration of Fig. 7 also can provide opposite course to be used for the storage of catcher 726 and 728 and extract running.Particularly, the HC memory period in exhaust, diverter valve 24 and 716 transmitted exhaust by 714 and subsequently to catcher 726 before discharging by ventilation duct 27, and subsequently to catcher 728.During the extraction of catcher, regulating valve to be being transferred fresh air by catcher 726 and transmitting by ventilation duct 27, catcher 728 to the air inlet subsequently, and subsequently to catcher 726.Like this, can realize improving storage and the release of HC, particularly according to the different qualities (for example porosity) of catcher.Therefore, the configuration of Fig. 7 can operate among Mode A, B and the C any.

Although catcher 726 and 728 can be the HC catcher in an example, also can use two active carbon adsorption tanks.Alternately, as above carry, can comprise zeolite.For example, be different from self-contained unit, adsorption tanks 726 configurable when absorbing cold starting propylene and the hydrocarbon of larger quality.Micropore active carbon in the catcher 728 absorbs less hydrocarbon, but compares more protected with 726 of series connection.In addition, use the vehicle exhaust from air extraction case or heat can further provide improved performance to extract catcher with respect to the adverse current that absorbs airflow direction.

Although this example has shown two catchers in the configuration of Fig. 7, can use more or less catcher.

In an object lesson, device 726 can be included in than aperture active carbon adsorption tank 728 before to catch medium carbon adsorption tanks (than macropore) to large-sized HC molecule.At memory period, gas at first passes through catcher 726, and subsequently to catcher 728.Carry out in the opposite direction and remove.Like this, protect better than aperture and reduce larger HC molecule than macropore and irretrievably suck than in the aperture.Little HC kind sucks in the aperture medium better response pressure, about 5MP for example, and it can provide by making inlet duct diameter from diverter valve to adsorption tanks have a certain size.Similarly, the temperature of increase (for example in the idling situation by coming self-purging heat to transmit, or by at least some exhausts of use) be conducive to the removal of HC kind.

Be with reference to Fig. 3 to 7, Mode A not only can turn round and can also heat fully this system with storage in hydrocarbon keeping system from the HC of exhaust with should be understood that.Because the temperature that increases can be used in the hydrocarbon that more easily discharges storage, so it is conducive to prepare hydrocarbon retaining system 22 for follow-up extraction running.

In addition, extract although shown the combination of the exhaust hydrocarbon of fuel tank steam and storage in the example of Fig. 3 to 7, these can extract respectively in alternative arrangements.For example, extract example HC catcher via the extraction tube of the extraction tube that is parallel to the example adsorption tanks, thus can be dividually and/or extract independently different hydrocarbon storage systems.For example, can extract a hydrocarbon holding device and not extract the second hydrocarbon holding device.Again, in some example arrangement of Fig. 3 to 7, the fuel tank steam that extracts in the adsorption tanks can be extracted faster than the hydrocarbon in the HC catcher fully.Equally, during beginning extraction, known to vapor volume/concentration can be used for determining being stored in fuel fume amount in the adsorption tanks, and subsequently in the later stage (when adsorption tanks are extracted fully/empty) of extracting running, known to vapor volume/concentration can be used for estimating the load condition (it can produce, for example nearest cold starting event) of HC catcher between nearest storage on-stream period.

In addition, although the example of Fig. 3 to 7 shows that the storage of exhaust hydrocarbon and the extraction of keeping system 22 are non-simultaneous, in alternate embodiment, the hydrocarbon of some storages can be extracted during other hydrocarbons of storage.

Can carry out the method for following Fig. 8-14 by using system described herein, parts and device, but alternately can use other suitable systems, parts and device to carry out.

Refer now to Fig. 8, program 800 shows that being used for control engine running, fuel fume management and exhaust emissions manages.Program 800 can (for example be worked as motor or exhaust and be heated to normal operating temperature scope from ambient temperature) running between warming up period.

At first, at 810 places, program determines whether engine start occurs.For example, program can determine that whether motor is just from stopping.Additionally or alternately, program can be rotated running via engine start and determined whether motor start.When engine start occurred, program proceeded to 812, estimated based on many kinds of parameters or measurement emission control system temperature in this place's program.In an example, program can be determined the emission control system temperature based on engine shutdown time (wet machine time), ambient temperature, engineer coolant temperature and air inlet gas-filling temperature.Alternately or additionally, program can be determined the emission control system temperature based on the one or more exhaust gas temperature sensors that are positioned at air outlet flue 35 or gas exhaust manifold 48.In addition, program can be determined based on the temperature transducer that is mounted to emission control system the temperature of emission control system.

