CN101565635B - Grate-type gasifier for gasifying agriculture and forestry biomass materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a grate type gasification furnace for the gasification of agricultural and forestry biomass materials. The biomass material inlet is connected to the gasification chamber through the material chamber; the gasification furnace is equipped with a front sealing cover and a rear sealing cover; the middle part is a rectangular gasification reaction chamber, and the bottom of the rectangular gasification reaction chamber is a chain that runs continuously. The chain grate is installed on the conveyor belt of the driving roller and the driven roller, and there are n evenly distributed levelers above it. Its advantage is that the structure is scientific and reasonable, and the continuous operation chain grate is used to replace the sieve plate of the fixed-bed gasifier, which is convenient to use and maintain. With this gasifier, the agricultural and forestry biomass materials only need to be cut into certain pieces. Long rod-shaped or flake-shaped materials can smoothly enter the gasifier to generate combustible gas without being crushed into uniform granules, which can form continuous and uninterrupted feeding, charcoal output and stable gas supply.

Description

Grate gasifier for gasification of agricultural and forestry biomass materials

technical field

The invention relates to a novel grate type gasification furnace used for the gasification of agricultural and forestry biomass materials, and belongs to the technical field of gasification furnace manufacture and use.

Background technique

The main equipment currently used for the gasification of agricultural and forestry biomass materials are fixed-bed gasifier and fluidized-bed gasifier. In practical application, there are two problems: one is that the existing gasification equipment has strict requirements on raw materials, and the fixed-bed gasifier The raw materials required by the bed gasifier require uniform particle size and certain density, while the fluidized bed gasifier requires the raw material particle size to be uniform and small, so that various agricultural and forestry biomass materials cannot be directly used at present, and need to be pulverized. The second is that the biomass charcoal produced in the gasification process can only be discharged intermittently, resulting in unstable reaction in the furnace, which makes the gas production of combustible gas fluctuate and affects the gas supply. and power generation quality.

Contents of the invention

The present invention proposes a novel grate type gasifier for the gasification of agricultural and forestry biomass materials, aiming to overcome the above-mentioned defects in the prior art.

The technical solution of the present invention: the structure is that the upper part of the gasification furnace is the inlet for the biomass material inlet and also the suction inlet for a limited amount of air entering the reaction chamber, and the inlet for the biomass material is communicated with the gasification chamber through the material chamber; The furnace is equipped with a front sealing cover and a rear sealing cover; the middle part is a rectangular gasification reaction chamber; the bottom of the rectangular gasification reaction chamber is a continuously running chain grate, which is installed on the conveyor belt between the driving roller and the driven roller. On the belt, there are n evenly distributed levelers above it.

The advantages of the present invention are: the structure of the gasifier is scientific and reasonable, and the chain-type grate that can operate continuously is used to replace the sieve plate of the fixed-bed gasifier, which is not only convenient to use and maintain, but also the grate type gasifier Agricultural and forestry biomass materials only need to be cut into rods or flakes (materials) of a certain length, without being crushed into uniform particles, they can smoothly enter the gasifier to generate combustible gas, and can also form continuous and uninterrupted feeding, Charcoal output and stable gas supply. The grate gasifier can simultaneously produce three products of gas, solid and liquid from agricultural and forestry biomass materials. The obtained combustible gas can be used for power generation by internal combustion engines and gas turbines or direct gas supply; the liquid can be recovered by condensation to obtain biomass vinegar liquid, which can be used as disinfectant and deodorant in livestock breeding places, and can also be used as pesticide auxiliaries and pesticides, or A foliar fertilizer that promotes crop growth; the obtained biochar is rich in nutrients necessary for crop growth. After being made into an organic compound fertilizer and returned to the field, it can increase the air permeability of the soil and have a long-term slow-release effect on water and fertilizer. It can improve and repair heavy metal pollution and degraded soil, and can also be used as carbon material, reducing agent for metallurgical industry, heat preservation material and civil barbecue, etc. The new grate gasifier used for the gasification of agricultural and forestry biomass materials overcomes the strict requirements of the existing fixed bed and fluidized bed gasifiers on the size and uniformity of raw material particles, so that various biomass materials cannot be directly The issue of utilization is resolved. The equipment only needs to cut the agricultural and forestry biomass materials into rods or flakes, and send them into the grate gasifier. By controlling the height of the material layer and the air volume of the induced draft fan, the biomass materials generate high-temperature combustible gas in the gasifier. After gas-liquid separation, pure combustible gas and biomass vinegar liquid close to room temperature are obtained, and the incompletely pyrolyzed solid forms biochar.

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing 1 is the structure diagram of the grate type gasifier used for the gasification of agricultural and forestry biomass materials.

Accompanying drawing 2 is the side view of Fig. 1.

Accompanying drawing 3 is A-A sectional view among Fig. 1.

In the figure, 1 is the machine base, 2 is the gas collection port generated by gasification, 3 is the driving roller, 4 is the front sealing cover, 5 is the gas extraction pipe, 6 is the gas extraction port, 7 is the biomass material inlet, 8 1 is a puller, 9 is a material chamber, 10 is a homogenizer, 11 is a rectangular gasification reaction chamber, 12 is a chain grate, 13 is a high-temperature carbon outlet, 14 is a rear sealing cover, 15 is a driven roller, 16 is a star discharge valve, 17 is a carbon collection port, 18 is a screw conveyor (water cooling), and 19 is a cooling water pool.