At 814 places, program is determined temperature threshold based on operating mode.Here with reference to Fig. 9 a method that is used for determining temperature threshold has been described.Alternately, can use fixing temperature threshold.In an example, temperature threshold is associated with the catalyzer initiation temperature.Next, whether the storage that program proceeds to 816 hydrocarbons that produce with the exhaust of determining in the keeping system 22 begins, and if do not have, then finish this program.Can whether regulate this running greater than the multiple situation of threshold value based on the hydrocarbon storage amount that comprises keeping system 22.For example, when storage system 22 was extracted during engine running before, program can begin the storage in the keeping system 22.In addition, when the temperature of keeping system 22 was lower than the maximum storage temperature, program can begin the hydrocarbon storage in the keeping system 22.In addition, such as the fuel characteristic based on the fuel of motor internal combustion, the pure content in the fuel (wherein during engine running before, can obtain the pure content in the fuel) for example, program can begin the storage of the exhaust hydrocarbon in the keeping system 22.Like this, be adjustable to the end of transmission of exhaust of hydrocarbon retaining system 22 to utilize the different storage characteristicss of different fuel.For example, when burning during with respect to the high alcohol-content fuel of low pure content fuel, transmit and may persist to higher memory space or than long duration.In addition, when being longer than threshold quantity, program can begin the storage of the hydrocarbon in the keeping system 22 when the wet machine time of motor (for example engine/vehicle dead time).Like this, but for example during hot exposure the engine start pilot gas cross keeping system 22 by vent systems 25 and bypass.

When the answer at 816 places when being, program proceeds to 818 and whether is lower than the threshold temperature of determining at 814 places with the temperature of determining emission control system 70.If so, program proceed to 820 with one or more in the running exhaust valve (for example 24) with the guiding exhaust by hydrocarbon retaining system 22, and particularly by one or more hydrocarbon traps.For example, depend on system layout, control system 14 can be regulated one or more exhaust valves before being discharged from or being sent in the atmosphere exhaust is sent to from the downstream of emission control system 70 and by hydrocarbon retaining system 22.In an example, as mentioned above, in Mode A Program this system that turns round.In addition, for example, depend on the operating mode of describing with reference to Figure 10 such as this paper, this system can turn round when spark timing is in the Peak torque timing basically, perhaps with a certain amount of spark lag running.

Next, at 822 places, program estimates to be stored in the amount of the hydrocarbon in the hydrocarbon retaining system 22, for example is stored in the amount of the hydrocarbon in the HC catcher 310.Program can be based on the memory space of temperature, engine speed and multiple other parameter estimation hydrocarbon of exhaust flow rate, delivery temperature, hydrocarbon retaining system 22.

When the answer at 816 places be no or the answer at 818 places when being, program proceed to 824 with the running exhaust valve to cross hydrocarbon retaining system 22 from emission control system 70 guiding exhausts with bypass and to be delivered to the atmosphere by pipeline 35.Equally, as mentioned here, exhaust can be passed through multiple extra emission control system and/or silencing apparatus before being transferred into atmosphere.In an example, between the on-stream period at 824 places, thereby the program run motor fully postpones ignition timing to carry out the burning of slightly rare air fuel ratio after minimum ignition advance angle (MBT) timing of Maximum Torque and in the firing chamber to increase delivery temperature.In addition, the running at 824 places thereby can cause this system under Mode A, not turn round, although system can maybe cannot operate under Mode B and the C, Fig. 8 further describes such as reference.

From step 824 or 822, program proceeds to 826 to determine whether should be performed extraction (for example, can system operate under the pattern C) from the hydrocarbon of the storage of hydrocarbon retaining system 22.At an example, the program display of Figure 11 determine whether to extract an example of hydrocarbon retaining system 22.Can begin the extraction of hydrocarbon retaining system 22 based on various engines and vehicle operation parameter, comprise temperature, the fuel temperature of temperature, the hydrocarbon retaining system of the amount (for example being stored in the amount of the hydrocarbon in the HC catcher 310) that is stored in the hydrocarbon in the keeping system 22, emission control system 70, number of times, fuel characteristic (for example pure content in the fuel of burning) and multiple other parameters of starting from extracting last time.In an example, at 826 places, program determines whether be transferred into hydrocarbon retaining system 22 in during starts exhaust of present engine.In a concrete example, along with the pure content in the fuel increases, can regulate the beginning of extraction under high-temperature, to begin.

When the answer at 826 places when being, program proceed to 828 with running exhaust valve inhale fresh air by hydrocarbon retaining system 22 and enter in the intake duct 42 of motor 10, it can comprise the movement system with pattern C.Subsequently, motor 10 turns round to suck fuel and the air inlet of steam and injection, and carries out burning within it.Next, at 830 places, program based on many kinds of parameters (comprise storage hydrocarbon amount and from the feedback information of exhaust air-fuel ratio sensor) estimation is from the amount of the hydrocarbon of the extraction of hydrocarbon retaining system 22 (it is attributable to the HC catcher and extracts in the adsorption tanks one or two).In an example, from the feedback of exhaust gas oxygen sensor can be used for knowing or the estimator that updates stored in the hydrocarbon in the HC catcher to determine the deteriorated of HC catcher based on this estimation.In addition, program also the closure of adjustable engine to regulate by extracting the amount of adsorption tanks, HC catcher or the extracting gases of the two.

When the answer at 826 places when being no or from 830, program proceeds to 832.At 832 places, program determines whether to extract the hydrocarbon vapor that is produced by fuel tank, if these steams are not extracted at 828 places, perhaps is not extracted fully at 828 places.With reference to Figure 12 an example procedure that is used for determining whether extracting the steam that fuel tank produces is described.When the answer at 832 places when being, program proceeds to 834 and extracts the steam that is produced by fuel tank from hydrocarbon retaining system with the running exhaust valve, it can comprise system is operated at pattern C.Otherwise, when the answer at 832 places when being no or from 834, EOP end of program.

Although do not specify in Fig. 8, as long as system does not operate at Mode A or C, control system also can operate at Mode B with system.Alternately, can optionally begin Mode B based on the various working that comprises ambient temperature, fuel temperature etc.

In addition, consider suitable temperature, can further provide control that exhaust is sent to hydrocarbon retaining system, and by hydrocarbon retaining system extract to engine charge to solve engine thermal starting situation.For example, system considers engineer coolant temperature and catalyst temperature in can and beginning at start program to extract, if coolant temperature is higher than thermogravimetric starting threshold value and/or catalyst temperature is higher than thermogravimetric starting threshold value like this, just stop to then that the exhaust of hydrocarbon retaining system is extracted and in case finish engine start and rotate/accelerate and begin to extract.

Now consult Fig. 9, program 900 is described and is used for determining temperature threshold, is lower than this temperature threshold exhaust and can be transferred into hydrocarbon retaining system 22.At first, at 910 places, program is determined propellant composition.In an example, program can determine to be stored in determining alcohol and/or the fuel mix of the fuel in the fuel tank 20.Can know determining alcohol based on the feedback from the indication stoichiometric air-fuel ratio of exhaust gas oxygen sensor.Additionally or alternately, program can be determined based on fuel concentration sensor the determining alcohol of fuel.What note is that program can be determined the relatively pure content in the Fuel Petroleum, or multiple other propellant composition.

Next, at 912 places, program is determined fuel temperature.In an example, program can be by measuring fuel temperature from the fuel temperature sensor that is connected to fuel tank 20.Alternately, program can be estimated fuel temperature based on the many kinds of parameters that comprises engineer coolant temperature, ambient air temperature and/or multiple other parameters.

Next, at 914 places, program is determined temperature threshold based on the fuel temperature of determining at 912 and 910 places respectively and composition/composition.In addition, program can be based on extra operating mode definite threshold, comprises catalyst material aging of emission control system 70.In an example, program can increase and the increase temperature threshold along with the pure content in the fuel combination.Like this, may regulate temperature range, be transferred into hydrocarbon trap in the hydrocarbon retaining system 22 in this temperature range exhaust.Particularly, this running can utilize along with the change of the pure content in the fuel the different storage characteristicss of catcher.For example, the change fuel along with pure content can have different absorption and/or desorption characteristics.Equally, the water in the exhaust can affect the temperature that hydrocarbon species storage/release occurs.Change along with the pure content of fuel can produce different HC chains in exhaust, therefore produce different storage/release characteristics.In an object lesson, along with the pure content in the fuel increases because temperature can catch HC, end or the minimizing of therefore turning round under the increase Mode A along with pure content in the fuel can be delayed to higher temperature.