Detailed ways

Referring to the accompanying drawings, its structure is that the upper part of the gasifier is the inlet 7 for the biomass material, and it is also the suction port for a limited amount of air to enter the gasification reaction chamber. The inlet for the biomass material 7 passes through the material chamber 9 and the gasification chamber 11 Connected; the gasification furnace is provided with a front sealing cover 4 and a rear sealing cover 14; the middle part is a rectangular gasification reaction chamber 11, and the bottom is a continuously running chain grate 12, which is mounted on the drive roller 3 and the secondary On the conveyer belt that moving roller 15 is connected, there are n evenly distributed feeders 10 above it.

Described rectangular gasification reaction chamber 11, the area that it surrounds with chain grate 12 is gasification area, and biomass raw material is formed rectangular gasification reaction chamber 11 after being evenly ignited on chain grate 12, and its reaction temperature At 600-900°C. One end of the chain grate 12 in the running direction is the charcoal collection port 17, and the biomass charcoal produced at the bottom of the rectangular gasification reaction chamber 11 passes through the high-temperature charcoal outlet 13 to the charcoal collection port 17 and is sealed and connected with the screw conveyor 18, and is cooled by the cooling water pool 19 After the temperature is below 60°C, the material is discharged through the sealed star-shaped discharge valve 16, and the bottom of the furnace body is composed of a water-sealed base 1. Between the base 1 and the chain grate 12, the both sides of the furnace body are provided with a gas collection port 2 produced by gasification, and the gas collection port 2 is connected to a high-efficiency cyclone separator (existing) with a gas extraction pipe 5 to make the gas The solid dust in the tank is separated and discharged.

In the rectangular gasification reaction chamber 11, n strips of material homogenizers 10 are arranged on the upper part of the chain grate 12. The homogenizers 10 are evenly distributed in the direction of grate movement, and their heights are sequentially increased from front to back, every two The height difference of the homogenizer is equal to the height of the high-temperature carbon outlet divided by (n+1). Each homogenizer 10 is composed of a steel pipe with cooling water and a steel strip on the upper part of the steel pipe, so that the chain grate 12 is running , the materials in the rectangular gasification reaction chamber 11 can drop evenly, and the charcoal produced at the bottom is evenly and continuously output through the high-temperature charcoal outlet 13 . A water-cooled screw conveyor is installed at the bottom of the charcoal discharge end of the gasifier. It solves the problem that the high-temperature charcoal discharged from the gasifier will spontaneously ignite when it encounters air. After the biomass charcoal is sent out of the gasification reaction chamber 11 through the chain grate 12, it enters the carbon collection port 17 through the high-temperature charcoal outlet 13, and then enters the screw conveyor 18. The carbon collection port 17 is sealed and connected with the screw conveyor 18, and immersed in The biomass charcoal is cooled down to below 60°C in the cooling water pool 19, and then sent out by the star discharge valve 16 and enters the biochar storage or processing section.

The chain grate 12 is arranged at the bottom of the rectangular gasification reaction chamber 11. It can move continuously at a uniform speed, and the running speed can be adjusted according to the needs. The solid charcoal formed after the gasification reaction, regardless of the particle size, can pass through the running belt of the grate. The gasification chamber solves the strict requirements on the shape of raw materials for the gasification of agricultural and forestry biomass materials.

Claims (1)

1. the grate-type gasifier that is used for gasifying agriculture and forestry biomass materials, the top that it is characterized in that vapourizing furnace be biological material to add entrance also be the suction opening that the finite quantity air enters gasification reactor chamber simultaneously, biological material adds entrance and communicates with gasification reactor chamber by holding the material chamber; Vapourizing furnace is provided with front sealing cover, rear sealing cover; The vapourizing furnace middle part is the rectangle gasification reactor chamber; The bottom of rectangle gasification reactor chamber is continuously the chain-grate of operation, and chain-grate is contained on the conveying belt of drive roll and driven roll, and its top is provided with the uniform material-homogenating device of n bar; Described rectangle gasification reactor chamber bottom is chain-grate, and an end of this chain-grate traffic direction is the pyrocarbon outlet, and the pyrocarbon outlet is tightly connected through Ji Tankou and discharging spiral conveyor, discharging after the cooling of cooling basin; Bottom of furnace body is comprised of the base of water-lute, and between base and chain-grate, the both sides of body of heater are provided with the collection and confinement of gases mouth that gasification produces, the collection and confinement of gases mouth is extracted pipe out with gas and is connected to cyclonic separator, solid dust in the gas is separated discharge; Described gasification reactor chamber middle part, the top of chain-grate arranges n bar material material-homogenating device, make chain-grate when operation, the indoor material of gasification reaction can evenly descend, the biomass charcoal that the bottom produces exports even continuous wave output by pyrocarbon, bottom at vapourizing furnace pyrocarbon exit end arranges worm conveyor, biomass charcoal is after chain-grate is sent gasification reactor chamber, enter Ji Tankou through the pyrocarbon outlet, enter again worm conveyor, Ji Tankou and worm conveyor are tightly connected, and be immersed in the cooling basin biomass charcoal is cooled to below 60 ℃, send and enter again that biomass charcoal stores or processing workshop section by the star blow-off valve; Described chain-grate is arranged on rectangle gasification reactor chamber bottom, can the continuously and smoothly move, travelling speed is regulated as required, the solid carbon that forms behind the gasification reaction, granular size no matter, can both take vaporizer out of by the operation of fire grate, solve the harsh requirement of gasifying agriculture and forestry biomass materials to the raw material shape.

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