Now consult Figure 10, it has shown the example procedure 1000 that is used for the control combustion air fuel ratio during engine start based on the pattern of exhaust transmission and/or hydrocarbon retaining system extraction.

At first, at 1010 places, program determines whether motor starts, and for example describes with reference to 810 places.If so, program proceeds to 1012 to determine whether system just is being directed to gas hydrocarbon retaining system 22 (for example, the Mode A running whether occurring).If so, program proceeds to 1014 with based on engineer coolant temperature and multiple other parameter selective combustion air fuel ratios.Next, at 1016 places, program under selected air fuel ratio with the spark lag that reduces or there is not the spark lag running, for example by turning round with the MBT timing, potentially even during the temperature of emission control system (for example, vent systems in catalytic converter) is lower than in fact its initiation temperature.In an example, the air fuel ratio of selecting at 1014 places can be rare a little during starts at first, and after starting rotation and engine speed increase, the air fuel ratio of selection can be approximately stoichiometry, or slight enrichment.Alternately, can select air fuel ratio based on the amount that is stored in the hydrocarbon in the hydrocarbon keeping system 22 (for example being stored in the amount of the hydrocarbon in the HC catcher 310).For example, along with the amount that is stored in the hydrocarbon in the hydrocarbon retaining system 22 increases, the air fuel ratio of burning can correspondingly be regulated higher (for example less enrichment, or more desaturation).

When the answer at 1012 places when being no, program proceeds to 1018 and whether is lower than initiation temperature with the temperature of determining emission control system 70.When the answer at 1018 places when being no, program continues with the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio burning of running engine with selective control with spark lag (for example, essentially no spark lag reduce etc. unless need to be used for pinking elimination, moment of torsion).Alternately, the answer when 1018 when being, program proceed to 1022 with running engine with have that the ignition timing larger than the running at 1016 places and/or 1020 places postpone near stoichiometry or slight rare air fuel ratio burning.Otherwise 1020, the program run motor is to have the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio burning that postpones the selective control of late spark lag than 1022 places.For example, can be based on catalyst temperature retarded spark timing amount.

Such as another example, so whether system can be transferred into the hydrocarbon holding device based on exhaust and turn round with a plurality of ignition timing delayed modes.For example, pattern can comprise first mode and the second pattern, program is sent to hydrocarbon retaining system with exhaust and turns round during the first timing spark ignition and at least a portion with the first mode of the first motor/exhaust air-fuel ratio running under first mode, program bypass under the second pattern cross hydrocarbon retaining system and during at least a portion of the second pattern with the second timing spark ignition of more postponing than the first timing or with second motor rarer than the first exhaust air-fuel ratio/exhaust air-fuel ratio running.In an object lesson, the second pattern is carried out after first mode, and the two all during starts turns round in normal engine, and in this case than the second pattern, first mode is carried out under the lower temperature of emission control system.In addition, the first air fuel ratio can be desaturation during the first portion of first mode, and can be stoichiometry or enrichment during the second portion of first mode.Alternately, first mode can be carried out during the first engine start, the second pattern can be carried out during the second engine start, wherein second during starts hydrocarbon retaining system can have than in the first larger hydrocarbon storage amount during starts.

Next, advance to 1024 places from 1020, program determines whether to occur the extraction of keeping system 22, comprises in the exhaust hydrocarbon of the fuel tank steam that extracts storage and storage one or two.If, program proceeds to 1026 places, this place's control system in response to from the feedback regulation fuel injection amount of one or more exhaust gas oxygen sensors to keep stoichiometric(al) combustion and to know the amount of the hydrocarbon that extracts and come and/or be stored in the amount of the hydrocarbon in the keeping system 22.In addition, program can respond the amount adjusting valve position of the fresh air that sucks by hydrocarbon retaining system.For example, but when beginning to extract running the program close the throttle to compensate extra air-flow.

In an example, motor can by running some than the cylinder of more desaturation of required air fuel ratio (for example stoichiometry) and some than required air fuel ratio more the cylinder of enrichment required air fuel ratio is provided.When the stoichiometry exhaust air-fuel ratio still was provided, it can produce extra exothermic exhaust gas heat, and this running can be favourable.In an example, for example during 1016, can provide the air fuel ratio running of this separation so that increase the heat of emission control system.In addition, by utilizing the HC catcher in the keeping system 22, for example can catch the residual carbon hydrogen compound of any separating device 70 to keep required emission level.

Refer now to Figure 11, described the program of the hydrocarbon that the exhaust that is used for determining whether extracting origin self-sustaining system 22 produces.In an example, the program of Figure 11 determines whether to finish fuel tank vapor storage (for example Mode B) and is converted to extraction (for example pattern C).

At first, at 1110 places, program is determined the HC holding device of system 22, and for example whether HC catcher or adsorption tanks turn round during engine start with the storage hydrocarbon.If so, program proceeds to 1112 to determine whether system is extracting the fuel tank steam.If not so, program proceeds to 1114 to determine whether delivery temperature (for example temperature of emission control system) is higher than threshold temperature (for example threshold value at 818 places).For example, can based in the fuel tank or the pure content of spurting into in-engine fuel regulate threshold value.

If the answer at 1114 places is yes, program proceed to 1116 with the amount (for example being stored in the amount of the hydrocarbon in the HC catcher 310) of the hydrocarbon of determining keeping system 22 interior storages whether greater than threshold value.If so, program proceeds to 1118 air fuel ratios with definite motor 10 internal combustion and whether is approximately stoichiometric proportion.If so, program proceeds to 1120 to extract keeping system, for example to extract HC catcher and/or adsorption tanks (for example running on pattern C).

In an example, can be after engine start, or (for example thermogravimetric plays situation) carries out the running of Figure 11 during starting condition.

Refer now to Figure 12, described a kind of hydrocarbon by the fuel tank generation be used to determining whether to extract from keeping system 22.In an example, the program among Figure 12 determines whether end fuel tank vapor storage (for example Mode B) and is converted to extraction (for example pattern C).In an example, Figure 11 and 12 program can be adjusted together, and for example the hydrocarbon that produces of fuel tank purge and exhaust extracts simultaneously and occurs.In other examples, Figure 11 and 12 program can be carried out independently, and for example the hydrocarbon that produces of fuel tank purge and exhaust extracts independently and occurs.

At first, at 1210 places, program determines whether the HC holding device (for example HC catcher or adsorption tanks) of system 22 is extracted.If so, EOP end of program.Otherwise program proceeds to 1212 to determine whether engine start occurs, and is for example described herein.If be no, program proceeds to 1214 and sentences the fuel metering purge and have self adaption and know fuel injector mistake, maf sensor mistake etc., and program proceeds to 1216 to carry out to the extraction of the fuel tank steam of gas handling system, as regulating in 1214 places subsequently.

When the answer at 1212 places when being, program proceeds to 1218 to determine whether air-fuel ratio is approximately stoichiometric air-fuel ratio (referring to Figure 10).If be no, because the air fuel ratio that occurs in the restive extraction running, program does not begin to extract, for example when using the HEGO sensor.If be yes, then program proceeds to 1220 to determine whether current system is turning round to guide exhaust by keeping system 22.If the answer at 1220 places is yes, EOP end of program (extracting and storing in the non-simultaneous situation).Otherwise program proceeds to 1216 and sentences the keeping system that extracts to gas handling system.

Refer now to Figure 13, describe a kind of program be used to determining for example whether exhaust to be sent to during other engine operating conditions (motor begins rotation and/or vehicle travels) in the situation that is different from engine startup operation hydrocarbon retaining system 22.The program of Figure 13 can be used after engine start/warm-operation, and for example those are above-described.

For example, the running of describing with reference to Figure 13 during the cylinder valve of one or more cylinders (for example modulated displacement engine (VDE) running) shuts down is favourable, and the temperature of emission control system can be reduced to down and start or initiation temperature under these circumstances.Under these circumstances, the cylinder of residue activity can operate under stoichiometry or the slight enrichment, and exhaust is directed to keeping system 22 for the hydrocarbon of the surplus of storing the emission control system that leaves cooling.In addition, it is favourable between DECEL ENLEAN (DFSO) on-stream period or after restarting the DFSO cylinder, a lot of fresh oxygen-rich gass is stored in the emission control system in this case, thus reduce from the catalytic reaction of the discharging of motor with and temperature.When restarting to burn after DFSO, this can be particularly advantageous, in this case the air-fuel ratio during restarting fully enrichment with the oxygen that reduces storage and rebulid the required oxygen store status of catalyzer.The running of Figure 13 also can be used during the too high situation of catalyst temperature (for example work as catalyst temperature and be higher than the maximum temperature that the present situation allows), and the motor enrichment turns round to reduce catalyst temperature in this case.

In another example, the exhaust that is sent to hydrocarbon retaining system 22 during being different from engine startup operation can be used for heating the program that hydrocarbon retaining system 22 is used for follow-up extraction.For example, in case hydrocarbon retaining system 22 fully heats, can begin to extract running.When hydrocarbon retaining system 22 is lower than threshold temperature, be favourable, and otherwise can cause hydrocarbon at a slow speed and/or inefficient release and/or desorption.

Now with particular reference to Figure 13, determine in 1310 place's programs whether engine start occurs, for example as described herein.If the answer at 1310 places is yes, program proceeds to 1312 and sentences and determine whether from the engine start of present engine running hydrocarbon retaining system 22 has been extracted and/or has been stored in hydrocarbon in the system 22 and whether the estimator of fuel fume is less than threshold value.For example, program can determine whether the amount that is stored in the hydrocarbon in the HC catcher 310 is less than threshold value.

If the answer at 1312 places is yes, whether program proceeds to 1314 situations of sentencing definite selection and occurs.In an example, when the situation of selection comprises that the potentiality that increase when the hydrocarbon of breaking through emission control system 70 are greater than threshold value.In other examples, the situation of selection comprises the DECEL ENLEAN of one or more cylinders, and/or restarts from this situation.In another example, the situation of selection comprises when the exhaust air-fuel ratio from motor is abundant enrichment metering (for example than more enrichment of threshold value).In another example, the situation of selection comprises when one or more cylinders stop, and for example works as intake valve and exhaust valve and keeps closing during whole 4 stroke cycle.If the answer at 1314 places is yes, program proceed to 1316 with running exhaust valve guiding exhaust by hydrocarbon retaining system 22 (for example running on Mode A).

Like this, can realize the discharging that improves, even during non-engine start situation.In addition, be after the storage running at 1316 places in case the running at 1316 places finishes to carry out extra extraction during follow-up engine running with should be understood that.

In an object lesson, during being different from the situation of engine start, in the situation that the catalysis emission control system is higher than its initiation temperature, program can transmit and be vented to hydrocarbon retaining system when the temperature of hydrocarbon retaining system is lower than threshold value, transmit and continue to extract temperature until hydrocarbon retaining system reaches threshold value, and subsequently the exhaust bypass is crossed hydrocarbon retaining system and be sent in the atmosphere, and extract hydrocarbon retaining system to engine aspirating system.

As mentioning among Figure 14, control system can begin deteriorated the determining to keeping system 22, so that determine and distinguish and extract deteriorated between adsorption tanks and the HC catcher.In some instances, the extraction hydrocarbon concentration of knowing from exhaust gas oxygen sensor feedback and fuel spray, and the independence estimation that can provide hydrocarbon storage is provided, for example when fuel tank adsorption tanks (for example 422) and HC catcher (for example 310) when being in different temperature.The amount of the hydrocarbon known to alternately, during extracting can be used for determining being loaded and subsequently at the fuel tank steam by the performance of the HC catcher that seldom extracts during the situation that does not have the fuel tank steam to produce before fully extracting.In another object lesson, can change diagnosable HC catcher based on the temperature regime that during the gas that extracts by catcher, detects.Multiple example and extra diagnostic method are described below.

In the example below, with reference to being connected to the diagnosis of keeping system 22 based on the example description of the hydrocarbon trap of middle carbon.In addition, described running in this example, in this case after start event, exhaust stream is transferred by the HC catcher until emission control system is fully heated and reaches required transformation efficiency.In addition, after storage, flow through the HC catcher by air subsequently and get back to motor extracts seizure for burning hydrocarbon.Extract air-flow and can produce evaporative emission carbon adsorption tanks extraction serial or parallel with fuel tank.Yet following diagnosis also can be applicable to multiple other system configuration and operation mode.

Below diagnosis be applicable as functional or the threshold monitoring device in the two one of or all.The function monitor unit can determine whether device connects and undesirably effect, and the threshold monitoring device can be determined the efficient of emission control system.

A potential deterioration mode can comprise vibration and the mechanical damage that the carbon in the HC catcher is caused, and for example carbon granules can be broken and wear away.Equally, if carbon granules breaks and disappear in potentially the outer HC capturing ability that can reduce catcher of outlet pipe.If abundant carbon disappears or the volume of compacted and catcher does not recharge, some exhausts excessively carbon-coating capable of bypass and tailpipe emissions can increase.Therefore, a method is to use monitor unit such as the threshold monitoring device of surveying the carbon Volume Loss.

In the first method, control system can be measured the temperature of the outlet of HC catcher during catching and extracting.After cold starting, the temperature in outlet port can increase along with the vent systems heating.This indication mechanism be connected to vent systems and be used for to shift air-flow to the valve of catcher just in action.Be allowed to after bypass crosses catcher at air-flow, temperature should be stablized, and indicating valve is correctly circulation.Continuing to increase of temperature can indicate catcher still to be exposed to exhaust.Extracting cycle period, temperature should suck in the catcher and descends along with fresh air.

In the second method, during catching or extracting, can measure the pressure reduction at carbon-coating two ends of HC catcher as because the indication that the airflow limitation that carbon causes occurs.For certain airspeed, the loss of carbon can cause reducing of pressure reduction.One or more pressure transducers can be installed in upstream and/or the downstream of HC catcher.

In third method, can use fuel fume/hydrocarbon sensor.For example, because any deteriorated HC that breaks through ventilation duct 27 that causes in the catcher increases, the HC sensor in the catcher outlet can directly be measured the effect of catcher during catching.Play the total amount of fuel of consumption and because the model of some exhaust concentration of the function that the pre-seizure HC of the expectation that the catalyzer ignition causes reduces and composition can be used for the ability of improvement threshold monitor unit as speed/load/spark lag/temperature and/or self-starting.Alternately, can use the empirical model of the HC of the expectation of leaving catcher.

In cubic method, be arranged in the HC catcher can provide the temperature difference before during the stage in seizure (for example because absorption) and extraction (for example desorption) with temperature transducer afterwards indication.The temperature difference also can be subjected to the percentage impact at the air-flow of carbon-coating (mainly being water and HC) absorption or desorption.In other examples, can use the temperature that departs from the value of expecting or estimate.At the example that uses the HC catcher with the vent systems of the temperature transducer that is arranged in the downstream, system can utilize the delivery temperature in catcher outlet port of deduction with the deduction temperature that is created on the catcher outlet port and the temperature difference between the true temperature.System can be based on this temperature difference diagnosis adsorption function subsequently.In addition, because the potential error in temperature is estimated, temperature variation is approved the initial temperature of surveying based on by temperature transducer really, and the temperature that (for example storage or extraction) consideration compares and measures during the situation of selecting subsequently rises and the temperature rising of estimating.Equally attentively be in some instances, the exhaust air-fuel ratio sensor can operate as temperature transducer under choice situation.

In the 5th method, can use the position measurements of HC catcher.Particularly, in order to reduce the carbon in vibration hazard catcher and/or the adsorption tanks, device can comprise that unsteady end plate and one or more spring are to keep the pressure of certain level at carbon.Although if take these measure carbon still to worsen, the reducing of volume can cause the change of end plate position and power that spring is used to reduce.The method that multiple detection is moved can be used for identifying carbon loss.In an example, if these can comprise position transducer, the fine rule plate that can rupture when the spring overtime moves the contact that can open, the sensor of measuring spring power or be built in resistance strain gauge similar device in the spring.

In the 6th method, the probe of measuring the carbon-coating conductivity can be used for providing the impedance measurements that can increase along with the loss of spring pressure or reducing of carbon volume.If fixing carbon-coating enough is provided for the bypass path of exhaust, the impedance between two surface of contact that is applied to the top of adsorption tanks can show larger increase.In an example, (for example between warming up period or after the warming-up) can measure conductivity during the situation of selecting.

What note is that example control and the estimation routine that is included in this paper can use with various engines and/or Vehicular system configuration.Specific procedure described herein can represent one or more in any amount processing policy (such as event-driven, drives interrupts, Multi task, multithreading etc.).Like this, can be with illustrated order or illustrated various actions, running or the function of Parallel Implementation, or omit to some extent in some cases.Equally, the order of processing is not that to reach embodiment described herein necessary yet, and the convenience in order to illustrate and to describe just.Although do not offer some clarification on, can according to the specific strategy of using, can repeat to realize behavior or the function of one or more explanations.In addition, but the behavior image conversion of description represents to be programmed into the coding of the computer-readable recording medium in the engine control system.

Should be appreciated that, configuration disclosed herein and program are actually exemplary, and these specific embodiments can not regard as and have limited significance, because may there be various deformation.For example, above-mentioned technology can be applicable to V-6, I-4, I-6, V-12, opposed 4 cylinders and other engine types.Purport of the present invention comprises all multiple systems and is configured to and novel and non-obvious combination and the sub-portfolio of other feature, function and/or character disclosed herein.

The application's claim points out that particularly some is considered to novel making up with inferior with non-obvious combination.These claims can refer to be " one " element or " first " element or its equivalent.These claims should be appreciated that the combination that comprises one or more this elements, both neither requiring nor excluding two or more this element.Disclosing other combinations of disclosed feature, function, element and/or characteristic and inferior combination can be by revising existing claim or being advocated by propose new claim in this or association request.These claims are compared wider, narrowlyer, identical or not identical with the original rights claimed range, also be believed to comprise in theme of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. system that is used for comprising the vehicle of the motor with gas handling system and vent systems, described system comprises:

The fuel system of described vehicle;

Optionally be connected to the gas handling system of described motor, the vent systems of motor and the hydrocarbon retaining system of fuel system, described hydrocarbon retaining system comprises the first hydrocarbon holding device and the second hydrocarbon holding device, and described the second hydrocarbon holding device has less porosity compared to described the first hydrocarbon holding device; And

Controller, described controller are used for optionally the exhaust of described motor is sent to described the first hydrocarbon holding device and is sent to subsequently described the second hydrocarbon holding device with the storage exhaust hydrocarbon, optionally fuel fume is sent to described hydrocarbon retaining system from described fuel system, and selectivity draw fresh air by the second hydrocarbon holding device and subsequently by the first hydrocarbon holding device with the hydrocarbon that extracts described hydrocarbon retaining system storage to the gas handling system of described motor.

2. the system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described controller is also determined the deteriorated of described hydrocarbon retaining system based on exhaust air-fuel ratio between the extraction on-stream period.

3. the system of the discharging of a motor that is used for management vehicle, described system comprises:

The first row air flue that comprises emission control system, described first row air flue comprises downstream section, described downstream section is positioned at described emission control system downstream and comprises the outlet pipe of vehicle; And

Be connected to the second row air flue of the described first row air flue in described emission control system downstream, described second row air flue comprises the hydrocarbon retaining system with the first hydrocarbon holding device and second hydrocarbon holding device, described the second hydrocarbon holding device has more fine pore degree compared to described the first hydrocarbon holding device, described hydrocarbon retaining system also comprises ventilation duct, at least a portion location of the described downstream section of the contiguous described first row air flue of wherein said ventilation duct at least a portion and with its thermal coupling; Wherein said system provides opposite course to be used for the storage of described the first hydrocarbon holding device and the second hydrocarbon holding device and has extracted running.

4. system as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, also comprises the extracting channel that is connected between engine aspirating system and the described hydrocarbon retaining system.

5. system as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, also comprise configuration and be used for during the first situation exhaust being sent to described second row air flue exhaust hydrocarbon be stored in described hydrocarbon retaining system and extract the hydrocarbon of described hydrocarbon retaining system to the control system of described engine aspirating system during the second situation.

6. system as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, described control system during extracting, turn round described hydrocarbon retaining system with fresh air is sucked described ventilation duct with the hydrocarbon that extracts described hydrocarbon retaining system to described engine aspirating system.

7. system as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that, described control system response delivery temperature is regulated the beginning of described extraction.

8. system as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, also comprises a plurality of valves optionally exhaust is sent to described first row air flue and second row air flue.

9. system as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, also comprise control system and optionally pass through the hydrocarbon of described the first hydrocarbon holding device and the second hydrocarbon holding device inhale fresh air and concurrently extraction storage to engine aspirating system with the described hydrocarbon retaining system that turns round via described ventilation duct.

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